CA2111604C - Coplanar line fed antenna - Google Patents
Coplanar line fed antennaInfo
- Publication number
- CA2111604C CA2111604C CA 2111604 CA2111604A CA2111604C CA 2111604 C CA2111604 C CA 2111604C CA 2111604 CA2111604 CA 2111604 CA 2111604 A CA2111604 A CA 2111604A CA 2111604 C CA2111604 C CA 2111604C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- coplanar line
- conductors
- line
- coplanar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
A coplanar line type antenna has a desired radiation characteristics at wideband frequencies. On one side of dielectric film, a coplanar line, consists of a center conductor and two grounding conductors, is fabricated by printing techniques as a feed line; on one or both sides of the dielectric film, conductors as antenna elements are coupled with the coplanar line.
Description
COPLANAR LINE FED ANTENNA
INDUSTRIAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antenna used for land mobile and portable communications, in addition to a wire antenna or printed antenna used for radio and television receiver.
PRIOR ART
The coplanar line type antenna is known as an antenna usable in the above mentioned applications. An example is indicated in Japanese Patent Appln. No.1988-133963 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No.1989-300701) and constructed as shown in Fig. 7.
In Fig. 7, reference 11 is the coplanar line comprising a central conductor lla and a pair of grounding conductors llb and llb mutually connected by a shorting wire 12. A slot 13 is formed between these conductors lla and llb, wherein an electric field E is excited between the conductors lla and llb.
This antenna uses a coplanar line as a feed line so as not to generate spurious radiation from the feed line, while generating an electromagnetic field from the electric field produced in the slot.
Conventionally, a structure such as indicated in Fig. 8 was used in order to expand the frequency bandwidth wire antenna. A coaxial feed line is co~posed by combining a grounding conductor 21 and a conductor 22.
By embedding dielectric rods 23 in the portions of the conductor 22 functioning as antenna elements and dividing the conductor 22, spaces 24 having a capacitor function are produced ("Electronics Letters" Volume 8 Number 6, March 1972, pages 148 - 149).
PROBLEMS ADDRESSED BY THE INVENTION
In the prior art example indicated in Fig. 7, when forming the slot circuit in order to obtain the desired radiation pattern and polarization, difficulties occur in '- 2lll6o~
the arrangement of the central and grounding conductor, in addition to use it as an array antenna element.
Since the capacitance in the embodiment indicated in Fig. 8 can not be made very large, there is limitation in the extension of bandwidth of the antenna. In the conventional rod antenna, improving input impedance matching by installing a series or parallel reactance circuit of a desired construction midway or at the end of the antenna is difficult from the viewpoint of mechanical strength.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a broadband coplanar line type antenna possessing the desired radiation characteristics.
MEASURES TO RESOLVING THE PROBLEMS
For the purpose of achieving the above objective, this invention provides a coplanar line fed antenna comprising:
a coplanar line functioning as a feed line consisting of a central conductor and two grounding conductors fabricated by such means as printing on one face of a dielectric film and, conductors functioning as antenna elements coupled with the coplanar line fabricated by printing on one or both faces of the dielectric film.
The feeding point of antenna element and the feed line end are arranged in close proximity and active circuit elements are installed in spaces between them, thereby forming a coplanar line fed active antenna.
The coplanar line fed antenna can be inductance loaded by forming the antenna element conductors on one face of the film in a spiral or meander shape.
Similarly, the coplanar line fed antenna can also be capacitance loaded by arranging the antenna element conductors of both sides of-the film so as to slightly overlap.
- ' 2 ~ ~ ~
OPERATION
A feed line comprising a coplanar center conductor and two grounding conductors i~ fabricated on one face of a dielectric film by printing techniques. Also, on one side or both sides of the dielectric film, antenna elements connected to the coplanar line are fabricated by printing techniques. The resulting antenna has the radiation characteristics determined by the configuration of antenna elements.
Also, the feeding point and the feed line end of the antenna elements are in close proximity, and by intervening active elements between them, an active element operation type antenna is obtained.
In addition, by constructing coils or capacitors of lS a desired form in the antenna elements, a broadband antenna can be attained.
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, in accordance with this invention, since a feed line comprisinq a coplanar center conductor and two grounding conductors, as well as antenna conductors connected to the coplanar line are fabricated on the surfaces of a dielectric film, the desired radiation characteristics can be attained by selecting the antenna element configuration. Further, since the coplanar line is arranged on the dielectric film, an array antenna can be easily constructed or the electronic circuit can be directly connected to the coplanar line without coupling 108s.
In addition, since an active circuit is loaded between the antenna feeding point and the feed line end, a high qain antenna can be provided. In this case, special dc bias lead wires for the active circuit are not required.
Also, by deforming the antenna elements for obtaining coil or capacitance in order to improve the input impedance characteristics, a broadband antenna can be produced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 0~ THE DRAWINGS
211160~
Figs. la and lb show a preferred embodiment of this invention. Fig. la is a plane view and Fig. lb is a cross-section view along line A - A indicated in la;
Figs. 2 show an example of using a transistor circuit connected to the feeding point 1 of the Fig. 1 embodiment, Fig. 2a is a transister amplifier circuit and Fig. 2b shows the wiring arrangement;
Fig. 3 is a graph plotting the measured actual gain of the antenna in accordance with the preferred embodiment. The actual gain is expressed in value relative to the gain of halfwave dipole antenna;
Fig. 4 is a graph plotting the frequency characteristics of measured input resistance Rin and reactance Xin at the feeding point of the antenna in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 5 is a graph plotting the measured receiving pattern of the antenna in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a graph plotting gain enhancement by using a transistor circuit to compose an active system for an antenna in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 7 shows a conventional coplanar line type antenna; and Fig. 8 shows a conventional technique of expanding the bandwidth of wire antenna.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A preferred embodiment of this invention is indicated by Figs. la and lb. In Fig. la, reference 1 is a feeding point of the antenna elements. At this feeding point, the antenna elements and the feed line are coupled either directly or electromagnetically.
Fig. lb is a cut away cross section view of the antenna element portion along line A - A of Fig. la. The conductors 9 comprising the antenna elements and feed line are inserted between the layers of the three layer dielectric film.
21116~ 4 In the case indicated in the figures, the antenna elements extend oppositely in left and right directions, and each is provided with a coil portion 2 and a capacitor portion 3. Each coil portion 2 is located toward the feeding point 1, while each capacitor portion is located toward the end. The coil portion 2 is wound in a flat rectangular spiral form on one face of the dielectric film; one end is connected to the feed point and the other end is connected to the capacitor portion 3.
The capacitor portion 3 comprises a conductor formed on the opposite face of the dielectric film from the coil portion 2 and a conductor formed on the same face as the coil portion 2, thereby straddling the film. In the embodiment shown in the figure, three capacitors are connected in series.
The feed line comprises a center conductor 4a formed on one face of the dielectric film and a pair of grounding conductors 4b arranged on both sides of it, thereby forming a coplanar line. The center conductor 4a and one of the grounding conductors 4b can also be used as a dc bias supply line 6. In this case, the signal is transferred via a capacitor 8 formed between a conductor 7 arranged on the other face of the dielectric film.
Figs. 2a and 2b indicate an example of a transistor circuit connected to the feeding point 1 of Figs. la and lb. As indicated by Fig. 2a, the base B of a transistor Tr is connected to one of the antenna elements a, the emitter E is connected to the other antenna element b and one end of the coplanar line grounding conductors 4b, and the collector C is connected to one end of the center conductor 4a.
The other end of the center conductor 4a is connected via a dc cutting capacitor 8 to one output terminal 7 and the other end of the grounding conductor 4b is connected to the other output terminal. Resistance Rb is connected between the collector C and the base B of --- 2lll6o 4 transistor Tr and a series circuit comprising a resistance Rp and a power supply Vcc i~ connected between the center conductor 4a and grounding conductor 4b.
Fig. 2b indicates the connection status of the transistor Tr with the antenna elements a and b, and the conductors 4a and 4b. The antenna elements a and b are arranged in a straight line with a slight spacing between them and with this spacing in proximity to the upper end of the coplanar line. The base B of transistor Tr is connected to the antenna element b, the emitter E is connected to the antenna element b and the coplanar grounding conductor 4b, and the collector C is connected to the center conductor 4a. The transistor Tr can be a disc type with the body connecting a chip resistor Rb between base B and connector C (not shown in the figure).
Fig. 3 is a graph of the actual gain of an embodiment of this invention expressed in value relative to the gain of a halfwave dipole antenna. The frequency range from below 100 MHz to 800 MHz is indicated by the horizontal axis, while the gain is shown by the vertical axis. According to the graph, gain exists from about 200 MHz to 600 MXz. High gain of about 10 dB is obtained in the range of from 300 MHz to 600 MHz.
Fig. 4 indicates the input resistance Rin and reactance Xin at the feeding point with respect to the frequency. In the same manner as Fig. 3, the frequency range from below 100 M~z to 800 MHz is shown on the horizontal axis and the impedance on the vertical axis.
Although exceptional values are shown at the frequencies of 100, 300 and 600 MHz, the overall impedance characteristic is flat and low.
Fig. 5 indicates the measured receiving pattern of the preferred embodiment of this invention. Measurements were performed at 100 MHz intervals in the range from 100 MHz to 700 MHz. At all frequencies, an essentially figure 8 pattern was obtained, thus verifying the '-' 2111604 broadband property of an antenna in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 6 indicates gain enhancement by providing a transistor circuit at the feeding point to comprise an active system for an antenna in accordance with this invention. In the figure, frequency is shown on the horizontal axis and gain on the vertical axis. Gain without using the transistor is indicated by the 0 level on the vertical axis, in comparison with this, gain improvement of 15 dB can be obtained in the range from 90 MHz to 770 MHz.
The foregoing description referred to an embodiment as a receiving antenna, however this invention is also applicable to a transmitting antenna.
INDUSTRIAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antenna used for land mobile and portable communications, in addition to a wire antenna or printed antenna used for radio and television receiver.
PRIOR ART
The coplanar line type antenna is known as an antenna usable in the above mentioned applications. An example is indicated in Japanese Patent Appln. No.1988-133963 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No.1989-300701) and constructed as shown in Fig. 7.
In Fig. 7, reference 11 is the coplanar line comprising a central conductor lla and a pair of grounding conductors llb and llb mutually connected by a shorting wire 12. A slot 13 is formed between these conductors lla and llb, wherein an electric field E is excited between the conductors lla and llb.
This antenna uses a coplanar line as a feed line so as not to generate spurious radiation from the feed line, while generating an electromagnetic field from the electric field produced in the slot.
Conventionally, a structure such as indicated in Fig. 8 was used in order to expand the frequency bandwidth wire antenna. A coaxial feed line is co~posed by combining a grounding conductor 21 and a conductor 22.
By embedding dielectric rods 23 in the portions of the conductor 22 functioning as antenna elements and dividing the conductor 22, spaces 24 having a capacitor function are produced ("Electronics Letters" Volume 8 Number 6, March 1972, pages 148 - 149).
PROBLEMS ADDRESSED BY THE INVENTION
In the prior art example indicated in Fig. 7, when forming the slot circuit in order to obtain the desired radiation pattern and polarization, difficulties occur in '- 2lll6o~
the arrangement of the central and grounding conductor, in addition to use it as an array antenna element.
Since the capacitance in the embodiment indicated in Fig. 8 can not be made very large, there is limitation in the extension of bandwidth of the antenna. In the conventional rod antenna, improving input impedance matching by installing a series or parallel reactance circuit of a desired construction midway or at the end of the antenna is difficult from the viewpoint of mechanical strength.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a broadband coplanar line type antenna possessing the desired radiation characteristics.
MEASURES TO RESOLVING THE PROBLEMS
For the purpose of achieving the above objective, this invention provides a coplanar line fed antenna comprising:
a coplanar line functioning as a feed line consisting of a central conductor and two grounding conductors fabricated by such means as printing on one face of a dielectric film and, conductors functioning as antenna elements coupled with the coplanar line fabricated by printing on one or both faces of the dielectric film.
The feeding point of antenna element and the feed line end are arranged in close proximity and active circuit elements are installed in spaces between them, thereby forming a coplanar line fed active antenna.
The coplanar line fed antenna can be inductance loaded by forming the antenna element conductors on one face of the film in a spiral or meander shape.
Similarly, the coplanar line fed antenna can also be capacitance loaded by arranging the antenna element conductors of both sides of-the film so as to slightly overlap.
- ' 2 ~ ~ ~
OPERATION
A feed line comprising a coplanar center conductor and two grounding conductors i~ fabricated on one face of a dielectric film by printing techniques. Also, on one side or both sides of the dielectric film, antenna elements connected to the coplanar line are fabricated by printing techniques. The resulting antenna has the radiation characteristics determined by the configuration of antenna elements.
Also, the feeding point and the feed line end of the antenna elements are in close proximity, and by intervening active elements between them, an active element operation type antenna is obtained.
In addition, by constructing coils or capacitors of lS a desired form in the antenna elements, a broadband antenna can be attained.
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, in accordance with this invention, since a feed line comprisinq a coplanar center conductor and two grounding conductors, as well as antenna conductors connected to the coplanar line are fabricated on the surfaces of a dielectric film, the desired radiation characteristics can be attained by selecting the antenna element configuration. Further, since the coplanar line is arranged on the dielectric film, an array antenna can be easily constructed or the electronic circuit can be directly connected to the coplanar line without coupling 108s.
In addition, since an active circuit is loaded between the antenna feeding point and the feed line end, a high qain antenna can be provided. In this case, special dc bias lead wires for the active circuit are not required.
Also, by deforming the antenna elements for obtaining coil or capacitance in order to improve the input impedance characteristics, a broadband antenna can be produced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 0~ THE DRAWINGS
211160~
Figs. la and lb show a preferred embodiment of this invention. Fig. la is a plane view and Fig. lb is a cross-section view along line A - A indicated in la;
Figs. 2 show an example of using a transistor circuit connected to the feeding point 1 of the Fig. 1 embodiment, Fig. 2a is a transister amplifier circuit and Fig. 2b shows the wiring arrangement;
Fig. 3 is a graph plotting the measured actual gain of the antenna in accordance with the preferred embodiment. The actual gain is expressed in value relative to the gain of halfwave dipole antenna;
Fig. 4 is a graph plotting the frequency characteristics of measured input resistance Rin and reactance Xin at the feeding point of the antenna in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 5 is a graph plotting the measured receiving pattern of the antenna in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a graph plotting gain enhancement by using a transistor circuit to compose an active system for an antenna in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 7 shows a conventional coplanar line type antenna; and Fig. 8 shows a conventional technique of expanding the bandwidth of wire antenna.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A preferred embodiment of this invention is indicated by Figs. la and lb. In Fig. la, reference 1 is a feeding point of the antenna elements. At this feeding point, the antenna elements and the feed line are coupled either directly or electromagnetically.
Fig. lb is a cut away cross section view of the antenna element portion along line A - A of Fig. la. The conductors 9 comprising the antenna elements and feed line are inserted between the layers of the three layer dielectric film.
21116~ 4 In the case indicated in the figures, the antenna elements extend oppositely in left and right directions, and each is provided with a coil portion 2 and a capacitor portion 3. Each coil portion 2 is located toward the feeding point 1, while each capacitor portion is located toward the end. The coil portion 2 is wound in a flat rectangular spiral form on one face of the dielectric film; one end is connected to the feed point and the other end is connected to the capacitor portion 3.
The capacitor portion 3 comprises a conductor formed on the opposite face of the dielectric film from the coil portion 2 and a conductor formed on the same face as the coil portion 2, thereby straddling the film. In the embodiment shown in the figure, three capacitors are connected in series.
The feed line comprises a center conductor 4a formed on one face of the dielectric film and a pair of grounding conductors 4b arranged on both sides of it, thereby forming a coplanar line. The center conductor 4a and one of the grounding conductors 4b can also be used as a dc bias supply line 6. In this case, the signal is transferred via a capacitor 8 formed between a conductor 7 arranged on the other face of the dielectric film.
Figs. 2a and 2b indicate an example of a transistor circuit connected to the feeding point 1 of Figs. la and lb. As indicated by Fig. 2a, the base B of a transistor Tr is connected to one of the antenna elements a, the emitter E is connected to the other antenna element b and one end of the coplanar line grounding conductors 4b, and the collector C is connected to one end of the center conductor 4a.
The other end of the center conductor 4a is connected via a dc cutting capacitor 8 to one output terminal 7 and the other end of the grounding conductor 4b is connected to the other output terminal. Resistance Rb is connected between the collector C and the base B of --- 2lll6o 4 transistor Tr and a series circuit comprising a resistance Rp and a power supply Vcc i~ connected between the center conductor 4a and grounding conductor 4b.
Fig. 2b indicates the connection status of the transistor Tr with the antenna elements a and b, and the conductors 4a and 4b. The antenna elements a and b are arranged in a straight line with a slight spacing between them and with this spacing in proximity to the upper end of the coplanar line. The base B of transistor Tr is connected to the antenna element b, the emitter E is connected to the antenna element b and the coplanar grounding conductor 4b, and the collector C is connected to the center conductor 4a. The transistor Tr can be a disc type with the body connecting a chip resistor Rb between base B and connector C (not shown in the figure).
Fig. 3 is a graph of the actual gain of an embodiment of this invention expressed in value relative to the gain of a halfwave dipole antenna. The frequency range from below 100 MHz to 800 MHz is indicated by the horizontal axis, while the gain is shown by the vertical axis. According to the graph, gain exists from about 200 MHz to 600 MXz. High gain of about 10 dB is obtained in the range of from 300 MHz to 600 MHz.
Fig. 4 indicates the input resistance Rin and reactance Xin at the feeding point with respect to the frequency. In the same manner as Fig. 3, the frequency range from below 100 M~z to 800 MHz is shown on the horizontal axis and the impedance on the vertical axis.
Although exceptional values are shown at the frequencies of 100, 300 and 600 MHz, the overall impedance characteristic is flat and low.
Fig. 5 indicates the measured receiving pattern of the preferred embodiment of this invention. Measurements were performed at 100 MHz intervals in the range from 100 MHz to 700 MHz. At all frequencies, an essentially figure 8 pattern was obtained, thus verifying the '-' 2111604 broadband property of an antenna in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 6 indicates gain enhancement by providing a transistor circuit at the feeding point to comprise an active system for an antenna in accordance with this invention. In the figure, frequency is shown on the horizontal axis and gain on the vertical axis. Gain without using the transistor is indicated by the 0 level on the vertical axis, in comparison with this, gain improvement of 15 dB can be obtained in the range from 90 MHz to 770 MHz.
The foregoing description referred to an embodiment as a receiving antenna, however this invention is also applicable to a transmitting antenna.
Claims (4)
1. A coplanar line fed antenna comprising:
a coplanar line functioning as a feed line comprising a center conductor and two grounding conductors fabricated by printing on one face of a dielectric film; and, conductors functioning as antenna elements coupled with said coplanar line provided by printing on one side or both sides of said dielectric film.
a coplanar line functioning as a feed line comprising a center conductor and two grounding conductors fabricated by printing on one face of a dielectric film; and, conductors functioning as antenna elements coupled with said coplanar line provided by printing on one side or both sides of said dielectric film.
2. A coplanar line fed antenna in accordance with Claim 1 wherein the feeding point of said antenna elements and the end of said feed line are arranged in proximity and further comprising active elements arranged in the space between the feeding point and the end of said feed line for active operation.
3. A coplanar line fed antenna in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said antenna elements are inductance loaded by means of winding the conductor on one side of said film in a spiral or meandering pattern to impart a coil function.
4. A coplanar line feed antenna in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said antenna elements are capacitance loaded by means of arranging the conductors on both sides of said film with a slight overlap so as to impart a capacitor function.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17326993A JPH0730320A (en) | 1993-07-13 | 1993-07-13 | Coplanar line feed antenna |
| JP173269/1993 | 1993-07-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2111604A1 CA2111604A1 (en) | 1995-01-14 |
| CA2111604C true CA2111604C (en) | 1998-06-09 |
Family
ID=15957324
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2111604 Expired - Fee Related CA2111604C (en) | 1993-07-13 | 1993-12-16 | Coplanar line fed antenna |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0730320A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2111604C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3670987B2 (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2005-07-13 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | ANTENNA UNIT AND COMPUTER TERMINAL HAVING THE SAME |
| JP2009118406A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-28 | Toshiba Corp | Antenna device, radio tag reader, and article management system |
-
1993
- 1993-07-13 JP JP17326993A patent/JPH0730320A/en active Pending
- 1993-12-16 CA CA 2111604 patent/CA2111604C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0730320A (en) | 1995-01-31 |
| CA2111604A1 (en) | 1995-01-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |