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CA2086184A1 - Gas turbine arrangement - Google Patents

Gas turbine arrangement

Info

Publication number
CA2086184A1
CA2086184A1 CA002086184A CA2086184A CA2086184A1 CA 2086184 A1 CA2086184 A1 CA 2086184A1 CA 002086184 A CA002086184 A CA 002086184A CA 2086184 A CA2086184 A CA 2086184A CA 2086184 A1 CA2086184 A1 CA 2086184A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
turbine
gas turbine
heat generator
conduit
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002086184A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hansulrich Frutschi
Jaan Hellat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Original Assignee
Asea Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asea Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical Asea Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of CA2086184A1 publication Critical patent/CA2086184A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/106Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/003Gas-turbine plants with heaters between turbine stages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/211Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by intercooling, e.g. during a compression cycle
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In a gas turbine arrangement having a plurality of independent pressure stages, with or without an integrated steam process, which is extended by an air cell cavern, ammonia is injected into the waste gases downstream of the first turbine and the first heat generator and upstream of a second heat generator. The location of this injection ensures that the so-called selective nitrogen conversion becomes effective when a temperature window of 800 - 900 degrees Celsius is present. By means of a purposeful, caloric preparation of the hot gases and appropriate design of the high-pressure turbine, the temperature window is made available at which NOx emissions can be minimized by means of injecting ammonia.

Description

2~6~8~

GAS TURBINE ~RRANG~MENT

S FIELD OF THE INVEyTION

The present invention relates to a gas turbine arrangement. More particularly, the present invention relates to a gas turbine arrangement comprising at least one compressor, at least one gas turbine, and at least one electric generator/motor, including a means to reduce pollutant emissions without a loss of operating efficiency.
The present invention also relates to a method for operating such a gas turbine arrangement.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In gas turbines that have a very high pressure ratio, particularly in air cell gas turbines, a relatively high amount of NO~ is generated in the high-pressure combustion chamber as a result of the high combustion pressure. NO~
reduction methods known per se, such as injecting water or blowing steam into the flame, are undesirable for reason~ of thermodynamics, particularly when a system is involv d that incorporates waste heat recovery, as i5 the case, for example, with a combination system.

A thermodynamically harmless NO~-reduction method is known as selective nitrogen conversion, which is carried out by simply injecting ammonia into the waste gas stream. If it is to be effective, however, a temperature window o~ 800 to 900 degrees Celsius must be maintained. However, because the waste gas temperature of gas turbines is signi~icantly lower, this intrinsically very simple method cannot be applied without difficulty.

2 ~

OBJE~.T AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is intended to remedy this problem~ The object of the invention i5 to make possible the use of the injection of ammonia as a means for reducing NO~ ~mission in a gas turbine arrangement.

An advantage of the invention is that, by means of circuitry, a temperature window i~ created in the area of th~
turbine in which the injection of a~monia is effective in causing a reduction of N0~ emissions in the waste gas without an accompanying reduction in efEiciency.

Another advantage of the invention is that, regarding the injection location at which the intermediate temperature is within the range of temperatures between 800 to 900 deyr~es Celsius that is favorable for selective nitrogen conversion, it is not essential that a second heat generator for furthar heating of the wor~ing gases be present downstream of the location of injection, because a second heat generator burns off any possible NH3 leak, so that NH3 metering is not critical. Moreover, renewed NOX development in a second heat generator is minimized, because only a relatively small amount of fuel is burned in a large stream of ~lue gas with a reduced 2 5 2 content.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is de~cribed in further detail in conjunction with the drawing. All elements that are not necessary for immediate comprehension of the invention have been omitted. The flow direction of the media i~ indicated by arrows.

2~86~8~

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE_DRAWING

The single figur~ shows an air cell gas turbine with a combination power supply.
DE~AILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The drawing figure shows an air cell gas turbine with a combination power supply. A compressor set, comprising a first compressor la, a second compressor lb, and with an interpose~ cooler 2, compresses ~he aspirated air 3 and conveys it via a conduit 4 into a cavern 5. This conveying of the compressed air to the cavern 5 takes place via a second conduit 6, which branches off ~rom the first conduit 4~
The first conduit 4 is also a conveying line to a ~irst heat generator 7 of the system, where a series of control elements effects the operational connection o~ the conduits 4, 6 between each other. First, directly after it branches o~f from the conduit 4, the conduit 6 to the cavern 5 has a control element 8, and additional control elements 9, 10 are located on the first conduit 4 up- and downstream of conduit 6 assure the connectability of the respective conduit.
Conveyance of the compressed air to the ¢avern 5 is effected in that the first control element 9 in the first conduit 4 and the control element 8 in the branching conduit 6 are open, while the second control element 10 in the conduit 4 remains closed. By means of closing the control element 8 in the branching conduit 6 and simultaneously opening the two control elements 9, 10 in the conduit 4 ~ the system i5 switched through and operated as a pure gas turbine.
A heat exchanger 11 that is connected via a conduit system 12 to a thermal reservoir 13 operates downstream of the control element 8 in the conduit 6 to the cavern 50 This reservoir 13 receives the compression enthalpy of the last compression stage lb, and the compressors la, lb are driven by ~6~

the electric machine 14 operating as a motor, the reservoir receiving in this way energy to be stored from the electrical power supply. When compressed air from ~he cavern 5 is returned to the system, the compression enthalpy contained in the thermal reservoir 13 is ~ed again to the cold compressed air o that the system efficiency is increased. It has been shown that a ~urther increase of the temperature o~ the working medium by means o~ a heat genera~or powered by a gaseous fuel again significantly increases the efficiency, which has a tremendous economic advantage, because the additional investments are small measurad against profits.
Only in this way can an air cell power plant be operated in a profitable mannex. However, it must be taken into account that, in order to keep the costs for the cavern 5 as low as possible, the air pressure must be set as high as possible: 50 to 70 bar is the rule here.
A high pressure o~ this type, however, encourages the formation of NO~ in the ~irst heat generator 7, located upstream of a high-pressure turbine 15 to be charged by these hot gases, which is unacceptable from an ecological standpoint. Injecting water or blowing steam into the heat generator or generators could certainly reduce this problem;
however, it would lower the efficiency o~ the system to decrease and increase the CO2 emissions involved in the generation of electricity. The reason for this is an increased specific fuel consumption and the increased content of latent heat in the waste gas. The remedy is to inject ammonia 16, which is done downstream of the high-pressure tur~ine 15. It must be ensured here that the gradient o~ this turbine 15 is selected, in terms of design, such that the temperature o~ the working medium at the injection location 17 is between 800 and 900 degrees Celsius. Regulation for partial load operation must take place in such a way that this temperature window ~or the NOX conversion is maintained. To make this possible, the fuel supply to the second heat 2~8618~L

generator 18, upstream of a low-pressurs turbine 19, should mainly be reduced for partial load operation. Because in this case the pressure ratio o~ the high-pressure turbine 15 is extended downward and its outlet temperature is r2duced, it is advantageous to approach the upper limit of the temperature window at the point of full load. For partial load operation it is, of course, also possible to throttle the compressed air at the inlet to the first heat generator 7 by means of the control element 10 located upstream. As mentione~ previouslyt the system can, with appropriate disposition of the control elements, be operated as a pure gas ~urbine: the methods outlined for N0~ reduction by means of injecting ammonia 16 at a suitable location remain fully valid. In addition, the above remarks also apply to the case of a decentralized ~5 arrangement between the compressor set la, ~b, 2 and the turbine set ~5, 19, in which case the cavern type compressed air reservoir 5 assumes the shape of a long connecting conduit for conveying energy. To further improve the effectiveness of the system, a secondary steam process 20, as described, for example, in EP-B1-0 150 3~0, is preferably connected to the arrangement for utilizing the waste gases 21 from the low-pressure turbine 19 in a known manner. In place of this steam process 20, another means of waste heat recovery can be incorporated, such as heat conveyed from remote sources.
The foregoing has described the preferred principles, embodiments and modes of operation of the present invention;
however, the invention should not be construed as limited to the particular embodiments discussed. Instead, the above described embodiments should ~e regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and it should be appreciated that variations, changes and equivalents may be made by others without departing from the scope of the present invention as de~ined by the following claims.

Claims (7)

1. A gas turbine arrangement having a plurality of independent pressure stages in the direction of flow, comprising:
at least one gas turbine;
at least one compressor connected to the gas turbine by a conduit;
at least one electric generator/motor connected to the compressor for driving the compressor;
a first heat generator located upstream of the turbine;
a second heat generator located downstream of the turbine; and a means for injecting ammonia into a waste gas stream from the turbine located downstream of the turbine and upstream of the second heat generator.
2. The gas turbine arrangement according to claim 1, wherein a high-pressure turbine is connected in series with a low-pressure turbine and the means for injecting ammonia is located between the two turbines.
3. The gas turbine arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising an air cell cavern connected to the conduit by a branching conduit located downstream from the compressor and upstream of the first heat generator.
4. The gas turbine arrangement according to claim 3, further comprising a series of control elements for operationally controlling the conduit and the branching conduit to the air cell cavern.
5. A method for operating a gas turbine arrangement according to claim 1, comprising the step of:
injecting ammonia with waste gases from the turbine at a location where a temperature window between 800 and 900 degrees Celsius predominates.
6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of:
maintaining the temperature window during partial load operation of the gas turbine arrangement by reducing the fuel supply to the second heat generator downstream of the high-pressure turbine.
7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of:
maintaining the temperature window during partial load operation by throttling the compressed air being introduced into the first heat generator.
CA002086184A 1991-12-31 1992-12-23 Gas turbine arrangement Abandoned CA2086184A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4143226A DE4143226A1 (en) 1991-12-31 1991-12-31 GAS TURBOGROUP
DEP4143226.6 1991-12-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2086184A1 true CA2086184A1 (en) 1993-07-01

Family

ID=6448261

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002086184A Abandoned CA2086184A1 (en) 1991-12-31 1992-12-23 Gas turbine arrangement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0549930A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05248262A (en)
CA (1) CA2086184A1 (en)
DE (1) DE4143226A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9341114B2 (en) 2012-02-20 2016-05-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas power plant

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4331081A1 (en) * 1993-09-13 1995-03-16 Abb Management Ag Process for operating a gas turbine plant
JPH07217445A (en) * 1994-02-02 1995-08-15 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Nitrogen oxide reducing method in gas turbine plant using gasification furnace
JP3836792B2 (en) * 2000-11-30 2006-10-25 コリア・インスティテュート・オブ・マシナリー・アンド・マテリアルズ Inert gas generator for fire suppression
DE102010014833B4 (en) * 2010-04-12 2012-08-30 Dieter Lang Device for the thermal coupling of steam power plants with compressed air storage power plants
DE102014119686A1 (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-06-30 Technische Universität München Pressure accumulator power plant with combined, recuperative heat recovery steam generator
CN111441867B (en) * 2020-03-20 2023-04-28 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Compressed air energy storage system for gas turbine combined cycle generator set

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2538756C2 (en) * 1975-08-30 1983-11-24 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., 5401 Baden, Aargau Method for starting up a gas turbine system with air storage
CH628400A5 (en) * 1977-11-17 1982-02-26 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas turbine plant for very large load surges and method for its operation
SU996803A1 (en) * 1981-06-15 1983-02-15 Всесоюзный Дважды Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Теплотехнический Научно-Исследовательский Институт Им.Ф.Э.Дзержинского Boiler
AU8798782A (en) * 1981-09-16 1983-03-24 Bbc Brown Boveri A.G Reducing nox in gas turbine exhaust
US4507269A (en) * 1983-11-10 1985-03-26 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Non-catalytic method for reducing the concentration of NO in combustion effluents by injection of ammonia at temperatures greater than about 1300 degree K
DE3428041A1 (en) * 1984-07-30 1986-01-30 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau AIR STORAGE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT WITH FLUID BED FIRING
DE3441141A1 (en) * 1984-11-10 1986-05-22 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Non-catalytic NOx reduction using ammonia in a fluidised-bed furnace
US4693874A (en) * 1985-03-22 1987-09-15 Hurst Boyd E Method for reducing gas turbine NOx emissions
JPS6214925A (en) * 1985-07-12 1987-01-23 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Method for removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas in gas turbines
DE3839199A1 (en) * 1988-11-19 1990-05-31 Karl Heinz Dipl Phys Krieb Process for decreasing the nitrogen oxide content of combustion gases
DE4104382A1 (en) * 1991-02-11 1992-08-13 Btb Blockheizkraftwerks Traege Gas turbine operating process - involves using concentration and volume-variable diluted ammonia solution

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9341114B2 (en) 2012-02-20 2016-05-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas power plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4143226A1 (en) 1993-07-01
EP0549930A1 (en) 1993-07-07
JPH05248262A (en) 1993-09-24

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