CA2035186A1 - Salt additive composition for inhibiting formation of yellow brine - Google Patents
Salt additive composition for inhibiting formation of yellow brineInfo
- Publication number
- CA2035186A1 CA2035186A1 CA002035186A CA2035186A CA2035186A1 CA 2035186 A1 CA2035186 A1 CA 2035186A1 CA 002035186 A CA002035186 A CA 002035186A CA 2035186 A CA2035186 A CA 2035186A CA 2035186 A1 CA2035186 A1 CA 2035186A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- composition
- present
- level
- sodium chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 14
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 alkali metal citrate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDDLHHRCDSJVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7028-40-2 Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O BDDLHHRCDSJVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/40—Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/50—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents
- B01J49/53—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents for cationic exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure Additive compositions for sodium chloride are disclosed which minimize the tendency of certain aqueous salt brines to exhibit "yellow brine", or the presence of an unappealing yellow tinge or color.
The additive compositions include from about 0.1 to 50% by weight ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or its salts and from about 99.9 to 50%
by weight alkali metal citrate, most preferably sodium citrate, or citric acid. The additives may be mixed with a preponderant quantity of sodium chloride to yield final salt mixtures, e.g., such mixtures contain from about 99.5 to 99.99% by weight sodium chloride, and correspondingly from about 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of additive.
(Docket No. 21242)
The additive compositions include from about 0.1 to 50% by weight ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or its salts and from about 99.9 to 50%
by weight alkali metal citrate, most preferably sodium citrate, or citric acid. The additives may be mixed with a preponderant quantity of sodium chloride to yield final salt mixtures, e.g., such mixtures contain from about 99.5 to 99.99% by weight sodium chloride, and correspondingly from about 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of additive.
(Docket No. 21242)
Description
2~3~
SALT A[:\D!TIVE COMPOSITION FOR
-INHIBITING FORMATI(:)N OF YELLOW BRINE
Back~round of the Invention ~i. Field of the Invention The present invention is broadly concerned with composi-tions useful for addition to bulk sodium chloride in order to minimize the phenomenon known as "yellow brine", as well as final salt mixtures containing the compositions of the invention. Such final salt mixtures are substantially free from yellow brine problems, and can be used in various applications, including use as regenerating media for cation exchange resins and food processing. The additive compositions of the present invention broadly include respective minor amounts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its disodiurn or tetrasodium salts and an alkali metal citrate such as sodium citrate or citric acid.
20 Description of the Prior Art Salt processors have long been acquainted with the problem of "yellow brine." This refers to the fact that brines made from certain salt deposits exhibit an unappealing yellow tinge or color. This condition is believed to result from the fact that the salt deposits contain magnesium or calcium impurities, as well as unwanted iron. While in certain industrial applications, the presence of yellow brine color is not objectionable, it is a positive detriment when the salt is used in food or other consumer applications for example.
U.S. Patent No. 4,839,086 describes additive compositions for salt which comprise respective minor amounts of citric acid and a salt of citric acid. When added to sodium chloride, the resulting mixture is useful in the context of regeneration of cation exchange resins found ~ 30 in water softening systems. In preferred forms, the additive compositions of Patent No. 4,839,086 include and anti-caking agent such as an alkyl substituted naphthalene sulfonate. Use of such agents of course increases the cost of the final additives. Patent No. 4,839,086 is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
.
, ~
.
203~18$
SummarV of the Invention The present invention provides an improved additive composition for addition to sodium chloride so as to eliminate or substantially minimize the phenomenon of yellow brine. Broadly speaking, the additive composition of the invention cornprise from about 0.5 to 30% by weight ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and from about 99.5 to 70% by weight alkali metal citrate. Use of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid has been found to eliminate the need for an anti-caking agent, and moreover creates a desirable low pH (i.e., from about 4 - 8) when added to salt and the latter used to form a saturated brine.
Moreover, it is believed that the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid serves to complex calcium and magnesium ions present in the sodium chloride as impurities which have been found responsible for stimulating the yellow color development.
The invention also comprehends final sodium chloride compositions including a preponderant amount of sodium chloride together with respective minor amounts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and alkali metal citrate. Such final compositions can be used in food applications for example, particularly when it is considered that the additive compositions of the invention are forrned using constituents which have long been acceptable for food usage. Moreover, the final salt compositions find significant utility as regenerating media for cation exchange resins.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments As explained above, the additive compositions of the invention broadly contain from about 0.1 to 50% by weight ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid and from about 99.9 to 50% by weight alkali metal citrate. Preferably the alkali metal citrate is selected from the group consisting of sodium or potassium citratel and most preferably sodium citrate.
In more preferred forms, the ethylenediaminetatraacetic acid is present at a level from about 3 to 10% by weight, while the alkali metal citrate is present at a level from about 97 to 90% by weight. Most preferably, the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is used at a level of .
;`
- 2035~8~
about 6% by weight, while the alkali metal citrate is present at a level of about 94% by weight.
The final sodium chloride cornpositions in accordance with the invention include a preponderance of sodium chloride, i.e., from about 99.5 to 99.99% by weight, and most preferably at a level of about 99.75% by weight. Thus, the two-component additive composition is mixed with sodium chloride at a level of from about 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, and most preferably at a level of about 0.25% by weight. In all instances, the amount of alkali metal citrate present in the final sodium chloride mixture will be greater than the amount of ethylenediamine-` tetraacetic acid present therein.
In terms of the individual constituents of the overall sodium chloride compositions of the invention, the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is present at a level from about 0.00001 to 0.025% by weight, and most preferably at about 0.015% by weight. The alkali metal citrate on the other hand is present at a level from about 0.00999 to 0.4995% by weight, and most preferably at about 0.235% by weight.
In preparative procedures, the compositions designed for addition to sodium chloride are produced by initially blending together ` 20 the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or disodium or tetrasodium sal~s thereof and alkali metal citrate or citric acid through the use of a ` conventional blender to assure homogeneity. This preblended, dry matcrial can then be used to manufacture the final salt mixtures of the invention. Such typically involves initially blending of the dry additive with a preponderant amount of sodium chloride. Thereaftsr, the mixture may ba subjected to a conventional pelletizing procedure to yield pellets comprising primarily sodium chloride but with the important adjuncts of the present invention homogeneously mixed and compaoted therewith.
Of course, final salt mixtures can also be produced by directly blending the individual constituents of the additive compositions into the sodium chlorlde.
` `
SALT A[:\D!TIVE COMPOSITION FOR
-INHIBITING FORMATI(:)N OF YELLOW BRINE
Back~round of the Invention ~i. Field of the Invention The present invention is broadly concerned with composi-tions useful for addition to bulk sodium chloride in order to minimize the phenomenon known as "yellow brine", as well as final salt mixtures containing the compositions of the invention. Such final salt mixtures are substantially free from yellow brine problems, and can be used in various applications, including use as regenerating media for cation exchange resins and food processing. The additive compositions of the present invention broadly include respective minor amounts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its disodiurn or tetrasodium salts and an alkali metal citrate such as sodium citrate or citric acid.
20 Description of the Prior Art Salt processors have long been acquainted with the problem of "yellow brine." This refers to the fact that brines made from certain salt deposits exhibit an unappealing yellow tinge or color. This condition is believed to result from the fact that the salt deposits contain magnesium or calcium impurities, as well as unwanted iron. While in certain industrial applications, the presence of yellow brine color is not objectionable, it is a positive detriment when the salt is used in food or other consumer applications for example.
U.S. Patent No. 4,839,086 describes additive compositions for salt which comprise respective minor amounts of citric acid and a salt of citric acid. When added to sodium chloride, the resulting mixture is useful in the context of regeneration of cation exchange resins found ~ 30 in water softening systems. In preferred forms, the additive compositions of Patent No. 4,839,086 include and anti-caking agent such as an alkyl substituted naphthalene sulfonate. Use of such agents of course increases the cost of the final additives. Patent No. 4,839,086 is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
.
, ~
.
203~18$
SummarV of the Invention The present invention provides an improved additive composition for addition to sodium chloride so as to eliminate or substantially minimize the phenomenon of yellow brine. Broadly speaking, the additive composition of the invention cornprise from about 0.5 to 30% by weight ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and from about 99.5 to 70% by weight alkali metal citrate. Use of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid has been found to eliminate the need for an anti-caking agent, and moreover creates a desirable low pH (i.e., from about 4 - 8) when added to salt and the latter used to form a saturated brine.
Moreover, it is believed that the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid serves to complex calcium and magnesium ions present in the sodium chloride as impurities which have been found responsible for stimulating the yellow color development.
The invention also comprehends final sodium chloride compositions including a preponderant amount of sodium chloride together with respective minor amounts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and alkali metal citrate. Such final compositions can be used in food applications for example, particularly when it is considered that the additive compositions of the invention are forrned using constituents which have long been acceptable for food usage. Moreover, the final salt compositions find significant utility as regenerating media for cation exchange resins.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments As explained above, the additive compositions of the invention broadly contain from about 0.1 to 50% by weight ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid and from about 99.9 to 50% by weight alkali metal citrate. Preferably the alkali metal citrate is selected from the group consisting of sodium or potassium citratel and most preferably sodium citrate.
In more preferred forms, the ethylenediaminetatraacetic acid is present at a level from about 3 to 10% by weight, while the alkali metal citrate is present at a level from about 97 to 90% by weight. Most preferably, the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is used at a level of .
;`
- 2035~8~
about 6% by weight, while the alkali metal citrate is present at a level of about 94% by weight.
The final sodium chloride cornpositions in accordance with the invention include a preponderance of sodium chloride, i.e., from about 99.5 to 99.99% by weight, and most preferably at a level of about 99.75% by weight. Thus, the two-component additive composition is mixed with sodium chloride at a level of from about 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, and most preferably at a level of about 0.25% by weight. In all instances, the amount of alkali metal citrate present in the final sodium chloride mixture will be greater than the amount of ethylenediamine-` tetraacetic acid present therein.
In terms of the individual constituents of the overall sodium chloride compositions of the invention, the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is present at a level from about 0.00001 to 0.025% by weight, and most preferably at about 0.015% by weight. The alkali metal citrate on the other hand is present at a level from about 0.00999 to 0.4995% by weight, and most preferably at about 0.235% by weight.
In preparative procedures, the compositions designed for addition to sodium chloride are produced by initially blending together ` 20 the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or disodium or tetrasodium sal~s thereof and alkali metal citrate or citric acid through the use of a ` conventional blender to assure homogeneity. This preblended, dry matcrial can then be used to manufacture the final salt mixtures of the invention. Such typically involves initially blending of the dry additive with a preponderant amount of sodium chloride. Thereaftsr, the mixture may ba subjected to a conventional pelletizing procedure to yield pellets comprising primarily sodium chloride but with the important adjuncts of the present invention homogeneously mixed and compaoted therewith.
Of course, final salt mixtures can also be produced by directly blending the individual constituents of the additive compositions into the sodium chlorlde.
` `
Claims (18)
1. A composition for addition to sodium chloride and comprising from about 0.1 to 50% by weight ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and salts thereof and from about 99.9 to 50% by weight alkali metal citrate.
2. The composition of Claim 1, said alkali metal citrate being selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium citrate.
3. The composition of Claim 2, said alkali metal citrate being sodium citrate.
4. The composition of Claim 1, said ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid being present at a level of from about 3 - 10% by weight, said alkali metal citrate being present at a level from about 97 to 90%
by weight.
by weight.
5. The composition of Claim 4, said ethylenediamino-tetraacetic acid being present at a level of about 6% by weight, said alkali metal citrate being present at a level of about 94% by weight.
6, A sodium chloride composition comprising:
a quantity of sodium chloride;
respective minor amounts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and an alkali metal citrate admixed with said sodium chloride.
a quantity of sodium chloride;
respective minor amounts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and an alkali metal citrate admixed with said sodium chloride.
7. The composition of Claim 6, the amount of said alkali metal citrate present in said composition being greater than the amount of said ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
8. The composition of Claim 6, said sodium chloride being present at a level of about 99.5 to 99.99% by weight.
9. The composition of Claim 8, said sodium chloride being present at a level from about 99.75% by weight.
10. The composition of Claim 6, said ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid being present at a level from about 0.00005 to 0.15% by weight.
11. The composition of Claim 10, said ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid being present at a level from about 0.015% by weight.
12. The composition of Claim 6, said alkali metal citrate being present at a level from about 0.00995 to 0.4975% by weight.
13. The composition of Claim 12, said alkali metal citrate being present at a level of about 0.235% by weight.
14. The composition of Claim 6, said alkali metal citrate being selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium citrate.
15. The composition of Claim 14, said alkali metal citrate being sodium citrate.
16. A composition for addition to sodium chloride and comprising from about 0.1 to 50% by weight ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and salts thereof and from about 99.9 to 50% by weight citric acid.
17. The composition of Claim 16, said ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid being present at a level of from about 3 - 10% by weight, said citric acid being present at a level from about 97 to 90% by weight.
18. The composition of Claim 17, said ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid being present at a level of about 6% by weight, said citric acid being present at a level of about 94% by weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US62999990A | 1990-12-19 | 1990-12-19 | |
| US629,999 | 1990-12-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2035186A1 true CA2035186A1 (en) | 1992-06-20 |
Family
ID=24525340
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002035186A Abandoned CA2035186A1 (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1991-01-29 | Salt additive composition for inhibiting formation of yellow brine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU9057391A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2035186A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992011336A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116395717B (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-10-03 | 内蒙古星汉新材料有限公司 | Method for improving morphology of potassium fluoride |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3454503A (en) * | 1967-07-19 | 1969-07-08 | Shell Oil Co | Process for regenerating cation exchange resins |
| US4071446A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1978-01-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | Method for regeneration of weak acid cation exchange resin |
| DE2934863A1 (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-09 | Tetra Werke Dr.Rer.Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh, 4520 Melle | METHOD FOR REGENERATING ION EXCHANGERS |
| JPS5851977A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1983-03-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Regeneration of chemical decontaminating liquid |
| US4540715A (en) * | 1983-09-06 | 1985-09-10 | Morton Thiokol, Inc. | Surfactant and alkali metal citrate composition for recharging a water softener |
| US4664811A (en) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-05-12 | Nalco Chemical Company | Prevention of iron fouling of ion exchange resins |
| US4839086A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-06-13 | Zaid Najib H | Composition for regenerating cation exchange resin |
| JPH02152550A (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1990-06-12 | Yuho Chem Kk | Detergent for ion exchange membrane |
-
1991
- 1991-01-29 CA CA002035186A patent/CA2035186A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-08 AU AU90573/91A patent/AU9057391A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-08 WO PCT/US1991/008368 patent/WO1992011336A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU9057391A (en) | 1992-07-22 |
| WO1992011336A1 (en) | 1992-07-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |