CA1226128A - Shim and method for adjusting wheel alignment - Google Patents
Shim and method for adjusting wheel alignmentInfo
- Publication number
- CA1226128A CA1226128A CA000450546A CA450546A CA1226128A CA 1226128 A CA1226128 A CA 1226128A CA 000450546 A CA000450546 A CA 000450546A CA 450546 A CA450546 A CA 450546A CA 1226128 A CA1226128 A CA 1226128A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shim
- wheel
- spindle
- axle member
- camber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- LUTSRLYCMSCGCS-BWOMAWGNSA-N [(3s,8r,9s,10r,13s)-10,13-dimethyl-17-oxo-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)C(=O)CC=C3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)C)C1 LUTSRLYCMSCGCS-BWOMAWGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150115538 nero gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
- B60G2200/40—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions
- B60G2200/46—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions camber angle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
- B60G2200/40—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions
- B60G2200/462—Toe-in/out
- B60G2200/4622—Alignment adjustment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
- B60G2204/44—Centering or positioning means
- B60G2204/4402—Spacers or shims
Landscapes
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
Improved shim apparatus for adjusting the alignment of the wheel of a vehicle. The shim apparatus permits the toe-in of the wheel to be separately adjusted, the camber of the wheel to be separately adjusted, or permits the toe-in and camber of the wheel to be simultaneously adjusted.
Description
~L~26~2~3 1 This invention relates to apparatus for adjusting
2 the alignment of the wheels of a vehicle.
4 More particularly, the invention relates to apparatus which can be utilized to adjust either the toe-in or camber of 6 the wheels of a vehicle.
8 In a further respect, the invention relates to shim 9 apparatus which is interposed between a spindle and associated axle member of a vehicle, the spindle carrying one of the 11 wheels of the vehicle and being removably secured to the axle 12 member.
14 In another respect, the invention relates to shim apparatus of the type described which can be utilized to adjust 16 only the camber of the wheel of a vehicle, to adjust only the 17 toe-in of the wheel, or, to simultaneously adjust both the toe-in 18 and camber of the wheel.
In still a further respect, the inventl~n concerns 21 shim apparatus of the type described which is constructed such 22 that after it is initially loosely interposed between a spindle 23 and associated axle member of a vehicle it can, prior to the 24 final tightening of the spindle to the axle member, be 25 selectively adjusted to alter the position of the spindle with 26 respect to the axle member and to thus alter the toe-in and 27 camber of the wheel normally carried by the spindle.
lZ~6128 1 In yet another important respect, the invention 2 relates to shim apparatus of the type described which can be
4 More particularly, the invention relates to apparatus which can be utilized to adjust either the toe-in or camber of 6 the wheels of a vehicle.
8 In a further respect, the invention relates to shim 9 apparatus which is interposed between a spindle and associated axle member of a vehicle, the spindle carrying one of the 11 wheels of the vehicle and being removably secured to the axle 12 member.
14 In another respect, the invention relates to shim apparatus of the type described which can be utilized to adjust 16 only the camber of the wheel of a vehicle, to adjust only the 17 toe-in of the wheel, or, to simultaneously adjust both the toe-in 18 and camber of the wheel.
In still a further respect, the inventl~n concerns 21 shim apparatus of the type described which is constructed such 22 that after it is initially loosely interposed between a spindle 23 and associated axle member of a vehicle it can, prior to the 24 final tightening of the spindle to the axle member, be 25 selectively adjusted to alter the position of the spindle with 26 respect to the axle member and to thus alter the toe-in and 27 camber of the wheel normally carried by the spindle.
lZ~6128 1 In yet another important respect, the invention 2 relates to shim apparatus of the type described which can be
3 utilized to adjust the alignment of both the front and rear
4 wheels of a vehicle.
6 The use of shims to adjust the camber of the front 7 wheels of a vehicle is well known in the art. See for example 8 U. S. Patent Nos. 4,037,680 to Grove and 4,195,862 to Spector 9 et at. Both the Grove and Spector patents describe a circular tapered shim which is interposed between a spindle and associated 11 steering knuckle on the front axle of a vehicle in order to 12 adjust the camber of the wheel carried on the spindle. While 13 the shim disclosed in the Grove patent has achieved widespread 14 commercial acceptance, there are several disadvantages associated 15 with the shim.
17 A wheel spindle is normally maintained adjacent its 18 associated steering knuckle by threaded bolts which extend out-19 warmly from the steering knuckle and pass through apertures 20 formed in the spindle. Nuts threaded onto the bolts secure the 21 spindle against the steering knuckle. The Grove shim is 22 generally installed by removing the wheel from the spindle, 23 loosening and removing the nuts from the steering knuckle bolts, I pulling the spindle away from the steering knuckle and off of 2- the bolts, sliding the shim over the bolts to a position adjacent 26 the steering knuckle, sliding the spindle back onto the bolts 27 toward the steering knuckle, threading the nuts on the bolts to 2X force the spindle securely adjacent the steering knuckle, and I
32`l 2 ~22Ç~
1 remounting the wheel on the spindle. The Grove shim is circular 2 and is provided with spaced circular openings passing through 3 the shim. The steering knuckle bolts pass through these openings 4 when the shim is slid onto the bolts.
6 After the Grove shim has been interposed between the 7 spindle and steering knuckle and the wheel remounted on the 8 spindle, the camber of the wheel can be measured. If the camber 9 is incorrect, then the wheel and spindle must again be completely I removed from the axle, the shim removed, another differently 11 sized shim installed, and the spindle and wheel reattached to 12 the axle. Thus, achieving the proper wheel camber by utilizing 13 the Grove shim can be time consuming I
Another drawback of the Grove shim is that it is not 16 adapted to adjust the toe-in of a wheel. It would be 17 advantageous to have the capability to alter the toe-in of a -18 vehicle wheel without having to adjust the tie-rod or other 19 structural component of the suspension system of the vehicle I
21 Finally, neither the Grove patent nor any other prior 22 art appears to disclose shim apparatus which can simultaneously 23 adjust both the toe-in and camber of a wheel. The ability to 24 quickly and conveniently accurately alter both the camber and 25 toe-in of a vehicle wheel with a simple shim would he especially 26 desirable since it would tend to minimize the time required to 28 align the wheel.
i128 1 Accordingly, it would be highly desirable to provide 2 improved shim apparatus which could be utilized to adjust either 3 the toe-in or camber of a vehicle wheel and which could also be 4 utilized to simultaneously adjust both the toe-in and camber of the wheel.
7 It would also be highly desirable to provide improved 8 shim apparatus which could, after the apparatus had been inter-9 posed between a spindle and associated axle member of a vehicle and the spindle had been loosely secured to the axle member, 11 be readily manipulated to selectively alter the toe-in and 12 camber of the spindle before the spindle was tightly secured 13 adjacent its associated axle member.
Therefore, it is a principal object of the instant 16 invention to provide improved apparatus for altering the 17 alignment of the front and rear tires of a vehicle.
19 A further object of the invention is to provide shim 20 apparatus which can be utilized to adjust either the toe-in or 21 camber of a vehicle wheel and which can also be utilized to 22 simultaneously adjust both the camber and toe-in of the wheel.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved 25 shim apparatus of the type which is interposed between a spindle 26 and associated axle member of a vehicle, the spindle normally 27 rotatable carrying at least one of the wheels of the vehicle I and being removably secured to the axle.
Still another object of the invention is to provide improved shim apparatus which can, after it is initially inter-posed between a spindle and associated axle member end the spindle loosely bolted or otherwise connected to the axle member, be displaced to adjust the toe-in and camber of the wheel normally carried by the spindle.
Yet another object of the instant invention is to provide improved shim apparatus of the type described which can be readily manufactured and adapted to align the front and rear wheels of a vehicle.
Yet still another important object of the instant invent lion is to provide improved shim apparatus of the type desk cried which permits two or more shim units to be placed be-tweet a spindle and its associated axle member and to be rotate Ed with respect to one another when the spindle is loosely secured to axle member; the rotation of at least one of the shim units permitting the toe-in and camber of the spindle, and consequently of the wheel normally carried by the spindle, to be finely adjusted without requiring that the spindle be repeat-edgy removed from and reattached to the axle member to interpose different sized shims there between in trial and error Jason Thus, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided, in combination with an assembly for carrying the wheel of a vehicle, said assembly including an axle member, spindle means attached to said axle member for rotatable receive in and carrying said wheel, and bolts for removably, fixedly securing said spindle means to said axle member, said bolts each including at least one threaded end having a nut thereon, having an imaginary and longitudinal centerline, a tapered shim inter-posed between said spindle and said axle, said shim permittin~the I
~Z'~6~8 simultaneous adjustment of the toe-in and camber ox said wheel and including: (a) a first generally smooth contact surface lying in a first imaginary plane; (b) a second generally smooth contact surface lying in a second imaginary plane, said second imaginary plane being at an acute angle with respect to said first plane, said first and second imaginary planes intersecting along a line and each being perpendicular to a third common imaginary plane; (c) at least one arcuate opening formed through said tapered shim; said shim being interposed between said spindle means and said axle member in any of at least three operative positions to adjust the alignment ox said wheel, (d) a first operative position which adjusts the camber of said wheel; (e) a second operative position which adjusts the toe-in of said wheel; and, (f) a third operative position which adjusts both the toe-in and camber of said wheel; said arcuate opening being shaped, contoured and dime-stoned such that (g) said bolts pass through said opening when said shim is interposed between said spindle means and said axle member and said bolts are utilized to fixedly secure said spindle means to said axle member; (h) when said spindle means is, with said shim interposed there between, loosely secured to said axle member with said bolts, said shim can be rotated (i) about an axis generally parallel to said longitudinal centerline of one of said bolts, and (ii) between one of said first and second operative positions and said third operative position.
These and other, furth~rand more specific objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled -pa-~L2;:~1Z8 1 in the art from the following detailed description thereof, 2 taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
4 Fig. lo is a front view of a prior art shim utilized to adjust the camber of the front wheel of a vehicle;
7 Fig. lo is a side view of the shim of Fig. lo 8 illustrating the taper thereof;
Fig. PA is a side elevation view ox the wheel and 11 axle of a vehicle illustrating the camber of the wheel;
13 Fig. 2B is a top view of the axle and wheels of a 14 vehicle illustrating the toe-in of one of the wheels;
lo Fig. 3 is a front view of a shim constructed in 17 accordance with the principles of the invention, 19 Fig. 4 is a wide view of the shim of Fig. 3 further 20 illustrating the construction thereof;
22 Fig. 5 is a top perspective view of two stacked shims 23 constructed in accordance with the invention and rotated with I respect to one another to vary their combined thickness at 25 different points thereon; and I
27 Fig. 6 is a side view of two shims of the invention 28 stacked such that their combined thickness is thy same at all 29 points thereon.
32~ 6 lZ261Z8 1 Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of my 2 invention, I provide improved apparatus for aligning a wheel 3 of a vehicle. The vehicle has an assembly for carrying the 4 wheel. The assembly includes an axle member and spindle means normally removably fixedly secured to the axle member for 6 rotatable receiving and carrying the wheel. The improvec1 7 apparatus comprises first shim means interposed between the 8 spindle and axle member and shaped, contoured and dimensioned 9 to adjust the toe-in of the wheel. The shim means may also, in addition to being shaped and dimensioned to adjust the toe-in 11 of the wheel, be adapted to permit the separate adjustment of 12 the camber of the wheel without affecting the toe-in of the 13 wheel. Second shim means may be interposed with the first shim 14 means between the spindle an axle member such that rotation of at least one of the first and second shim means alters the 16 camber and toe-in of the wheel.
17 .
18 In another embodiment of the invention, I provide an 19 improved method for adjusting the alignment of a wheel carried 20 by the axle assembly of a vehicle. The axle assembly includes 21 an axle member and spindle means normally removably fixedly 22 attached to the axle member for rotatable supporting the wheel.
I The method includes the steps of removing the wheel from the 24 spindle means; detaching the spindle means from the axle member;
25 obtaining first shim means adapted to be interposed between the 2G spindle means and axle member to adjust the toe-in of the wheel;
27 positioning the spindle means adjacent the axle member with 228 the shim means interposed here between such that the shim means 32~ 7 1 may be displaced in at least one direction; securing the spindle 2 means to the axle member such that the shim means is generally 3 maintained in mixed position between the shim means and axle 4 member; and rotatable mounting the wheel on the spindle means.
In practicing this improved method, the shim means may, in 6 addition to being shaped and dimensioned to adjust the toe-in 7 of the wheel, be adapted to adjust the camber of the wheel 8 without affecting the toe-in of the wheel. The shim means may 9 be adapted such that after the shim means is loosely positioned 0 between the spindle and axle member the shim means may be moved 11 to simultaneously adjust the camber and toe-in of the wheel.
I Finally, in practicing the method of the invention, second shim 13 means may be inserted between the spindle and axle member such I that either the first shim means or second shim means may be rotated to adjust the toe-in camber of the wheel.
17 Turning now to the drawings, which depict the presently 18 preferred embodiments of the invention for the purpose of 19 illustrating the practice thereof and not by way of limitation 20 of the scope of the invention, and in which like reference 21 characters represent corresponding elements throughout the 22 several views, Figs. lo and lo illustrate the shim disclosed in 23 U. S. Patent No. 4,037,68n to Grove. Tapered shim if includes I spaced circular apertures 12 formed there through. When shim if 25 is utilized to adjust the camber of the front wheels of a 26 vehicle as illustrated in Fig. 2 of U. S. Patent No. 4,037,680 27 to Grove, the bolts used to secure the spindle to the steering 223 knuckle pass through apertures 12 of shim if.
32~ 8 ~2f;~8 1 Camber is the measurement of -the angular displacement 2 of the plane of a wheel, and tire, about a horizontal axis end 3 from a perfectly vertical imaginary plane. Camber is expressed 4 in degrees and is, depending on whether the top of a wheel is outwardly or inwardly tilted away from the true vertical 6 imaginary plane, termed positive or negative. The camper of 7 tire 14 on axle 18 is illustrated in Fig. PA where line 13 8 represents the edge view of an imaginary plane drawn through 9 the center of tire 14 in the plane of the tire. The imaginary plane represented by line 13 is generally parallel to side walls 15 of tire 14. Line 16 represents the side edge view of 12 an imaginary vertical plane passing through the points at which 13 plane 13 intersects the ground 17. If tire 14 were oriented 14 such that line 13 coincided with line 16, the camber of tire 14 15 would be Nero degrees. The camber of tire 14 in Fig. PA is the 16 angle between lines 13 and 16. since the top of tire 14 in 17 Fig. PA is tilted outwardly from line 16, tire 14 has positive 18 camber. In Fig. PA the camber of tire 14 is greatly exaggerated 19 for purposes of illustration.
I
21 Toe-in is the measurement of the angular displacement 22 of the plane of a wheel about a vertical axis and from an 23 imaginary vertical plane. The vertical axis about which the I plane of the wheel it displaced generally intersects a horizontal 25 line passing through the center of the wheel. The toe-in of 26 tire 14 on axle 18 is illustrated in Fig. 2B where line 13 27 represents thy edge view of an imaginary plane drawn through I the center of tire 14 in the plane of the tire. Line 20 1 represents the upper edge view of an imaginary vertical plane 2 passing through the center of tire 14. The plane represented 3 by line 20 is perpendicular to the ground, i.e., to the plane 4 of the paper of the drawings. The angle between lines 13 and 20 in Fig. 2B represents the toe-in of tire 14.
7 Tapered shim 21 constructed in accordance with the 8 invention is pictured in Figs. 3 and 4 and includes elongate 9 curved slots 22 through which the bolts securing the spindle to the axle pass when shim 21 is interposed between the spindle 11 and axle. Circular notches 20 may be formed in shim 21 as 12 necessary to compensate for brake lines or other structural 13 components which outwardly project from the axle member to 14 which the spindle is attached. Shim 21 Lo specifically 15 designed to be used to align the rear wheel of a front wheel 16 drive automobile. As would be appreciated by those of skill 17 in the art, to enable the ready alignment of a wheel, a plurality 18 of shims 21 should be provided, at least some of which have 19 differing tapers.
21 In use, before a shim 21 is installed the camber Andre toe-in of a wheel is measured to determine the amount of taper 23 in shim 21 recolored to correct the alignment of the tire. A
I shim or shims having the proper taper is then selected. Shim 21 25 is installed by removing the wheel from the spindle, removing 26 the spindle from the axle member or members to which the spindle 27 is bolted or otherwise attached, interposing shim 21 between the 228 spindle arid axle, bolting or otherwise reattaching the spindle I
1 to the axle, and remounting the tire on the spindle. The bolts 2 securing the spindle to the axle member pass through at least 3 some of slots 22 of shim 21. After the tire is remounted on 4 the spindle, the camber and toe-in can be measured to insure shim 21 has properly adjusted the alignment of the wheel.
7 A particular advantage of the shim of the invention 8 is that if, after a shim 21 has been installed, the desired 9 toe-in or camber of the wheel has not quite been achieved, the 10 wheel can be removed from the spindle J the bolts securing the 11 spindle to the axle loosened and shim 21 slightly rotated by I hand or with a tool to obtain further adjustments of the spindle 13 with respect to its associated axle member. When the spindle 14 is loosened and shim 21 rotated, slots 22 of shim 21 slide over the bolts passing there through. rotating shim 21 will usually 16 alter both the camber and toe-in of the wheel normally carried 17 by the spindle. After shim 21 has been rotated the desired I amount, the bolts are tightened to again fixedly secure shim 19 21 between the spindle and axle. After the wheel is remounted 20 on the spindle, the toe-in and camber are checked to verify 21 proper alignment has been achieved This procedure requires 22 substantially less time than does the alignment procedure I utilizing the shim disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,037,680 to 24 Grove. As earlier described, if an installed Grove shim does I not properly correct the camber of a tire, the spindle must be 26 completely removed from the axle so the shim can be taken off 28 and a new shim inserted.
I
I
~22~ 8 1 After a shim 21 has been loosely interposed between 2 the spindle and an axle member, the arc through which shim 21 3 must be rotated to achieve the desired alteration in camber or 4 toe-in can be readily calculated using the appropriate
6 The use of shims to adjust the camber of the front 7 wheels of a vehicle is well known in the art. See for example 8 U. S. Patent Nos. 4,037,680 to Grove and 4,195,862 to Spector 9 et at. Both the Grove and Spector patents describe a circular tapered shim which is interposed between a spindle and associated 11 steering knuckle on the front axle of a vehicle in order to 12 adjust the camber of the wheel carried on the spindle. While 13 the shim disclosed in the Grove patent has achieved widespread 14 commercial acceptance, there are several disadvantages associated 15 with the shim.
17 A wheel spindle is normally maintained adjacent its 18 associated steering knuckle by threaded bolts which extend out-19 warmly from the steering knuckle and pass through apertures 20 formed in the spindle. Nuts threaded onto the bolts secure the 21 spindle against the steering knuckle. The Grove shim is 22 generally installed by removing the wheel from the spindle, 23 loosening and removing the nuts from the steering knuckle bolts, I pulling the spindle away from the steering knuckle and off of 2- the bolts, sliding the shim over the bolts to a position adjacent 26 the steering knuckle, sliding the spindle back onto the bolts 27 toward the steering knuckle, threading the nuts on the bolts to 2X force the spindle securely adjacent the steering knuckle, and I
32`l 2 ~22Ç~
1 remounting the wheel on the spindle. The Grove shim is circular 2 and is provided with spaced circular openings passing through 3 the shim. The steering knuckle bolts pass through these openings 4 when the shim is slid onto the bolts.
6 After the Grove shim has been interposed between the 7 spindle and steering knuckle and the wheel remounted on the 8 spindle, the camber of the wheel can be measured. If the camber 9 is incorrect, then the wheel and spindle must again be completely I removed from the axle, the shim removed, another differently 11 sized shim installed, and the spindle and wheel reattached to 12 the axle. Thus, achieving the proper wheel camber by utilizing 13 the Grove shim can be time consuming I
Another drawback of the Grove shim is that it is not 16 adapted to adjust the toe-in of a wheel. It would be 17 advantageous to have the capability to alter the toe-in of a -18 vehicle wheel without having to adjust the tie-rod or other 19 structural component of the suspension system of the vehicle I
21 Finally, neither the Grove patent nor any other prior 22 art appears to disclose shim apparatus which can simultaneously 23 adjust both the toe-in and camber of a wheel. The ability to 24 quickly and conveniently accurately alter both the camber and 25 toe-in of a vehicle wheel with a simple shim would he especially 26 desirable since it would tend to minimize the time required to 28 align the wheel.
i128 1 Accordingly, it would be highly desirable to provide 2 improved shim apparatus which could be utilized to adjust either 3 the toe-in or camber of a vehicle wheel and which could also be 4 utilized to simultaneously adjust both the toe-in and camber of the wheel.
7 It would also be highly desirable to provide improved 8 shim apparatus which could, after the apparatus had been inter-9 posed between a spindle and associated axle member of a vehicle and the spindle had been loosely secured to the axle member, 11 be readily manipulated to selectively alter the toe-in and 12 camber of the spindle before the spindle was tightly secured 13 adjacent its associated axle member.
Therefore, it is a principal object of the instant 16 invention to provide improved apparatus for altering the 17 alignment of the front and rear tires of a vehicle.
19 A further object of the invention is to provide shim 20 apparatus which can be utilized to adjust either the toe-in or 21 camber of a vehicle wheel and which can also be utilized to 22 simultaneously adjust both the camber and toe-in of the wheel.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved 25 shim apparatus of the type which is interposed between a spindle 26 and associated axle member of a vehicle, the spindle normally 27 rotatable carrying at least one of the wheels of the vehicle I and being removably secured to the axle.
Still another object of the invention is to provide improved shim apparatus which can, after it is initially inter-posed between a spindle and associated axle member end the spindle loosely bolted or otherwise connected to the axle member, be displaced to adjust the toe-in and camber of the wheel normally carried by the spindle.
Yet another object of the instant invention is to provide improved shim apparatus of the type described which can be readily manufactured and adapted to align the front and rear wheels of a vehicle.
Yet still another important object of the instant invent lion is to provide improved shim apparatus of the type desk cried which permits two or more shim units to be placed be-tweet a spindle and its associated axle member and to be rotate Ed with respect to one another when the spindle is loosely secured to axle member; the rotation of at least one of the shim units permitting the toe-in and camber of the spindle, and consequently of the wheel normally carried by the spindle, to be finely adjusted without requiring that the spindle be repeat-edgy removed from and reattached to the axle member to interpose different sized shims there between in trial and error Jason Thus, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided, in combination with an assembly for carrying the wheel of a vehicle, said assembly including an axle member, spindle means attached to said axle member for rotatable receive in and carrying said wheel, and bolts for removably, fixedly securing said spindle means to said axle member, said bolts each including at least one threaded end having a nut thereon, having an imaginary and longitudinal centerline, a tapered shim inter-posed between said spindle and said axle, said shim permittin~the I
~Z'~6~8 simultaneous adjustment of the toe-in and camber ox said wheel and including: (a) a first generally smooth contact surface lying in a first imaginary plane; (b) a second generally smooth contact surface lying in a second imaginary plane, said second imaginary plane being at an acute angle with respect to said first plane, said first and second imaginary planes intersecting along a line and each being perpendicular to a third common imaginary plane; (c) at least one arcuate opening formed through said tapered shim; said shim being interposed between said spindle means and said axle member in any of at least three operative positions to adjust the alignment ox said wheel, (d) a first operative position which adjusts the camber of said wheel; (e) a second operative position which adjusts the toe-in of said wheel; and, (f) a third operative position which adjusts both the toe-in and camber of said wheel; said arcuate opening being shaped, contoured and dime-stoned such that (g) said bolts pass through said opening when said shim is interposed between said spindle means and said axle member and said bolts are utilized to fixedly secure said spindle means to said axle member; (h) when said spindle means is, with said shim interposed there between, loosely secured to said axle member with said bolts, said shim can be rotated (i) about an axis generally parallel to said longitudinal centerline of one of said bolts, and (ii) between one of said first and second operative positions and said third operative position.
These and other, furth~rand more specific objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled -pa-~L2;:~1Z8 1 in the art from the following detailed description thereof, 2 taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
4 Fig. lo is a front view of a prior art shim utilized to adjust the camber of the front wheel of a vehicle;
7 Fig. lo is a side view of the shim of Fig. lo 8 illustrating the taper thereof;
Fig. PA is a side elevation view ox the wheel and 11 axle of a vehicle illustrating the camber of the wheel;
13 Fig. 2B is a top view of the axle and wheels of a 14 vehicle illustrating the toe-in of one of the wheels;
lo Fig. 3 is a front view of a shim constructed in 17 accordance with the principles of the invention, 19 Fig. 4 is a wide view of the shim of Fig. 3 further 20 illustrating the construction thereof;
22 Fig. 5 is a top perspective view of two stacked shims 23 constructed in accordance with the invention and rotated with I respect to one another to vary their combined thickness at 25 different points thereon; and I
27 Fig. 6 is a side view of two shims of the invention 28 stacked such that their combined thickness is thy same at all 29 points thereon.
32~ 6 lZ261Z8 1 Briefly, in accordance with one embodiment of my 2 invention, I provide improved apparatus for aligning a wheel 3 of a vehicle. The vehicle has an assembly for carrying the 4 wheel. The assembly includes an axle member and spindle means normally removably fixedly secured to the axle member for 6 rotatable receiving and carrying the wheel. The improvec1 7 apparatus comprises first shim means interposed between the 8 spindle and axle member and shaped, contoured and dimensioned 9 to adjust the toe-in of the wheel. The shim means may also, in addition to being shaped and dimensioned to adjust the toe-in 11 of the wheel, be adapted to permit the separate adjustment of 12 the camber of the wheel without affecting the toe-in of the 13 wheel. Second shim means may be interposed with the first shim 14 means between the spindle an axle member such that rotation of at least one of the first and second shim means alters the 16 camber and toe-in of the wheel.
17 .
18 In another embodiment of the invention, I provide an 19 improved method for adjusting the alignment of a wheel carried 20 by the axle assembly of a vehicle. The axle assembly includes 21 an axle member and spindle means normally removably fixedly 22 attached to the axle member for rotatable supporting the wheel.
I The method includes the steps of removing the wheel from the 24 spindle means; detaching the spindle means from the axle member;
25 obtaining first shim means adapted to be interposed between the 2G spindle means and axle member to adjust the toe-in of the wheel;
27 positioning the spindle means adjacent the axle member with 228 the shim means interposed here between such that the shim means 32~ 7 1 may be displaced in at least one direction; securing the spindle 2 means to the axle member such that the shim means is generally 3 maintained in mixed position between the shim means and axle 4 member; and rotatable mounting the wheel on the spindle means.
In practicing this improved method, the shim means may, in 6 addition to being shaped and dimensioned to adjust the toe-in 7 of the wheel, be adapted to adjust the camber of the wheel 8 without affecting the toe-in of the wheel. The shim means may 9 be adapted such that after the shim means is loosely positioned 0 between the spindle and axle member the shim means may be moved 11 to simultaneously adjust the camber and toe-in of the wheel.
I Finally, in practicing the method of the invention, second shim 13 means may be inserted between the spindle and axle member such I that either the first shim means or second shim means may be rotated to adjust the toe-in camber of the wheel.
17 Turning now to the drawings, which depict the presently 18 preferred embodiments of the invention for the purpose of 19 illustrating the practice thereof and not by way of limitation 20 of the scope of the invention, and in which like reference 21 characters represent corresponding elements throughout the 22 several views, Figs. lo and lo illustrate the shim disclosed in 23 U. S. Patent No. 4,037,68n to Grove. Tapered shim if includes I spaced circular apertures 12 formed there through. When shim if 25 is utilized to adjust the camber of the front wheels of a 26 vehicle as illustrated in Fig. 2 of U. S. Patent No. 4,037,680 27 to Grove, the bolts used to secure the spindle to the steering 223 knuckle pass through apertures 12 of shim if.
32~ 8 ~2f;~8 1 Camber is the measurement of -the angular displacement 2 of the plane of a wheel, and tire, about a horizontal axis end 3 from a perfectly vertical imaginary plane. Camber is expressed 4 in degrees and is, depending on whether the top of a wheel is outwardly or inwardly tilted away from the true vertical 6 imaginary plane, termed positive or negative. The camper of 7 tire 14 on axle 18 is illustrated in Fig. PA where line 13 8 represents the edge view of an imaginary plane drawn through 9 the center of tire 14 in the plane of the tire. The imaginary plane represented by line 13 is generally parallel to side walls 15 of tire 14. Line 16 represents the side edge view of 12 an imaginary vertical plane passing through the points at which 13 plane 13 intersects the ground 17. If tire 14 were oriented 14 such that line 13 coincided with line 16, the camber of tire 14 15 would be Nero degrees. The camber of tire 14 in Fig. PA is the 16 angle between lines 13 and 16. since the top of tire 14 in 17 Fig. PA is tilted outwardly from line 16, tire 14 has positive 18 camber. In Fig. PA the camber of tire 14 is greatly exaggerated 19 for purposes of illustration.
I
21 Toe-in is the measurement of the angular displacement 22 of the plane of a wheel about a vertical axis and from an 23 imaginary vertical plane. The vertical axis about which the I plane of the wheel it displaced generally intersects a horizontal 25 line passing through the center of the wheel. The toe-in of 26 tire 14 on axle 18 is illustrated in Fig. 2B where line 13 27 represents thy edge view of an imaginary plane drawn through I the center of tire 14 in the plane of the tire. Line 20 1 represents the upper edge view of an imaginary vertical plane 2 passing through the center of tire 14. The plane represented 3 by line 20 is perpendicular to the ground, i.e., to the plane 4 of the paper of the drawings. The angle between lines 13 and 20 in Fig. 2B represents the toe-in of tire 14.
7 Tapered shim 21 constructed in accordance with the 8 invention is pictured in Figs. 3 and 4 and includes elongate 9 curved slots 22 through which the bolts securing the spindle to the axle pass when shim 21 is interposed between the spindle 11 and axle. Circular notches 20 may be formed in shim 21 as 12 necessary to compensate for brake lines or other structural 13 components which outwardly project from the axle member to 14 which the spindle is attached. Shim 21 Lo specifically 15 designed to be used to align the rear wheel of a front wheel 16 drive automobile. As would be appreciated by those of skill 17 in the art, to enable the ready alignment of a wheel, a plurality 18 of shims 21 should be provided, at least some of which have 19 differing tapers.
21 In use, before a shim 21 is installed the camber Andre toe-in of a wheel is measured to determine the amount of taper 23 in shim 21 recolored to correct the alignment of the tire. A
I shim or shims having the proper taper is then selected. Shim 21 25 is installed by removing the wheel from the spindle, removing 26 the spindle from the axle member or members to which the spindle 27 is bolted or otherwise attached, interposing shim 21 between the 228 spindle arid axle, bolting or otherwise reattaching the spindle I
1 to the axle, and remounting the tire on the spindle. The bolts 2 securing the spindle to the axle member pass through at least 3 some of slots 22 of shim 21. After the tire is remounted on 4 the spindle, the camber and toe-in can be measured to insure shim 21 has properly adjusted the alignment of the wheel.
7 A particular advantage of the shim of the invention 8 is that if, after a shim 21 has been installed, the desired 9 toe-in or camber of the wheel has not quite been achieved, the 10 wheel can be removed from the spindle J the bolts securing the 11 spindle to the axle loosened and shim 21 slightly rotated by I hand or with a tool to obtain further adjustments of the spindle 13 with respect to its associated axle member. When the spindle 14 is loosened and shim 21 rotated, slots 22 of shim 21 slide over the bolts passing there through. rotating shim 21 will usually 16 alter both the camber and toe-in of the wheel normally carried 17 by the spindle. After shim 21 has been rotated the desired I amount, the bolts are tightened to again fixedly secure shim 19 21 between the spindle and axle. After the wheel is remounted 20 on the spindle, the toe-in and camber are checked to verify 21 proper alignment has been achieved This procedure requires 22 substantially less time than does the alignment procedure I utilizing the shim disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,037,680 to 24 Grove. As earlier described, if an installed Grove shim does I not properly correct the camber of a tire, the spindle must be 26 completely removed from the axle so the shim can be taken off 28 and a new shim inserted.
I
I
~22~ 8 1 After a shim 21 has been loosely interposed between 2 the spindle and an axle member, the arc through which shim 21 3 must be rotated to achieve the desired alteration in camber or 4 toe-in can be readily calculated using the appropriate
5 mathematics. A table compiling such data could be prepared
6 for the use of mechanics installing shims 21.
8 The shape of shim 21, the number of slots and the 9 shape and position of slots in shim 21 can be varied as 0 necessary to permit at least partial rotation of shim 21 when 11 it is installed between the wheel spindle and an axle member.
12 For instance, slots 22 could be replaced by a single sub-13 staunchly continuous slot, shim 22 could be generally square 14 instead of circular or, slots 22 could be unevenly spaced and lo not each have a curved longitudinal centerline lying along thy 16 circumference of a common circle.
18 Slots 22 do not have to be completely enclosed by 19 material comprising shim 21. For example, the portions of shim 21 between dashed lines 3Q, 31 and 32, 33 could be cut from shim 21 21 to produce slots 22 which open toward the imaginary center-22 point 35 of shim 21~ The material between dashed lines 5Q~ 51 I could be cut from shim 21 to provide a slot 22 opening away 24 from point 35.
I
26 If after shim 21 is installed between a spindle and 27 the spindle's associated axle member, shim 21 is oriented as 28 shown in Fig. 3, then only the camber of the wheel will be I
~26~2~3 1 adjusted. In Fig. 3 shim 21 is oriented such that its narrowest 2 portions 23 would, when shim 21 was installed, each be equip 3 distant from the ground and would be the portions of shim 21 4 closest to the ground.
6 If in Fig. 3 shim 21 is, as indicated by arrow A,
8 The shape of shim 21, the number of slots and the 9 shape and position of slots in shim 21 can be varied as 0 necessary to permit at least partial rotation of shim 21 when 11 it is installed between the wheel spindle and an axle member.
12 For instance, slots 22 could be replaced by a single sub-13 staunchly continuous slot, shim 22 could be generally square 14 instead of circular or, slots 22 could be unevenly spaced and lo not each have a curved longitudinal centerline lying along thy 16 circumference of a common circle.
18 Slots 22 do not have to be completely enclosed by 19 material comprising shim 21. For example, the portions of shim 21 between dashed lines 3Q, 31 and 32, 33 could be cut from shim 21 21 to produce slots 22 which open toward the imaginary center-22 point 35 of shim 21~ The material between dashed lines 5Q~ 51 I could be cut from shim 21 to provide a slot 22 opening away 24 from point 35.
I
26 If after shim 21 is installed between a spindle and 27 the spindle's associated axle member, shim 21 is oriented as 28 shown in Fig. 3, then only the camber of the wheel will be I
~26~2~3 1 adjusted. In Fig. 3 shim 21 is oriented such that its narrowest 2 portions 23 would, when shim 21 was installed, each be equip 3 distant from the ground and would be the portions of shim 21 4 closest to the ground.
6 If in Fig. 3 shim 21 is, as indicated by arrow A,
7 rotated 90 counterclockwise, then portions 23 would be moved
8 from the bottom of shim 21 and correspond with points B and C
9 while the thickest portions 24 of shim 21 would be rotated to and correspond with points E and D. If after shim 21 is 11 installed between a spindle and axle it is oriented such that 12 portions 23 correspond to points B, C and portions 24 correspond 13 to points E, D -- where points B and D would be generally the 14 same height above the ground -- then only the toe-in of the 15 wheel is adjusted.
17 If after shim 21 is installed it is not in the 18 orientation shown in Fig. 3 or is not in the orientation 19 achieved by rotating the shim of Fig. 3 ninety degrees, then 20 both the camper and toe-in of the wheel would be altered by 21 the shim.
23 As indicated in Fig. 5, a pair of shims 21, 40 may 24 be installed between a wheel spindle and the spindle's US associated axle member and then, when the spindle is loosely 26 bolted to the axle member, rotated individually or simultaneously 27 to adjust the toe-in and camber of the wheel normally curried 23 by the spindle. In Fig. 6, slots 22 of shims 21 are aligned ~2~6~28 1 with one another so the thickness, indicated by arrows T, of 2 the stacked shims is constant. Dashed lines 53 represent upper 3 shim 21 when it has been rotated 180 with respect to the bottom 4 shim.
6 As utilized herein, the term spindle is intended to 7 encompass any component(s) which rotatable carry the wheel 8 of a vehicle and which is detachably fixedly secured to an 9 axle member(s). The shim of the invention is shaped, contoured and dimensioned as necessary to be interposed between the spindle 11 and its associated axle member such that it can, at some time 12 before the spindle is securely attached to the axle member, be 13 rotated to adjust camber and toe-in. Other components or shim 14 means may or may not, as desired, be interposed with the shim of the invention between the spindle and its associated axle 16 member. Thus, the shim of the invention may be utilized between 17 pads 26, 30 of Fig. 2 of U. S. Patent No. 4,037,680 to Grove or 18 may be utilized between the "stub axle" and "axle beam"
19 illustrated in Fig. Al on page 21 of Section 3: Suspension I and Steering of Robert Bentley's "Rabbit/Scirocco Service Manual, 21 1980 Gasoline Models Including Pickup Truck", 1980, Library of 22 Congress Catalog Card No; 79-57284.
I
32' 1 ~2~6~ 8 1 Having described my invention in such terms as to 2 enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice 3 it, and having identified the presently preferred embodiments Audi b t mode thereon, I Claim:
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ED
29 :
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17 If after shim 21 is installed it is not in the 18 orientation shown in Fig. 3 or is not in the orientation 19 achieved by rotating the shim of Fig. 3 ninety degrees, then 20 both the camper and toe-in of the wheel would be altered by 21 the shim.
23 As indicated in Fig. 5, a pair of shims 21, 40 may 24 be installed between a wheel spindle and the spindle's US associated axle member and then, when the spindle is loosely 26 bolted to the axle member, rotated individually or simultaneously 27 to adjust the toe-in and camber of the wheel normally curried 23 by the spindle. In Fig. 6, slots 22 of shims 21 are aligned ~2~6~28 1 with one another so the thickness, indicated by arrows T, of 2 the stacked shims is constant. Dashed lines 53 represent upper 3 shim 21 when it has been rotated 180 with respect to the bottom 4 shim.
6 As utilized herein, the term spindle is intended to 7 encompass any component(s) which rotatable carry the wheel 8 of a vehicle and which is detachably fixedly secured to an 9 axle member(s). The shim of the invention is shaped, contoured and dimensioned as necessary to be interposed between the spindle 11 and its associated axle member such that it can, at some time 12 before the spindle is securely attached to the axle member, be 13 rotated to adjust camber and toe-in. Other components or shim 14 means may or may not, as desired, be interposed with the shim of the invention between the spindle and its associated axle 16 member. Thus, the shim of the invention may be utilized between 17 pads 26, 30 of Fig. 2 of U. S. Patent No. 4,037,680 to Grove or 18 may be utilized between the "stub axle" and "axle beam"
19 illustrated in Fig. Al on page 21 of Section 3: Suspension I and Steering of Robert Bentley's "Rabbit/Scirocco Service Manual, 21 1980 Gasoline Models Including Pickup Truck", 1980, Library of 22 Congress Catalog Card No; 79-57284.
I
32' 1 ~2~6~ 8 1 Having described my invention in such terms as to 2 enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice 3 it, and having identified the presently preferred embodiments Audi b t mode thereon, I Claim:
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Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In combination with an assembly for carrying the wheel of a vehicle, said assembly including an axle member, spindle means attached to said axle member for rotatably receiving and carrying said wheel, and bolts for removably, fixedly securing said spindle means to said axle member, said bolts each including at least one threaded end having a nut thereon, having an imaginary and longitudinal centerline, a tapered shim interposed between said spindle and said axle, said shim permitting the simultaneous adjustment of the toe-in and camber of said wheel and including:
(a) a first generally smooth contact surface lying in a first imaginary plane;
(b) a second generally smooth contact surface lying in a second imaginary plane, said second imaginary plane being at an acute angle with respect to said first plane, said first and second imaginary planes intersecting along a line and each being perpendicular to a third common imaginary plane;
(c) at least one arcuate opening formed through said tapered shim; said shim being interposed between said spindle means and said axle member in any of at least three operative positions to adjust the alignment of said wheel, (d) a first operative position which adjusts the camber of said wheel;
(e) a second operative position which adjusts the toe-in of said wheel; and, (f) a third operative position which adjusts both the toe-in and camber of said wheel; said arcuate opening being shaped, contoured and dimensioned such that (g) said bolts pass through said opening when said shim is interposed between said spindle means and said axle member and said bolts are utilized to fixedly secure said spindle means to said axle member;
(h) when said spindle means is, with said shim interposed therebetween, loosely secured to said axle member with said bolts, said shim can be rotated (i) about an axis generally parallel to said longitud-inal centerline of one of said bolts, and (ii) between one of said first and second operative positions and said third operative position.
(a) a first generally smooth contact surface lying in a first imaginary plane;
(b) a second generally smooth contact surface lying in a second imaginary plane, said second imaginary plane being at an acute angle with respect to said first plane, said first and second imaginary planes intersecting along a line and each being perpendicular to a third common imaginary plane;
(c) at least one arcuate opening formed through said tapered shim; said shim being interposed between said spindle means and said axle member in any of at least three operative positions to adjust the alignment of said wheel, (d) a first operative position which adjusts the camber of said wheel;
(e) a second operative position which adjusts the toe-in of said wheel; and, (f) a third operative position which adjusts both the toe-in and camber of said wheel; said arcuate opening being shaped, contoured and dimensioned such that (g) said bolts pass through said opening when said shim is interposed between said spindle means and said axle member and said bolts are utilized to fixedly secure said spindle means to said axle member;
(h) when said spindle means is, with said shim interposed therebetween, loosely secured to said axle member with said bolts, said shim can be rotated (i) about an axis generally parallel to said longitud-inal centerline of one of said bolts, and (ii) between one of said first and second operative positions and said third operative position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US47975283A | 1983-03-28 | 1983-03-28 | |
| US06/479,752 | 1983-03-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1226128A true CA1226128A (en) | 1987-09-01 |
Family
ID=23905274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000450546A Expired CA1226128A (en) | 1983-03-28 | 1984-03-27 | Shim and method for adjusting wheel alignment |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59184064A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1226128A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994025326A1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-10 | Specialty Products, Inc. | Apparatus and method for adjusting camber and toe |
| EP2806099A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2014-11-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Alignment of bop stack to facilitate use of a rotating control device |
| WO2016192899A1 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-08 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Twist-beam rear axle for a vehicle |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61228856A (en) * | 1985-04-02 | 1986-10-13 | 工業技術院長 | Conveyor cart |
| JP4612211B2 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2011-01-12 | 勝美 中川 | Car wheel alignment adjustment mechanism |
| KR101738458B1 (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2017-06-08 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | High pressure compressor and refrigerating machine having the same |
| US10731647B2 (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2020-08-04 | Lg Electronics Inc. | High pressure compressor and refrigerating machine having a high pressure compressor |
-
1984
- 1984-03-27 CA CA000450546A patent/CA1226128A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-28 JP JP6048484A patent/JPS59184064A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5622378A (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1997-04-22 | Specialty Products Company | Device and method for adjusting camber and/or toe |
| US5836597A (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1998-11-17 | Specialty Products, Inc. | Device and method for adjusting camber and/or toe |
| US6036205A (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 2000-03-14 | Specialty Products Company | Device and method for adjusting camber and/or toe |
| WO1994025326A1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-10 | Specialty Products, Inc. | Apparatus and method for adjusting camber and toe |
| EP2806099A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2014-11-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Alignment of bop stack to facilitate use of a rotating control device |
| WO2016192899A1 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-08 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Twist-beam rear axle for a vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59184064A (en) | 1984-10-19 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |