CA1222273A - Unsaturated vapor pressure type high pressure sodium lamp - Google Patents
Unsaturated vapor pressure type high pressure sodium lampInfo
- Publication number
- CA1222273A CA1222273A CA000448953A CA448953A CA1222273A CA 1222273 A CA1222273 A CA 1222273A CA 000448953 A CA000448953 A CA 000448953A CA 448953 A CA448953 A CA 448953A CA 1222273 A CA1222273 A CA 1222273A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- getter
- arc tube
- sodium
- high pressure
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/825—High-pressure sodium lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01J61/26—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering; Means for preventing blackening of the envelope
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Abstract
UNSATURATED VAPOR PRESSURE TYPE HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP
ABSTRACT
An unsaturated vapor pressure high pressure sodium lamp includes an arc tube positioned within an evacuated glass envelope and containing a gas fill including mercury and sodium and a getter having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than that of sodium oxide.
ABSTRACT
An unsaturated vapor pressure high pressure sodium lamp includes an arc tube positioned within an evacuated glass envelope and containing a gas fill including mercury and sodium and a getter having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than that of sodium oxide.
Description
UNSATURATED VAPOR PR~SSURE TYPE HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP
CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS
The following concurrently filed Canadian patent applications relate to unsaturated vapor pressure type hig~ pressure sodium lamps and the fabrication thereof:
448,916-1: 448,955-1; 448,954-3: and 448,915-2.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to high pressure sodium lamps of the unsaturated vapor pressure type and more particularly to an unsaturated vapor pressure type high pressure sodium lamp having an arc tube con~aining a fill gas and a getter in contact with the fill gas.
B~CKGROUND ART
High pressure sodium lamps. and particularly so-called "saturated" high pressure sodium lamps, are known in the art. Therein, an elongated arc tube is positioned within an evacuated glass envelope and filled with large amount~ of sodium and mercury.
. ~.
n-24,340 ~22Z27,3 As is well known, sodium loss has long been a problem causing undesired increased voltage drop across the lamp and an accompanying reduction in the useful period of "life" of the discharge lamp.
Thus, the large amount or "saturated" sodium content of the arc tube is an attempt to compensate for the uncontrolled loss of sodium during the operational use of the discharge lamp.
It has long been recognized that one of the principal causes for this undesired sodium loss is the presence of oxygen impurities in the gas fill of the arc tube. More specifically, it is known that the sodium fill gas tends to combine ~ith oxygen and the aluminum oxide arc tube to provide sodium aluminate whereby undesired sodium loss is encountered.
One known attempt to reduce this undesired oxygen impurity level is set forth in U.S. Patent No. 4,075,530 of Furukubo et al.
Therein, a niobium exhaust pipe is coupled to an arc tube and a decomposable material, NaN3, is located within the exhaust pipe. - -The exhaust pipe is heated to decompose the NaN3 while the arc tube is cooled to effect condensation. Thus, the material within this exhaust pipe is heated to effect decomposition, transferred to the arc tube wherein materials, such as sodium and mercury, are condensed and whereat undesired gases, such as nitrogen, are withdrawn.
Unfortunately, locating the decomposable materials in a container external to the arc tube necessitates the application of heat thereto in order to effect the desired decomposition.
! Thereafter, the decomposed materials must be transferred to the arc tube. Also, the arc tube must be cooled in order to effect the condensation of desired residual materials while permitting the exhaust of other undesired materials. Obviously, such a process is cumbersome of apparatus and unrealistically expensive of labor and materials.
D-24,340 ~222~3 OBJ~CTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide an enhanced high pressure sodium lamp. Another object of the invention is to provide an unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp. Still another object of the invention is to improve stability of an unsaturated type high j pressure sodium lamp. A further object of the invention is to reduce the loss of sodium in an unsaturated Yapor high pressure sodium lamp.
These and other objects, advantages and capabilities are achieved in one aspect of the invention by an unsaturated vapor pressure type high pressure sodium lamp having an e1Ongated arc tube located within an evacuated glass envelope and containng a fill including mercury and sodium and a getter forming a metal oxide having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than the free energy of formation per mole of oxygen of sodium oxide.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational perspective view of a high pressure sodium lamp of the unsaturated vapor type of the invention; and FIG. 2 is a chart comparing relative sodium content with operational time for unsaturated high pressure sodium lamps ~ith and without a getter therein.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an unsaturated vapor pressure high pressure sodium lamp of the invention. Herein,~
D-24,340 a glass envelope 3 is formed for insertion in a normal screw-type metal base 5. A stem portion 7 of glass is hermetically sealed to the glass envelope 3 and extends therein. The stem portion 7 has a plurality of electrical conductors 9 sealed therein and extending therethrough. An electrically conductive support member 11 is affixed to one of the electrical conductors 9 and to a metal cross-member 13 attached to an electrode 15 at one end of an elongated arc tube 17. Another electrode 19 is located at the opposite end of the arc tube 17 and attached to one of the electrical conductors 9 passing through the stem portion 7. Heat insulating sleeves 21 and 23 are wrapped about the opposite ends of the arc tube 17 in the vicinity of the electrodes 19 and 15 respectively. Also9 the glass envelope is evacuated and at least one getter, preferably barium, 25 is positioned adjacent the stem portion 7.
Further, a lamp fill including sodium and mercury is disposed~
within the arc tube 17 in an amount only sufficient to provide an unsaturated vapor type high pressure sodium lamp. Importantly, a getter forming a metal oxide having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than sodium oxide and more positive than aluminum oxide is located within the arc tube 17. The getter is in direct contact with the fill gas and preferably adjacent one of the electrodes 15 and 19 within the arc tube 17.
The getter is of a material which does not react with mercury or sodium but does react with oxygen at a rate greater than the rate of reaction of sodium with oxygen. Also, the getter has a melting temperature greater than the operational end temperature of the arc tube 17. Mcreo~er, a preferred getter is a zirconium-aluminum alloy ,f getter manufactured by SAES Getters S.P.A., Milan, Italy, and known by the trade name St 101 getter having an alloy containing about 84%
zirconium and 16% aluminum.
As a specific example9 a number of substantially identical 400-watt unsaturated vapor high pressure sodium lamps were fabricated. Each of the lamps included an arc tube 17 of a polycrystalline aluminum oxîde material having an inner volume of , D-24,340 ~222273 about 4.3 cubic cent;meters. Each of the arc tubes 17 contained a relatively low amount of sodium, about 6 X 10 5 gms, and one of the arc tubes 17 included about 10 mgs of the above-described zirconium-aluminum getter mater;ial.
All of the lamps were processed in a substantially similar manner and lamps with and without the above-mentioned getter located within the ars tube 17 were energized under substantially normal operating conditions. As can readily be seen from the comparison chart of FIG. 2, the lamp having no getter (Curve "A") within the arc tube 17 lost essentially all of the sodium therein through arc tube wall reaction within a period of less than five (5) hours. On the other hand, the lamp having an arc tube 17 containing a getter ~urve "B"), as previously described, indicates a good supply of sodium after an operating period greater than about 700 hours.
Thus, a high pressure sodium lamp employing an unsaturated vapor pressure has been provided wherein a getter is positioned within the arc tube of the lamp. The arc tube has a relatively low amount of sodium introduced therein, and the getter forms a metal oxide with a more ne~ative free energy of formation than that of sodium oxideO
As a result, the sodium level of the arc tube is maintained and the period of operational use of the lamp is extended as compared with prior known structures.
While there has been shown and described what is at present considered the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention as defined by the appended claims.
CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS
The following concurrently filed Canadian patent applications relate to unsaturated vapor pressure type hig~ pressure sodium lamps and the fabrication thereof:
448,916-1: 448,955-1; 448,954-3: and 448,915-2.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to high pressure sodium lamps of the unsaturated vapor pressure type and more particularly to an unsaturated vapor pressure type high pressure sodium lamp having an arc tube con~aining a fill gas and a getter in contact with the fill gas.
B~CKGROUND ART
High pressure sodium lamps. and particularly so-called "saturated" high pressure sodium lamps, are known in the art. Therein, an elongated arc tube is positioned within an evacuated glass envelope and filled with large amount~ of sodium and mercury.
. ~.
n-24,340 ~22Z27,3 As is well known, sodium loss has long been a problem causing undesired increased voltage drop across the lamp and an accompanying reduction in the useful period of "life" of the discharge lamp.
Thus, the large amount or "saturated" sodium content of the arc tube is an attempt to compensate for the uncontrolled loss of sodium during the operational use of the discharge lamp.
It has long been recognized that one of the principal causes for this undesired sodium loss is the presence of oxygen impurities in the gas fill of the arc tube. More specifically, it is known that the sodium fill gas tends to combine ~ith oxygen and the aluminum oxide arc tube to provide sodium aluminate whereby undesired sodium loss is encountered.
One known attempt to reduce this undesired oxygen impurity level is set forth in U.S. Patent No. 4,075,530 of Furukubo et al.
Therein, a niobium exhaust pipe is coupled to an arc tube and a decomposable material, NaN3, is located within the exhaust pipe. - -The exhaust pipe is heated to decompose the NaN3 while the arc tube is cooled to effect condensation. Thus, the material within this exhaust pipe is heated to effect decomposition, transferred to the arc tube wherein materials, such as sodium and mercury, are condensed and whereat undesired gases, such as nitrogen, are withdrawn.
Unfortunately, locating the decomposable materials in a container external to the arc tube necessitates the application of heat thereto in order to effect the desired decomposition.
! Thereafter, the decomposed materials must be transferred to the arc tube. Also, the arc tube must be cooled in order to effect the condensation of desired residual materials while permitting the exhaust of other undesired materials. Obviously, such a process is cumbersome of apparatus and unrealistically expensive of labor and materials.
D-24,340 ~222~3 OBJ~CTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide an enhanced high pressure sodium lamp. Another object of the invention is to provide an unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp. Still another object of the invention is to improve stability of an unsaturated type high j pressure sodium lamp. A further object of the invention is to reduce the loss of sodium in an unsaturated Yapor high pressure sodium lamp.
These and other objects, advantages and capabilities are achieved in one aspect of the invention by an unsaturated vapor pressure type high pressure sodium lamp having an e1Ongated arc tube located within an evacuated glass envelope and containng a fill including mercury and sodium and a getter forming a metal oxide having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than the free energy of formation per mole of oxygen of sodium oxide.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational perspective view of a high pressure sodium lamp of the unsaturated vapor type of the invention; and FIG. 2 is a chart comparing relative sodium content with operational time for unsaturated high pressure sodium lamps ~ith and without a getter therein.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an unsaturated vapor pressure high pressure sodium lamp of the invention. Herein,~
D-24,340 a glass envelope 3 is formed for insertion in a normal screw-type metal base 5. A stem portion 7 of glass is hermetically sealed to the glass envelope 3 and extends therein. The stem portion 7 has a plurality of electrical conductors 9 sealed therein and extending therethrough. An electrically conductive support member 11 is affixed to one of the electrical conductors 9 and to a metal cross-member 13 attached to an electrode 15 at one end of an elongated arc tube 17. Another electrode 19 is located at the opposite end of the arc tube 17 and attached to one of the electrical conductors 9 passing through the stem portion 7. Heat insulating sleeves 21 and 23 are wrapped about the opposite ends of the arc tube 17 in the vicinity of the electrodes 19 and 15 respectively. Also9 the glass envelope is evacuated and at least one getter, preferably barium, 25 is positioned adjacent the stem portion 7.
Further, a lamp fill including sodium and mercury is disposed~
within the arc tube 17 in an amount only sufficient to provide an unsaturated vapor type high pressure sodium lamp. Importantly, a getter forming a metal oxide having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than sodium oxide and more positive than aluminum oxide is located within the arc tube 17. The getter is in direct contact with the fill gas and preferably adjacent one of the electrodes 15 and 19 within the arc tube 17.
The getter is of a material which does not react with mercury or sodium but does react with oxygen at a rate greater than the rate of reaction of sodium with oxygen. Also, the getter has a melting temperature greater than the operational end temperature of the arc tube 17. Mcreo~er, a preferred getter is a zirconium-aluminum alloy ,f getter manufactured by SAES Getters S.P.A., Milan, Italy, and known by the trade name St 101 getter having an alloy containing about 84%
zirconium and 16% aluminum.
As a specific example9 a number of substantially identical 400-watt unsaturated vapor high pressure sodium lamps were fabricated. Each of the lamps included an arc tube 17 of a polycrystalline aluminum oxîde material having an inner volume of , D-24,340 ~222273 about 4.3 cubic cent;meters. Each of the arc tubes 17 contained a relatively low amount of sodium, about 6 X 10 5 gms, and one of the arc tubes 17 included about 10 mgs of the above-described zirconium-aluminum getter mater;ial.
All of the lamps were processed in a substantially similar manner and lamps with and without the above-mentioned getter located within the ars tube 17 were energized under substantially normal operating conditions. As can readily be seen from the comparison chart of FIG. 2, the lamp having no getter (Curve "A") within the arc tube 17 lost essentially all of the sodium therein through arc tube wall reaction within a period of less than five (5) hours. On the other hand, the lamp having an arc tube 17 containing a getter ~urve "B"), as previously described, indicates a good supply of sodium after an operating period greater than about 700 hours.
Thus, a high pressure sodium lamp employing an unsaturated vapor pressure has been provided wherein a getter is positioned within the arc tube of the lamp. The arc tube has a relatively low amount of sodium introduced therein, and the getter forms a metal oxide with a more ne~ative free energy of formation than that of sodium oxideO
As a result, the sodium level of the arc tube is maintained and the period of operational use of the lamp is extended as compared with prior known structures.
While there has been shown and described what is at present considered the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. An unsaturated vapor pressure high pressure sodium lamp comprising:
an evacuated glass envelope having a plurality of electrically conductive support members therein and extending therethrough;
an elongated arc tube having a pair of electrodes extending therethrough and affixed to said electrically conductive support members within said glass envelope;
a gas fill including mercury and sodium within said elongated arc tube; and a getter located within said arc tube in contact with said gas fill and providing a metal oxide having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than the free energy of formation per mole of oxygen of sodium oxide.
an evacuated glass envelope having a plurality of electrically conductive support members therein and extending therethrough;
an elongated arc tube having a pair of electrodes extending therethrough and affixed to said electrically conductive support members within said glass envelope;
a gas fill including mercury and sodium within said elongated arc tube; and a getter located within said arc tube in contact with said gas fill and providing a metal oxide having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than the free energy of formation per mole of oxygen of sodium oxide.
2. The unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 1 wherein said getter is in the form of a zirconium-aluminum alloy getter.
3. The unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 1 wherein said getter is non-reactive with mercury and sodium.
4. The unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 1 wherein said getter is in the form of an alloy including about 84% zirconium and 16% aluminum.
5. The unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 1 wherein said arc tube has a given operational end temperature and said getter has a melting point at a temperature higher than said given operational end temperature of said arc tube.
6. The unsaturated vapor high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 1 wherein said getter material reacts with oxygen at a rate greater than the rate of reaction of sodium with oxygen.
7. The unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 1 wherein said arc tube has a volume of about 4.3 cubic centimeters and contains about 6 x 10-5 gms of sodium and about 10-mgs of 84% zirconium 16% aluminum getter.
8. In a high pressure sodium lamp of the unsaturated vapor type having an elongated arc tube with a pair of electrodes extending there through and supported by electrical conductors within an evacuated glass envelope, the improvement comprising a fill gas including mercury and sodium and a getter providing metal oxide having a free energy of formation per mole of oxygen more negative than the free energy of formation per mole of oxygen of sodium oxide disposed within said arc tube, said getter being in direct contact with said fill gas within said elongated arc tube.
9. The improvement of Claim 8 wherein said getter is in the form of a zirconium and aluminum alloy.
10. The improvement of Claim 8 wherein said getter reacts with oxygen at a rate greater than the reaction rate of sodium with oxygen.
11. The improvement of Claim 8 wherein said getter includes about 84% zirconium and about 16% aluminum.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US47389583A | 1983-03-10 | 1983-03-10 | |
| US473,895 | 1990-02-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1222273A true CA1222273A (en) | 1987-05-26 |
Family
ID=23881464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000448953A Expired CA1222273A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1984-03-06 | Unsaturated vapor pressure type high pressure sodium lamp |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0123397B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS59169050A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU578603B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1222273A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3475855D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0282657A1 (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1988-09-21 | Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. | High pressure sodium vapor lamp having unsaturated vapor pressure type characteristics |
| JP2928813B2 (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1999-08-03 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Unsaturated high pressure sodium lamp |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3203901A (en) * | 1962-02-15 | 1965-08-31 | Porta Paolo Della | Method of manufacturing zirconiumaluminum alloy getters |
| US3384798A (en) * | 1966-04-26 | 1968-05-21 | Gen Electric | High pressure saturation vapor sodium lamp containing mercury |
| US3453477A (en) * | 1967-02-16 | 1969-07-01 | Gen Electric | Alumina-ceramic sodium vapor lamp |
| GB1211176A (en) * | 1967-02-16 | 1970-11-04 | Gen Electric | High-pressure sodium vapor lamp |
| US3485343A (en) * | 1967-08-28 | 1969-12-23 | Gen Electric | Oxygen getter for high pressure sodium vapor lamp |
| NL7108465A (en) * | 1970-06-24 | 1971-12-28 | ||
| US3805105A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1974-04-16 | Gte Sylvania Inc | High pressure electric discharge device with zirconium-aluminum getter |
| US4025812A (en) * | 1975-10-14 | 1977-05-24 | General Electric Company | Alumina ceramic alkali metal lamp having metal getter structure |
| HU172230B (en) * | 1976-04-07 | 1978-07-28 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | High-pressure discharge lamp with metallo-haloid additional material |
| US4075530A (en) * | 1976-04-21 | 1978-02-21 | Japan Storage Battery Company Limited | High pressure sodium vapor lamp of unsaturated vapor pressure type |
| CA1214196A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1986-11-18 | Jack M. Strok | Color rendition high pressure sodium arc tubes having an oxygen getter |
-
1984
- 1984-03-06 CA CA000448953A patent/CA1222273A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-09 EP EP84301612A patent/EP0123397B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-09 JP JP4415684A patent/JPS59169050A/en active Pending
- 1984-03-09 DE DE8484301612T patent/DE3475855D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-09 AU AU25478/84A patent/AU578603B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0123397A1 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| EP0123397B1 (en) | 1988-12-28 |
| AU578603B2 (en) | 1988-11-03 |
| AU2547884A (en) | 1984-09-13 |
| DE3475855D1 (en) | 1989-02-02 |
| JPS59169050A (en) | 1984-09-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |