CA2089331A1 - Sealing sheeting of swellable clay impervious to water and/or oil - Google Patents
Sealing sheeting of swellable clay impervious to water and/or oilInfo
- Publication number
- CA2089331A1 CA2089331A1 CA002089331A CA2089331A CA2089331A1 CA 2089331 A1 CA2089331 A1 CA 2089331A1 CA 002089331 A CA002089331 A CA 002089331A CA 2089331 A CA2089331 A CA 2089331A CA 2089331 A1 CA2089331 A1 CA 2089331A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- sheeting
- woven
- bentonite
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229940106135 cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 87
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N dextrin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002900 methylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/004—Sealing liners
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The invention provides sealing sheeting of swellable clay impervious to water and/or oil which essentially consist of a porous material, in whose pores swellable clay is lodged and which on either side are provided with covering layers, of which at least one consists of a water-soluble coating. Such sealing sheeting has water permeability coefficients in its overlap joins which are of the same order as in the sealing sheeting it-self. Furthermore in situ needle punching of the overlapped join is possi-ble in order to produce a strong composite structure providing that one overlapped join is produced by sealing sheeting, which has a non-woven material as a porous substrate material.
Description
~8~33~
Naue-9 Sealing sheeting of swellable Clay impervious to Water and/or Oil.
The invention relates to seallng sheeting impervious to water and/or oil and consisting essentially of a layer of swellable clay provided with covering layers.
Such sealing sheeting is known, see the European patent publication 0 059 625, in the case of which a flexible substrate layer bears a benton-ite layer, on which there may be in turn a covering layer. All three lay-ers, that is to say, the substrate layer, which may be a non-woven materi-al, the bentonite layer and the covering layer, which may be sheeting whose composition is not described in detail, are joined together by means of an adhesive. In the case of such a product the substrate layer and the cover-ing layer are only connected together by means of the bentonite layer with the result when it is used, the bond is released by wetting of the benton-ite layer, and there is no permanent join betw0en substrate layer and the covering layer. This is someth1ng which makes itself more particularly felt when the sheetlng is employed for 1ts 1ntended purpose because the bentonite layer in contact with water swells in all directions to a sub-stantial degree and in this case a bentonite layer will act like a lubri-cant film between the substrate layer and the covering layer, this being more particularly a disadvantage in the case of laying such sealing sheet-ing on embankments.
In order to overcome the main disadvantage of this sealing sheeting material the applicant has already developed sealing sheeting, which is described in its German patent specification 3,704,503. This sealing shee-ting consists essentially of a substrate layer, a layer of swellable clay and a covering layer, the substrate and/or covering layers consisting of a non-woven material and the layer, which possibly does not consist of a non-woven material, consists of a woven or knitted fabric or a synthetic resin film, all three layers being needle punched together. In the case of such sealing sheets the substrate layer and the covering layer remain permanent-ly connected together even after swelling of the swellable clay, the ben-tonite particles being trapped as in a cage by the fibers, which extend from the covering layer through the bentonite layer as far as the substrate layer and vice-versa. This ensures that during use of these sealing sheets . ~ , " ' .' ' ~Q8933~.
the moist bentonite layer is not able to function as a lubricant plane and there is a true transfer of transverse or shear forces from the covering layer to the substrate layer with the result that for instance on embank-ments there is no chance of slipping of the shielding layer consisting of gravel or, respectively, pebbles. Furthermore the said applicant's German patent specification 3,704,503 has already indicated that a reduction in the permeability to water of such sealing sheeting may be obtained if dur-ing production firstly a flour-like bentonite layer is applied to the sub-strate layer and if necessary is shaken and then, when this has been done, the granular bentonite is put on. Instead of shaking the flour-like ben-tonite into the substrate layer it is furthermore possible to so proceed that the substrate layer is firstly impregnated with an aqueous bentonite suspension or an aqueous bentonite paste is rolled on and then, after any necessary drying, the granular bentonite is applied. If desired it is possible for the covering layer, prior to the application thereof, to be also processed in the manner described like the substrate layer.
Despite this treatment and even if additionally the substrate and covering layers, pretreated with bentonite by shaking or impregnation, are employed, tests in the laboratory and field trials have shown that in the overlap joins, owing to fine-pored non-woven material placed in superposed relationship, it is not quite possible to achieve the same water permeabil-ity coefficlents as in the sealing sheeting itself. This is certainly owlng to the fact that the non-woven materlals are not completely filled wlth bentonlte, for lnstance s~nce a part of the incorporated finely pul-2S verulent bentonite falls out of the non-woven material during rolling up, warehousing, shlpping, unrolllng and laying. This is probably the reason as well that the above mentioned substrate layers and covering layers filled with bentonite by shaking or impregnation as a pretreatment are not as such able to completely fulfill the requirements stipulated for good sealing sheeting.
In order to overcome this disadvantage in the overlapping joins the applicant has already proposed a particular type of overlapped join, as described in the non-prior published German patent application P 41 22 992.4-25 (Naue-6), which howeverinvolves complex operations and meticulous care when overlapping, something that is not always possible under constru-ctional site conditions, as has been shown by experience.
Accordingly one object of the present invention is to provide sealing sheeting which renders it possible not only to reduce operations in con-junction with the very complex joining operations, which have to be per-formed with great care, but furthermore even to simplify them in principle, 2~8~33~
in which respect nevertheless the requirement as regards water permeability coefficients at the overlapped joins, which should be of the same order as in the sealing sheeting itself, and the requirement as regards transmission of shear or transverse forces are to be fulfilled.
This object is to be attained by the present invention since the porous substrate material with the swellable clay lodged in it is provided on both sides with covering layers, of which at least one covering layer consists of a water soluble coating.
In the case of the sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention the substrate material acts like a skeleton, which endows the wet bentonite layer formed in use with a high degree of strength and stability and on the one hand ensures that the moist bentonite layer does come to constitute a lubricant plane and on the other hand provides the desired transmission of shear forces. Since on laying the sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention it is always necessary to ensure that the overlapping sheets areso positioned that in all cases two water soluble covering layers come into contact with each other, there is furthermore a guarantee that the benton-ite layers of the overlapped sealing sheets develop such a zone of intimate contact with each other that the water permeability coefficients in the overlapped zone are of the same order of size as the water permeability coefficlents of the sealing sheeting itself. Owing to the fact that the bentonite layers are pract1cally placed d1rectly on top of each other, 1t is consequently unnecessary to use any complex joining technology, this meaning that there is a very great saving and simplification of the laying operations as regards the sealing sheeting on the constructional site.
In a case in which the porous substrate material is a non-woven mate-rial there is the additional advantage that the sealing sheeting in accor-dance with the invention may be needle punched in situ with the result that in the overlapping zone there is a positive join which ensures that there is no displacement of the non-woven material layers in the joins. The "in situ needle punching operation is described in the applicant's own prior patent application P 41 22 991.6-26.
The invention accordingly relates to sealing sheeting impervious to water and/or oil which essentially consists of a porous substrate material, in whose pores swellable clay is lodged and which is characterized in that the porous substrate material with the swellable clay lodged therein is provided on either side with covering layers of which at least one consists of a covering layer of a water soluble coating.
The swellable clay lodged in the pores is preferab1y a bentonite clay, i. e. a clay with a substantial to high content of smectite (montmor-,:
2~8~331 illonite), which is responsible for the properties, i. e. substantial tu-mescence, a high capacity to bind water, high plasticity. In order to obtain a highly tumescent or swellable active bentonite from alkaline earth bentonite, which is sparingly swellable in water, the alkaline earth ions of the bentonites are replaced by alkali metal ions, preferably sodium ones. As "highly swellable" active bentonite it is consequently preferred to use sodium bentonite with its greatly enhanced plasticity, viscosity, thixotropy and capacity to absorb water. It is particularly preferred to use naturally occurring sodium bentonites, more particularly those origi-nating from workings in Wyoming, USA.
The porous substrate material preferably consists of a non-woven material or of an open-pored synthetic resin foam.
Of the non-woven materials and the synthetic resin foams, which are at least so elastic that they can be rolled up, large-pored ones are pre-ferred. Such preferred synthetic resin foams include soft open- and large-pored polyurethane foams.
The non-woven materials utilized consist preferably of high quality synthetic resin fibers, more particularly polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacryl and/or polyamide fibers. For refuse tips it is more particularly preferred to use non-woven materials consisting high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene, which 1s rot-proof to be res1stant as regards all substances occurr1ng 1n the so11 and consequently may be shown to have an extremely long length of 11fe. The great tear res1stance there-of 1s respons1ble for substantial res1stance to mechanical stralns.
As regards their structure the non-woven materials utilized in the invent10n it is mainly a quest10n of spun fiber non-wovens mechanically consolidated by needle punching. They have such a structure that the curled, ~oined together fibers constitute a flat structure with innumerable labyrinth-like passages. The structure of the non-woven materlals may be made coarser or finer in accordance with the particular application with the result that optimum adaptation to the set requirements may be ensured.
The mechanical consolidation ensures a structure, which is of substantial significance for the purpose of the invention. And instead of non-woven materials mechanically consolidated by needle punching it is furthermore possible to employ non-woven materials, which have been mechanically con-solidated by stitching techniques or by turbulence, or such non-woven mate-rials, which are chemically consolidated.
In accordance with a preferred working embodiment of the invention the porous substrate material is a twin-layer non-woven material of a large-pored non-woven mater1al and a fine-pored non-woven material or a 2~8933~
fine mesh woven or knitted fabric or a film with extremely fine perfora-tions, such fine-pored non-woven material or such woven or knitted fabric or the film, constituting a covering layer.
Twin-layer composite non-woven materials able to be employed for the invention include for instance those which for some years have been sold by Naue-Fasertechnik, Germany, under the name of "TERRAFIX" as water-proof sheeting for construction purposes. The production width is as a rule 4.80 m and the length is 100 m. The one non-woven material layer consists of a filter layer (of fine-pored non-woven material) of polyester and a drain layer (of large-pored non-woven material) of polypropylene fibers. The fibers are purely mechanically joined together by needle punching. This twin-layer composite non-woven material functioning as a substrate layer has layer thickness of over 6.0 mm. The parameters for such a twin-layer composite non-woven material are indicated in the following table.
Table Twin-layer composite non-woven material Filter layer, me- Total Dra;n layer, mechan-chanically consoli- ;cally consolidated dated non-woven non-woven material material of ~pun PE~ of coarse PP fibers fiber Area woi0ht (g/mZ~ 250 1000 7~0 _ Thlckncss (DIN 53~55), 3 14 8 load applied 2 kN/mZ l Maximum ten~ile 7 strength, DIN 53857 Extension under max. 45 tensile strength, X
Effective interstitial D.9, corresponding D.46, corresponding pore width, mm to interstitial pore to an interstitial width of medium sand pore width of (dia. 0.4 mm) coarse sand or fine _ gravel ~dia. 2 mm) An other twin-layer composite non-woven material suitable for the purposes of the present invention can be so designed that a large-pored non-woven material is needle punched to a fabric, preferably a fine-mesh woven fabric or a knitted fabric, more particularly fine-mesh knitted fab-ric or a film with extremely fine perforations.
, ~ ' ' '' -' ~
.- :.
'; , '~. ': ' -;... ~ .;
2~33~.
For some particular applications it may be also an advantage to em-ploy a triple-layer composite non-woven material, which consists of two needle punched-together large-pored non-woven materials, between which layers there is a fine-mesh woven or knitted fabric or a film with extreme-ly fine perforations, which is incorporated by needle punching in the stru-cture. In such a case only the one large-pored non-woven material layer is filled with bentonite and then sealed with the water-soluble coating. The other, unfilled, large-pored non-woven material layer serves to allow for unevenness of the soil and to prevent slipping of the sealing sheeting after laying.
In the case of the sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention which has a twin-layer compound non-woven material or a triple-layer com-posite non-woven material, laying is performed in such a manner that the covering layer consisting of water-soluble coating is alternatingly under-neath and on top with the result that at the overlapped joins the coveringlayers of water-soluble coating are always in direct contact with each other. In order to prevent possible confusion during laying it has turned out to be particularly advantageous if either the water-soluble covering layer or however the fine-pored non-woven material, the woven or knitted fabr1c or film is colored.
It is an advantage if sealing sheeting having such "multi-layer com-pos1te non-woven materials" is so laid that f1rstly two webs of the sealing sheetlng are placed parallel to each other with an 1ntermediate clearance so that the water-soluble covering layer is on top and then a third web of the sealing sheeting is placed with the covering layer facing downwards on the bottom strip left exposed, the distance between the two first laid sealing webs being so selected that there is the desired width of overlap on either side.
In the case of application of sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention which bears the water-soluble coating on either side as a cover-ing layer, laying may be performed in a customary manner, since in the case of this sealing sheeting in all cases two covering layers of water-soluble coating will necessarily assume positions in contact with each other.
For the water-soluble covering layers it is in principle possible to utillze any system producing a water-soluble coating or one which may be decomposed by water. Such water-soluble coatings may be either purely inorganic or organic in nature.
Purely organic coatings, which may be employed in the present inven-tion, include coatings on a water-glass basis. Water-glass solutions in-clude for the present purposes aqueous solutions of an alkali metal sili-2~3~.
cate preferably sodium silicate. Such water-glass solution are commercial-ly available and on drying form the desired coating, it having proved to be particularly advantageous if bentonite, and more particularly sodium ben-tonite, is incorporated in such a water-glass. The mixing of the water-glass solution with the bentonite is best so performed that firstly anaqueous bentonite dispersion is prepared which is then mixed with the wa-ter-glass solution. The quantity of the bentonite to be incorporated is complete1y dependent on the viscosity with which the silicate solution is to be applied. In addition to low viscoslty compositions, compositions come into question which are pasty in nature and are applied with a blade or rolled on the surfaces to be sealed.
Of the possible coating substances it has been found to be more par tlcularly advantageous to use aqueous starch, dextrine, casein or gluten glues and furthermore celluloseether glues or cellulose ester glues and aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions. All the above mentioned aqueous sys-tems are best mixed with bentonite, like the aqueous water-glass solution, and preferably a sodium bentonite, the quantity of bentonite incorporated again being dependent on the desired viscosity.
Aqueous starch glues which are suitable include more particularly those on the basis of potato and corn starch. If desired such starch glues are employed in combination with casein solutions.
Like starch glues it is possible to use water-soluble dextrin glues, dextrines belng the products of thermal degradatlon of starches.
Caseln glues whlch are sultable lnclude more partlcularly those pre-pared from mllk protein. Moreover, lnstead of caseln glues it is possibleto employ so-called collagen produced from animal skins and bones for jel-lles and gluten glues.
Cellulose esters whlch are suitable more particularly include methyl-cellulose, which is utilized in aqueous solutions, for instance as wallpa-per glue.
Of the cellulose esters the acetate is more particularly to be noted,which with a degree of esterification of 0.6 to 0.9, corresponding to 18 to 26 % bound acetic acid, is soluble in water.
The water-so~uble coating systems preferred in accordance with the invention include those on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol. Of such polyvi-nyl alcohols naturally only those are preferred, which form aqueous solu-tlons and for example are employed for simple applications with paper.
Furthermore such aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions are preferably em-ployed mixed with bentonite.
If however relatively rapidly drying water-soluble coatings are to be 2 ~
obtained, it is best to refrain from using such additions of bentonite.
In order to produce the water-soluble covering layers in accordance with the invention use may be made of customary technologies, the coating compositions constituting the covering layers being sprayed, rolled on or applied with a blade or using some other knowr. method. Because the cover-ing layers are to dry relatively quickly, it is to be recommended to dry using jets of hot air or to move them past suitable heating elements, radi-ant heating devices for instance ensurlng a rapid drylng process.
In accordance with a preferred form of the invention both sides of the sealing sheeting are sealed with water-soluble coatings. In the case of the production of these sealing sheets it is possible to proceed in such a manner that firstly a large-pored non-woven material (which conveyed on a lower conveyor belt horizontally) has the bentonite powder strewn on it and shaken into it prior to being covered over by an upper conveyor belt.
The two conveyor belts are then run vertically upwards with the sealing webs between them, the two conveyor belts being bent at the same level to run downwards again. At this point the water-soluble coating is applied and then dried. The sealing web so obtained is then wound up as a roll for use thereof.
If in the manufacture of the sealing sheeting no "multi-layer compos-ite non-woven material" is utilized, it is necessary firstly to apply one of the two water-soluble covering layers on one side of the sealing web.
After sultable drylng such a web is then passed through a devlce on wh1ch bentonite powder is strewn downwards into the open pores of the substrate material and is then shaken to penetrate it. Following this the surface is sealed with the second water-soluble covering layer.
Naue-9 Sealing sheeting of swellable Clay impervious to Water and/or Oil.
The invention relates to seallng sheeting impervious to water and/or oil and consisting essentially of a layer of swellable clay provided with covering layers.
Such sealing sheeting is known, see the European patent publication 0 059 625, in the case of which a flexible substrate layer bears a benton-ite layer, on which there may be in turn a covering layer. All three lay-ers, that is to say, the substrate layer, which may be a non-woven materi-al, the bentonite layer and the covering layer, which may be sheeting whose composition is not described in detail, are joined together by means of an adhesive. In the case of such a product the substrate layer and the cover-ing layer are only connected together by means of the bentonite layer with the result when it is used, the bond is released by wetting of the benton-ite layer, and there is no permanent join betw0en substrate layer and the covering layer. This is someth1ng which makes itself more particularly felt when the sheetlng is employed for 1ts 1ntended purpose because the bentonite layer in contact with water swells in all directions to a sub-stantial degree and in this case a bentonite layer will act like a lubri-cant film between the substrate layer and the covering layer, this being more particularly a disadvantage in the case of laying such sealing sheet-ing on embankments.
In order to overcome the main disadvantage of this sealing sheeting material the applicant has already developed sealing sheeting, which is described in its German patent specification 3,704,503. This sealing shee-ting consists essentially of a substrate layer, a layer of swellable clay and a covering layer, the substrate and/or covering layers consisting of a non-woven material and the layer, which possibly does not consist of a non-woven material, consists of a woven or knitted fabric or a synthetic resin film, all three layers being needle punched together. In the case of such sealing sheets the substrate layer and the covering layer remain permanent-ly connected together even after swelling of the swellable clay, the ben-tonite particles being trapped as in a cage by the fibers, which extend from the covering layer through the bentonite layer as far as the substrate layer and vice-versa. This ensures that during use of these sealing sheets . ~ , " ' .' ' ~Q8933~.
the moist bentonite layer is not able to function as a lubricant plane and there is a true transfer of transverse or shear forces from the covering layer to the substrate layer with the result that for instance on embank-ments there is no chance of slipping of the shielding layer consisting of gravel or, respectively, pebbles. Furthermore the said applicant's German patent specification 3,704,503 has already indicated that a reduction in the permeability to water of such sealing sheeting may be obtained if dur-ing production firstly a flour-like bentonite layer is applied to the sub-strate layer and if necessary is shaken and then, when this has been done, the granular bentonite is put on. Instead of shaking the flour-like ben-tonite into the substrate layer it is furthermore possible to so proceed that the substrate layer is firstly impregnated with an aqueous bentonite suspension or an aqueous bentonite paste is rolled on and then, after any necessary drying, the granular bentonite is applied. If desired it is possible for the covering layer, prior to the application thereof, to be also processed in the manner described like the substrate layer.
Despite this treatment and even if additionally the substrate and covering layers, pretreated with bentonite by shaking or impregnation, are employed, tests in the laboratory and field trials have shown that in the overlap joins, owing to fine-pored non-woven material placed in superposed relationship, it is not quite possible to achieve the same water permeabil-ity coefficlents as in the sealing sheeting itself. This is certainly owlng to the fact that the non-woven materlals are not completely filled wlth bentonlte, for lnstance s~nce a part of the incorporated finely pul-2S verulent bentonite falls out of the non-woven material during rolling up, warehousing, shlpping, unrolllng and laying. This is probably the reason as well that the above mentioned substrate layers and covering layers filled with bentonite by shaking or impregnation as a pretreatment are not as such able to completely fulfill the requirements stipulated for good sealing sheeting.
In order to overcome this disadvantage in the overlapping joins the applicant has already proposed a particular type of overlapped join, as described in the non-prior published German patent application P 41 22 992.4-25 (Naue-6), which howeverinvolves complex operations and meticulous care when overlapping, something that is not always possible under constru-ctional site conditions, as has been shown by experience.
Accordingly one object of the present invention is to provide sealing sheeting which renders it possible not only to reduce operations in con-junction with the very complex joining operations, which have to be per-formed with great care, but furthermore even to simplify them in principle, 2~8~33~
in which respect nevertheless the requirement as regards water permeability coefficients at the overlapped joins, which should be of the same order as in the sealing sheeting itself, and the requirement as regards transmission of shear or transverse forces are to be fulfilled.
This object is to be attained by the present invention since the porous substrate material with the swellable clay lodged in it is provided on both sides with covering layers, of which at least one covering layer consists of a water soluble coating.
In the case of the sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention the substrate material acts like a skeleton, which endows the wet bentonite layer formed in use with a high degree of strength and stability and on the one hand ensures that the moist bentonite layer does come to constitute a lubricant plane and on the other hand provides the desired transmission of shear forces. Since on laying the sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention it is always necessary to ensure that the overlapping sheets areso positioned that in all cases two water soluble covering layers come into contact with each other, there is furthermore a guarantee that the benton-ite layers of the overlapped sealing sheets develop such a zone of intimate contact with each other that the water permeability coefficients in the overlapped zone are of the same order of size as the water permeability coefficlents of the sealing sheeting itself. Owing to the fact that the bentonite layers are pract1cally placed d1rectly on top of each other, 1t is consequently unnecessary to use any complex joining technology, this meaning that there is a very great saving and simplification of the laying operations as regards the sealing sheeting on the constructional site.
In a case in which the porous substrate material is a non-woven mate-rial there is the additional advantage that the sealing sheeting in accor-dance with the invention may be needle punched in situ with the result that in the overlapping zone there is a positive join which ensures that there is no displacement of the non-woven material layers in the joins. The "in situ needle punching operation is described in the applicant's own prior patent application P 41 22 991.6-26.
The invention accordingly relates to sealing sheeting impervious to water and/or oil which essentially consists of a porous substrate material, in whose pores swellable clay is lodged and which is characterized in that the porous substrate material with the swellable clay lodged therein is provided on either side with covering layers of which at least one consists of a covering layer of a water soluble coating.
The swellable clay lodged in the pores is preferab1y a bentonite clay, i. e. a clay with a substantial to high content of smectite (montmor-,:
2~8~331 illonite), which is responsible for the properties, i. e. substantial tu-mescence, a high capacity to bind water, high plasticity. In order to obtain a highly tumescent or swellable active bentonite from alkaline earth bentonite, which is sparingly swellable in water, the alkaline earth ions of the bentonites are replaced by alkali metal ions, preferably sodium ones. As "highly swellable" active bentonite it is consequently preferred to use sodium bentonite with its greatly enhanced plasticity, viscosity, thixotropy and capacity to absorb water. It is particularly preferred to use naturally occurring sodium bentonites, more particularly those origi-nating from workings in Wyoming, USA.
The porous substrate material preferably consists of a non-woven material or of an open-pored synthetic resin foam.
Of the non-woven materials and the synthetic resin foams, which are at least so elastic that they can be rolled up, large-pored ones are pre-ferred. Such preferred synthetic resin foams include soft open- and large-pored polyurethane foams.
The non-woven materials utilized consist preferably of high quality synthetic resin fibers, more particularly polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacryl and/or polyamide fibers. For refuse tips it is more particularly preferred to use non-woven materials consisting high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene, which 1s rot-proof to be res1stant as regards all substances occurr1ng 1n the so11 and consequently may be shown to have an extremely long length of 11fe. The great tear res1stance there-of 1s respons1ble for substantial res1stance to mechanical stralns.
As regards their structure the non-woven materials utilized in the invent10n it is mainly a quest10n of spun fiber non-wovens mechanically consolidated by needle punching. They have such a structure that the curled, ~oined together fibers constitute a flat structure with innumerable labyrinth-like passages. The structure of the non-woven materlals may be made coarser or finer in accordance with the particular application with the result that optimum adaptation to the set requirements may be ensured.
The mechanical consolidation ensures a structure, which is of substantial significance for the purpose of the invention. And instead of non-woven materials mechanically consolidated by needle punching it is furthermore possible to employ non-woven materials, which have been mechanically con-solidated by stitching techniques or by turbulence, or such non-woven mate-rials, which are chemically consolidated.
In accordance with a preferred working embodiment of the invention the porous substrate material is a twin-layer non-woven material of a large-pored non-woven mater1al and a fine-pored non-woven material or a 2~8933~
fine mesh woven or knitted fabric or a film with extremely fine perfora-tions, such fine-pored non-woven material or such woven or knitted fabric or the film, constituting a covering layer.
Twin-layer composite non-woven materials able to be employed for the invention include for instance those which for some years have been sold by Naue-Fasertechnik, Germany, under the name of "TERRAFIX" as water-proof sheeting for construction purposes. The production width is as a rule 4.80 m and the length is 100 m. The one non-woven material layer consists of a filter layer (of fine-pored non-woven material) of polyester and a drain layer (of large-pored non-woven material) of polypropylene fibers. The fibers are purely mechanically joined together by needle punching. This twin-layer composite non-woven material functioning as a substrate layer has layer thickness of over 6.0 mm. The parameters for such a twin-layer composite non-woven material are indicated in the following table.
Table Twin-layer composite non-woven material Filter layer, me- Total Dra;n layer, mechan-chanically consoli- ;cally consolidated dated non-woven non-woven material material of ~pun PE~ of coarse PP fibers fiber Area woi0ht (g/mZ~ 250 1000 7~0 _ Thlckncss (DIN 53~55), 3 14 8 load applied 2 kN/mZ l Maximum ten~ile 7 strength, DIN 53857 Extension under max. 45 tensile strength, X
Effective interstitial D.9, corresponding D.46, corresponding pore width, mm to interstitial pore to an interstitial width of medium sand pore width of (dia. 0.4 mm) coarse sand or fine _ gravel ~dia. 2 mm) An other twin-layer composite non-woven material suitable for the purposes of the present invention can be so designed that a large-pored non-woven material is needle punched to a fabric, preferably a fine-mesh woven fabric or a knitted fabric, more particularly fine-mesh knitted fab-ric or a film with extremely fine perforations.
, ~ ' ' '' -' ~
.- :.
'; , '~. ': ' -;... ~ .;
2~33~.
For some particular applications it may be also an advantage to em-ploy a triple-layer composite non-woven material, which consists of two needle punched-together large-pored non-woven materials, between which layers there is a fine-mesh woven or knitted fabric or a film with extreme-ly fine perforations, which is incorporated by needle punching in the stru-cture. In such a case only the one large-pored non-woven material layer is filled with bentonite and then sealed with the water-soluble coating. The other, unfilled, large-pored non-woven material layer serves to allow for unevenness of the soil and to prevent slipping of the sealing sheeting after laying.
In the case of the sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention which has a twin-layer compound non-woven material or a triple-layer com-posite non-woven material, laying is performed in such a manner that the covering layer consisting of water-soluble coating is alternatingly under-neath and on top with the result that at the overlapped joins the coveringlayers of water-soluble coating are always in direct contact with each other. In order to prevent possible confusion during laying it has turned out to be particularly advantageous if either the water-soluble covering layer or however the fine-pored non-woven material, the woven or knitted fabr1c or film is colored.
It is an advantage if sealing sheeting having such "multi-layer com-pos1te non-woven materials" is so laid that f1rstly two webs of the sealing sheetlng are placed parallel to each other with an 1ntermediate clearance so that the water-soluble covering layer is on top and then a third web of the sealing sheeting is placed with the covering layer facing downwards on the bottom strip left exposed, the distance between the two first laid sealing webs being so selected that there is the desired width of overlap on either side.
In the case of application of sealing sheeting in accordance with the invention which bears the water-soluble coating on either side as a cover-ing layer, laying may be performed in a customary manner, since in the case of this sealing sheeting in all cases two covering layers of water-soluble coating will necessarily assume positions in contact with each other.
For the water-soluble covering layers it is in principle possible to utillze any system producing a water-soluble coating or one which may be decomposed by water. Such water-soluble coatings may be either purely inorganic or organic in nature.
Purely organic coatings, which may be employed in the present inven-tion, include coatings on a water-glass basis. Water-glass solutions in-clude for the present purposes aqueous solutions of an alkali metal sili-2~3~.
cate preferably sodium silicate. Such water-glass solution are commercial-ly available and on drying form the desired coating, it having proved to be particularly advantageous if bentonite, and more particularly sodium ben-tonite, is incorporated in such a water-glass. The mixing of the water-glass solution with the bentonite is best so performed that firstly anaqueous bentonite dispersion is prepared which is then mixed with the wa-ter-glass solution. The quantity of the bentonite to be incorporated is complete1y dependent on the viscosity with which the silicate solution is to be applied. In addition to low viscoslty compositions, compositions come into question which are pasty in nature and are applied with a blade or rolled on the surfaces to be sealed.
Of the possible coating substances it has been found to be more par tlcularly advantageous to use aqueous starch, dextrine, casein or gluten glues and furthermore celluloseether glues or cellulose ester glues and aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions. All the above mentioned aqueous sys-tems are best mixed with bentonite, like the aqueous water-glass solution, and preferably a sodium bentonite, the quantity of bentonite incorporated again being dependent on the desired viscosity.
Aqueous starch glues which are suitable include more particularly those on the basis of potato and corn starch. If desired such starch glues are employed in combination with casein solutions.
Like starch glues it is possible to use water-soluble dextrin glues, dextrines belng the products of thermal degradatlon of starches.
Caseln glues whlch are sultable lnclude more partlcularly those pre-pared from mllk protein. Moreover, lnstead of caseln glues it is possibleto employ so-called collagen produced from animal skins and bones for jel-lles and gluten glues.
Cellulose esters whlch are suitable more particularly include methyl-cellulose, which is utilized in aqueous solutions, for instance as wallpa-per glue.
Of the cellulose esters the acetate is more particularly to be noted,which with a degree of esterification of 0.6 to 0.9, corresponding to 18 to 26 % bound acetic acid, is soluble in water.
The water-so~uble coating systems preferred in accordance with the invention include those on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol. Of such polyvi-nyl alcohols naturally only those are preferred, which form aqueous solu-tlons and for example are employed for simple applications with paper.
Furthermore such aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions are preferably em-ployed mixed with bentonite.
If however relatively rapidly drying water-soluble coatings are to be 2 ~
obtained, it is best to refrain from using such additions of bentonite.
In order to produce the water-soluble covering layers in accordance with the invention use may be made of customary technologies, the coating compositions constituting the covering layers being sprayed, rolled on or applied with a blade or using some other knowr. method. Because the cover-ing layers are to dry relatively quickly, it is to be recommended to dry using jets of hot air or to move them past suitable heating elements, radi-ant heating devices for instance ensurlng a rapid drylng process.
In accordance with a preferred form of the invention both sides of the sealing sheeting are sealed with water-soluble coatings. In the case of the production of these sealing sheets it is possible to proceed in such a manner that firstly a large-pored non-woven material (which conveyed on a lower conveyor belt horizontally) has the bentonite powder strewn on it and shaken into it prior to being covered over by an upper conveyor belt.
The two conveyor belts are then run vertically upwards with the sealing webs between them, the two conveyor belts being bent at the same level to run downwards again. At this point the water-soluble coating is applied and then dried. The sealing web so obtained is then wound up as a roll for use thereof.
If in the manufacture of the sealing sheeting no "multi-layer compos-ite non-woven material" is utilized, it is necessary firstly to apply one of the two water-soluble covering layers on one side of the sealing web.
After sultable drylng such a web is then passed through a devlce on wh1ch bentonite powder is strewn downwards into the open pores of the substrate material and is then shaken to penetrate it. Following this the surface is sealed with the second water-soluble covering layer.
Claims (10)
1. Sealing sheeting impervious to water and/or oil which essentially consists of a porous substrate material, in whose pores swellable clay is lodged, characterized in that the porous material with the swellable clay lodged therein is provided on either side with covering layers of which at least one consists of a water soluble coating.
2. Sheeting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sub-strate material consists of a large-pored non-woven material and preferably of such a material composed of synthetic resin fibers, more particularly polyester or polyolefin fibers.
3. Sheeting as claimed in claim 1 and in claim 2, characterized in that both the covering layers consist of a water-soluble coating.
4. Sheeting as claimed in claim 1 and in claim 2, characterized in that the substrate material is a twin-layer non-woven material of a large-pored non-woven material and a fine-pored non-woven material or a fine mesh woven or knitted fabric or a film with extremely fine perforations, such fine-pored non-woven material or such woven or knitted fabric or the film constituting a covering layer.
5. Sheeting as claimed in claims 1 through 3, characterized in that in the case of the presence of only one covering layer of water-soluble coating either such coating or the fine-pored non-woven material, the woven fabric, the knitted fabric or the film is colored.
6. Sheeting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the porous substrate material is an elastic synthetic resin foam with large, open pores.
7. Sheeting as claimed in claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the water-soluble coating is formed using a mixture of water-glass solution and bentonite.
8. Sheeting as claimed in claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the water-soluble coating is formed using water starch, dextrin, casein or gluten glues with or without the admixture of bentonite.
9. Sheeting as claimed in claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the water-soluble coating is formed using water-soluble cellulose or cellu-lose ester glues with or without the admixture of bentonite.
10. Sheeting as claimed in claims 1 through 6, characterized in that the water-soluble coating is formed using a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol solution with or without the admixture of bentonite.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4203861A DE4203861A1 (en) | 1992-02-11 | 1992-02-11 | WATER AND / OR OIL-RESISTANT SEALING MAT made of SOAKABLE CLAY |
| DEP4203861.8 | 1992-02-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2089331A1 true CA2089331A1 (en) | 1993-08-12 |
Family
ID=6451349
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002089331A Abandoned CA2089331A1 (en) | 1992-02-11 | 1993-02-11 | Sealing sheeting of swellable clay impervious to water and/or oil |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0555800B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE122120T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2089331A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ385392A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4203861A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9300720A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK385392A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4418613A1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Sued Chemie Ag | Sealing material against organic liquids |
| DE4418646A1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Sued Chemie Ag | Swellable smectite sealing layer |
| DE29516797U1 (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1995-12-14 | Envirotec Handelsgesellschaft für Abfall- und Deponietechnik mbH, 65719 Hofheim | Material for coating surfaces and cover layers with this material |
| IT1304954B1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2001-04-05 | Ennio Zamperini | WATERPROOFING MANUFACTURE FOR CONSTRUCTION USE |
| DE19733740C2 (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2002-03-28 | Jena Geos Ingenieurbuero Gmbh | Surface penetration-reducing surface coverage of deposits |
| DE19813611A1 (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-09-30 | Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co | Sealing mat |
| DE19816705A1 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 1999-10-21 | Nabento Vliesstoff Gmbh | Sealing mat |
| DE19827909A1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-30 | Hans Zauser | Sealing mat for creating a liquid-tight layer in the ground |
| DE10218647A1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-11-06 | Peter Weiers | Sealing method for horse riding area floor, involves depositing layer of sediment material onto floor |
| EP1496162A1 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-12 | Yuley Stoyanoff | Structurally stable insulating geosynthetic product |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4048373A (en) * | 1974-05-23 | 1977-09-13 | American Colloid Company | Water barrier panel |
| US4565468A (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1986-01-21 | Crawford Leslie A | Moisture impervient barrier and method for making same |
| DE3704503C3 (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1998-02-26 | Naue Fasertechnik | Waterproof sealing mat |
| GB2243804A (en) * | 1990-03-06 | 1991-11-13 | Naue Fasertechnik | A water and/or oil-impermeable sealing mat |
-
1992
- 1992-02-11 DE DE4203861A patent/DE4203861A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-12-23 CZ CS923853A patent/CZ385392A3/en unknown
- 1992-12-23 SK SK3853-92A patent/SK385392A3/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-02-08 EP EP93101929A patent/EP0555800B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-08 DE DE59300170T patent/DE59300170D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-08 AT AT93101929T patent/ATE122120T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-10 MX MX9300720A patent/MX9300720A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-02-11 CA CA002089331A patent/CA2089331A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0555800B1 (en) | 1995-05-03 |
| ATE122120T1 (en) | 1995-05-15 |
| EP0555800A1 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
| DE59300170D1 (en) | 1995-06-08 |
| CZ385392A3 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| MX9300720A (en) | 1993-11-01 |
| DE4203861A1 (en) | 1993-08-12 |
| SK385392A3 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |