CA1198413A - Dual viscosity mixer - Google Patents
Dual viscosity mixerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1198413A CA1198413A CA000427994A CA427994A CA1198413A CA 1198413 A CA1198413 A CA 1198413A CA 000427994 A CA000427994 A CA 000427994A CA 427994 A CA427994 A CA 427994A CA 1198413 A CA1198413 A CA 1198413A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tubular member
- hollow tubular
- fluid
- side walls
- orifices
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device for the mixing of two or more fluids is disclosed which comprises an elongated hollow tubular member which is constricted inter-mediate its ends with a mixing zone comprising (a) at least two cylindrical orifices whose axes are substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member for carrying a first fluid and (b) a fluid entry port for discharging a second fluid substantially between said two cylindrical orifices. The device is particularly advantageous when used for the mixing of two fluids having widely disparate viscosities.
A device for the mixing of two or more fluids is disclosed which comprises an elongated hollow tubular member which is constricted inter-mediate its ends with a mixing zone comprising (a) at least two cylindrical orifices whose axes are substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member for carrying a first fluid and (b) a fluid entry port for discharging a second fluid substantially between said two cylindrical orifices. The device is particularly advantageous when used for the mixing of two fluids having widely disparate viscosities.
Description
It is common practice to mix particulate solids, liquids and gases with motionless mixers having, as the name implies, no moving pyres Mixers of this category consist of baffles of various types arranged sequentially i-n a tube or pipe. By a process of division and recombination, separate input components can be mixed or dispersed within one another at the output of said tube or pipe.
Difficulties are often experienced, however, when mixing materials of widely disparate viscosities and/or very different flow fates. or example, in the polymer field, it is at times desirable to mix very small quantities of a low viscosity material within a much larger quantity of a high viscosity material. When this is done, the low viscosity material tends to tunnel through the mixing elements without blending with the high viscosity material to any great extent. As an example, one might wish to mix a stream flowing at a rate of 7 gym of a polymer having a viscosity of 30 million centipoises with a second stream traveling at 0.035 gym of 6 centipoise material.
A variety of approaches have been attempted to produce an initial degree of dispersion or mixing at the injection point of the low viscosity material. These approaches have included by way of illustration, the use of a multiplicity of injection ports around the circumference of a pipe. A second approach has consisted of the use of a relatively small diameter pipe for carrying the low viscosity material which passes through the diameter of the main pipe carrying the high viscosity material. The small diameter pipe is configured to have a plurality of holes used for injecting the low viscosity fluid. A common problem of such devices hiving parallel path outlets is that the low viscosity fluid injection apertures become differentially plugged resulting in asy~netric distribution.
It is well known that one of the mechanisms that allows for mixing of fluids is diffusion However when dealing with high viscosity materials which typically produce luminary flow, diffusion rates are very small. It is known that the rate of mass transfer N of the diffusing component measured in moles per second per unit area is equal to the diffusivity D multiplied by the local concentration gradient da . Thus, N D do Since D is small in high viscosity material, it is necessary to mike the con-cent ration gradient ddC large in order to maximize the value of the mass transfer rate N.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a motionless mixing device without the drawbacks of corresponding devices of the prior art.
Referring again to the equation presented above, the rate of mass transfer N can be increased by decreasing dry In principle, this can be accomplished by placing a relatively small diameter pipe across the diameter of a larger pipe or tube the small diameter pipe having a thin slot along its length. The fluid component exiting the slot would be introduced in the form of very thin sheets, but the clogging problems discussed above would never the-less plague this approach.
SMEAR THE INVENTION
The invention provides a device for the mixing of two or more fluids comprising an elongated hollow tubular member in which said hollow tubular mom-bier is constricted intermediate its ends with a mixing zone comprising: (A) at least two orifices whose axes are substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member for carrying a first fluid; and (B) a fluid entry port for discharging a second fluid substantially between said cylindrical orifices.
The mixing device is particularly useful in the mixing of two or more fluids having widely disparate viscosities and can maximize the rate of mass transfer N to improve diffusion between the fluids to be mixed.
The present invention will be more fully appreciated when considerirlg the following disclosure and appended drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an isometric representation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the device of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a second embodiment of the present invention showing a modified feed port for the low viscosity fluid.
Referring to Figure 1 J mixing device 10 comprises a hollow tubular member 1 which is contracted a 9, said constriction comprising, for example, two orifices 5,6 for passage of a relatively high viscosity fluid. Although the cross-sections of the oliifices are shown to be circular, this need not be the case.
The low viscosity fluid entry port 15 preferably comprises an orifice located in hollow tube 20, which is shown radially extending through the side walls of elongated hollow tubular member 1. The low viscosity fluid is caused to enter the motionless mixer of the present invention through the hollow tube and its rate of discharge is controllable by pumping means snot shown).
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, hollow tube 20 passes radially through tubular member 1 through the center points of each orifice 5, 6. This has been done for the sake of symmetry. It is, however, appropriate to pass hollow tube 20 through the side walls of hollow tubular member 1 at other points such as, for example, 90 from the position shown while achieving the beneficial mixing characteristics desired herein.
~8~3 Without orifices 5,6, a low viscosity fluid entering a high viscosity fluid stream through entry port 15 would simply form a thin line stream as the fluids pass through hollow tubular member 1. By practicing the present invent Shea, however, it has surprisingly been determined that low viscosity fluid 20 forms an elongated flat plane across the diameter of the pipe which greatly enhances molecular diffusion between the low viscosity and high viscosity fluids. This increases the surface area available for diffusion by a factor typically 25 - 50 times while at the same time increasing the value of .
As stated previously, the present invention is particularly Advent-genus in mixing fluids of markedly contrasting viscosities. Ideally, the viscosity ratio of the first and second fluids should be approximately 1000:1 or more to most adequately take advantage of the motionless mixer presented herein.
Constriction 9 forming the mixing zone from which the two or more orifices are formed can assume a number of configurations. It has been found that when the side walls of constriction 9 are radially perpendicular to the circumference of hollow tubular member l, some of the fluid being mixed can settle in dead zones approximate the interior side walls of the hollow tubular member. Thus, it is preferable, as shown in Figure 1, to slope the side walls of constriction 9, said slope most typically being at a 45 angle to the center-line of hollow tubular member 1.
Figure 3 depicts yet another embodiment of the present invention whereby instead of providing a single hole 15 as a discharge port for the low viscosity fluid as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the discharge port of Figure 3 comprises an orifice formed at the distal ends of a solid rod 3 and hollow tube 4. As in the previous embodiments, the hollow tube and solid rod pass radially through the side walls of elongated hollow tubular member 1. Low viscosity fluid is caused to enter the motionless mixer of the present invention Roy the hollow tube, and its rate of discharge is directly related to the spacing between the distal ends of the hollow tube and solid rod.
The advantage realized on the employment of the embowelment shown in Figure 3 over that shown in Figures 1 and 2 is simply in the ease in which one can control the rate of discharge of the low viscosity fluid and, secondarily, increased ease in preventing the low viscosity discharge port prom being clogged.
Thus, by contacting tube 3 and rod the open end of the tube can be somewhat cleaned, while more intensive cleaning can be achieved by actually removing the hollow tube from tubular member 1.
The present invention is particularly advantageous when used upstream of a second more conventional mixing apparatus. The objective of mixing high and low density fluids is difficult for the reasons advanced previously, particularly when employing conventional devices. By placing the dual viscosity mixer of the present invention upstream an incline, static or motionless mixer, these later devices are presented with a fluid stream comprising a high density bulk fluid with a sheet of partially premixed low viscosity fluid which is a condition which greatly enhances final mixing.
Constrictions 5 and 6 need not have circular cross-sections as shown in the accompanying figures. In fact, virtually any configuration can be used having a substantially curved circumference. Naturally, the endless possibly-ties involved prevent depiction of each and every embodiment. Issue, while the embodiments of this invention as shown and described are fully capable of achieving the objects and advantages desired, it is to be understood that such embodiments ore for the purpose of illustration only and are not for the purposes of limitation.
Difficulties are often experienced, however, when mixing materials of widely disparate viscosities and/or very different flow fates. or example, in the polymer field, it is at times desirable to mix very small quantities of a low viscosity material within a much larger quantity of a high viscosity material. When this is done, the low viscosity material tends to tunnel through the mixing elements without blending with the high viscosity material to any great extent. As an example, one might wish to mix a stream flowing at a rate of 7 gym of a polymer having a viscosity of 30 million centipoises with a second stream traveling at 0.035 gym of 6 centipoise material.
A variety of approaches have been attempted to produce an initial degree of dispersion or mixing at the injection point of the low viscosity material. These approaches have included by way of illustration, the use of a multiplicity of injection ports around the circumference of a pipe. A second approach has consisted of the use of a relatively small diameter pipe for carrying the low viscosity material which passes through the diameter of the main pipe carrying the high viscosity material. The small diameter pipe is configured to have a plurality of holes used for injecting the low viscosity fluid. A common problem of such devices hiving parallel path outlets is that the low viscosity fluid injection apertures become differentially plugged resulting in asy~netric distribution.
It is well known that one of the mechanisms that allows for mixing of fluids is diffusion However when dealing with high viscosity materials which typically produce luminary flow, diffusion rates are very small. It is known that the rate of mass transfer N of the diffusing component measured in moles per second per unit area is equal to the diffusivity D multiplied by the local concentration gradient da . Thus, N D do Since D is small in high viscosity material, it is necessary to mike the con-cent ration gradient ddC large in order to maximize the value of the mass transfer rate N.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a motionless mixing device without the drawbacks of corresponding devices of the prior art.
Referring again to the equation presented above, the rate of mass transfer N can be increased by decreasing dry In principle, this can be accomplished by placing a relatively small diameter pipe across the diameter of a larger pipe or tube the small diameter pipe having a thin slot along its length. The fluid component exiting the slot would be introduced in the form of very thin sheets, but the clogging problems discussed above would never the-less plague this approach.
SMEAR THE INVENTION
The invention provides a device for the mixing of two or more fluids comprising an elongated hollow tubular member in which said hollow tubular mom-bier is constricted intermediate its ends with a mixing zone comprising: (A) at least two orifices whose axes are substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member for carrying a first fluid; and (B) a fluid entry port for discharging a second fluid substantially between said cylindrical orifices.
The mixing device is particularly useful in the mixing of two or more fluids having widely disparate viscosities and can maximize the rate of mass transfer N to improve diffusion between the fluids to be mixed.
The present invention will be more fully appreciated when considerirlg the following disclosure and appended drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an isometric representation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the device of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a second embodiment of the present invention showing a modified feed port for the low viscosity fluid.
Referring to Figure 1 J mixing device 10 comprises a hollow tubular member 1 which is contracted a 9, said constriction comprising, for example, two orifices 5,6 for passage of a relatively high viscosity fluid. Although the cross-sections of the oliifices are shown to be circular, this need not be the case.
The low viscosity fluid entry port 15 preferably comprises an orifice located in hollow tube 20, which is shown radially extending through the side walls of elongated hollow tubular member 1. The low viscosity fluid is caused to enter the motionless mixer of the present invention through the hollow tube and its rate of discharge is controllable by pumping means snot shown).
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, hollow tube 20 passes radially through tubular member 1 through the center points of each orifice 5, 6. This has been done for the sake of symmetry. It is, however, appropriate to pass hollow tube 20 through the side walls of hollow tubular member 1 at other points such as, for example, 90 from the position shown while achieving the beneficial mixing characteristics desired herein.
~8~3 Without orifices 5,6, a low viscosity fluid entering a high viscosity fluid stream through entry port 15 would simply form a thin line stream as the fluids pass through hollow tubular member 1. By practicing the present invent Shea, however, it has surprisingly been determined that low viscosity fluid 20 forms an elongated flat plane across the diameter of the pipe which greatly enhances molecular diffusion between the low viscosity and high viscosity fluids. This increases the surface area available for diffusion by a factor typically 25 - 50 times while at the same time increasing the value of .
As stated previously, the present invention is particularly Advent-genus in mixing fluids of markedly contrasting viscosities. Ideally, the viscosity ratio of the first and second fluids should be approximately 1000:1 or more to most adequately take advantage of the motionless mixer presented herein.
Constriction 9 forming the mixing zone from which the two or more orifices are formed can assume a number of configurations. It has been found that when the side walls of constriction 9 are radially perpendicular to the circumference of hollow tubular member l, some of the fluid being mixed can settle in dead zones approximate the interior side walls of the hollow tubular member. Thus, it is preferable, as shown in Figure 1, to slope the side walls of constriction 9, said slope most typically being at a 45 angle to the center-line of hollow tubular member 1.
Figure 3 depicts yet another embodiment of the present invention whereby instead of providing a single hole 15 as a discharge port for the low viscosity fluid as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the discharge port of Figure 3 comprises an orifice formed at the distal ends of a solid rod 3 and hollow tube 4. As in the previous embodiments, the hollow tube and solid rod pass radially through the side walls of elongated hollow tubular member 1. Low viscosity fluid is caused to enter the motionless mixer of the present invention Roy the hollow tube, and its rate of discharge is directly related to the spacing between the distal ends of the hollow tube and solid rod.
The advantage realized on the employment of the embowelment shown in Figure 3 over that shown in Figures 1 and 2 is simply in the ease in which one can control the rate of discharge of the low viscosity fluid and, secondarily, increased ease in preventing the low viscosity discharge port prom being clogged.
Thus, by contacting tube 3 and rod the open end of the tube can be somewhat cleaned, while more intensive cleaning can be achieved by actually removing the hollow tube from tubular member 1.
The present invention is particularly advantageous when used upstream of a second more conventional mixing apparatus. The objective of mixing high and low density fluids is difficult for the reasons advanced previously, particularly when employing conventional devices. By placing the dual viscosity mixer of the present invention upstream an incline, static or motionless mixer, these later devices are presented with a fluid stream comprising a high density bulk fluid with a sheet of partially premixed low viscosity fluid which is a condition which greatly enhances final mixing.
Constrictions 5 and 6 need not have circular cross-sections as shown in the accompanying figures. In fact, virtually any configuration can be used having a substantially curved circumference. Naturally, the endless possibly-ties involved prevent depiction of each and every embodiment. Issue, while the embodiments of this invention as shown and described are fully capable of achieving the objects and advantages desired, it is to be understood that such embodiments ore for the purpose of illustration only and are not for the purposes of limitation.
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for the mixing of two or more fluids comprising an elongated hollow tubular member in which said hollow tubular member is constricted inter-mediate its ends with a mixing zone comprising: (A) at least two orifices whose axes are substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member for carrying a first fluid; and (B) a fluid entry port for discharging a second fluid substantially between said cylindrical orifices.
2. The device of Claim 1 wherein the side walls of said constriction are tapered with respect to the side walls of the elongated hollow tubular member.
3. The device of Claim 2 wherein said taper is approximately 45° with respect to the side walls of the elongated hollow tubular member.
4. The device of Claim 1 wherein said second fluid entry port comprises an orifice formed at the distal ends of a solid rod and hollow tube, said solid rod and hollow tube radially extending through the side walls of said elongated hollow tubular member.
5. The device of Claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said fluid entry port is confi-gured from a hole in a hollow tube which passes through the center points of each orifice and extends radially through the side walls of said elongated hollow tubular member.
6. The device of Claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the viscosity ratio of the first to second fluids is at least approximately 1000:1.
7. The device of Claim 4 wherein said mixing zone comprises two orifices and said solid rod and hollow tube forming said second entry port pass through the body and side walls of said elongated hollow tubular member between said two orifices.
8. The device of Claim 1 wherein said two orifices are substantially cy-lindrical.
9. The device of Claim 8 wherein said second fluid entry port comprises an orifice formed at the distal ends of a solid rod and hollow tube, said solid rod and hollow tube radially extending through the side walls of said elongated hollow tubular member.
10. The device of Claim 9 wherein said mixing zone comprises two substan-tially cylindrical orifices and said solid rod and hollow tube forming said second entry port pass through the centerpoints of each orifice and extend radially through the side walls of said elongated hollow tubular member.
11. A device for the mixing of two or more fluids comprising an elongated hollow tubular member in which said hollow tubular member is constricted inter-mediate its ends with a mixing zone comprising: (A) at least two orifices whose axes are substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member for carrying a first fluid; (B) a fluid entry port for discharging a second fluid substan-tially between said cylindrical orifices; and (C) a separate mixing device downstream of said elongated hollow tubular member selected from a member con-sisting of an inline mixer, a static mixer and a motionless mixer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US37800582A | 1982-05-13 | 1982-05-13 | |
| US378,005 | 1982-05-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1198413A true CA1198413A (en) | 1985-12-24 |
Family
ID=23491344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000427994A Expired CA1198413A (en) | 1982-05-13 | 1983-05-12 | Dual viscosity mixer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58207934A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1198413A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3316971A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2526673B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2120113B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5650173A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1997-07-22 | Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. Ii | Preparation of biodegradable microparticles containing a biologically active agent |
| DK0729357T3 (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 2005-06-06 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Microencapsulated 1,2-benzazoles |
| ATE212830T1 (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 2002-02-15 | Alkermes Inc | PRODUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE MICROPARTICLES CONTAINING A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCE |
| DE19709068C1 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-04-30 | Ibak Gmbh & Co Kg | Valve arrangement for flow control of mixture having two components of different viscosity |
| DE10223374B4 (en) * | 2002-05-25 | 2007-12-13 | Frank Berndsen | Apparatus for the universal dyeing of viscous masses continuously flowing under pressure and plasticized in a plasticizing unit |
| JP7000191B2 (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2022-02-04 | リンナイ株式会社 | Cleaning liquid generator |
| CN108393000A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-08-14 | 新疆金兰植物蛋白有限公司 | A kind of oil alkali static mixing device and the method for preparing cottonseed refined oil with mixed cotton seed oil using the device |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2424654A (en) * | 1944-06-03 | 1947-07-29 | Lindberg Eng Co | Fluid mixing device |
| US2666444A (en) * | 1949-03-26 | 1954-01-19 | Johns Manville | Fluid distributor |
| DE1867434U (en) * | 1962-12-24 | 1963-02-21 | Richard Walburg | DUESE FOR FINE DISTRIBUTION OF GASES OR LIQUIDS IN LIQUIDS. |
| DE1557253A1 (en) * | 1967-04-13 | 1970-04-02 | Zink Co John | Device for mixing fluid media |
| US3410531A (en) * | 1967-05-19 | 1968-11-12 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Mixing apparatus |
| US3860217A (en) * | 1973-04-26 | 1975-01-14 | Kenics Corp | Shear mixer |
| JPS5643396Y2 (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1981-10-12 | ||
| JPS5811247B2 (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1983-03-02 | 三菱油化株式会社 | gas mixing device |
-
1983
- 1983-04-29 GB GB08311846A patent/GB2120113B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-09 DE DE19833316971 patent/DE3316971A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-05-11 FR FR8307932A patent/FR2526673B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-12 JP JP58081856A patent/JPS58207934A/en active Granted
- 1983-05-12 CA CA000427994A patent/CA1198413A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2120113A (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| JPS58207934A (en) | 1983-12-03 |
| FR2526673B1 (en) | 1987-11-27 |
| GB2120113B (en) | 1985-10-09 |
| GB8311846D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| JPS6158214B2 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
| DE3316971A1 (en) | 1983-11-17 |
| FR2526673A1 (en) | 1983-11-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |