CA1327138C

CA1327138C - Production of "raw meat" dry animal food products

Info

Publication number: CA1327138C
Application number: CA000597658A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Wilfred Ralph Knowles
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1989-04-25
Filing date: 1989-04-25
Publication date: 1994-02-22
Anticipated expiration: 2011-02-22

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

PRODUCTION OF "RAW MEAT" DRY ANIMAL FOOD PRODUCTS

The present invention relates to nutritious extruded expanded dry animal foods which are made with raw meat that is prepared by grinding then pulverizing the meat and adding it in liquid form as a partial or total replacement for the water normally added to the mixture into the extruder. The resulting food product is an extruded expanded sterile chunk containing under 10%
moisture.

Description

PRODl~ION OF "RAW MEAT" DRY ANI~AL FOOD PRODUCTS

Thi6 invention relates to the preparation and production of cooked extruded and expanded animal food piece~ containing raw meat as an ingredient prepared by pulverizing the meat and adding it to an extruder, in liquid form, as a replacement of at least part of the water which is normally added to the mixture to be extruded.
In the past, expanded extruded dry animal foods have used dried meats in meal form and, in some instances, cooked meat with grains and other dry materials.
There are known intermediate moisture type pet foods which use fresh meat. V.S. Patent 4,022,915 to Zukerman describe6 the method of producing an expanded intermediate moisture product. A mixture of foodstuffs i6 passed through a pre-cooking zone and is sub;ected to steam treatment and treatment with hot water and agitation and i~ 6ubsequently compre6~ed and extruded.
U.S. Patent 4,190,679 (Coffee et al) discloses a pet food in the form of resilient, soft, meat-like chunks.
It is prepared by high pressure extrusion of a plasticized meat based formulation.
U.S. Patent 4,208,476 to Tsao describes a process which involves forming a dough, extruding the dough through an orifice, in~ecting Qteam into the extrudate as it exits the extruder, mixing the steam and the extrudate, and finally shaping the resulting processed extrudate. The T~ao process i8 applicable to the making of pet food~.
The~e products are designed for ~oftness and high water content wherein the health safety factor involves achieving microbiological stability through such inhibiting ingredients as propylene glycol, sugars, glycerine, mono-diglyceride, and polyhydric alcohol.
These bacteria control agents tend to distort and diminish the odor and flavor of meats employed. With such higher moisture products, there is no need to use ~

meat moisture as a water replacement in the extrusion process.
The present invention involves pulverizing raw meat and adding it into the extruder as a water replacement, wherein its moisture will function in the same way as would the water customarily added to the mixture to be extruded, and meat particles are 6ufficiently minute as to readily sterilize during the high temperature period in the extruder chamber.
Some meats, if sufficiently finel~ pulverized, can re6ult in rupturing and breaking free the moisture content within them for water replacement in the extruder. -Low fat meats, such ac livers, and low fat fish, such as smelt, are excellent meats for this procesE and may even be used as blended carriers for meats that will not liquefy alone. We have determined that meats such as livers and fish, if precooked, suffer losses which are more apparent if further processed into meals, drum dried, or spray dried powders. The use of raw liver or fish in extruded expanded dry chunks achieves substantial odor and taste levels.
SUMMARY OF TH~ INVENT~Q~ -Broadly the present invention comprises a procsss for preparing nutritious extruded expanded dry animal food~ comprising placing a combination of a food mixture and raw meat in pulverized form into the conditioner of the extruder which then pa6ses it into the extruder chamber. The pulverized raw meat is used as a 3G replacement of at least part of the water which is normally added to the combination. The water replacement of said combination is partial or total. The pulverized - -raw meat is a low fat type of meat such as liver, kidney or smelt.
Particles of said pulverized raw meat are 132713~ :

' 6ufficiently minute to be sterilized during the high temperature period in said extruder chamber. In one of the embodiment6 the pulverized raw meat i8 used as a blended carrier with other kinds of meat, such as, for example, chicken meat.
The preparation and production of the dry foods -containing ràw meat as an ingredient i6 illustrated in - -the following examples, which are given by way of exemplification, and are not intended to be limiting. -EXAMP~E I
A food mixture i8 made up of l90kg poultry by- -product meal, 190kg ground corn, 190kg ground wheat, 44kg corn gluten meal, 33kg beet pulp, 8kg salt, 5kg limestone, all totalling 660kg. The mixture i8 augered into the conditioner of a 150 model Wenger extruder simultaneously with 140kg pulverized raw liver over 40 minute6. The water addition would normally have been 20% -if all dry material used or 160kg was reduced to 9% or 72kg. The liver was ground in a meat grinder and fed through a Stephan MC 15 micro cutter emulsifier with a .7mm opening cuttér head causing it to liquefy. The extruded product expanded effeativsly, held its die cut shape, dried to 7.4% moi ture, and was sterile. The end food was fed with exoellent results to dog6.

2~ EX~R~_LI
Same as Example I except that 260kg raw liver was used. The water addition was eliminated while steam was at normal use. The end food was similar to that in Example I except for a distinct liver odor. ~
3G EXAMP~E III -~ -Same as Example I except that 100kg of raw liver was used with 100kg cooked pet food grade tuna at 40% dry matter. The water addition was 50kg. The tuna and liver were ground and micro cut together resulting in a flowable product. In a preliminary trial it was found ,.

the tuna would not pas~ through the micro cutter by itself and required the ground liver to move it.
EXAMPLE IV
The formula and prooedure were the 8 ame a~ Example I except that 40kg of raw chicken necks and backs replaced 40kg of raw liver with lOOkg liver remaining.
These raw meats were fed together through the grinder and . -micro cutter. ~esults were similar to Example I. In a preliminary trial the chicken was passed alone through the grinder and micro cutter and found not to be free flowing due in part to its collag~n.
EXAM~LE V
The formula and procedure were the same as Example I except that the raw liver was replaced by raw kidney.
~he results were similar to Example I except for an odor difference.
EXAMPLE VI
The formula and procedure were the same as Example I
except that raw ~melt replaced raw liver and the water addition was reduced by 12kg to 60kg because of higher moisture in smelt compared to liver. The results were similar to Rxample I except for the odor difference.
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Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A process for preparing nutritious extruded expanded dry animal foods comprising placing a combination of a food mixture and raw meat in pulverized form into an extruder chamber, wherein said pulverized raw meat is used for replacement of at least part of the normal water addition to said combination.

2. A proces according to claim 1 wherein said pulverized raw meat is fed into said extruder chamber and blended with said food mixture.

3. A process according to claim 1 wherein said water replacement of said combination is partial and over 5%.

4. A process according to claim 1 wherein said water replacement is total.

5. A process according to claim 1 wherein said pulverized raw meat has a low fat content.

6. A process according to claim 5 wherein said pulverized raw meat is liver, kidney or smelt.

7. A process for preparing nutritious extruded expanded dry animal foods comprising placing a combination of a food mixture and raw meat in pulverized form into an extruder chamber, wherein said pulverized raw meat is used for replacement of at least part of the normal water addition to said combination, wherein meat particles of said pulverized raw meat are sufficiently minute to be sterilized during the high temperature period in said extruder chamber.

8. A process for preparing nutritious extruded expanded dry animal foods comprising placing a combination of a food mixture and raw meat in pulverized form into an extruder chamber, wherein said pulverized raw meat is used for replacement of at least part of the normal water addition to said combination and as a blended carrier with other kinds of meat.