CA2054910C - Nonwoven web with improved barrier properties - Google Patents

Abstract

There is disclosed a nonwoven web for use as a barrier layer in an SMS fabric laminate. The web is formed at commercially acceptable polymer melt throughputs (greater than 3 PIH) by using a reactor granule polyolefin, preferably polypropylene, that has been modified by the addition of peroxide in amounts ranging from up to 3000 ppm to reduce the molecular weight distribution from an initial molecular weight distribution of from 4.0 to 4.5 Mw/Mn to a range of from 2.2 to 3.5 Mw/Mn. Also the addition of peroxide increases the melt flow rate (lowers viscosity) to a range between 800 up to 5000 gms/10 min at 230°C. The resulting web has an average fiber size of from 1 to 3 microns and pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 7 to 12 microns, with a lesser amount of pores from 12 to 25 microns, with virtually no pores greater than 25 microns, and with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns.

Description

20~4910 A NONWOVEN WEB WllH IMPROVED
BARRIER PROPERTIES

0 Background of the Invention This invention relates generally to a nonwoven web having fine fibers and a small pore size distribution and a method for forming such a web. The method of the present invention uses a reactor granule resin having an initial broad molecular weight distribution which resin has been modified to narrow its molecular weight distribution and to increase its melt flow rate. Consequently the nonwoven web can be formed by melt-blowing at high throughputs. Such nonwoven webs are particularly useful as barrier layers for fabric l~min~tes.
Nonwoven fabric l~min~tes are useful for a wide variety of applications. Such nonwoven fabric l~min~tes are useful for wipers, towels, industrial garments, medical garments, medical drapes, and the like. Disposable fabric l~min~tes have achieved especially widespread use in hospital operating rooms for drapes, gowns, towels, footcovers, sterile wraps, and the like. Such surgical fabric l~min~tes are generally spun-bonded/melt-blown/spun-bonded (SMS) l~min~tes consisting of nonwoven outer layers of spun-bonded polypropylene and an interior barrier layer of melt-blown polypropylene. Particularly, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, the assignee of the present invention, has for a number of years manufactured and sold SMS nonwoven surgical fabric l~min~tes under the marks Spunguard(g~ and Evolution(~- Such SMS fabric l~min~tes have outside spun-205~910 bonded layers which are durable and an internal melt-blown barrier layer which is porous but which inhibits the strikethrough of fluids from the outside of the fabric laminate to the inside. In order for such a surgical fabric to perform properly, it is necessary that the melt-blown barrier layer have a fiber size and a pore size distribution that assures breathability of the fabric while at the same time inhibiting strikethrough of fluids.
The current melt-blown web used in the manufacture of the Kimberly-Clark Evolution~ medical fabric laminate has pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 10 to 15 microns with the peak of the pore size distribution greater than 10 microns. While such a melt-blown web has advantages as a barrier layer, significant improvement in porosity and inhibition of strikethrough can be achieved with a melt-blown web having average fiber sizes of from 1 to 3 microns and having a distribution of pore sizes so that the majority of pores are in the range of 7 to 12 microns with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns. More particularly, improved performance characteristics with respect to porosity and strikethrough can be achieved when the melt-blown web has pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 7 to 12 microns, with a lesser amount of pores from 12 to 25 microns, and with virtually no pores greater than 25 microns as measure by the Coulter Porometer.
According to the invention, there is provided a nonwoven web of fine fibers or a nonwoven fabric laminate having a barrier layer, including a nonwoven SMS fabric laminate having an internal barrier layer wherein the web or layer is formed from a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 800 gms/10 min at 230C.
The invention also resides in a nonwoven fabric laminate having a barrier layer which layer is formed from ~

205~910 a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.8 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 3000 gms/10 min at 230C.
According to an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a nonwoven web for use as a barrier layer in a fabric laminate which nonwoven web has an average fiber diameter of from 1 to 3 microns and pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 7 to 12 microns, with a lesser amount of pores from 12 to 25 microns, with virtually no pores greater than 25 microns, and with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns.
More specifically, the present invention may provide a nonwoven fabric laminate having a barrier layer of fine fibers and small pore size distribution such that the resulting fabric laminate has pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 5 to 10 microns, with a lesser amount of pores from 10 to 15 microns, with virtually no pores greater than 22 microns, and with the peak of the pore size distribution shifted downward by up to 5 microns from the peak of the melt-blown web alone.
The foregoing objectives are preferably obtained by forming a melt-blown web from a resin having a broad molecular weight distribution and having a high melt flow rate which resin is modified by the addition of a small amount of peroxide prior to processing to achieve an even higher melt flow rate (lower viscosity). In general, the present invention involves starting with a polymer in the form of reactor granules which polymer has a molecular weight distribution of 4.0 to 4.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate of about 400 gms/10 min at 230C. Such a molecular weight reactor granule polymer is then modified to reduce and narrow the polymer's molecular weight distribution to a range from 2.2 to 3.5 Mw/Mn by the addition of up to 3000 parts per million (ppm) of peroxide. During the melt-blowing process, the modified reactor granule polymer has ~`

-- 2054glO
- 3a -an increased melt flow rate from 400 gms/10 min. to a range between 800 up to 5000 gms/10 min at 230C.
Particularly, a polypropylene resin in the form of a reactor granule having a starting molecular weight distribution of 4.0 to 4.S Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate of from 1000 to 3000 gms/10 min. at 230C is combined with a small amount of peroxide, less than 500 ppm, to produce a modified polypropylene having a very high melt flow rate of up to 5000 gms/10 min. at 230C and a narrower molecular weight distribution of 2.8 to 3.5 Mw/Mn.

Alternatively, an improved melt-blown web for use as a barrier layer can be formed by utilizing a resin, particularly polypropylene, having a narrow molecular weight distribution and having a lower melt flow rate which s resin is modified by the addition of a larger amount of pero~ide prior to melt-blowing to achieve a high melt flow rate. The starting reactor granule polypropylene resin has a molecular weight distribution between 4.0 and 4.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate r~n~ing from 300 to 1000 gms/10 min.
0 at 230C. The polypropylene resin is modified by ~ding pero~ide in amounts r~ngin~ from 500 to 3000 ppm to (the higher amounts of pero~cide being used in connection with the lower initial melt flow rate). The modified polypropylene resin has a melt flow rate up to about 3000 gms/10 min. at 230C and a narrower molecular weight distribution of 2.2 to 2.8 Mw/Mn.
Most preferably, the starting polypropylene resin for the melt-blown web of the present invention is a polypropylene reactor granule which resin has a molecular weight distribution between 4.0 and 4.5 Mw/Mn, has a melt flow rate of about 2000 gms/10 min. at 230C, and is treated with about 500 ppm of pero~ide to produce a modified resin having a melt flow rate greater than 3000 gms/10 min. at 230C and a molec~ r weight distribution of from 2.8 to 3.5 2s Mw/Mn. T~h~e broader molecular weight distribution at the high melt flow rate helps minimi7e production of lint and polymer droplets.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings.

20~910 Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a schem~tic diagram of a forming m~chine which is used in m~ing the nonwoven fabric l~min~te s mcluding the melt-blown barrier layer of the present nvention;
Fig. 2 is a cross section view of the nonwoven fabric l~min~te of the present invention showing the layer configuration including the internal melt-blown barrier layer made in accordance with the present invention;
Fig 3 is a graph showing the pore size distribution for a melt-blown web made in accordance with the present invention (Sample 1), an SMS fabric l~min7~e incorporating such a melt-blown web as a barrier layer (Sample 2), a conventional melt-blown web (Sample 3), and a conventional SMS fabric l~min~te (Sample 4).

Detailed Description of the Invention While the invention will be described in connection with a prefemd embodiment, it will be understood that we do not intend to limit the invention to that embo-lime~t On the contrary, we intend to cover all alternatives, mo-lific~tions, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as de~med by the appended 2s claims.
Turning to Figure 1, there is shown schematically a forming m~chine 10 which is used to produce an SMS fabric l~min~te 12 having a melt-blown barrier layer 32 in accordance with the present invention. Particularly, the forming machine 10 consists of an endless foraminous forming belt 14 wrapped around rollers 16 and 18 so that the belt 14 is driven in the direction shown by the arrows. The fo~ning nl~ehine 10 has three stations, spun-bond station 20,' melt-blown station 22, and spun-bond station 24. It should be understood that more than three forming stations may be utilized to build up layers of higher basis weight.
Alternatively, each of the l~min~te layers may be formed separately, rolled, and later converted to the SMS fabric l~min~te off-line. In addition the fabric lamin~te 12 could be s formed of more than or less than three layers depending on the requirements for the particular end use for the fabric l~min~te 12.
The spun-bond stations 20 and 24 are conventional extruders with spinnerettes which form continuous fil~ments 0 of a polymer and deposit those filaments onto the forming belt 14 in a random interlaced fashion. The spun-bond stations 20 and 24 may include one or more spinnerette heads depending on the speed of the process and the particular polymer being used. Forming spun-bonded material is conventional in the art, and the design of such a spun-bonded forming station is thought to be well within the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art. The nonwoven spun-bonded webs 28 and 36 are prepared in conventional fashion such as illustrated by the following patents:
Dorschner et aL United States Patent No 3,692,618; Kinney United States Patent Nos. 3,338,992 and 3,341,394; Levy United States Patent No. 3,502,538; Hartmann United States Patent Nos. 3,502,763 and 3,909,009; Dobo et al. United States Patent No. 3,542,615; Harmon C~n~ n Patent No.
2s 803,714; and Appel et al. United States Patent No.
4,340,563. Other methods for forming a nonwoven web having con~-n-lous fil~mentc of a polymer are contemplated for use with the present invention.
Spun-bonded materials prepared with continuous filaments generally have at least three common features.
First, the polymer is continuously extruded through a spinnerette to form discrete filaments. Thereafter, the filaments are drawn either mechanically or pneumatically without bre~king in order to molecularly orient the polymer 3s ~llaments and achieve tenacity. Lastly, the continuous -filaments are deposited in a subst~nti~lly random m~nner onto a carrier belt to form a web. Particularly, the spun-bond station 20 produces spun-bond filaments 26 from a fiber forming polymer. The filaments are randomly laid on the belt 14 to form a spun-bonded external layer 28. The fiber forming polymer is described in greater detail below.
The melt-blown station 22 consists of a die 31 which is used to form microfibers 30. The throughput of the die 31 is specified in pounds of polymer melt per inch of die width 0 per hour (PIH). As the thermoplastic polymer exits the die 31, high pressure fluid, usually air, ~ttenll~tes and spreads the polymer stream to form microfibers 30. The microfibers 30 are randomly deposited on top of the spun-bond layer 28 and form a melt-blown layer 32. The construction and operation of the melt-blown station 22 for forming microfibers 30 and melt-blown layer 32 is considered conventional, and the design and operation are well within the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art.
Such skill is demonstrated by NRL Report 4364, "Manufacture of Super-Fine Organic Fibers", by V.A.
Wendt, E.L. Boon, and C.D. Fluharty; NRL Report 5265, "An Improved Device for the Formation of Super-Fine Thermoplastic Fibers", by K.D. Lawrence, R.T. Lukas, and J.A. Young; and United States Patent No. 3,849,241, issued 2s November 19, 1974, to Buntin et al. Other methods for forming a nonwoven web of microfibers are contemplated for use with the present invention.
The melt-blown station 22 produces fine fibers 30 from a fiber forming polymer which will be described in greater detail below. The fibers 30 are randomly deposited on top of spun-bond layer 28 to form a melt-blown internal layer 32. For an SMS fabric l~min~te, for e~ample, the melt-blown barrier layer 32 has a basis weight of preferably about 0.35-0.50 oZ.lyd.2.

- 20~491Q

After the internal layer 32 has been deposited by the melt-blown station 22 onto layer 28, spun-bond station 24 produces spun-bond filaments 34 which are deposited in random orientation on top of the melt-blown layer 32 to s produce e~temal spun-bond layer 36. For an SMS medical fabric l~min~te, for e~cample, the layers 28 and 36 each have a basis weight of preferably from about 0.30 oz./yd.2 to about 1.2 oz./yd.2.
The resulting SMS fabric l~min~te web 12 (Fig. 2) is then fed through bonding rolls 38 and 40. The surface of the bonding rolls 38 and 40 are provided with a raised pattem such as spots or grids. The bonding rolls are heated to the softening temperature of the polymer used to form the layers of the web 12. As the web 12 passes between the heated bonding rolls 38 and 40, the material is compressed and heated by the bonding rolls in accordance with the pattem on the rolls to create a pattem of discrete areas, such as 41 shown in Fig. 2, which areas are bonded from layer to layer and are bonded with respect to the particular filaments and/or fibers within each layer. Such discrete area or spot bonding is well known in the art and can be carried out as described by means of h~3te-1 rolls or by means of ultrasonic he~tin~ of the web 12 to produced discrete area thermally bonded filarnents, fibers, and layers. In accordance with 2s conventional practice described in Brock et al., United StatesPatent No. 4,041,203, it is preferable for the fibers of the melt-blown layer in the fabric l~min~e to fuse within the bond areas while the filaments of the spun-bonded layers retain their integrity in order to achieve good strength characteristics.
In accordance with the present invention, we have found that the throughput (PIH) of the die head 22 may be increased while at the same time providing fime fibers by using a reactor granule form of the polymer rather than a pelletized form which polymer in reactor granular form has ZOS4glO

a molecular weight distribution of 4.0 to 4.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate of about 400 gms/10 min at 230C. Such a molec~ r weight reactor granule polymer is then modified to reduce the polymer's molecular weight distribution to a s range from 2.2 to 3.5 Mw/Mn by the addition of up to 3000 ppm of pero~ide. During the melt-blowing process, the modified reactor granule polymer has an increased melt flow rate from 400 gms/10 min. to a range from 800 up to 5000 gms/10 min at 230C. By modifying the starting 0 polymer, the resulting polymer will have a lower extensional viscosity, thus taking less force to ~tteml~te the fibers as they exit the die 31. Therefore, with the same air flow, the higher melt flow polymer will produce finer fibers at commercially acceptable throughputs. A commercially acceptable throughput is above 3 PIH. Lower throughputs, however, will further reduce the fiber and pore sizes of the melt-blown layer 32.
The resulting melt-blown web 32 with its fine fibers and resulting small pore size distribution has superior barrier properties when incorporated into a fabric l~min~te.
Particularly, the llnlamin~ted melt-blown web 32 has an average fiber size of from 1 to 3 microns and pore sizes distributed predomin~ntly in the range from 7 to 12 microns, with a lesser amount of pores from 12 to 25 2s microns, with virtually no pores greater than 25 microns, and with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 mlcrons.
When the melt-blown web 32 is incorporated into the SMS fabric l~min~te 12, the peak of the pore size distribution in the resulting SMS fabric l~min~te is shifted downward by up to 5 mic~ons. The SMS fabric l~min~te 12 has pore sizes distributed predomin~ntly in the range from 5 to 10 microns, with a lesser amount of pores from 10 to 15 microns, with vintually no pores greater than 22 microns, and with the peak of the pore size distribution shifted downward by up to 5 microns.
Figure 3 shows the pore size distribution for a melt-blown web made in accordance with the present invention (Sample 1), an SMS fabric l~min~te made using the melt-blown web of the present invention (Sample 2), a conventional melt-blown web (Sample 3), and an SMS fabric ~min~te such as Kimberly-Clark's Evolution~ SMS medical fabric l~min~e made using the conventional melt-blown web 0 (Sample 4). Particularly, the melt-blown web of the present invention and the SMS fabric lamin~te of the present invention were made in accor~ance with Flc~mple 1 below.
The present invention can be carried out with polyolefins, including polypropylene, polyethylene, or other alphaolefins polymerized with Ziegler-Natta catalyst technology, and copolymers, terpolymers, or blends thereof.
Polypropylene is preferred.
Two methods can be used to achieve the high melt flow polymer which is useful in producing a nowoven web of fine fibers at commercial production speeds. The first and preferred method is to start with a reactor granule polypropylene resin having a molecular weight distribution between 4.0 and 4.5 Mw/Mn and a high melt flow rate of 1000 to 3000 gms/10 min. at 230C. A small amount of pero~ide is added to the starting resin to modify the molecular weight distribution to a range of 2.8 to 3.5 Mw/Mn and to increase the melt flow rate up to 5000 gms/10 min at 230 C.
The second but less preferred method for producing nonwoven webs of fine fibers in accordance with the present invention is to start with a reactor granule resin having a molecular weight distribution )~lweell 4.0 and 4.5 Mw/Mn and a lower melt flow rate. By ~d-lin~ higher amounts of pero~ide to the starting resin the melt flow rate is increased, and the molecular weight distribution is broadened. The starting reactor granular polypropylene resin has a molecular weight distribution between 4.0 and 4.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate ranging from 300 to 1000 gms/10 min.
at 230C. The polypropylene resin is modified by ~dding s pero~ide in amounts r~n~in~ from 500 to 3000 ppm to (the higher amounts of pero~ide being used in connection with the lower initial melt flow rate). The modified polypropylene resin has a melt flow rate up to about 3000 gms/10 min. at 230C and a narrower molecular weight lo distribution of 2.2 to 2.8 Mw/Mn. This second method produces a narrower molecular weight distribution betweell 2.2 and 2.8 Mw/Mn than the preferred method and thus is likely to produce more lint and polymer droplets.
Fx~n~le 1 In order to illustrate the foregoing invention, a melt-blown web was formed on a conventional melt-blowing forming line using the modified polymer of the present invention. In addition, an SMS fabric l~min~te was formed using the inventive melt-blown web as an internal barrier layer. The SMS fabric l~min~te had spun bonded layers formed in conventional fashion of polypropylene. The SMS
fabric l~min~te was preferably formed on-line by a multi-station forming m~c~ine as illustrated in Fig. 1. The melt-blown web and melt-blown barrier layer for the SMS fabric laminate were formed from reactor granules of polypropylene having a starting molecular weight distribution between 4.0 and 4.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate of about 2000 gms/10 min. at 230C. The starting polypropylene resin was treated with about 500 ppm of peroxide to produce a resin having a melt flow rate greater than 3000 gms/10 min. at 230C and a molecular weight distribution of from 2.8 to 3.5 Mw~Mn. The broader 3s molec~ r weight distribution at the high melt flow rate helps minimi7e production of lint and polymer droplets.

The melt-blown web, prepared in accordance with the foregoing, had a basis weight of 0.50 oz./yd 2 and was designated as Sarnple 1. The SMS fabric l~min~te, having a melt-blown intemal barner layer made in accordance with s the present invention, had spun-bonded layers with a basis weight of 0.55 oz./yd.2, and the melt-blown barrier layer had a basis weight of 0.50 oz./yd.2. The inventive SMS
fabric l~min~te was design~te~l as Sample 2.
In addition, a conventional melt-blown web and a 0 conventional SMS fabric l~min~te (Kimberly-Clark's Evolution(~) fabric l~min~te) hav~ng the same basis weights as the inventive web and inven~ive SMS fabnc l~min~e were prepared as controls. The control melt-blown web was designated Sarnple 3, and the control SMS fabric l~min~te was designated Sarnple 4. The Sarnples 1 through 4 possess the characteristics set forth in T~bles 1 and 2 below:

T~hle 1 % Pore Size Distribution 0.5~ 5-IO~L 10-15U 15-~0U

Sample 1 50.7 45.8 2.9 2s Sample 2 1.8 55.4 40.3 1.9 Sample 3 10.5 67.7 21.4 Sample 4 1.2 20.0 61.6 11.6 Maximum pore 20-25~1 ~5-30~ e Sample 1 0.6 0 Sample 2 0.4 0 22.0 1, Sample 3 0.5 0.1 Sample 4 1.2 0.9 38.2 205~91~

The pore size distribution set out in Table 1 was measured by the Coulter Porometer. The pore size distribution set out in Table 1 is shown gr~phic~lly in Fig. 3.
s The plots shown in Fig. 3 show the finer pore size distribution for Sarnples 1 and 2 as compared to Samples 3 and 4 respectively. The pore size distribution for the inventive web and inventive SMS fabric laminate is narrower than the conventional melt-blown web and 0 conventional SMS fabric l~min~te. It should be noted that the pore size distribution for the inventive SMS fabric l~min~te has the peak of its curve shifted downward by up to 5 microns from the peak of the melt-blown web alone before l~min~tion. Apparently the l~min~tion process and the additional spunbonded layers cause the pore structure to close up thereby increasing the barrier properties of the resulting fabric l~min~te. The distribution of the pore sizes preflomin~ntly between 5 to 10 microns represents a fabric l~min~te (Sample 2) that is finer in its construction than conventional fabric l~min~tes (Sample 4) with the resulting improved barrier properties.
The improved barrier properties of the inventive fabric l~min~te (Sample 2) as compared to the conventional fabric l~nin~te (Sample 4) is shown in Table 2 below.
T~ble ~
Barrier Properties Rloo-l Strikethro~l~h t=Omin. t= 1 mi~
p= 1~si ~ si Sample 2 2.5% 12.4%
Sample 4 10.6% 14.5%

P~cteri~ Filtr~tion Efficiency Sample 2 95.4%
Sample 4 91.9%
s The blood strike through was measured by the following procedure. A 7 in. by 9 in. piece of each sample fabric was laid on top of a similar sized piece of blotter 0 paper. The blotter paper was supported on a water filled bladder which was in turn supported on a jack. The jack was equipped with a gauge to determine the force e~certed from which the pressure e~erted by the bladder on the blotter paper was calc~ ted. A 1.4 gm sample of bovine blood was placed on top of the fabric sample and covered with a piece of plastic film. A stationary plate was located above the plastic film. The water bladder was then jacked up until a pressure of 1 psi was ~tt~ined on the bottom of the blotter paper. As soon as the pressure was achieved, that pressure was held for the desired time. Once the time had elapsed, the pressure was released, and the blotter paper was removed and weighed. Based on the difference in weight of the blotter paper before and after, the l,ercentage strike through was dete~nined.
The test results indicate that the SMS fabric 1~ min~te made in accordance wi~ the present invention has superior strike through characteristics especially for short elapsed times. Short elapsed times represent the situations that are most often encountered in medical use where blood generally will not remain for long on the drape or gown before it can run off.
The filter properties were me~sllred to dete~nine the ability of the SMS fabric 1~ min~te to block the penetration of air born bacteria. The samples were tested in accordance 3s with Mil. Spec. 36954-C 4.4.1.1.1 and 4.4.1.2.

2Jo~910 The 3.5% increase in efficiency within the plus 90~o range represents a significant improvement in filtration and the ability to preclude the passage of air bom bacteria.

Claims (32)

1. A nonwoven web of fine fibers formed from a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 800 gms/10 min at 230° C.

2. The nonwoven web of claim 1, wherein the web is formed at a polymer throughput of greater than 3 PIH.

3. The nonwoven web of claim 1, wherein the web has an average fiber size from 1 to 3 microns and pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 7 to 12 microns with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns.

4. A nonwoven web formed from a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.8 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 3000 gms/10 min at 230° C.

5. The nonwoven web of claim 4, wherein the modified polymer results from adding up to 500 ppm of peroxide to the reactor granules prior to forming the web.

6. The nonwoven web of claim 4 or 5, wherein the web is formed at a polymer throughput of greater than 3 PIH.

7. The nonwoven web of any one of claims to 6, wherein the web has an average fiber size from 1 to 3 microns and pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 7 to 12 microns with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns.

8. A nonwoven web formed from a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 2.8 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 800 gms/10 min at 230° C.

9. The nonwoven web of claim 8, wherein the modified polymer results from adding from 500 to 3000 ppm of peroxide to the reactor granules prior to forming the web.

10. The nonwoven web of claim 8 or 9, wherein the web is formed at a polymer throughput of greater than 3 PIH.

11. The nonwoven web of claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein the web has an average fiber size from 1 to 3 microns and pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 7 to 12 microns with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns.

12. A method of forming a nonwoven web having fine fibers and a small pore size distribution comprising the steps of melt-blowing a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 800 gms/10 min at 230° C.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymer is throughput at a rate greater than 3PIH.

14. A method of forming a nonwoven web having fine fibers and a small pore size distribution comprising the steps of melt-blowing a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.8 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 3000 gms/10 min at 230° C.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the modified polymer results from adding up to 500 ppm of peroxide to the reactor granules prior to forming the nonwoven web.

16. The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the polymer is throughput at a rate greater than 3 PIH.

17. A method of forming a nonwoven web having fine fibers and a small pore size distribution comprising the steps of melt-blowing a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 2.8 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 800 gms/10 min at 230° C.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the modified polymer results from adding from 500 to 3000 ppm of peroxide to the reactor granules prior to forming the nonwoven web.

19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the polymer is throughput at a rate greater than 3 PIH.

20. A nonwoven fabric laminate having a barrier layer which layer is formed from a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 800 gms/10 min at 230°C.

21. A nonwoven fabric laminate having a barrier layer which layer is formed from a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.8 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 3000 gms/10 min at 230°C.

22. A nonwoven SMS fabric laminate having an internal barrier layer which layer is formed from a reactor granule of a modified polymer which polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 800 gms/10 min at 230°C.

23. The nonwoven fabric laminate of claim 20 wherein said modified polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 2.8 Mw/Mn.

24. The nonwoven SMS fabric laminate of claim 22 wherein said modified polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.2 and 2.8 Mw/Mn.

25. The nonwoven SMS fabric laminate of claim 22 wherein said modified polymer has a molecular weight distribution between 2.8 and 3.5 Mw/Mn and a melt flow rate greater than 3000 gms/10 min at 230°C.

26. The nonwoven fabric laminate of claim 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25, wherein the polymer is a polyolefin.

27. The nonwoven fabric laminate of claim 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25, wherein the polymer is polypropylene.

28. The nonwoven fabric laminate of any one of claims 20 to 27, wherein the fabric laminate has pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 5 to 10 microns with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns.

29. The nonwoven fabric laminate of any one of claims 20 to 27, wherein the fabric laminate has pore sizes distributed predominantly in the range from 5 to 10 microns, with a lesser amount of pores from 10 to 15 microns, with virtually no pores greater than 22 microns, and with the peak of the pore size distribution less than 10 microns.

30. A sterilization wrap comprising the laminate of claim 20, 22, 28 or 29.

31. A recreational fabric comprising the laminate of claim 20, 22, 28 or 29.

32. A surgical fabric comprising the laminate of claim 20, 22, 28 or 29.