CA2083571A1 - Existing alcohol retainer cartridge and method for using same - Google Patents
Existing alcohol retainer cartridge and method for using sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA2083571A1 CA2083571A1 CA 2083571 CA2083571A CA2083571A1 CA 2083571 A1 CA2083571 A1 CA 2083571A1 CA 2083571 CA2083571 CA 2083571 CA 2083571 A CA2083571 A CA 2083571A CA 2083571 A1 CA2083571 A1 CA 2083571A1
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- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- breath
- indication
- sample
- detector
- Prior art date
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-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/98—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving alcohol, e.g. ethanol in breath
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The suggested invention, presents itself as a two part device, which can be attached by friction joins, to existing reactive ampoules relating to the detection of the presence and concentration of alcohol in the human body through breath analysis. The novel effect of the invention becomes apparent in that when used in conjunction with existing devices, significant improvements in the specificity and accuracy of results are met. These are occasioned by decreasing the range of false detection of like substances, which can overlay and otherwise cause an incorrect positive results.
Additionally the suggested device allows one to control the sample volume as well as the speed in which the sample is introduced to the detective reaction. Finally, the device introduces a new reagent to the process, which reacts specifically with a single by-product of existing reactions, namely acetaldehydes and provides a colourmetric response from which it is possible to determine the degree of alcohol intoxication in an accuracy heretofore only possible by blood analysis. The net result of the improvements is a significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity over methods and devices presently in use.
The time needed for use of the suggested invention, inclusive of device, reagent and method is just 1.5-2 minutes, and the accuracy and specificity correlate with such a high degree of certainty to results obtained during blood control comparisons, that this device will eliminate the need for any other device inclusive of the extant corroborative blood analysis. The more accurate results are complemented not only by cost savings to law enforcement agencies by the elimination of corroborative measures but also by the absence of any need for transportation from the road-site.
The suggested invention, presents itself as a two part device, which can be attached by friction joins, to existing reactive ampoules relating to the detection of the presence and concentration of alcohol in the human body through breath analysis. The novel effect of the invention becomes apparent in that when used in conjunction with existing devices, significant improvements in the specificity and accuracy of results are met. These are occasioned by decreasing the range of false detection of like substances, which can overlay and otherwise cause an incorrect positive results.
Additionally the suggested device allows one to control the sample volume as well as the speed in which the sample is introduced to the detective reaction. Finally, the device introduces a new reagent to the process, which reacts specifically with a single by-product of existing reactions, namely acetaldehydes and provides a colourmetric response from which it is possible to determine the degree of alcohol intoxication in an accuracy heretofore only possible by blood analysis. The net result of the improvements is a significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity over methods and devices presently in use.
The time needed for use of the suggested invention, inclusive of device, reagent and method is just 1.5-2 minutes, and the accuracy and specificity correlate with such a high degree of certainty to results obtained during blood control comparisons, that this device will eliminate the need for any other device inclusive of the extant corroborative blood analysis. The more accurate results are complemented not only by cost savings to law enforcement agencies by the elimination of corroborative measures but also by the absence of any need for transportation from the road-site.
Description
20~3~7~
IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING ALCOHOL RETAINER CARTRIDGE AND
METHOD FOR USING SAME
This invention, being a reagent, device and method, relates to improving Ihe speed and accuracy of existing devices and snethods for deterrnining the amount of alcohol in a person's breath and more particularly to the retention of the alcohol for later evaluation.
For a number of reasons, the adsorption of alcohol from a gas such as air may bcimportant. Paramount among these, is the field of law enforcement analysis, to test the alcohol content of a person's breath.
Numerous devices are known in the art of brcath analysis . In the apparatus associalc~l with the trade mark "Brealhalyzer", a 52 & 1/2 ml. sample of breath is collected in a hea~c-l reservoir and is then bubbled through an ampoule containing a solution of potassium dichromate in a 50% aqueous sulfuric acid solution. Alcohol content is detenTtined by photometric measuremcn~
of the reduction of the dichromate. Comparable devices are disclosed in United States Patent Nos.
3,544,273, issued to McConnaughey on December 1, 1970; 3,303,840, issued to Etzlinger 011 February 14, 1967; and, 3,238,783, issued to Wright on March 8, 1966. The McConnaughcy patent specification discloses a representative opemtion of these types of devices. There, the breall sample is forced through a tube containing a chromium compound held bet~veen glass wool plugs.
The chromium compound responds to alcohol by changing color . These prior art devices lol analysis of breath alcohol uniformly incorpomte a chemical reagent which reacts lo the alcohol, rather than retaining it for later analysis.
Certain compounds are known to adsorb certain other materials. Calcium sulfate has lon~
been recognized as having the ability to adsorb water from air or other materials. This properly is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,813,010, issued to Hutchins on November 12, 1957; 2,758,719, issued to Line on August 14, 1956; and 2,583,132 issued to Gannon on April 15, 1952. CalciIlttl sulfate has also been used to remove water from alcohol in order to concentrate the alcoltol, as is ~83~7~
described in Voh1me 14, pages 34 - 37 of lhe Transactions of the Indiana Institute of Chemical Engineers (1961 - 1962) and pages 16 - 21 Or Chemical Process Design, Symposium, Bangalolc.
Indiana (1963). These sources, however, do not disclose the property Or calcium sulfate to adsol b alcohol itself directly from air or a similar material.
The potential for other known desiccants, including calcium chloride, magnesium sulfatc, sodium sulphate and silica gel, to adsorb alcohol was not disclosed in U. S. Patent No.
1,789,194, issued to Rockwell on January 13, 1931; and the Hutchins patent and publicalions previously cited. However, it has been known to use magnesium parchlorate and calcium chloridc to retain breath ~Icohol for later analysis.
. ~ .
Various containers have been devised to contain these desiccants. The Rockwell devicc utilizes a cannister in which a spring bearing against the cannister top holds a screen against a cotton pad which contacts the desiccant. A similar structure is described in United Slates Palenl No. 2,575,483, issued to Bethig on November 20, 1951, and in the Gannon and Line Palen~s previously cited. The use of a pad, glass wool, paper and/or a screen positioned adjacenl a desiccant is disclosed in United States Patent No. 3,008,540, issued to Gibson on November 14, 1961; 2,682,315, issued to Evans on June 29, 1954; 2,225,990, issued to Henry on Decembcr 24, 1940; and, 1,585,113, issued to Robert on May 18, 1926; and also in the Hutchins and Linc patents discussed previously. Another variety of container appears in Canadian patent #1087971 (and the related family of patents) issued to Borkenstein.
This latter device has an alcohol retainer cartridge which is comprised Or an elongatcd tubc having a first end and a second end, calcium sulfate contained within the tube between the rirst alld second ends, and a means for retaining the calcium sulfate within the tube. When a samplc of breath is passed through the calcium sulfate the alcohol in the breath is adsorbed therefrom.
All of the aforesaid devices and methods have distinct disadvantages. The first and lhc main disadvantage is the lack of specificity, in that they can react to a whole range of olher .. . . . . .
.
. : ,~ , : ~
IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING ALCOHOL RETAINER CARTRIDGE AND
METHOD FOR USING SAME
This invention, being a reagent, device and method, relates to improving Ihe speed and accuracy of existing devices and snethods for deterrnining the amount of alcohol in a person's breath and more particularly to the retention of the alcohol for later evaluation.
For a number of reasons, the adsorption of alcohol from a gas such as air may bcimportant. Paramount among these, is the field of law enforcement analysis, to test the alcohol content of a person's breath.
Numerous devices are known in the art of brcath analysis . In the apparatus associalc~l with the trade mark "Brealhalyzer", a 52 & 1/2 ml. sample of breath is collected in a hea~c-l reservoir and is then bubbled through an ampoule containing a solution of potassium dichromate in a 50% aqueous sulfuric acid solution. Alcohol content is detenTtined by photometric measuremcn~
of the reduction of the dichromate. Comparable devices are disclosed in United States Patent Nos.
3,544,273, issued to McConnaughey on December 1, 1970; 3,303,840, issued to Etzlinger 011 February 14, 1967; and, 3,238,783, issued to Wright on March 8, 1966. The McConnaughcy patent specification discloses a representative opemtion of these types of devices. There, the breall sample is forced through a tube containing a chromium compound held bet~veen glass wool plugs.
The chromium compound responds to alcohol by changing color . These prior art devices lol analysis of breath alcohol uniformly incorpomte a chemical reagent which reacts lo the alcohol, rather than retaining it for later analysis.
Certain compounds are known to adsorb certain other materials. Calcium sulfate has lon~
been recognized as having the ability to adsorb water from air or other materials. This properly is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,813,010, issued to Hutchins on November 12, 1957; 2,758,719, issued to Line on August 14, 1956; and 2,583,132 issued to Gannon on April 15, 1952. CalciIlttl sulfate has also been used to remove water from alcohol in order to concentrate the alcoltol, as is ~83~7~
described in Voh1me 14, pages 34 - 37 of lhe Transactions of the Indiana Institute of Chemical Engineers (1961 - 1962) and pages 16 - 21 Or Chemical Process Design, Symposium, Bangalolc.
Indiana (1963). These sources, however, do not disclose the property Or calcium sulfate to adsol b alcohol itself directly from air or a similar material.
The potential for other known desiccants, including calcium chloride, magnesium sulfatc, sodium sulphate and silica gel, to adsorb alcohol was not disclosed in U. S. Patent No.
1,789,194, issued to Rockwell on January 13, 1931; and the Hutchins patent and publicalions previously cited. However, it has been known to use magnesium parchlorate and calcium chloridc to retain breath ~Icohol for later analysis.
. ~ .
Various containers have been devised to contain these desiccants. The Rockwell devicc utilizes a cannister in which a spring bearing against the cannister top holds a screen against a cotton pad which contacts the desiccant. A similar structure is described in United Slates Palenl No. 2,575,483, issued to Bethig on November 20, 1951, and in the Gannon and Line Palen~s previously cited. The use of a pad, glass wool, paper and/or a screen positioned adjacenl a desiccant is disclosed in United States Patent No. 3,008,540, issued to Gibson on November 14, 1961; 2,682,315, issued to Evans on June 29, 1954; 2,225,990, issued to Henry on Decembcr 24, 1940; and, 1,585,113, issued to Robert on May 18, 1926; and also in the Hutchins and Linc patents discussed previously. Another variety of container appears in Canadian patent #1087971 (and the related family of patents) issued to Borkenstein.
This latter device has an alcohol retainer cartridge which is comprised Or an elongatcd tubc having a first end and a second end, calcium sulfate contained within the tube between the rirst alld second ends, and a means for retaining the calcium sulfate within the tube. When a samplc of breath is passed through the calcium sulfate the alcohol in the breath is adsorbed therefrom.
All of the aforesaid devices and methods have distinct disadvantages. The first and lhc main disadvantage is the lack of specificity, in that they can react to a whole range of olher .. . . . . .
.
. : ,~ , : ~
2~.3~
substances other than alcohol. These non-related substances include such products as gasolinc, acetone, smoke and certain prescriptive medicines. This same disadvantage is apparent even in other more complicated electronic devices, used by police.
A second disadvantage, peculiar to the tube - shaped devices, is the inaccuracy ol measurements. This begins with the inability to control the differing quantity Or breath sample lo be introduced to the detection system (or chemical - reaction system), and ends in the nalur.ll consequence of inaccurate detection of the amounts of alcohol present. This disadvanta~e is further aggravated by the marked degree of dimculty required to blow breath, without mechanie.ll aid, through them. Much of the breath sample can avoid introduction to the detection elemcnl.
Abrupt exhalation can cause errors in detection, even in the more sophisticated Or such deviccs which have a means of monitoring the pressure of the exhaled breath air. Once again the error is occasioned by the inaccurate measurement of sample size.
The third disadvantage, common to these devices is that they try to determine lhc concentration of alcohol in the body by the amount of ethanol in the breath. Howevcr, il is known that the receptivity of alcohol can vary widely depending upon the individual and lhc uni4~1c abilities of his or her body.
Alcohol intoxication is instrinsically connected with alcohol transformation in the body and with the resultant amount of acetaldehyde created during this process. It is acetaldehydes Ih.ll cause the visible disturbances and intoxication of the body including all the side effects, which onc associates with an alcohol intoxicated person. To date, known express methods do not allow onc to detect acetaldehydes in the body.
The aim of the present invention is to improve the specificity and accuracy of the cxprcss detection of alcohol in the human body and also to improve the express determination of vîlrio~ls degrees of alcohol intoxication.
.. ..
` :
2Q~3~
This aim is achieved in that, rather than examining the amount of alcohol in allindeterminate sample size of the exha.led breath of an individual, attention is instead rocused upon a linown volume of breath sample in which the transformation of alcohol to acetaldehydes by an oxidizing - restoring reaction is measured. The reaction occurs wilhin the range of 0 06 - 0.35 M
sodium dichromate solution of concentrated sulphuric acid and lhe vapours of elhanol. Thc acetaldehyde level is revealed by the final colour of the indicational element, which is soaked by 3 -10 % water solution of sodium nitroprisidde, 1 - 5% water solution of the gelatine and 10 - 30 ~o water solution of morpholine which contains 1 - 20% of polyatomic alcohol (i.e. glycerin). Thc result is 100% specificity in the detection of alcohol. The reaction is so specific that it allows onc to distinguish the difference between the presence of ethanol and melhanol. The aim is rurlllclcd i, part by the isolation of the oxidation system rrom the indicalional system. By thcsc means Onc may prolong the use of the device, while at the same time enjoying a relatively constant higl sensitivity and high stability of registered pammcters.
The purpose is further enhanced in that, during the period of meæurement a predetcrminc(l volume of breath sample comes from the special collector to the reaction elements. Thcsc rc.lcl with the ethanol and p~nit its measurement. The special collector eliminates lhe dil ric~ v ol threshold vigor in exhalation, while at the same time increasing the accuracy of measuremcnls.
This occurs because all of the breath sample is first collected in lhe special elaslic balloon collcclol, (which in turn contains all of the alcohol vapours) and then the sample is utilized in its enlircly lor analysis. Moreover, because of the collector, all of the breath sample is introduced to Ihc indicationalelements.
The invention presents itself in the form Or a hollow tube with a first end and a second cn~.
The lube is closed at its mid point with two branch pipes amxed at either side Or Ihe partilion. Thc first branch pipe is open so as to oblige all of the air passing through the first end Or the lubc lo enter into the branch pipe the second end of which is afrixed with a valve allowing air into Ihc . .. , . ~ . .
-: .. . . . .
2 ~J ~
90183-8 RDF:jy elastic balloon collector in which the second end of the first branch pipe terminates, and which valve will not allow the air to migrate in the opposite direction. The first end of the second branch pipe is present and open in the balloon collector such as to oblige the air leaving the balloon collector to exit by the second end of the branch pipe and thereby into the second end of the tube. The elastic balloon collector is hermetically fixed over the second end of the first branch pipe and the first end of the second branch pipe.
Sample size is controlled by means of markings on the sides of the balloon collector which indicate when inflation is complete. In addition tG
controlling the volume of sample size, the balloon collector also allows one to moderate the relative rate of flow of sample over the reactive and indicative elements. This can be done once the appropriate sample volume has been collected, by modulating the degree of hand pressure applied to the balloon. The valve will prevent the sample from escaping out the first branch tube and the compression of the collector will increase the pressure therein such that the sample air will seek egress through the second branch tube. The second branch tube is affixed by a friction join to the detective ampoule of reactive and indicative elements. The result is a more qualitatively controlled chemical reaction.
The invention includes a special indicative element which consists of hollow tube one end of which is held by a frictional join to the detective ampoule. The centre of the ampoule contains a reacting element, and the second end has a detachable cylinder shaped indicative element. This element has flange on its first end, and grating on the second end. A disc of filter paper impregnated by a 3 - 10% solution of sodium nitro prisidde, 1-5% water solution of gelatin, 10-30% water solution of morpholine, which contains 1-20% poly-atomic alcohol (glycerin), is situated on this grating of the indicative element. This filter paper is held in place by a rubber ring.
The reacting element has 0.06 - 0.35 M solution of sodium dichromate and concentrated sulphuric acid and silica gel or calcium sulfate.
This reacting mixture is situated within a hermetically sealed glass vessel (container, ampoule), and forms the detective element. The .. . .
-: ,... , , -, . .. .......
: , :, . : : . , 2~3~ ~
ampoule is opened just before contact with a breath sample~ The detective element is the analoL~Ic of traditional elements which are uscd at the present time, excepting only the addilion of sodilllo dichromate which reacts with ethanol more qualitatively, because it has more levels of oxidation.
The indicative element is detachable, which allows one to conduct not only visual control, but also accurate apparatus measurement and figurative registmtion of the results.
Further objects and advantages of the present inven~ion will be apparent from lhe liglllcs and description which follow:
hgure 1 æhematic representation of the device and its work, ~vhere:
19. moulh piece for the passing of the breathe sample;
20. elasLic balloon collector;
30- reaction element;
40. indicational element.
Flgure 2 represents a cross sectional view of the device, where;
1. tube/moulhpiece;
2. tube/connection with the re~ction element;
substances other than alcohol. These non-related substances include such products as gasolinc, acetone, smoke and certain prescriptive medicines. This same disadvantage is apparent even in other more complicated electronic devices, used by police.
A second disadvantage, peculiar to the tube - shaped devices, is the inaccuracy ol measurements. This begins with the inability to control the differing quantity Or breath sample lo be introduced to the detection system (or chemical - reaction system), and ends in the nalur.ll consequence of inaccurate detection of the amounts of alcohol present. This disadvanta~e is further aggravated by the marked degree of dimculty required to blow breath, without mechanie.ll aid, through them. Much of the breath sample can avoid introduction to the detection elemcnl.
Abrupt exhalation can cause errors in detection, even in the more sophisticated Or such deviccs which have a means of monitoring the pressure of the exhaled breath air. Once again the error is occasioned by the inaccurate measurement of sample size.
The third disadvantage, common to these devices is that they try to determine lhc concentration of alcohol in the body by the amount of ethanol in the breath. Howevcr, il is known that the receptivity of alcohol can vary widely depending upon the individual and lhc uni4~1c abilities of his or her body.
Alcohol intoxication is instrinsically connected with alcohol transformation in the body and with the resultant amount of acetaldehyde created during this process. It is acetaldehydes Ih.ll cause the visible disturbances and intoxication of the body including all the side effects, which onc associates with an alcohol intoxicated person. To date, known express methods do not allow onc to detect acetaldehydes in the body.
The aim of the present invention is to improve the specificity and accuracy of the cxprcss detection of alcohol in the human body and also to improve the express determination of vîlrio~ls degrees of alcohol intoxication.
.. ..
` :
2Q~3~
This aim is achieved in that, rather than examining the amount of alcohol in allindeterminate sample size of the exha.led breath of an individual, attention is instead rocused upon a linown volume of breath sample in which the transformation of alcohol to acetaldehydes by an oxidizing - restoring reaction is measured. The reaction occurs wilhin the range of 0 06 - 0.35 M
sodium dichromate solution of concentrated sulphuric acid and lhe vapours of elhanol. Thc acetaldehyde level is revealed by the final colour of the indicational element, which is soaked by 3 -10 % water solution of sodium nitroprisidde, 1 - 5% water solution of the gelatine and 10 - 30 ~o water solution of morpholine which contains 1 - 20% of polyatomic alcohol (i.e. glycerin). Thc result is 100% specificity in the detection of alcohol. The reaction is so specific that it allows onc to distinguish the difference between the presence of ethanol and melhanol. The aim is rurlllclcd i, part by the isolation of the oxidation system rrom the indicalional system. By thcsc means Onc may prolong the use of the device, while at the same time enjoying a relatively constant higl sensitivity and high stability of registered pammcters.
The purpose is further enhanced in that, during the period of meæurement a predetcrminc(l volume of breath sample comes from the special collector to the reaction elements. Thcsc rc.lcl with the ethanol and p~nit its measurement. The special collector eliminates lhe dil ric~ v ol threshold vigor in exhalation, while at the same time increasing the accuracy of measuremcnls.
This occurs because all of the breath sample is first collected in lhe special elaslic balloon collcclol, (which in turn contains all of the alcohol vapours) and then the sample is utilized in its enlircly lor analysis. Moreover, because of the collector, all of the breath sample is introduced to Ihc indicationalelements.
The invention presents itself in the form Or a hollow tube with a first end and a second cn~.
The lube is closed at its mid point with two branch pipes amxed at either side Or Ihe partilion. Thc first branch pipe is open so as to oblige all of the air passing through the first end Or the lubc lo enter into the branch pipe the second end of which is afrixed with a valve allowing air into Ihc . .. , . ~ . .
-: .. . . . .
2 ~J ~
90183-8 RDF:jy elastic balloon collector in which the second end of the first branch pipe terminates, and which valve will not allow the air to migrate in the opposite direction. The first end of the second branch pipe is present and open in the balloon collector such as to oblige the air leaving the balloon collector to exit by the second end of the branch pipe and thereby into the second end of the tube. The elastic balloon collector is hermetically fixed over the second end of the first branch pipe and the first end of the second branch pipe.
Sample size is controlled by means of markings on the sides of the balloon collector which indicate when inflation is complete. In addition tG
controlling the volume of sample size, the balloon collector also allows one to moderate the relative rate of flow of sample over the reactive and indicative elements. This can be done once the appropriate sample volume has been collected, by modulating the degree of hand pressure applied to the balloon. The valve will prevent the sample from escaping out the first branch tube and the compression of the collector will increase the pressure therein such that the sample air will seek egress through the second branch tube. The second branch tube is affixed by a friction join to the detective ampoule of reactive and indicative elements. The result is a more qualitatively controlled chemical reaction.
The invention includes a special indicative element which consists of hollow tube one end of which is held by a frictional join to the detective ampoule. The centre of the ampoule contains a reacting element, and the second end has a detachable cylinder shaped indicative element. This element has flange on its first end, and grating on the second end. A disc of filter paper impregnated by a 3 - 10% solution of sodium nitro prisidde, 1-5% water solution of gelatin, 10-30% water solution of morpholine, which contains 1-20% poly-atomic alcohol (glycerin), is situated on this grating of the indicative element. This filter paper is held in place by a rubber ring.
The reacting element has 0.06 - 0.35 M solution of sodium dichromate and concentrated sulphuric acid and silica gel or calcium sulfate.
This reacting mixture is situated within a hermetically sealed glass vessel (container, ampoule), and forms the detective element. The .. . .
-: ,... , , -, . .. .......
: , :, . : : . , 2~3~ ~
ampoule is opened just before contact with a breath sample~ The detective element is the analoL~Ic of traditional elements which are uscd at the present time, excepting only the addilion of sodilllo dichromate which reacts with ethanol more qualitatively, because it has more levels of oxidation.
The indicative element is detachable, which allows one to conduct not only visual control, but also accurate apparatus measurement and figurative registmtion of the results.
Further objects and advantages of the present inven~ion will be apparent from lhe liglllcs and description which follow:
hgure 1 æhematic representation of the device and its work, ~vhere:
19. moulh piece for the passing of the breathe sample;
20. elasLic balloon collector;
30- reaction element;
40. indicational element.
Flgure 2 represents a cross sectional view of the device, where;
1. tube/moulhpiece;
2. tube/connection with the re~ction element;
3. filrst bmnch pipe passing the breathe sample into the balloon colleclor 9;
4. channel of the filrst branch pipe;
5. fastener of the elastic balloon collector;
6. hermetical partition of the tube;
7. branch pipe allowing air egress from the elastic balloon;
8. channel of the branch pipe 7; :
9 . elastic balloon collector collecting;
10. reaction ampoule (detective element);
11. tube portion of the indicator element;
12. nange of the indicator;
20~ ~ 73 90183-8 RDF:jy 13. rubber ring (fastener);
20~ ~ 73 90183-8 RDF:jy 13. rubber ring (fastener);
14. lattice part of the indicator which is used as a support for the filter paper;
lS. indicator element (paper) impregnated with aforesaid reagents.
The operation of the device is described below:
The hermetic seal of the detective element 10 is broken either by opening or by breaking off the ends of the glass ampoule 16. After this the indicational element 11 with the complex of items 12, 13, 14, 15, are affixed by a friction join to the exit end of the detective/reactive element 10 and by a similar friction join, the other end of the detective/reactive element is affixed ~o the second end 2 of the tube with the balloon collector.
A subject exhales into the first end 1 of the tube until the elastic balloon collector 9 fills completely to the required volume. Once collected the sample is forced from the balloon collector by smooth hand compression of same, so that the collected air passes uniformly through the reactive element 10, and comes thereby to the indicative element. As a result of the successive transformation of alcohol and its reaction with chemical components, the colour of the indicator element 15 changes. If there is no alcohol in the breathe sample the colour of the indicator element does not change or becomes yellowish after the drying of the element.
If there is some alcohol in the breathe sample then the colour of the indicator element changes to blue and to dark navy blue, where the intensity of the colour depends on the degree of alcohol and acetaldehydes present in the sample. The operation of the device has been correlated with laboratory checking of alcohol in the blood and in saliva.
Under laboratory conditions detection of the presence and quantity of ethanol in the human body was conducted 40 min to 1 - 2 hours after ingestion by the target person of a measured quantity of alcohol (evaluated on pure ethyl-alcohol); dosage of alcohol was determined by the ~ormula: dose expressed as "0/100" is the quantity of ethanol (in g)/weight of the person (in kilograms); collection of saliva, and its analysis as well as the taking 7 ;
2~3 171 90183-8 RDF:jy of blood samples was conducted by the traditional methods. Condensate of the exhaled vapors was obtained by passing the sample, through a tube cooled by lce.
Example 1.
In a test tube, 35 microlitres of water solution were placed, containing 1.75 m~ of sodium dichromate (reagent 1, presenting itself in 0.19 M of solution of sodium dichromate in water), 700 microlitres of saliva, collected from the observed person after 2 hours after the intake of 75 g of pure ethyl alcohol (weight of the person 75 kilograms, estimated dose of alcohol comprises 1.0 0/100) are then added to the tube follo~ed by 400 microlitres of the concentrated sulphuric acid reagent 2) (proportionate volumetric size of reagent 1: biological material: reagent 20 is 0.05:1:0.6) is mixed and incubated for a period of 2 min. Changes are observed of the colour of the filter paper, saturated with 5% solution of sodium nitro prisside, 3% solution of gelatine and 15% solution of morpholine in water, containing 10% of glycerine, from light-grey to blue, that corresponds to the dose 0.85 - 1.15 0/00.
Examples 2-9 were also conducted as example 1, conditions of the experiment and the results are presented in table 1.
Examples 10 - 11 are conducted as example 1, excepting only that the biological material serum of blood is used (example 10) or the condensate of the exhaled vapors (example 11).
Examples 12 - 14 are conducted as example 1, changing only the conditions of saturation of the carrier. Results are presented in table 2.
The accuracy of results suffers a significant decrease where the ratio of reagent l:biological material: reagent 2 is more than 0.12: 1:0.9 and less than 0.02:1:0.25; the accuracy of results suffers a significant decrease where the sodium dichromate solution appears in concentrations ---~~ .
,, . ,, ~ ;,~ ~ , , , . .: ' -: . :........ . ., . ~, ~ -', : . ' .. , ......... .': : - - ' ' ~ ~ . .. . .
greater than 0.35 M and less than 0.06 M . The use of other reagent solu~ions for impregnaling ol the carrier also decreases the accuracy of the results.
In Table 3 comparative characteristics are shown of specificity of the offered method in comparison with existing prototypes. Testing was conducted by means of introducing into lhc collected breath sample of the person, the chemical substance to be observed.
Table 3 indicates that the suggested method has more specificity than the e~isting prototypes, because no change in colour occurs upon introduction of differing substances such a~
ethyl glycol, gasoline, sugar, and medicines: Validol, Korvalol.
The suggested invention, inclusive of device, reagent and method, ~vhen uscd in conjunction with existing devices for determining the presence and concentmtions of alcohol in lhc human body, represents a significant improvement in the specificity and accuracy of resulls by decreasing the range of lilie substances, which can overlay and otherwise cause an in~orrccl positive result. The sugg,osted device allows one to control the sample volume as well as Illc speed in which the sample is introduced to the detective reaction. The net result is a signific.
improvement in sensitivity and specificity over methods and devices presently in use.
The time needed for use of the suggested invention, inclusive of device, reagent and method is just 1.5 - 2 minutes, and the accumcy and specificity correlate with such a high degree ol certainty to results obtained during blood control comparisons, that this device will eliminale Ihc need for any other device inclusive of the extant corrobomtive blood analysis. The more accur.llc results are complemented not only by cost savings to law enforcement agencies by the eliminatiml of corrobomtive measures but also by the absence of any need for transportation from the road-silc analysis.
~ . ., ; -... .
lS. indicator element (paper) impregnated with aforesaid reagents.
The operation of the device is described below:
The hermetic seal of the detective element 10 is broken either by opening or by breaking off the ends of the glass ampoule 16. After this the indicational element 11 with the complex of items 12, 13, 14, 15, are affixed by a friction join to the exit end of the detective/reactive element 10 and by a similar friction join, the other end of the detective/reactive element is affixed ~o the second end 2 of the tube with the balloon collector.
A subject exhales into the first end 1 of the tube until the elastic balloon collector 9 fills completely to the required volume. Once collected the sample is forced from the balloon collector by smooth hand compression of same, so that the collected air passes uniformly through the reactive element 10, and comes thereby to the indicative element. As a result of the successive transformation of alcohol and its reaction with chemical components, the colour of the indicator element 15 changes. If there is no alcohol in the breathe sample the colour of the indicator element does not change or becomes yellowish after the drying of the element.
If there is some alcohol in the breathe sample then the colour of the indicator element changes to blue and to dark navy blue, where the intensity of the colour depends on the degree of alcohol and acetaldehydes present in the sample. The operation of the device has been correlated with laboratory checking of alcohol in the blood and in saliva.
Under laboratory conditions detection of the presence and quantity of ethanol in the human body was conducted 40 min to 1 - 2 hours after ingestion by the target person of a measured quantity of alcohol (evaluated on pure ethyl-alcohol); dosage of alcohol was determined by the ~ormula: dose expressed as "0/100" is the quantity of ethanol (in g)/weight of the person (in kilograms); collection of saliva, and its analysis as well as the taking 7 ;
2~3 171 90183-8 RDF:jy of blood samples was conducted by the traditional methods. Condensate of the exhaled vapors was obtained by passing the sample, through a tube cooled by lce.
Example 1.
In a test tube, 35 microlitres of water solution were placed, containing 1.75 m~ of sodium dichromate (reagent 1, presenting itself in 0.19 M of solution of sodium dichromate in water), 700 microlitres of saliva, collected from the observed person after 2 hours after the intake of 75 g of pure ethyl alcohol (weight of the person 75 kilograms, estimated dose of alcohol comprises 1.0 0/100) are then added to the tube follo~ed by 400 microlitres of the concentrated sulphuric acid reagent 2) (proportionate volumetric size of reagent 1: biological material: reagent 20 is 0.05:1:0.6) is mixed and incubated for a period of 2 min. Changes are observed of the colour of the filter paper, saturated with 5% solution of sodium nitro prisside, 3% solution of gelatine and 15% solution of morpholine in water, containing 10% of glycerine, from light-grey to blue, that corresponds to the dose 0.85 - 1.15 0/00.
Examples 2-9 were also conducted as example 1, conditions of the experiment and the results are presented in table 1.
Examples 10 - 11 are conducted as example 1, excepting only that the biological material serum of blood is used (example 10) or the condensate of the exhaled vapors (example 11).
Examples 12 - 14 are conducted as example 1, changing only the conditions of saturation of the carrier. Results are presented in table 2.
The accuracy of results suffers a significant decrease where the ratio of reagent l:biological material: reagent 2 is more than 0.12: 1:0.9 and less than 0.02:1:0.25; the accuracy of results suffers a significant decrease where the sodium dichromate solution appears in concentrations ---~~ .
,, . ,, ~ ;,~ ~ , , , . .: ' -: . :........ . ., . ~, ~ -', : . ' .. , ......... .': : - - ' ' ~ ~ . .. . .
greater than 0.35 M and less than 0.06 M . The use of other reagent solu~ions for impregnaling ol the carrier also decreases the accuracy of the results.
In Table 3 comparative characteristics are shown of specificity of the offered method in comparison with existing prototypes. Testing was conducted by means of introducing into lhc collected breath sample of the person, the chemical substance to be observed.
Table 3 indicates that the suggested method has more specificity than the e~isting prototypes, because no change in colour occurs upon introduction of differing substances such a~
ethyl glycol, gasoline, sugar, and medicines: Validol, Korvalol.
The suggested invention, inclusive of device, reagent and method, ~vhen uscd in conjunction with existing devices for determining the presence and concentmtions of alcohol in lhc human body, represents a significant improvement in the specificity and accuracy of resulls by decreasing the range of lilie substances, which can overlay and otherwise cause an in~orrccl positive result. The sugg,osted device allows one to control the sample volume as well as Illc speed in which the sample is introduced to the detective reaction. The net result is a signific.
improvement in sensitivity and specificity over methods and devices presently in use.
The time needed for use of the suggested invention, inclusive of device, reagent and method is just 1.5 - 2 minutes, and the accumcy and specificity correlate with such a high degree ol certainty to results obtained during blood control comparisons, that this device will eliminale Ihc need for any other device inclusive of the extant corrobomtive blood analysis. The more accur.llc results are complemented not only by cost savings to law enforcement agencies by the eliminatiml of corrobomtive measures but also by the absence of any need for transportation from the road-silc analysis.
~ . ., ; -... .
Claims (6)
1. An indication device for attachment to the breath output of a detector for determining the alcohol concentration in the human body from the breath of a user, comprising an indication element containing a reagent which reacts specifically with acetaldehydes released during the oxidizing - restoration reaction of the detector, which further reaction occurs between 0.06 - 0.35 M solution of sodium dichromate, concentrated HCl and ethanol vapor.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said indication element is impregnated with 3 to 10% solution of sodium Nitro prisside, 1 to 5% water solution of gelatine and 10 to 30% water solution of morpholine which contains 1 to 20% of polyatomic alcohol whereby said indication element registers acetaldehyde concentrations by changing colour.
3. A device as in claim 1 differing in that for the purpose of increasing the sensitivity and stability of results, and also for extending the durability of the device, the system of oxidizing and transformation of alcohol is isolated from indication system.
4. A alcohol breath detection device having an indication device as claimed in claim 1, a detector for determining the alcohol concentration in the human body from the breath of a user, and a balloon collector with volumetric markers for collecting a breath sample for input to the detector and indication device.
5. A method of use of the device of claim 4 comprising applying hand pressure to said balloon collector in order to regulate the flow of sample from the collector to the detector so that the accuracy of alcohol detection and the stability of detection may be increased.
6. The indication device of claim 2 comprising a cylindrical housing with a flange at one end and a lattice at its other end supporting said indication element which is in the nature of a filter paper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2083571 CA2083571A1 (en) | 1992-11-23 | 1992-11-23 | Existing alcohol retainer cartridge and method for using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2083571 CA2083571A1 (en) | 1992-11-23 | 1992-11-23 | Existing alcohol retainer cartridge and method for using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2083571A1 true CA2083571A1 (en) | 1994-05-24 |
Family
ID=4150728
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2083571 Abandoned CA2083571A1 (en) | 1992-11-23 | 1992-11-23 | Existing alcohol retainer cartridge and method for using same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2083571A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102944685A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 湖南省浏阳市医用仪具厂 | Disposable human body alcohol tester |
-
1992
- 1992-11-23 CA CA 2083571 patent/CA2083571A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102944685A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 湖南省浏阳市医用仪具厂 | Disposable human body alcohol tester |
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