CA2098217A1 - Method for removing soluble benzene from effluent water - Google Patents
Method for removing soluble benzene from effluent waterInfo
- Publication number
- CA2098217A1 CA2098217A1 CA002098217A CA2098217A CA2098217A1 CA 2098217 A1 CA2098217 A1 CA 2098217A1 CA 002098217 A CA002098217 A CA 002098217A CA 2098217 A CA2098217 A CA 2098217A CA 2098217 A1 CA2098217 A1 CA 2098217A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- demulsifier
- benzene
- oil
- effluent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- LVYZJEPLMYTTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum chloride pentahydroxide dihydrate Chemical compound [Cl-].[Al+3].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].O.O LVYZJEPLMYTTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/26—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/908—Organic
- Y10S210/909—Aromatic compound, e.g. pcb, phenol
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Disclosed are methods for removing benzene from hydrocarbon process waters. These methods comprise adding aluminum chlorohydrate to the water and then separating the benzene by physical means.
Disclosed are methods for removing benzene from hydrocarbon process waters. These methods comprise adding aluminum chlorohydrate to the water and then separating the benzene by physical means.
Description
METHOD FOR REMOVING SOLUBLE BENZENE
FROM EFFLUENT WATER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for removing -~
nonionic water soluble species, such as benzene, from water.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crude oil desalting is a common emulsion breaking method where an emulsion is first intentionally formed. Water is added in an amount of approximately 5% to 10% by volume of crude. The added water is intimately mixed with the crude oil to contact the impurities therein thereby transferring these impurities into the water phase of the emulsion. The emulsion is usually resolved with the assistance of emulsion breaking chemicals, characteris-tically surfactants, and by the known method of providing an electrical field to polarize the water droplets. Once the emulsion is broken, the water and petroleum media form distinct phases. The water phase is separated from the petroleum phase :... , . . . . ~
FROM EFFLUENT WATER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for removing -~
nonionic water soluble species, such as benzene, from water.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crude oil desalting is a common emulsion breaking method where an emulsion is first intentionally formed. Water is added in an amount of approximately 5% to 10% by volume of crude. The added water is intimately mixed with the crude oil to contact the impurities therein thereby transferring these impurities into the water phase of the emulsion. The emulsion is usually resolved with the assistance of emulsion breaking chemicals, characteris-tically surfactants, and by the known method of providing an electrical field to polarize the water droplets. Once the emulsion is broken, the water and petroleum media form distinct phases. The water phase is separated from the petroleum phase :... , . . . . ~
-2- ~
20982~.7 and subsequently removed from the desalter. The petroleum phase is directed further downstream for processing through the refinery operation.
-The water phase, an effluent brine, will contain the salts removed from the petroleum charge. Also present in the desalter effluent brine will be organic species. The insoluble species can be removed by traditional means (e.g., chemical flocculants), but significantly soluble species, such as benzene, still remain. Because benzene is a volatile organic carcinogea ~ -its content in wastewater is restricted by environmental regulations. Accordingly, the effluent brine typically must be treated to reduce the amount of benzene to acceptable levels for disposal. Other effluent waters include sour water stripper effluent, crude tower overhead, condensate water, crude oil and fuel tank settling draws, various petrochemical process effluent waters, or any water that has come in contact with an organic fluid where that portion of the organic fluid which has dissolved in the water must be removed.
This invention particularly applies to those organic species which are nonionic, that is, not ionizable acids or bases,-and therefore relatively unaffected by pH, but are polar enough to have significant solubility in water. Species such as these which are also relatively volatile and/or carcinogenic, such as benzene, are of particular concern.
' ' ~-:::
~: , , . : -:
2 0 9 8 2 ~ 7 The present inventor discovered that appropriate treat-ments of effluent water can desolubilize the benzene and increase the amount removed by traditional techniques, such as extraction, stripping, and distillation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION -The present invention relates to methods for removing soluble organic species from water. These methods are particu.
larly effective at removing nonionic species like benzene. The treatment is the addition of aluminum chlorohydrate to the brine followed by solvent extraction, gas sparging or distillation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
U.S. Patent No. 4,800,039 teaches of a composition for reducing turbidity in aqueous systems comprising aluminum chloro-hydrate and either of a water-soluble polyamine or a water-soluble C1 to C8 dialkyl diallyl ammonium polymer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been discovered that the efficiency of the removal of benzene from an effluent water can be enhanced by the addition ~,",,, ", . ..
i"ji ':'"' ., ' ' '' '"': ~ ' ~ , " ,' ' :,, .,, ^, , , ,: . ~ , , , ~
-4~
2 0 9 8 2 ~ 7 of aluminum chlorohydrate. The aluminum chlorohydrate is blended with the effluent to desolubilize nonionic organic species. This ~
salting out effect has been shown to vary with the crystallographic -radius of the ions. The smaller the ion the more it salts out.
As the ions get bigger, at some point, they start "salting in", i.e. making organic compounds more soluble in water. As anions go, F- is the smallest, but fluoride salts are toxic. The OH- anion is somewhat larger but still smaller than C1~. However, alkaline metal and alkaline earth hydroxides are not only corrosive, but create soluble salts of organic acids. Salts compatible with and often used in water treatment, such as FeC12, AlC13, and A12(S04)3 have large ions that do not salt out sufficiently.
Aluminum chlorohydrate, A12Cl(OH)5, is pH neutral, compatible with water treatment, and has mostly small OH- anions that salt out effectively.
An oil-in-water flocculant or reverse breaker, such as poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) can then be used, in a known manner, to coagulate the dispersed oil. The resultant floc can then be easily removed. A significant portion of the benzene originally dissolved in the water is removed with the floc.
-Subsequently, additional benzene can be removed from theeffluent by solvent extraction or sparging (stripping) with a gas.
The amount of additional benzene which is removed in such a process is increased from that normally seen by the presence of the alumi-num chlorohydrate in the water. The speed or throughput of a .
~ .`.,. : . ' , : .: , ' ' :
ii tj'~, -5- ~
2098~7 solvent extraction phase can be enhanced by the addition of oil-in-water demulsifiers such as Embreak ~ 2Wll9, available from Betz Process Chemicals, the Woodlands, Texas, in a known manner.
The effluents which are treated range in temperature from 0F to about 300 F.
The aluminum chlorohydrate may be added to the effluent in an amount ranging from 20 parts to about 100,000 parts per million.
Economical treatments to remove adequate benzene would typical]y be in the 10 to 1000 ppm range. The aluminum chlorohydrate can be added to the effluent as a solution in water.
The data set forth below were developed and demonstrate the unexpected results occasioned by use of the invention. The follow-ing examples are included as being illustrations of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
Examples ..
The removal of benzene from the desalter effluent brine in a working petroleum refinery was studied. Benzene removal by oil washing (solvent extraction) with and without the addition of alumi-num chlorohydrate was studied. Practical temperatures t250F at treatment point, 80F at extraction), residence times (20 minutes), mixing action (high shear), and chemical dosages (less than about 50 ppm active per brine volume) were used to emulate real world conditions.
.
The results of this testing are reported in Table I.
TABLE I
Treatment(ppm) Active Benzene % Removal % Reduction Al2Cl(H)s 1 2 (ppm) from in RB EB Original Residual O O 0 2.7 86.4 0 7.5 2.2 88.9 18.5 31.25 6.25 0 2.0 89.9 25.9 * in water. With no gas oil washing, level was 19.8 ppm 1 Reverse (oil-in-water) emulsion breaker, Poly(DADMAC) .
2 Primary (water-in-oil) emulsion breaker, alkoxylated alkylphenolic resin .~.: ~:
The data indicate that adding increased amounts of -~
aluminum chlorohydrate (Al2Cl(OH)5) to a refinery crude oil desalter effluent brine prior to extracting it with light hydro-carbon gas oil increased the amounts of benzene in the extracting oil phase. ~-~
Although only tested above in conjunction with a floc-.
culant, the addition of 1200 ppm aluminum chlorohydrate alone~to a :::
clear solution of effluent from a coal min;ng process containing - . ~:
.. . .
...:.
.
~7~ 2093217 trace hydraulic oil compounds caused that solution to become visibly cloudy. The addition of flocculants alone to this effluent, or of aluminum chlorohydrate to tap water, did not result in any visible desolubilization.
The same desolubilization effect noted above also lowers the latent energy of evaporation, and has improved the efficiency of benzene strippers used to sparge volatile organics from ethylene plant effluent water.
While this invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of this invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The appended claims and this invention generally should be construed to cover all such obvious forms and modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
20982~.7 and subsequently removed from the desalter. The petroleum phase is directed further downstream for processing through the refinery operation.
