CA1338111C - Pair of seal members of hard material having a low friction coefficient - Google Patents
Pair of seal members of hard material having a low friction coefficientInfo
- Publication number
- CA1338111C CA1338111C CA000582589A CA582589A CA1338111C CA 1338111 C CA1338111 C CA 1338111C CA 000582589 A CA000582589 A CA 000582589A CA 582589 A CA582589 A CA 582589A CA 1338111 C CA1338111 C CA 1338111C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pair
- seal members
- seal
- seal member
- silicon carbide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005475 siliconizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3496—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member use of special materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K25/00—Details relating to contact between valve members and seats
- F16K25/005—Particular materials for seats or closure elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sliding Valves (AREA)
- Mechanical Sealing (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
A pair of seal members of hard material such as a pair of small plates which control the fluid flow through a faucet. The first seal member is made of silicon carbide, preferably formed by a process of siliconizing a carbonaceous semi-finished form. The second seal member is made from a material which is at least moderately hard, capable of receiving a precise finish, and is covered by a thin layer of harder material -- silicon carbide or another carbide, a nitride, or carbon with a cubic crystallographic lattice structure -- applied by physical or chemical deposition by vapor. This configuration results in a low friction coefficient even in the absence of lubrication, prevents excessive adhesion among the parts with highly polished surfaces, it assures smooth operation over long periods of time even if the seal members are subjected to high temperatures, and an excessive amount of friction is prevented upon initial separation.
Description
B~l~ 1338111 A PAIR OF SEAL MEMBERS OF HARD MATERIAL
HAVING A LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT
Background Of The Invention I. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the seal members of hard material of the type in which the seal is a result of the precise finishing of the seal members. These seal members are movable and are in direct mutual contact without the interposition of a pliable gasket.
II. Description of the Prior Art The small plates of hard material used in the regulation of the fluid flow in faucets are usually made with oxide or silicates of sintered aluminum and then finished until reflective with a roughness of approximately 0.2 to 0.4 microns. Because of this precise surfacing treatment, such small plates are suitable for the efficient regulation of the flow of water. In addition, because of their hardness, which is on the order of 23,000 N/mm, they last a long time and are able to withstand foreign material, even hard material such as granules of sand, which come in contact with them, without causing damages. However, it is because of the very precise processing that, in the absence of lubrication, these small plates have the tendency to adhere to each other giving rise to a large sliding friction - even greater than the normal friction coefficient of this material which is relatively high (near 0.12). In order to achieve smooth functioning of the faucets having similar small plates of hard material, they are smeared with a light layer of silicon grease which reduces the sliding friction. However, with the passing of time and the recipr~cal rubbing of the small plates, this grease is gradually expelled and friction is increased to an unacceptable value. In extreme cases, the faucet may lock up. -~
Attempts have been made to manufacture these small plates of hard material using tungsten carbide, but the cost of production and processing were found to be prohibitive. It has also been proposed to manufacture the pairs of small plates for the faucets with a material made from silicon carbide (SiC) and by using this same material to make both small plates. The silicon carbide has in its various known crystallographic forms, a hardness between 28,000 and 35,000 N/mm and a friction coefficient close to 0.05 which is superior to those materials currently used for this purpose. Further, this material reduces the tendency of adhesion between the highly finished surfaces so that initially this permits the reduction, within certain limits, of the friction between the fluid control plates that are working together in the faucet. However, it was found that with continued use, the friction between the small plates made of silicon carbide with similar characteristics increases greatly until reaching unacceptable values.
It has also been proposed to make a pair of fluid plates for a faucet from a hard material having various characteristics, but with at least one of the small plates being made of silicon carbide (SiC). The two small plates can differ in their level of hardness and/or their surface finish. With this process, a considerable reduction in the friction between the small plates of hard material can be verified. Finally, it has been proposed to make a pair of seal members of hard material in which both members are made from at least moderately hard material of the type which is able to receive precise finishing in which at least one of these is covered with a thin layer of material of greater hardness by means of physical deposition or chemical deposition by vapor, and in which the two members have cooperative surfaces having a different nature and a different finishing.
~ owever, it has also been determined that when the seal members are exposed for a certain time to heat, the frlction coefficlent increases by a considerable increment until an excessive value for the friction of initial separation is reached.
Analogous requirements to those stated for the fluid control plates for faucets can also be found in other uses for the seal members made from hard material sliding in direct mutual contact.
Description Of The Present Inventlon The present invention overcomés the disadvantages of the prior known cooperatlng seal members of the type used in faucets by developing a seal in which an increase in the friction coefficient between the seal members is prevented even after extended exposure to heat.
This invention relates to a pair of seal members for use in a valve to control fluid flow characterized by the fact that the first seal member is made from a silicon carbide material and the second seal member is formed of a different material having a base made of a moderately hard material coated with a layer of material of greater hardness than the base material, the coating layer applied through a vapor deposition whereby static friction between the pair of seal members is reduced.
The cooperating seal members embodying the present invention generally comprises one seal member made of a silicon carbide and the other seal member made of a base material which has a moderate hardness and then coated with a thin layer of material of greater hardness applied through physical or chemical vapor deposition. The first seal member .
made from silicon carbide can be manufactured through a sinterization process, an inflltration process and/or a chemical reaction process. A particularly advantageous process of manufacturing the first seal ls the Lagan process ln which the silicon carbide member ls obtained by submitting a semi-finished form of carbonaceous material to siliconizing at high temperatures. Precislon configurations for the plates can be obtained economlcally since the carbonaceous semi-finished form is easy to work with and the sillconization does not deform or alter the member.
Several materials of elevated hardness can be used to make the second seal member including silicon carbide, metalllc carbldes and nitrides, and carbon with a cubic crystallographic lattice. Various processes are known for physical and chemlcal vapor deposition adaptable to silicon carbide and the other materials. Thus, because of - 3a -the resulting precisional configuration and the economy of production, the second seal member is made with a material of moderate hardness and coated with a material of increased hardness through chemical or physical vapor deposition.
Although an accurate and fine finish of the seal members is necessary to effectuate the seal for faucet applications, it has been found that the second seal for faucet applications, it has been found that the second seal member need not be as resistant to erosion and wear.
In the second seal member which is coated through the deposition of material of greater hardness, the material which forms the body of the seal forms only a support while the ability of the seal to cooperate with the other seal member is a result of the harder coating material.
Accordingly, the second seal member may be made of a material which although adequate to receive the necessary finish and retain its shape during use would be unacceptable by itself to form a seal member. Examples of such a material include soapstone, ceramic materials of modest quality, metals and certain synthetic materials.
The second plate which receives the deposition material of elevated hardness can be ground or finished to a high grade of finish before the coating layer. Thus, a base material should be chosen which is hard enough to receive the finishing operation but not so hard as to make this operation difficult or expensive or such that special equipment and technologies are required.
An advantage of covering the seal members with silicon carbide is the chemical stability of the compound and the ability to resist corrosion and wear caused by the water. Silicon carbide also shows exceptional resistance to oxidation. Similar characteristics can also be found in alternative materials such as titanium carbide and carbon with a cubic crystallographic lattice. The latter material, which is not suitable to form the body of the seal member, is advantageous because of its reduced friction coefficient (appr. 0.02).
The application of the invention assures the free and smooth movement of an apparatus utilizing ~uch seal members without the need for lubricants. The smooth operation will last over extended periods of time and is not affected by high temperatures. Moreover, the cost of manufacturing the seals described herein is equivalent to other known processes. This invention is particularly useful in faucets and valves of the type having a pair of cooperating seal plates, of the type having three cooperating discs, or of the type having a single plate cooperating with cylindrical seal members. Nevertheless, the application of the present invention is not limited to faucets and valves and alternatively the seal members can be used in industrial valves, the valves and small plates for fuel injection pumps of diesel engines and so on.
The foregoing description has been given for clearness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom as some modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
I claim:
HAVING A LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT
Background Of The Invention I. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the seal members of hard material of the type in which the seal is a result of the precise finishing of the seal members. These seal members are movable and are in direct mutual contact without the interposition of a pliable gasket.
II. Description of the Prior Art The small plates of hard material used in the regulation of the fluid flow in faucets are usually made with oxide or silicates of sintered aluminum and then finished until reflective with a roughness of approximately 0.2 to 0.4 microns. Because of this precise surfacing treatment, such small plates are suitable for the efficient regulation of the flow of water. In addition, because of their hardness, which is on the order of 23,000 N/mm, they last a long time and are able to withstand foreign material, even hard material such as granules of sand, which come in contact with them, without causing damages. However, it is because of the very precise processing that, in the absence of lubrication, these small plates have the tendency to adhere to each other giving rise to a large sliding friction - even greater than the normal friction coefficient of this material which is relatively high (near 0.12). In order to achieve smooth functioning of the faucets having similar small plates of hard material, they are smeared with a light layer of silicon grease which reduces the sliding friction. However, with the passing of time and the recipr~cal rubbing of the small plates, this grease is gradually expelled and friction is increased to an unacceptable value. In extreme cases, the faucet may lock up. -~
Attempts have been made to manufacture these small plates of hard material using tungsten carbide, but the cost of production and processing were found to be prohibitive. It has also been proposed to manufacture the pairs of small plates for the faucets with a material made from silicon carbide (SiC) and by using this same material to make both small plates. The silicon carbide has in its various known crystallographic forms, a hardness between 28,000 and 35,000 N/mm and a friction coefficient close to 0.05 which is superior to those materials currently used for this purpose. Further, this material reduces the tendency of adhesion between the highly finished surfaces so that initially this permits the reduction, within certain limits, of the friction between the fluid control plates that are working together in the faucet. However, it was found that with continued use, the friction between the small plates made of silicon carbide with similar characteristics increases greatly until reaching unacceptable values.
It has also been proposed to make a pair of fluid plates for a faucet from a hard material having various characteristics, but with at least one of the small plates being made of silicon carbide (SiC). The two small plates can differ in their level of hardness and/or their surface finish. With this process, a considerable reduction in the friction between the small plates of hard material can be verified. Finally, it has been proposed to make a pair of seal members of hard material in which both members are made from at least moderately hard material of the type which is able to receive precise finishing in which at least one of these is covered with a thin layer of material of greater hardness by means of physical deposition or chemical deposition by vapor, and in which the two members have cooperative surfaces having a different nature and a different finishing.
~ owever, it has also been determined that when the seal members are exposed for a certain time to heat, the frlction coefficlent increases by a considerable increment until an excessive value for the friction of initial separation is reached.
Analogous requirements to those stated for the fluid control plates for faucets can also be found in other uses for the seal members made from hard material sliding in direct mutual contact.
Description Of The Present Inventlon The present invention overcomés the disadvantages of the prior known cooperatlng seal members of the type used in faucets by developing a seal in which an increase in the friction coefficient between the seal members is prevented even after extended exposure to heat.
This invention relates to a pair of seal members for use in a valve to control fluid flow characterized by the fact that the first seal member is made from a silicon carbide material and the second seal member is formed of a different material having a base made of a moderately hard material coated with a layer of material of greater hardness than the base material, the coating layer applied through a vapor deposition whereby static friction between the pair of seal members is reduced.
The cooperating seal members embodying the present invention generally comprises one seal member made of a silicon carbide and the other seal member made of a base material which has a moderate hardness and then coated with a thin layer of material of greater hardness applied through physical or chemical vapor deposition. The first seal member .
made from silicon carbide can be manufactured through a sinterization process, an inflltration process and/or a chemical reaction process. A particularly advantageous process of manufacturing the first seal ls the Lagan process ln which the silicon carbide member ls obtained by submitting a semi-finished form of carbonaceous material to siliconizing at high temperatures. Precislon configurations for the plates can be obtained economlcally since the carbonaceous semi-finished form is easy to work with and the sillconization does not deform or alter the member.
Several materials of elevated hardness can be used to make the second seal member including silicon carbide, metalllc carbldes and nitrides, and carbon with a cubic crystallographic lattice. Various processes are known for physical and chemlcal vapor deposition adaptable to silicon carbide and the other materials. Thus, because of - 3a -the resulting precisional configuration and the economy of production, the second seal member is made with a material of moderate hardness and coated with a material of increased hardness through chemical or physical vapor deposition.
Although an accurate and fine finish of the seal members is necessary to effectuate the seal for faucet applications, it has been found that the second seal for faucet applications, it has been found that the second seal member need not be as resistant to erosion and wear.
In the second seal member which is coated through the deposition of material of greater hardness, the material which forms the body of the seal forms only a support while the ability of the seal to cooperate with the other seal member is a result of the harder coating material.
Accordingly, the second seal member may be made of a material which although adequate to receive the necessary finish and retain its shape during use would be unacceptable by itself to form a seal member. Examples of such a material include soapstone, ceramic materials of modest quality, metals and certain synthetic materials.
The second plate which receives the deposition material of elevated hardness can be ground or finished to a high grade of finish before the coating layer. Thus, a base material should be chosen which is hard enough to receive the finishing operation but not so hard as to make this operation difficult or expensive or such that special equipment and technologies are required.
An advantage of covering the seal members with silicon carbide is the chemical stability of the compound and the ability to resist corrosion and wear caused by the water. Silicon carbide also shows exceptional resistance to oxidation. Similar characteristics can also be found in alternative materials such as titanium carbide and carbon with a cubic crystallographic lattice. The latter material, which is not suitable to form the body of the seal member, is advantageous because of its reduced friction coefficient (appr. 0.02).
The application of the invention assures the free and smooth movement of an apparatus utilizing ~uch seal members without the need for lubricants. The smooth operation will last over extended periods of time and is not affected by high temperatures. Moreover, the cost of manufacturing the seals described herein is equivalent to other known processes. This invention is particularly useful in faucets and valves of the type having a pair of cooperating seal plates, of the type having three cooperating discs, or of the type having a single plate cooperating with cylindrical seal members. Nevertheless, the application of the present invention is not limited to faucets and valves and alternatively the seal members can be used in industrial valves, the valves and small plates for fuel injection pumps of diesel engines and so on.
The foregoing description has been given for clearness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom as some modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
I claim:
Claims (6)
1. A pair of seal members for use in a valve to control fluid flow characterized by the fact that the first seal member is made from a silicon carbide material and the second seal member is formed of a different material having a base made of a moderately hard material coated with a layer of material of greater hardness than the base material, the coating layer applied through a vapor deposition whereby static friction between the pair of seal members is reduced.
2. The pair of seal members as defined in claim 1 wherein said first seal member is made by siliconizing at high temperature a semi-finished form made of a carbonaceous material.
3. The pair of seal members as defined in claim 1 wherein said first seal member is made using the Lagan process.
4. The pair of seal members as defined in claim 1 wherein the base of the second seal member is made of a moderately hard material selected from the group consisting of soapstone, a ceramic material, a metal, and a synthetic material.
5. The pair of seal members as defined in claim 4 wherein the coating material of the second seal member is selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, metallic carbides, metallic nitrides, and carbon with a cubic crystallographic lattice.
6. A pair of seal members as defined in claim 5 wherein the first and second seal members are used in cooperating relationship in a faucet valve to control the flow rate, the interruption and the fluid mixing of the water flowing through the faucet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT67.954-A/87 | 1987-11-10 | ||
| IT8767954A IT1211509B (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1987-11-10 | PAIR OF SEALING BODIES IN HARD MATERIAL WITH LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1338111C true CA1338111C (en) | 1996-03-05 |
Family
ID=11306680
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000582589A Expired - Fee Related CA1338111C (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1988-11-09 | Pair of seal members of hard material having a low friction coefficient |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0339083A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2568712B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1338111C (en) |
| CH (1) | CH674556A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3890961C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK302489D0 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2011692A6 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI892959A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2232458B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1211509B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989004433A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3829506A1 (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1990-03-08 | Berchem & Schaberg Gmbh | SHUT-OFF VALVE, IN PARTICULAR CONTROL REGULATION VALVE, FOR PIPES |
| DE3832692A1 (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1990-03-29 | Leybold Ag | SEALING ELEMENT WITH A SHUT-OFF BODY MADE OF A METAL OR NON-METAL MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR APPLYING HARD MATERIAL LAYERS TO THE SHUT-OFF BODY |
| JPH04165170A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-06-10 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Faucet valve member |
| JPH068871U (en) * | 1990-12-26 | 1994-02-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | Ceramic disc valve |
| GB9411228D0 (en) * | 1994-06-04 | 1994-07-27 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | A modulated bias unit for rotary drilling |
| JP3217696B2 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2001-10-09 | 京セラ株式会社 | Disc valve |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3601413A (en) * | 1969-07-18 | 1971-08-24 | Texas Instruments Inc | Mechanical seal |
| DE2356326C2 (en) * | 1973-11-10 | 1984-01-12 | Ideal-Standard Gmbh, 5300 Bonn | Sanitary water valve |
| DE2926080A1 (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-01-08 | Philips Patentverwaltung | DRY LUBRICANTS |
| DE3246361A1 (en) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-08 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | CARBON-CONTAINING SLIP LAYER |
| JPS58186253U (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1983-12-10 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | rotating seal |
| IT1212662B (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1989-11-30 | Gevipi Ag | PAIR OF PLATES IN HARD MATERIAL WITH LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT FOR TAPS |
| US4391450A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1983-07-05 | Electrochemical Technology Corp. | Shaft seal resistant to electrokinetic corrosion |
| US4522412A (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1985-06-11 | Keikoku Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Oil ring with coil expander |
| DE3347135C2 (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1986-04-03 | Ideal-Standard Gmbh, 5300 Bonn | Straight or multi-way valve in plate design |
| IT1182433B (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1987-10-05 | Gevipi Ag | HARD SEALING BODIES HAVING LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT |
| DE3509572C1 (en) * | 1985-03-16 | 1986-07-10 | Feldmühle AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Sliding element coated with ceramic material components and its use |
| DE3528934A1 (en) * | 1985-08-13 | 1987-02-26 | Feldmuehle Ag | SLIDING ELEMENT MADE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL |
| DE3538261A1 (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1987-04-30 | Battelle Institut E V | VALVE ELEMENTS FOR MIXING FITTINGS |
| US4628969A (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1986-12-16 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Method of producing prefilled sterile plastic syringes |
-
1987
- 1987-11-10 IT IT8767954A patent/IT1211509B/en active
-
1988
- 1988-10-13 DE DE3890961A patent/DE3890961C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-13 GB GB8913616A patent/GB2232458B/en not_active Expired
- 1988-10-13 WO PCT/US1988/003559 patent/WO1989004433A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-10-13 JP JP1500129A patent/JP2568712B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-13 CH CH2488/89A patent/CH674556A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-10-13 EP EP19890900406 patent/EP0339083A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-11-08 ES ES8803395A patent/ES2011692A6/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-09 CA CA000582589A patent/CA1338111C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-06-16 FI FI892959A patent/FI892959A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-19 DK DK302489A patent/DK302489D0/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK302489A (en) | 1989-06-19 |
| IT1211509B (en) | 1989-11-03 |
| WO1989004433A1 (en) | 1989-05-18 |
| FI892959A0 (en) | 1989-06-16 |
| GB8913616D0 (en) | 1990-08-01 |
| JP2568712B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
| ES2011692A6 (en) | 1990-02-01 |
| GB2232458B (en) | 1992-01-22 |
| JPH02502749A (en) | 1990-08-30 |
| DE3890961C2 (en) | 1999-06-10 |
| FI892959A (en) | 1989-06-16 |
| GB2232458A (en) | 1990-12-12 |
| DK302489D0 (en) | 1989-06-19 |
| CH674556A5 (en) | 1990-06-15 |
| EP0339083A1 (en) | 1989-11-02 |
| EP0339083A4 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| IT8767954A0 (en) | 1987-11-10 |
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