CA2025122A1

CA2025122A1 - Smoke suppressed flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin compositions

Info

Publication number: CA2025122A1
Application number: CA002025122A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Enrico J. Termine; Nicolai A. Favstritsky; Kevin G. Taylor
Original assignee: Great Lakes Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Great Lakes Chemical Corp
Priority date: 1989-09-15
Filing date: 1990-09-12
Publication date: 1991-03-16
Also published as: WO1991004295A2; EP0491870A1; WO1991004295A3; JPH05501423A; IL95674A; AU640959B2; AU6530590A; IL95674A0; KR927003726A

Abstract

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ABSTRACT
Smoke suppressed flame retardant thermoset resin compositions comprise bicyclic phosphate compound(s), flame retardant(s) and unsaturated polyester or other thermoset materials. These compositions exhibit a reduced tendency to smoke under conditions of burning.

Description

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CROSS-REFERRNCE
This application is a continuat:ion-in-part of co-pending application Serial No. 289,973, filed December 22, 1988.

BACKGROUND OF THE I NVENT I ON
Field of the Invention. This invention relates to thermoset polymers and specifically to additiv,es which provide smoke suppression to unsaturatad polyester ("UPE") and other thermoset resin compositions and anhance the effect of flame retardant agents incorporated therewith.
Description of the Prior Art. It is known in the art that the flammability of thermoset resins such as unsaturated polyesters can be reduced by incorporation of a flame retardant agent. Typical flame retardant agents include reactive ur additive halogenated organic compounds, inorganic fillers, and special formulations based on phosphorous and ammonium salts.
Although efficient in suppressing the rate of combustion in a resin system, most flame retardants tend to affect adversely one or more key properties of the resin. For example, many flame retardant additives are ineffective at producing low smoke ("smoXe suppressed") formulations.
Recent public awareness about risk and hazard assessment during fire situations, and technical limitations of conventional flame retardant additives warrant a need for improved 1ame retardant thermoset compositions. In particular, a need exists for a thermoset composition that passes flammability standards with low smoke and combustion by-product formation, and does not detract from overall polymer performance.

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Many prior art references describe the use of a variety of smoke additives in unsaturated polyesters. Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, Vol. 63, No. lOA, McGraw-Hill, Inc., pp. 179-180 (1986). However, the selection of a suitable smoXe suppressant for thermoset resins is not predictable. Selection is particu-larly difficult when flame retardants are employed, exacerbated by the complex interaction between the polymer and the flame retardant agent.
Hechenbleikner, et al. describe in U.S. Patent No. 3,293,327 the production of bicyclic phosphites, phosphonates, thiophosphates, and selenophosphates. These compositions are said to be stabilizers for vinyl halide resins. They are alleged to be useful as heat stabilizers for vinyl chloride resin, and as antioxidants for fats and oils. The Hechenbleikner patent does not specify the use of bicyclic phosphates to achieve low smoke thermoset resin compositions, nor does it disclose that cyclic phosphates of the present invention coul~ be used with flame retardant agents to produce smoke suppressed flame retardant thermoset compositions.
British Patent No. g99,793 ~escribes a process for producing organic phosphates by ~ubjecting organic phosphites to reaction with peracetic acid. This patent shows a method for producing the most preferred bicyclic phosphate of the present invention, 2,6,7-trioxa-l-phosphobicyclo~2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol-l-oxide and teaches the use of acetal ring-containing phosphates as plasticizers or functional fluids. The British patent, however, does not disclose the present invention. It does not mention ' ', :~,,, , ~

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~ yclic phosphates as being useful for flame retardant thermoset resins, nor that the most preferred bicyclic phosphate of the present invention can be used with flame retardant-additives to yield improved thermoset compositions.
Hills, et al. describe in U.S. Patent No. 3,873,496 a 1ame retardant polyester composition which contains 5 to 25 percent of a hydroxymethyl bicyclic phosphate compound as a ~lame retardant additive. Hills did not observe the ability for bicyclic phos-phates to act as smoke suppressors for thermoset resin compositions which employ other compounds as the primary flame retardant additive.
Halpern, e~ al. describe in U.S. Patent No. 4,341,694 a composition comprising 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphobicyclo[2.~.2]-octane-4-methanol-1-oxide and a nitrogen-containing co-additive, which are intumescent and are adaptable to flame retard polyolefins, polyvinylaromatic resins, polycarbonates, PVC and blends thereof. Halpern did not observe any smoke suppression of the present invention.
Parr, et al. describe in U.S. Patent No. 4,801,625 a flame resistant composition having (1) an organic polymeric substance in intimate contact with (2) a bicyclic phosphorous compound, and (3) a gas producing compound. Parr is silent on the use of bicyclic compounds to attain smoke suppressed flame retardant thermoset compositions.
Accordingly, a primary object o~ this invention is to provide smoke suppressed flame retardant thermoset resin compositions.

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GL354.APP ~J ~3 ~J 3i~ 2~, A related object is to provide flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin compositions with a reduced tendency to smoke under burning conditions.
A further object is to provide unsaturated polyester resin compositions incorporating bicyclic phosphat~ compound and flame retardant agents.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
The foregoing and other object~, advantages and features of the present invention may be achievable with smoke suppressed thermoset resin compositions incorporating an additive mixture comprising a flame retardant agent and a bicyclic phosphate compound of the the followin~ Formula (I):

O _ - R

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X

where X is OH, OR', or OC(O~R'; R i6 H or a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched-chain Cl-C17 alkyl; and R' i8 a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched chain Cl-C17 alkyl. The present invention is particularly useul with isophthalic un~aturated polyesters, orthophthalic unsaturated polyesters, vinylester resins, and epoxy resins. Compositions in accordance with this invention exhibit a reduced tendency to smoke under burning conditions.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention relates to smoke suppressed flame retardant thermoset resin compositions. In pa:rticular, the invention relates to unsaturated polyesters, vinylester resins and epoxy resin compositions which are flame retardant and which exhibit a reduced tendency to smoke when burning. Compositions in accordance with this invention incorporate an additive mixture comprising one or more bicyclic phosphate compounds and one or more halogen-containing flame retardants.
Preferred bicyclic phosphates in accordance with this invention are compounds of Formula (I) where X is OH or OC(O)R'.
The most preferred bicyclic compounds are 2,6,7-trioxa-phosphobicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol-1-oxide (Compound BCP, that is, Formula [I] when R is H and X is OH), and 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphobicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol, acetate, 1-oxide (Compound BCP-A, that is, when R is H and X is OC(O)CH3).
The flame retardant agent employed in accordance with the present invention may be any common flame retardant agent which can be used to reduce the flammability of thermoset resins, ~uch as halogenated compounds containing bromine and chlorine, or inorganic materials, such as metal hydrates, metal borates, antimony-containing compounds, or phosphorous-containing compounds.
Preferred halogen-containing compounds are di(octyl)tetrabromophthalate, hexabromocyclododecane, tetrabromobisphenol A, te.trabromobisphenol A
bis-(dibromopropylether), dibromo(dibromoethyl)cyclohexane, .
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atrabromocyclooctane, bis-(dibromonorbornane dicarboximido)ethane, bis~(tetrabromopht~alimido)ethane, Diels-Alder adduct of chlorinated cyclopentadiene and unsaturated cycloaliphatic compound, bis-(tribromophenoxyethyl)-tetrabromobisphenol A ether, pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether, bis-(tribromophenoxy)ethane, bis~(pentabromophenoxy)ethane, chloropentabromocyclohexane, (tribromophenoxy)-(dibromononylphenoxy)ethane, pentabromoethylbenzene, pentabromododecylbenzene, carbonate oligomers of tetrabromobisphenol A, poly(bromostyrene), and brominated polystyrene, poly(bromophenylene) ether, and mixtures thereof.
Substantially any suitable metal hydrates and oxides may be employed as flame retardant agents, including hydrates and oxides of aluminum, iron, zinc, magnesium, tin, molybdenum and antimony.
Alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and antimony trioxide are the preferred compounds in this class.
Suitable metal boron-containing flame retardant compounds include zinc, barium, calcium, magnesium, cadmium and mercury.
Zinc borate is the preferred compound in this class.
Substantially any suitable phosphorus-containing compound may be used a~ a flame retardant agent, including ammonium polyphosphate, arylphosphates and alkarylphosphates.
Particularly preferred are alkaryl phosphates commercially .
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The foregoing flame retardant compounds are added to thermo-plastic resins at levels such that the resultant resi~ composi-tion may be rendered flame retardant.
Thermoset resins which may be treated in accordance with the invention include thermosets such as polyesters, epoxies, vinylesters, alkyl polyesters, melamine isocyanurates, polyurethanes, phenolic resins and phenylene-based resins.
Isophthalic and orthophthalic unsaturated polyesters, vinylester resins and epoxY resins are preferred thermosets in accordance with this invention.
It is custo~ary to provide thermoset resins such as unsaturated polyesters with glass fiber reinforcements. Glass fiber reinforcements may usefully be employed at a level of about 5 to 60 percent by weight of the composition, preferably about 10 to 40 percent by weight.
The scope of the present invention also includes the incorporation of other additives in the composition so far as to produce a particular end result. Such additives include, without limitation, blowing ayents, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, plasticizers, pigments, preservatives, ultraviolet light stabi-lizers, fillers, antioxidants, antistatic agents and other materials well known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in Modern Plastics EncYclo~edia, Vol. 63, No. lOAJ
McGraw-Hill, Inc. (1986).

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The bicyclic phosphates of the present invention may be used alone or as mixtures of any such compounds. When mixtures of bicyclic phosphates are employed, substantially any combinations of amounts and proportions of the individual compounds may be used. The use of Compound BCP and Compound BCP-A is especially preferred in accordance with this invention.
The bicyclic phosphate may be employed at substantially any level because even very low levels are believed to assist in smoke suppression. Desirably, bicyclic phosphates are present at a level of about 1 to 30 percent, preferably about 5 to 25 percent, and most preferably about 10 to 20 percent, all by weight of the composition.
The flame retardant agents of the present invention may be used alone or as mixtures of any such compounds. When mixtures of flam~ agents are employed, ~ubstantially any combinations of amounts and proportions of the individual compounds may be used.
The use of di-(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate, alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, antimony tioxide, and alkaryl phosphates are especially preerred in accordance with this invention. Preferably flame retardants are employed at a level of about 1 to 65 percent by weight of the composition, preferably about 5 to 45 percent, and most preferably about 30 to 40 percent, depending on the particular resin system and retardant employed.
Desirably, the bicyclic phosphate compound a~d flame retardant are provided as a mixture useful as an additive which may be added to the thermoset resin compositions. The additive ,, ,' ' ' ' ' ' ~ ~ .

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mixture utilizes bicyclic phosphate and flame retardant in a weight ratio lying in the range of about 1:2S to 20:1, most preferably, about 3:20 to 20:3.
The additive mixture is incorporated into the polymer composition at a level such that the resulting resin composition is rendered flame retardant. In general, the additive mixture is provided in the flame retardant at a level of about 2 - 50 percent by weight of the resin composition, preferably about 3 -30 percent by weight.
Practice of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are given to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting its scope.
EXAMPLES
Pre~aration of Unsaturated Polyesters. Unsaturated polyesters ("UPE") thermosets were prepared by standard hand lay-up procedures. Koppers Dion 810 isophthalic unsaturated polyester resin was used in all cases. ~ncured resin was promoted with cobalt naphthenate, blended with fillers, additives, and glass reinforcing agent. The mixture was degased in a vacuum oven, treated with methyl ethyl ketone ("NEK") peroxide catalyst, and cured at room temperature for 12 hours followed by 1 hour at 100C. The general composition of the ~amples in parts by weight ("PBW") is given in the following chart.

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USPE Formulations __ _ Component PBW

Koppers Dion 810 varied Isophthalic Re sin Flame Retardant varied Chopped Strand Glass 20 TiO2 MEK Peroxide Cobalt Naphthenate 0.5 __ , _ _ _ _ The specific composition of each sample prepared using this methodology is given in Ta~le I. These samples were subjected to a series of standard ~est procedures as described below.
Flammability Test Procedures. The following test protocols were used for the samples prepared in the foregoing manner.

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-Test Method Description .
Four Foot Tunnel Test Apparatus to measure flame spread and smoke development in accordance with ASTM-E-84 test procedures.
The length of the specimen was four feet instead of 25 feet. Lower values for flame spread and smoke development indicate improved perfor.mance.
HLT-l Vertical Flame Test A test method which rankP specimen based on time to extinguish a flame after ignition. The highest rating (best performance) is 100.

Each of the test samples was subjected to these tests. The data are given in Table I.

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TA LE I

NUMBER BCP TYPE AMOUNT FL.AMESMOKE ASTM BARCOL
wt % wt % SPREADDEVELOPMENT ASTM

2 15 MgOH 38 17 85 10045 COMP 2 0 MgOH 38 39 640 2447 3 15 ZnBor 38 19 120 g644 COMP 3 0 ZnBor 38 53 945 2448 BCP - Preferred bicyclic phosphate ATH - alumina trihydrate MgOH - magnesium hydroxide 2nBor - zinc borate These data demonstrate the patentability of the subject invention. The Control Example shows the effect of 15.0% BCP on flame spread and smoke development, as measured by the four foot tunnel testing for isophthalic polyester thermoset composites.
Comparative Examples 1-3 show the effect of various flame retardants on flammability performance when Compound BCP is not present. Examples 1-3 illustrate the invention using the same flame retardant agents in combination with Compound BCP.
In every case, compositions comprising Compound BCP had lower smoke development than the Control Example (a sy3tem without additional flame retardant agents) or the corresponding Comparative Examples 1-3 (i.e., systems without Compound BCP~.
Moreover, compositions containing BCP did not afect physical property performance, as exemplified by the minimal change in Hardness.

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Claims

1. A smoke suppressed thermoset resin composition comprising a thermoset resin and a mixture comprising:
at least one flame retardant agent; and at least one bicyclic phosphate compound of the formula:
where X is OH, OR', or OC(O)R'; R is H or a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched-chain C1-C17 alkyl; and R' is a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched-chain C1-C17 alkyl.

2. A composition, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flame retardant agent is a member selected from the group consisting of halogenated compounds, metal hydrates, metal borates, phosphorous compounds, and mixtures thereof.

3. A composition, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flame retardant agent is a member selected from the group consisting of alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide, zinc borate and alkaryl phosphates.

4. A composition, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bicyclic phosphate compound is 2,6,7-trioxa-phosphobicyclo [2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol-1-oxide; or 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphobicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol, acetate, 1-oxide.

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5. A composition, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin is a member selected from the group consisting of isophthalic unsaturated polyesters, orthophthalic unsaturated polyesters, vinylester resins and epoxy resins.

6. A composition, as claimed in claim 4, wherein the member is an unsaturated polyester.

7. A composition, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of bicyclic phosphate compound to flame retardant agent lies in the range of about 1:25 to 20:1.

8. A composition, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture of bicyclic phosphate compound and flame retardant agent is provided in the resin composition at a level lying in the range of about 2 - 50 percent by weight of the overall composition.

9. A composition, as claimed in claim 8, wherein the composition additionally comprises glass fiber reinforcements.

10. A method for suppressing the tendency of thermoset resin compositions to smoke under conditions of burning comprising the step of incorporating therein an effective amount of a mixture comprising:
a flame retardant agent; and a bicyclic phosphate compound of the formula:
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where X is OH, OR', or OC(O)R'; R is H or a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched-chain C1-C17 alkyl; and R' is a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched-chain C1-C17 alkyl.

11. A method, as claimed in claim 10, wherein the flame retardant agent is a member selected from the group consisting of halogenated compounds, metal hydrates, metal borates, phosphorous compounds, and mixtures thereof.

12. A method, as claimed in claim 10, wherein the flame retardant agent is a member selected from the group consisting of alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide, zinc borate, and alkaryl phosphate.

13. A method, as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bicyclic phosphate compound is 2,6,7-trioxa-phosphobicyclo [2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol-1-oxide; or 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphobicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol, acetate, 1-oxide.

14. A method, as claimed in claim 10, wherein the weight ratio of bicyclic phosphate compound to halogen-containing flame retardant lies in the range of about 1:25 to 20:1.

15. A method, where the thermoset resin composition additionally comprises glass fiber reinforcements.