-The water phase, an effluent brine, will contain the salts removed from the petroleum charge. Also present in the desalter effluent brine will be organic species. The insoluble species can be removed by traditional means (e.g., chemical flocculants), but significantly soluble species, such as benzene, still remain. Because benzene is a volatile organic carcinogea ~ -its content in wastewater is restricted by environmental regulations. Accordingly, the effluent brine typically must be treated to reduce the amount of benzene to acceptable levels for disposal. Other effluent waters include sour water stripper effluent, crude tower overhead, condensate water, crude oil and fuel tank settling draws, various petrochemical process effluent waters, or any water that has come in contact with an organic fluid where that portion of the organic fluid which has dissolved in the water must be removed.
This invention particularly applies to those organic species which are nonionic, that is, not ionizable acids or bases,-and therefore relatively unaffected by pH, but are polar enough to have significant solubility in water. Species such as these which are also relatively volatile and/or carcinogenic, such as benzene, are of particular concern.
' ' ~-:::
~: , , . : -:
2 0 9 8 2 ~ 7 The present inventor discovered that appropriate treat-ments of effluent water can desolubilize the benzene and increase the amount removed by traditional techniques, such as extraction, stripping, and distillation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION -The present invention relates to methods for removing soluble organic species from water. These methods are particu.
larly effective at removing nonionic species like benzene. The treatment is the addition of aluminum chlorohydrate to the brine followed by solvent extraction, gas sparging or distillation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
U.S. Patent No. 4,800,039 teaches of a composition for reducing turbidity in aqueous systems comprising aluminum chloro-hydrate and either of a water-soluble polyamine or a water-soluble C1 to C8 dialkyl diallyl ammonium polymer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been discovered that the efficiency of the removal of benzene from an effluent water can be enhanced by the addition ~,",,, ", . ..
i"ji ':'"' ., ' ' '' '"': ~ ' ~ , " ,' ' :,, .,, ^, , , ,: . ~ , , , ~
-4~
2 0 9 8 2 ~ 7 of aluminum chlorohydrate. The aluminum chlorohydrate is blended with the effluent to desolubilize nonionic organic species. This ~
salting out effect has been shown to vary with the crystallographic -radius of the ions. The smaller the ion the more it salts out.
As the ions get bigger, at some point, they start "salting in", i.e. making organic compounds more soluble in water. As anions go, F- is the smallest, but fluoride salts are toxic. The OH- anion is somewhat larger but still smaller than C1~. However, alkaline metal and alkaline earth hydroxides are not only corrosive, but create soluble salts of organic acids. Salts compatible with and often used in water treatment, such as FeC12, AlC13, and A12(S04)3 have large ions that do not salt out sufficiently.
Aluminum chlorohydrate, A12Cl(OH)5, is pH neutral, compatible with water treatment, and has mostly small OH- anions that salt out effectively.
An oil-in-water flocculant or reverse breaker, such as poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) can then be used, in a known manner, to coagulate the dispersed oil. The resultant floc can then be easily removed. A significant portion of the benzene originally dissolved in the water is removed with the floc.
-Subsequently, additional benzene can be removed from theeffluent by solvent extraction or sparging (stripping) with a gas.
The amount of additional benzene which is removed in such a process is increased from that normally seen by the presence of the alumi-num chlorohydrate in the water. The speed or throughput of a .
~ .`.,. : . ' , : .: , ' ' :
ii tj'~, -5- ~
2098~7 solvent extraction phase can be enhanced by the addition of oil-in-water demulsifiers such as Embreak ~ 2Wll9, available from Betz Process Chemicals, the Woodlands, Texas, in a known manner.
The effluents which are treated range in temperature from 0F to about 300 F.
The aluminum chlorohydrate may be added to the effluent in an amount ranging from 20 parts to about 100,000 parts per million.
Economical treatments to remove adequate benzene would typical]y be in the 10 to 1000 ppm range. The aluminum chlorohydrate can be added to the effluent as a solution in water.
The data set forth below were developed and demonstrate the unexpected results occasioned by use of the invention. The follow-ing examples are included as being illustrations of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
Examples ..
The removal of benzene from the desalter effluent brine in a working petroleum refinery was studied. Benzene removal by oil washing (solvent extraction) with and without the addition of alumi-num chlorohydrate was studied. Practical temperatures t250F at treatment point, 80F at extraction), residence times (20 minutes), mixing action (high shear), and chemical dosages (less than about 50 ppm active per brine volume) were used to emulate real world conditions.
.
The results of this testing are reported in Table I.
TABLE I
Treatment(ppm) Active Benzene % Removal % Reduction Al2Cl(H)s 1 2 (ppm) from in RB EB Original Residual O O 0 2.7 86.4 0 7.5 2.2 88.9 18.5 31.25 6.25 0 2.0 89.9 25.9 * in water. With no gas oil washing, level was 19.8 ppm 1 Reverse (oil-in-water) emulsion breaker, Poly(DADMAC) .
2 Primary (water-in-oil) emulsion breaker, alkoxylated alkylphenolic resin .~.: ~:
The data indicate that adding increased amounts of -~
aluminum chlorohydrate (Al2Cl(OH)5) to a refinery crude oil desalter effluent brine prior to extracting it with light hydro-carbon gas oil increased the amounts of benzene in the extracting oil phase. ~-~
Although only tested above in conjunction with a floc-.
culant, the addition of 1200 ppm aluminum chlorohydrate alone~to a :::
clear solution of effluent from a coal min;ng process containing - . ~:
.. . .
...:.
.
~7~ 2093217 trace hydraulic oil compounds caused that solution to become visibly cloudy. The addition of flocculants alone to this effluent, or of aluminum chlorohydrate to tap water, did not result in any visible desolubilization.
The same desolubilization effect noted above also lowers the latent energy of evaporation, and has improved the efficiency of benzene strippers used to sparge volatile organics from ethylene plant effluent water.
While this invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of this invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The appended claims and this invention generally should be construed to cover all such obvious forms and modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method of removing soluble benzene from hydrocarbon process effluent water comprising contacting the water with a sufficient amount of aluminum chlorohydrate; and thereafter extracting or distilling the water or separating the insoluble species from the water for the purpose of reducing said benzene from the water.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said aluminum chlorohydrate is added to said brine in an amount ranging from about 10 parts to about 200,000 parts per million parts brine.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said extraction is with a hydrocarbon solvent.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said extraction is by stripping or sparging with gas or vapors.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said extraction of said insoluble species is by settling or centrifugation.
6. The method as claimed in claim 3 wherein a demulsifier is employed with said hydrocarbon solvent.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein a demulsifier is employed to speed said settling.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said demulsifier is an oil-in-water demulsifier.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said demulsifier is a water-in-oil demulsifier.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein said oil-in-water demulsifier is poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride).
11. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said water-in-oil demulsifier is an alkoxylated alkyphenolic resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/066,837 US5282974A (en) | 1993-05-24 | 1993-05-24 | Method for removing soluble benzene from effluent water |
| US066,837 | 1993-05-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2098217A1 true CA2098217A1 (en) | 1994-11-25 |
Family
ID=22072030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002098217A Abandoned CA2098217A1 (en) | 1993-05-24 | 1993-06-11 | Method for removing soluble benzene from effluent water |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5282974A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2098217A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2126889C (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 2005-06-14 | Paul R. Hart | Method of breaking reverse emulsions in a crude oil desalting system |
| US5628906A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1997-05-13 | The Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Extraction process |
| US5830388A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1998-11-03 | American Envirocare, Inc. | Coagulating and flocculating agent and method for making it |
| US5693216A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-02 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Method of and composition for breaking oil and water emulsions in crude oil processing operations |
| US6159374A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 2000-12-12 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Softened brine treatment of crude oil |
| US6100439A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-08-08 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Styrene caustic wash extraction aid |
| US6695968B2 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2004-02-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Removal of water solubilized organics |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4746457A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1988-05-24 | Calgon Corporation | Flocculation of suspended solids from aqueous solutions |
| US5015391A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1991-05-14 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Silicate coagulant aid for treatment of oily wastewaters |
| US5167830A (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1992-12-01 | Diversey Corporation | Dicyanadiamide formaldehyde paint detackifier |
| US5076939A (en) * | 1991-05-02 | 1991-12-31 | Calgon Corporation | Method for detackification of paint spray operation wastes |
-
1993
- 1993-05-24 US US08/066,837 patent/US5282974A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-11 CA CA002098217A patent/CA2098217A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5282974A (en) | 1994-02-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |