CA1172099A - Screw press for extracting liquids - Google Patents
Screw press for extracting liquidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1172099A CA1172099A CA000382098A CA382098A CA1172099A CA 1172099 A CA1172099 A CA 1172099A CA 000382098 A CA000382098 A CA 000382098A CA 382098 A CA382098 A CA 382098A CA 1172099 A CA1172099 A CA 1172099A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- door
- chamber
- feed
- press
- screw
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A screw press for extracting liquids from materials such as fruits, vegetables, or the like having a cylindrical barrel having a concentric variable-speed helical feed and compression screw. The rearward portion of the cylindrical barrel comprises a cage section having perforate filter screens for passing extracted liquids and filtering out undesired solids from the material being pressed formed by at least one pair of open semi-circular frames having a plurality of ribs which support replaceable filter screens. The pair of frames is attached to a set of lower hinge blocks and is removably joined along the upper edges of the frames. The frames may be separated at the upper edges to open in a book-like manner completely clear of the feed and compression screw, permitting cleaning of the screens and screw, or replacement of the screens. A portion of the barrel rearward from the feed and compression screw forms a cylindrical pressing chamber having screen walls for passing extracted liquids therethrough. The outlet end of the cylindrical pressing chamber is closed by a circular door having inner projecting cutter bars and slidably mounted on the feed and compression screw drive shaft.
Hydraulic actuators apply adjustable pressure to the outside surface of the door. The internal pressure of material causes the door to open for ejection of the dried material. A
clutch automatically engages when the door opens to rotate the door and the cutting bars to pare away a cake of the dried material.
A screw press for extracting liquids from materials such as fruits, vegetables, or the like having a cylindrical barrel having a concentric variable-speed helical feed and compression screw. The rearward portion of the cylindrical barrel comprises a cage section having perforate filter screens for passing extracted liquids and filtering out undesired solids from the material being pressed formed by at least one pair of open semi-circular frames having a plurality of ribs which support replaceable filter screens. The pair of frames is attached to a set of lower hinge blocks and is removably joined along the upper edges of the frames. The frames may be separated at the upper edges to open in a book-like manner completely clear of the feed and compression screw, permitting cleaning of the screens and screw, or replacement of the screens. A portion of the barrel rearward from the feed and compression screw forms a cylindrical pressing chamber having screen walls for passing extracted liquids therethrough. The outlet end of the cylindrical pressing chamber is closed by a circular door having inner projecting cutter bars and slidably mounted on the feed and compression screw drive shaft.
Hydraulic actuators apply adjustable pressure to the outside surface of the door. The internal pressure of material causes the door to open for ejection of the dried material. A
clutch automatically engages when the door opens to rotate the door and the cutting bars to pare away a cake of the dried material.
Description
~ 1 72099 sAcKGRouND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to screw presses for extracting liquid from fruits or vegetables or the like, and more-particularly to a screw press for extracting the remainder of the liquids in such fruits and vegetables after predraining or prepressing.
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to screw presses for extracting liquid from fruits or vegetables or the like, and more-particularly to a screw press for extracting the remainder of the liquids in such fruits and vegetables after predraining or prepressing.
2. Description of the Prior Art.
Screw presses have been widely used for the extraction of liquids from solids or semi-solids in the food industry.
A primary application of such presses is: in the grape and wine industry. Our copending Canadian Application Serial ~o.
377,249 filed May 8, 1981 is for a screw press which may be utilized as a predrainer for removing free run juice from destemmed grapes. The disclosed predrainer press will advantageously remove about 80~ of the available juice from the grape must. Thus, the must from the predrainer is relatively dry. Prior art screw presses have difficulty in handling very dry materials. Most such screw presses utilize a large forward pitch feed and pressing screw extending for approximately half the length of the press barrel. The remainder of the barrel is open with a closed door disposed at its outer end. Material introduced into the first thread flights of the feed screw are carried forward and build up in the chamber formed by the open section of the press and the closed door. As more and more material accumulates, a cake is built up within this region with the force from the feed screw threads forcing the cake against sd/~"~
~ 1 72(19~
the end door. Various door desi.gns have been used;
however, a restraining force or back pressure must be applied to the door allowing it to open only when the pressure of the ca~e e~ceeds such back pressure.
Once the cake i5 built up and material continued to be fed into such presses~. the liquids are squeezed out of the cake of material and passed through screens wl~ich normally form the walls of the press barrel.
These liq~ids are collected for further processing.
la The mater;als forced out of the door as it opens is then collected as waste~
Prior art presses have generally used top-hinged doors and have had difficulties in applying the required ~ack pressure once the door has been forced lS completely open~ ~n improved door structure in a screw ~ress of this type is disclosed.in U.S. Patent Mo, 4r117~776 to Hunt which uses a flat surface. cir-cular door which.can open by slidlng horizontally on a shaft concentric wi.th the press barrel with back pressure being maintained on the door by means of a coil spring. The door încorporates cutter bars on its inside surface and a mechanical friction clutch for engaging the door wi.th.the shaft which is turning with the feed screw. Thus~ when the hack pressure of the spring is overcome by the force of the cake, the door opens by slidïng back, engaging the clutch and rotating to cut ~waX the cake e iting throu~h the door opening, Whi.le superior to the hinyed doors, the door construction disclosed in this patent has the disadvantage of not bein~ readily adjustable.
As will ~e discussed hereinafter the oper.ator of a press must be able to control the back pressure of th.e door if various types of fruit and materials are to be completely dewatered.
l~lhen a run ïs completed with the press of the ' -~ t 1'72~99 l~unt patent, the harrel and the feed screw must be cleaned. To this end, the feed sc~ew, feed screw drive shaft, and the door are mounted on a carriage such.that the ieed scre~ may be co~pletely withdrawn from the barrel for cleaning, This arran~ement is relatively complex and expensiYe~
.~ost prior art presses are relat;vely slow to build up the cake in the pressing chamber, and additives such as paper straw and the like are 1~ ccmmonly introduced to ~ore quickly ~uild the cake but at added expense and reduction in efficiency of liquid extraction. Our present invention is a screw press especially suitable. for predrained or relatively dry materials and which.overcomes the above noted problems in th,e equïpment of the prior art, SUMM~RY OF THE INVENTTON
.. . ,. . ~ ... _ , ~ , . . .
Th.e present invention is a screw press type liquid extractor especially adapted for final pressing of predrained grapes, and similar fruit~ The screw press represents an improvement over the screw press section of the,Hunt U.S~ Patent No. 4,117,776. The press utilizes an elongate cylindrical barrel or cage . divided into a feed and pressure section and a pressing ch~mber section. The walls of the pressin~
chamber section and of a portlon of the feed and pressure section are formed from a filter screen or th.e like through.which.extracted liquids can pass.
The feed and col~pression screw i5 formed from a cyIindrical ~ody having lar~e pitch spiral threads a'ttached thereto and disposed in the feed and pressure section of the press barrel. A concentric drive shaft through the screw body is utilized to turn the feed screw via a hydraulic drive unit. The front portion of the feed and pressure section is an enclosed ! 172099 inlet re~ion with an inlet open;ng at the top thereof to allow gravity feed of materials into ~he press.
~ circular door is disposed at the end of the pressing chamber, having tapered edges mati.ng with an opening in the chamber and bulkhead. The circular door is slidably engaged with.the ~eed and pressure screw drive shaft which.exte.;ds through the door and is supported at ;ts outer end by a bearing fra~e or pillow block, External inward pressure on the door lQ will therefore maIntai`n the door t;ghtly closed until outward pressure from inside the chamber overcomes tfie. external pressure and forces the door to slide rean~ard along the dxiye shaft~ In order to effec-tively press or squeeze the material in the pressing ch~mher, it is necessary to ~aintain a des;red pre.ss.ure against th.e outside of the door~ and it is important that the. operator of the press be. able to accuratel~ control this pressure to provide a uniform percentage of liquid extraction since various different materials maX require different pressures.
A novel hydraulic pressure system i5 utilized haviny hydraulic actuators attached to the rear frame o the press with their actuating rods applying pressure to the rear door through a.thro~-out type bearing asse~bly, H~draulLc pre.ssure is applied to the hydraulic actuator pïstons in a direction to force - the rods outward, An adjustable pressure relief valve is connected between the inlet and outlet lines of the hydrauli.c actuators settable to relieve 3Q at a selected pressure above that applied to the actuators. Thus~ wh.e.n the pressure of the material in the pressing section of the barrel against the inner surface of the door exceeds the hydraulic pressure such.that the relief valve bypasses, the 3s door will be forced backward along -the drive shaft . .
I 1 7209g ~5--allowing the material to ~trude out of the opening in the rear plate in the ~orm of a highly compressed plug or 1CC~T~ ~he door also includes a pluralit~ of cutter ~ars attached and projectins from its inside surface. As the door is opened ~y the internal pressure, a clutch switch is mechanically closed causing an electric clutch anchored to the drive shaft and to the door to engage, rotating the door at the speed of the dri~re shaft. The cutters then pare away the compressed plug or log which builds up in t~e pressing section during operation, allowing the chips to be collected and carried away.
In operation, the material to be dewatered i5 introduced into the inlet opening of the press and ïnto the fïrst flight of the feed screw. When first s:tarting upr the incoming ~aterial is quickly carried along the feed screw, whïch may be rotating at 5 to 6Q rpm, and into the pressing chamber. The inlet is designed to pre~ent slippage of the incomïng materials and the feed screT~ can quickly fill the pressiny chamber. As tne pres-sing cham~er becomes filled, additional material forced rèarward will ~egin compressing the materïal for~ing a plug or cake in the pressing sectïon. As the cake is formed, the pressure squeezes the liquid from the materïal which liquid passes through the screens and ïs collected in pans beneath the ~crew press~ ~fter a solid cake is formed, the pressure produced by the feed screw continues to ~uïld up with liquids being squeeæed from the cake ~y ~oth the wiping action of the face of the screw threads against the ca~e and the com-pre~sion of the material within the cake. ~ihen the pressure increases to the point that the rear dcor is forced rearward against the hydraulic pressure, engaging ~he clutcn, the rotation of the rear door ~ith its cutter ~lades turning at the same rotational speed as the scre~J feed will continuously pare away the cake, allowin~ incoming material to replace the ejected portion, This action will be continuous as long as th.e inlet is maintained with a sufficient head of material, The dryness of the ejected cake, which is indicative of the percentage of remaining liquid removed from the incomin~ material, is controlled by the pressure at ~hich.the rear door opens, and is thus la controllahle hy the operator through adjustment of the hydraulic pressure, Such pressures can be pre-determined for Yarious types of materials to be pres.sed. The pres.sure may also be controlled by t~e rate of rotation of the feed screw, providing an additIonal variahle to optimize the throughput for specïfic material~ The rate of rotation is also adjusted to maintain a desired head of material in a h.opper above the inlet opening.
It i5 desirable in wine making and other liquid extraction systems to minimize the amount of solids in the juices. In wine making~ thR destemmin~
operation generally introduces a significant amount of solids which can appear in the juice. It is therefore important that the pressi.ng operation does not add appreciably to these solids to minimize time and expense in separating the juice from the solids.
The screen of the mesh.may be selected to provide some filtering action with. respect to solids, however, a tendenc~ of solids to clog the screens must be
Screw presses have been widely used for the extraction of liquids from solids or semi-solids in the food industry.
A primary application of such presses is: in the grape and wine industry. Our copending Canadian Application Serial ~o.
377,249 filed May 8, 1981 is for a screw press which may be utilized as a predrainer for removing free run juice from destemmed grapes. The disclosed predrainer press will advantageously remove about 80~ of the available juice from the grape must. Thus, the must from the predrainer is relatively dry. Prior art screw presses have difficulty in handling very dry materials. Most such screw presses utilize a large forward pitch feed and pressing screw extending for approximately half the length of the press barrel. The remainder of the barrel is open with a closed door disposed at its outer end. Material introduced into the first thread flights of the feed screw are carried forward and build up in the chamber formed by the open section of the press and the closed door. As more and more material accumulates, a cake is built up within this region with the force from the feed screw threads forcing the cake against sd/~"~
~ 1 72(19~
the end door. Various door desi.gns have been used;
however, a restraining force or back pressure must be applied to the door allowing it to open only when the pressure of the ca~e e~ceeds such back pressure.
Once the cake i5 built up and material continued to be fed into such presses~. the liquids are squeezed out of the cake of material and passed through screens wl~ich normally form the walls of the press barrel.
These liq~ids are collected for further processing.
la The mater;als forced out of the door as it opens is then collected as waste~
Prior art presses have generally used top-hinged doors and have had difficulties in applying the required ~ack pressure once the door has been forced lS completely open~ ~n improved door structure in a screw ~ress of this type is disclosed.in U.S. Patent Mo, 4r117~776 to Hunt which uses a flat surface. cir-cular door which.can open by slidlng horizontally on a shaft concentric wi.th the press barrel with back pressure being maintained on the door by means of a coil spring. The door încorporates cutter bars on its inside surface and a mechanical friction clutch for engaging the door wi.th.the shaft which is turning with the feed screw. Thus~ when the hack pressure of the spring is overcome by the force of the cake, the door opens by slidïng back, engaging the clutch and rotating to cut ~waX the cake e iting throu~h the door opening, Whi.le superior to the hinyed doors, the door construction disclosed in this patent has the disadvantage of not bein~ readily adjustable.
As will ~e discussed hereinafter the oper.ator of a press must be able to control the back pressure of th.e door if various types of fruit and materials are to be completely dewatered.
l~lhen a run ïs completed with the press of the ' -~ t 1'72~99 l~unt patent, the harrel and the feed screw must be cleaned. To this end, the feed sc~ew, feed screw drive shaft, and the door are mounted on a carriage such.that the ieed scre~ may be co~pletely withdrawn from the barrel for cleaning, This arran~ement is relatively complex and expensiYe~
.~ost prior art presses are relat;vely slow to build up the cake in the pressing chamber, and additives such as paper straw and the like are 1~ ccmmonly introduced to ~ore quickly ~uild the cake but at added expense and reduction in efficiency of liquid extraction. Our present invention is a screw press especially suitable. for predrained or relatively dry materials and which.overcomes the above noted problems in th,e equïpment of the prior art, SUMM~RY OF THE INVENTTON
.. . ,. . ~ ... _ , ~ , . . .
Th.e present invention is a screw press type liquid extractor especially adapted for final pressing of predrained grapes, and similar fruit~ The screw press represents an improvement over the screw press section of the,Hunt U.S~ Patent No. 4,117,776. The press utilizes an elongate cylindrical barrel or cage . divided into a feed and pressure section and a pressing ch~mber section. The walls of the pressin~
chamber section and of a portlon of the feed and pressure section are formed from a filter screen or th.e like through.which.extracted liquids can pass.
The feed and col~pression screw i5 formed from a cyIindrical ~ody having lar~e pitch spiral threads a'ttached thereto and disposed in the feed and pressure section of the press barrel. A concentric drive shaft through the screw body is utilized to turn the feed screw via a hydraulic drive unit. The front portion of the feed and pressure section is an enclosed ! 172099 inlet re~ion with an inlet open;ng at the top thereof to allow gravity feed of materials into ~he press.
~ circular door is disposed at the end of the pressing chamber, having tapered edges mati.ng with an opening in the chamber and bulkhead. The circular door is slidably engaged with.the ~eed and pressure screw drive shaft which.exte.;ds through the door and is supported at ;ts outer end by a bearing fra~e or pillow block, External inward pressure on the door lQ will therefore maIntai`n the door t;ghtly closed until outward pressure from inside the chamber overcomes tfie. external pressure and forces the door to slide rean~ard along the dxiye shaft~ In order to effec-tively press or squeeze the material in the pressing ch~mher, it is necessary to ~aintain a des;red pre.ss.ure against th.e outside of the door~ and it is important that the. operator of the press be. able to accuratel~ control this pressure to provide a uniform percentage of liquid extraction since various different materials maX require different pressures.
A novel hydraulic pressure system i5 utilized haviny hydraulic actuators attached to the rear frame o the press with their actuating rods applying pressure to the rear door through a.thro~-out type bearing asse~bly, H~draulLc pre.ssure is applied to the hydraulic actuator pïstons in a direction to force - the rods outward, An adjustable pressure relief valve is connected between the inlet and outlet lines of the hydrauli.c actuators settable to relieve 3Q at a selected pressure above that applied to the actuators. Thus~ wh.e.n the pressure of the material in the pressing section of the barrel against the inner surface of the door exceeds the hydraulic pressure such.that the relief valve bypasses, the 3s door will be forced backward along -the drive shaft . .
I 1 7209g ~5--allowing the material to ~trude out of the opening in the rear plate in the ~orm of a highly compressed plug or 1CC~T~ ~he door also includes a pluralit~ of cutter ~ars attached and projectins from its inside surface. As the door is opened ~y the internal pressure, a clutch switch is mechanically closed causing an electric clutch anchored to the drive shaft and to the door to engage, rotating the door at the speed of the dri~re shaft. The cutters then pare away the compressed plug or log which builds up in t~e pressing section during operation, allowing the chips to be collected and carried away.
In operation, the material to be dewatered i5 introduced into the inlet opening of the press and ïnto the fïrst flight of the feed screw. When first s:tarting upr the incoming ~aterial is quickly carried along the feed screw, whïch may be rotating at 5 to 6Q rpm, and into the pressing chamber. The inlet is designed to pre~ent slippage of the incomïng materials and the feed screT~ can quickly fill the pressiny chamber. As tne pres-sing cham~er becomes filled, additional material forced rèarward will ~egin compressing the materïal for~ing a plug or cake in the pressing sectïon. As the cake is formed, the pressure squeezes the liquid from the materïal which liquid passes through the screens and ïs collected in pans beneath the ~crew press~ ~fter a solid cake is formed, the pressure produced by the feed screw continues to ~uïld up with liquids being squeeæed from the cake ~y ~oth the wiping action of the face of the screw threads against the ca~e and the com-pre~sion of the material within the cake. ~ihen the pressure increases to the point that the rear dcor is forced rearward against the hydraulic pressure, engaging ~he clutcn, the rotation of the rear door ~ith its cutter ~lades turning at the same rotational speed as the scre~J feed will continuously pare away the cake, allowin~ incoming material to replace the ejected portion, This action will be continuous as long as th.e inlet is maintained with a sufficient head of material, The dryness of the ejected cake, which is indicative of the percentage of remaining liquid removed from the incomin~ material, is controlled by the pressure at ~hich.the rear door opens, and is thus la controllahle hy the operator through adjustment of the hydraulic pressure, Such pressures can be pre-determined for Yarious types of materials to be pres.sed. The pres.sure may also be controlled by t~e rate of rotation of the feed screw, providing an additIonal variahle to optimize the throughput for specïfic material~ The rate of rotation is also adjusted to maintain a desired head of material in a h.opper above the inlet opening.
It i5 desirable in wine making and other liquid extraction systems to minimize the amount of solids in the juices. In wine making~ thR destemmin~
operation generally introduces a significant amount of solids which can appear in the juice. It is therefore important that the pressi.ng operation does not add appreciably to these solids to minimize time and expense in separating the juice from the solids.
The screen of the mesh.may be selected to provide some filtering action with. respect to solids, however, a tendenc~ of solids to clog the screens must be
3~ avoided. It is also important after a run to ~e able to easily and efficiently clean the filter sc-eens.
Additionally, it i5 desirable to be able to change filter screens for the optLmum filter mesh design for the variety of grape. or the type of fruit being processed. In prior art machines, disassembl~ of the screens has been necessary to accomplish such changes.
In accordance with our invention, we have provided a hinging structure in which screens can ~e very easily and quickly cleaned and the press made ready for the next run~ Similarly, the hinging method permits easy interchange of screens when desired~
The filter screens of the inYention comprise a pair of semi-circular sections of a cylindrical cage having a screen frame consisting of a pluralit~ of circu~.ferential ri~s arran~ed to support the screens, lQ Th.e screen fra~es thus represent halyes of a cylinder with attachment strips alon~ the outer edges, A pivot shaft is disposed parallel with the drive shaft of the fee.d screw haying a serie~ of interleaYed hinge ~locks pivoted t~ereto, The two cage sections are attached at th.e bottom to t~e interleaved hinge hlocks ~Jhich.form offset hinges such that openîng of the two screen cage sections causes the sections to moye downward and outward~ completely clear of the feed screw, The screen halves are normally secured at the top when the unit is in operation, When cleaning is required, the holts ~oldina th.e top edges of the screen sections toget~er are remoYed and the t~o halves opened. At thi.s point, the inner surfaces of the screens. are readllx accessihle for rinsingr scrubbin~ and cleaning~ as is the feed screw~ door and cutters. The screens are attached to the screen frames hy attachment stxips fastened to the frame edges. ~ith the screens in the open position, the screens are readily remoYa~le and replaceable~
T~e preferred dri.ve system for the .;nvent;on utilizes a hydraulic system powered from an electric motor, Th.e drive motor for the feed screw is there-fore a hydraulic unit with control of the hydraulic pressure utilized to pro~ide speed control. Thus, the electric motor serves only to operate the hydrau-lic pump to provide hydraulic pressure. ~dvantageously, ! 172099 the hydraulic motor transfers this energy at constant torque regardless of the speed. The hydraulic system also furnishes pressure for the end door pressure assembly.
In summary of all of the above, therefore, the present invention may be considered as providing a screw press for extracting liquids from materials such as fruits, vegetables, or the like having a frame, a cylindrical feed chamber and pressing chamber, the pressing chamber having screen walls for passing extracted liquids therethrough, a rotating drive shaft extending through and concentric with the chambers, and a helical feed and compression screw concentric with the shaft and disposed ahead of the compression chamber for compressing the materials against the screen walls of the chamber, the improvement comprising: a flat circular door disposed at the outlet end of the cylindrical pressing chamber for closing the chamber prior to a pressing operation, the circular door slidably engaged with the drive shaft; controllable pressure-producing means ext~rnally connected to the circular door for maintaining the door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside the pressing chamber exceeds a preselected external pressure from the pressure-producing means; cutter bars attached to the inside surface of the circular door; clutch means connected to the outside surface of the door and to the rotating drive shaft, the clutch means being disengaged when the door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means responsive to opening the door for engaging the clutch means to cause the shaft to rotate the door wherein the cutter bars rotate to pare away a cake of dried materials forced out of the pressing chamber when the door is opened.
, ~,, . ~
sd ~ -8-- ` ! 1 7 20 9 9 These and other features and advantages of the invention may be determined from the detailed description below when read in conjunction with the attached drawings.
sd/~'v -8A-' 1 72099 `9--BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~TINGS
.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional vlew of the frame of the invention showin~ the feed and pressure screw and the pressin~ chamher~ with details of th.e clutch and h~draulic pressure assembly omitted;
Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of the screw press showing one filter screen cage section in its normal opexating position via a cutaway view and another cage section in its open position for 10. cleaning or chan~ing of screens;
Figure 3 is a lateral cross~sectional view of the filter screen cage showing its open position in phantom view and the rear door witfi projecting cutters;
lS Figure 4 is a top view of the door pressure system with t~e pressing cha~ber shown in cross-sectional Yïew;
Figure S is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic door pressure system and clutch sy~tem; and Pigure 6 is a gr~.atly simplified schematic diagram of the powe-r system of the inyention, DETAILED DESCRIPTI`ON OF THE PREFER~R~D ~MB~DI~NT
.. ... . . . -- . . . .. _ ~ e~erri`ng first to Figure 1, a longitudinal cross-section o the preferred embodiment of th.e screw press is shown. The framework of the screw press consists of four transyerse bulkheads mounted on a bed or ~ase 5;. front bulkhead lQ having a fron-t bearing 11 mounted therethroush for shaft 26;
rear bulkhead 14 having a tapered opening 13; inlet bulkhead 17 uti.lized to support inlet housing 32 between. front bulkhead 1~ and inlet bulkhead 17;
and intermediate bulkhead 12 provided between inlet ' 1 7209 9 --10 `
bulkhead 17 and rear bulkhead 1~ servinq to di.vide a cage section shown generall~ at 40 into a front feed section 51 and a rear pressing chamber 45. Cage section 4Q is formed by screen frames 41 (see Fi~ure 2) consisting of a series of circumferenti.al ribs 49 supporting stainless steel screens 42 ~hich form the inner walls of cage 40. Details of the cage con-s.truction are discussed below, Thus~ the essentially cylindrical inlet housing 32 and cage section 40 form an elongated cylinder housing a feed and,pressure ~crew shown generally at 20, Screw 20 consists of a cylindrical base or body portion 22 mounted to and concentric ~ith.drive shaft 26 as may ~e noted in Figure 3. Sp.iral threads 24 are affixed to the surface of hody porti.on 22 ar.d have an outside diameter with.sufficient clearance to turn within th.e ~alls of the cage 40. and inlet housing 32 without intexference therewith, The pitch and diameter of spiral threads 24, the diameter of ~ody portion 22~
and the length.of the press are para~.eters which may be selected in accordance wi.th the material to be pressedr th.e characteristics of the liquids to be expressed, the volumes of material to be handled, and the throughput required, For example, we 2refer a 30 centimeters pi.tch feed screw for final pressing of grapes and similar fruit and an overall length.of 2,4334 meters for the press barrel. Thus, with. the barrel or cage lengths shown.in Figure 1~
about 3-1/2 threads are present in the feed portion of the cage ~ith,about the same length of cage for the pressing chamber portion. We have found this ratio of feed length.to pressinc chamber length particularly effective. A rear circular door 16 having ta2ered edges fits tapered opening 13 of rear bul.l~head 14. As described in more detail below, e~ternal pressure is utilized to hold door t 1 72099 16 closed against t~e pressure created by feed and pressure screw 20.
As shaft 26 is rotated in the direction shown hy the arrow A, material in the space between threads 24 will tend to be moved lon~itudinally alon~ the press and deposited in press.ing chamber 45 Assuming that the flishts between threads 24 and pressing chamber 45 are essentially filled with material, it may be noted that material will be gradually reduced in yolume ~y continuing pressure of screw 2n against door 16 Therefore, liquid contained in the material w~ll be squeezed out and will passthrough screens ~2 be.tween rihs 4~. Such liquids will be collected b~
pan 54 in the base 5 and may ~e withdrawn via an outlet as sh.own ~y solid arrows C. As may be seen in Figure 2~ stainless steel covers 56 are used over bulkheads 17~ 12 and 14, e~tending down and connect~
ing to base 5 to preYent loss of liquids and to direct such liquids into pan 54. As the liquid is removed from the material and the pressure increases~ door 16 wil]. open as indicated ~y arrows D, causing the remainder to be extruded through the opening 13 in rear bulkhead 14 and ultimately into collector 52 for disposal as shown by solid arrows F in Figure 5.
Feed and pressure screw 2Q is driven via sh.aft 26 from a hydraulic drive unit 60 which includes a manually vari.able speed control indicated at 62.
~hile the rotational speed of feed screw 2Q is a design parameter and may be selected in accordance 3a wi.th.the materials to be.pressed and the desired t}iroughput~ we prefer to utilize a range of S to 60 rpm which is eminently suitable for e~tracting juice from grapes.
When utilizlng the press oF the invention with 35 grapes or similar fruits which tend to be slippery when wet, proolems are encountered in prior art ' 1'72099 screw presses in obtaining positive feeds. The wet mass of such fruit tends to slip at the inlet portion of the press with a resulting reduction in throuyhput, To oyercome this problem, we have determined optimum parameters of inlet section 32 and inlet throat 3Q~ In accordance with our inYention, the longitudinal length of the opening of inlet throat 3Q is limited to not more th.an l,S
times the pitch.of spiral screw threads 24, and it 0 i5 also necessary that inlet housing 32 enclose the lower portion of threads 24 to at least half of their circumfexence., For most applications, however~ we prefer about 75% cf the circumference enclosed, A5 the fruit~ such as grape ~ust, is fed into hopper 5Q, the must will enter through inlet throat 3Q as shown by solid arrow s and flow into the totally enclosed region of inlet housing 32.
As feed screw 2Q rotates, any tendency of the must to slip rather than to be carried by the threads 2Q 24 and hody 22 is essentially prevented. As a portion of the must is carried into the completely enclosed circumference beyond the throat 3Q, a pumping or suction effect results operative on the following must and a continuous flow of must along the press results~ assuming that the must in hopper 5Q is maintained at an appropriate level, In s~me instances where the must is very wet, the operator may run shaft 26 at a higher than normal speed to assist in start of the feed; however! as soon as 3Q positive feed b.egins, the pumping and suction effect is"seif sustaining in accordance with the invention.
Referring to rear door 16 in Figure l, it may be noted that shaft 26 projects through ~ushing l9.
extending rea.rward and supported in ~earing 13 in rear frame 25. Thus, shaft ~6 can rotate with respect to door 16. ~1ith no material present in the ! 172099 press, door 16 is maintained in the closed position by a hydrau].ic system 70 omitted from Figure 1 but shown in top view of Flgure 4. Door 16 lncludes a rearward projecting drive tuhe 84 having a coupling to throw-out bearing assembly 80 and slots 85 ensaged witll clutch tube 82 by pins 83. Throw-out bearing assem~ly may include thrust roller bearings and ball bearings 81 (best seen in the cross-sectional view of Figure 1), As shown in Figure 4, hydraulic lQ actuators 72 are mounted on rear frame 25 with their actuator rods.71 attached to throw-out beariny 80.
r,~ith hydraulic pressure applied to actuators 72 through their inlet lines as shown, pressure is maintained on door 16 as shown, by arrows PH.`
lS Actuator rods~ 71 are supported by support bushings 73, As shown in the schematic diagram of the clutch and hydraulic svstem of Figure 5, a relief valve 94 is connected in parallel with actuators 72, When 2a the build-up of cake pressure ~C in pressiny chamber 45 hecomes sufficient to overcome pressure PH from the. hydraulic system, daor 16 will be forced rear~ard as shown by arrow G. Electric clutch. 90 has one side pinned to shaft 26 by pin B9 and the other connected to drive tube 82, ~hen disengaged, shaft 26 rotates. freely with respect to door 16. A clutch switch.86 is mounted on support bracket 7 and operated by arm 87 clamped to switch actuator rod 71 hy clamp 88, Thus~ a rearward movement of door 16 3a closes s~i.tch.86~ engaging clutch 90. Clutch drive tube 82 then rotates door drlve tube 84 a~ the rotational speed of shaft 26 for assisting in ejection of waste material frcm pressing chamber 45 as described below. As may be noted in Figure 4, door drive. tube 84 is coupled to clutch drive tube 82 ! 1 72 0 9 9 by means of pins 83 in tube 82 xlidably engaged with slots 85 in door drive tube 84 with the lengths of slots 85 selected for the a~ount of door opening desired~ The amount of door opening before engage-ment of cl.utch 9.0 may be adjusted by ~oving switch rod clamp 88 along actuator rod 71 thereby varying the point at which switch 86 closes~ Turning to Figure 5, a simplified schematic aiagram of the h~draulic pressure and clutch.system is shown with door 16 in its.open position~ Cake pressure PC has exceeded hydraulic pressure PH, valve 94 has relieved, allowing door 16 to move. outward, and switch arm 87 has closed switch 86. ~I~gnet coïls 92 in ele~trical clutch 90. are energi~ed causing door 16 to rotate in the directi.on of A as indicated ~y thR arrows~
Cake. lO.a is e~truded out and its face chipped away - by cutters 18 as.sh.own by soli.d arrows F.
Having hereinabo~e explai`ned the basic Eunctional elements of the screw press of our invention, the operation will he e~Yplained with reference to a typical appli.cation., As previously mentioned, ïn the wine industry free run juï.ce or liquid generated during destemmin~ operations is required to be removed from th.e must before final pressin~. When using the.predrainer descrïbed in co-pending Interna-tional Patent .Applicati.on Serial ~o. PCT 4581-OQ613, the must can be predrained of approximately 8~% of th.e total avai:lable juice, The predrained must is thus significantly drier than possible with prior art settling tanks and drag screens. The must from the predrainer is. fed into hopper 50 as shown bv solid arrow B in Fi.gure l, Th.e must enters inlet housing 32 Yia throat 3a and the operator sets the desired .eed and pressure screw speed by control 62. This speed is predetermi.ned for particular varieties of ! t72099 grapes such.that the ejected must at F (Fiyure 5) has been pressed to achieve a practical d~ness representin~ essentially all of the usable juice.
he required speed of rotation is also affected by the ~ust head in hopper 50. If insufficient head i.s present, difficulty is encountered in maintainin~
positive feed. Therefore, it is desirable to have a flow rate from the predrainer sufficient to maintain an opti~um he.ad. If the velocity is too l~ ~igh.such that the head is lost, only partîal feed-ing occurs~ and thR flights are not completely filled qhus ~ the must will travel rapidly through th.e pressf ~ill be onl~ partially pressed, and wi.ll be ejected wi.th e~cessive juice remaining. As may be seen~ the operator can readily ~aintain the pre-drainer at its optimum throughput by observing the head in hopper 50 and adjusting speed control 62 to compensate for variations in the head.
At start-up, the operator may run feed and 2Q pressure screw 2Q at high speed to more quickly fill the pressiny chamber and produce the required cake.
.~ith a feed screw pi-tch. of -30 centimeters and a press length of about 2.4384 meters, we have been a~le to ~uild the cake in about five minutes. When the charber îs full~ continuing feed compresses the must into a hard, firm cake forcing the remaining juices outward through screens 42 between ribs 49 which is then connected in pan 54. After the cake is formed in chamher 45, all of the interi.or of the 3n feed and pressure screw 20 region of tne press is e.ffective in dejuiclng the must. The must after leaving the first feed fliyht is pressed or squeezed as it is being forced by the screw 20 aaainst the Ccreens a~ld th.e cake. ~lew must is being ed from the inlet through the relatively small volume of t~e . .
~ 1 720 --lo--screw flights to replace the slower moving cake mate-rial~ The cake is forced out of -the rear door 16 mainly by the wipe or thrust of the pitch of the last screr~ fli.g~t, As the must in the screw thread ~lights also become~ packed~ a wiping action ~etween the screw faces and the cake- occurs~ greatl~ assisting in eYpression of the juIce.
It is necessary to expell the clried cake after all o~ -the available juice is removed. As pre-lQ viously mentioned~ the pressure o~ the cake due tofeed and pressure screw 20 overcomes the hydraulic pressure agains. t door 16, allowïng the cylindrical shaped cake to be ejected or e~truded through opening 15, Door 16 has a plurality of cutter ~lades 18 projecting from its inner surface. ~e haye found that the optimum configuration for blades 18 is as shown in Fi~ure 3 having an arcuate shape with th.e conve~ face moving in the direction of rotation A'. A preferred cross sectional contour of blades 18 has smoothly rounded corners to prevent em~edment in the cake face as has been found to occur with sharp edse blades, The projection of ~lade~ 18 may be 3~81 centimeters or less depending on the material to be pressed with 1.27 centimeters he.ing preferred for pressing of most grapes~ As door 16 opens, clutch ~a engages causing door 16 to rotate with.shaft 26.~ Cutter blades 18 therefore act against the extruding cake to pare or crumble away the.dry material which is allowed to drop into 3Q collector 52 as waste material. As the cake is dispo;ed of~ additional cake is extruded and more must enters inlet 30.. Thus, the operation is essentially continuous. The operator may vary the feed screw drive speed within limits to assure a head is main-tained in the inlet hopper sa. Periodically, the ' 172099 ejected must may be tested for dryness. As ma~ be recognized, an optimutn throughput versus remaining liquid may be determ ned experimentally for various types or varieties of grapes~ the optimum pressures and feed rates noted for future use.
Turning no~ to Figure 2, certain aspects of our invention will be described which greatly simplify day to day maintenance of the press, and provide flexibility of appllcations. Figure 2 is a partial lQ perspective view of the press of the invention wit~
certain part~ omitted and others cut away for clarity.
The improvements disclosed are in reference to screen cage 4Q~ The rear section of the press between intermediate bulkhead 12 and rear bulrchead 14 is shDwn in operating condition with stainless steel cover 56 partially cutaway to reveal the exterior of cage 4Q. The forward cage section 4Q is shown with cover 56 removed and cage 40a~ ~ opened for cleaning or screen replacement~ As may be noted~ cage ~lo comprises two semi~cylindrical sections thereof hinged at thelr lower edges, ~hen in the closed or operating condition as noted with respect to the rear section~ the two halves are joined to screen frame mounting bar 15 through mounting strips 43 with bolts 47. To open the screen cage, bolts 47 are removed and the screen sections opened in a book-like fashion~ In order to completely clear feed scre~l 20, the ~inges are formed by hinge extension blocks 46 and pivot shaft 48. As may be noted, hinge extension blocks 46 extend the pivot line a short distance below the cage 40 so that the cage halves 4Qa and 40b move cownward and outward when opened as shown by arrows E. This design ad~an-tageously co~pletely exposes the inner wall surfaces or screens 42 to allow rinsing~ scrubbing, and otherwise cleaning of the mesh. Tf the press is to ! 1 720 ~ 9 be ne~t used with a di.fferent material or a different variety of ruit requiring a different mesh.size or type, screens 42 may be easilv changed by removing the scre~vs holdiny screen attac~lment strips 44 to frame 41. New screens with the required mesh. design may then he readil~ re-installed. 1~7hile a variety of screen mate.rials ~.ay ~e used dependent upon the material to be press.ed, we prefer material known as KLEENSLOT screen manufactured by WE~GE-WIRE
1~ Corporation which is availa~le in a wide variety of meshes and designs, The novel cage design also permits ease of cleaning of feed screw 20 since all areas of the feed scre~ are readily accessible when the cages. 40. are in their open position. Thus~ very little down time is required for the press of the invention for cleanin~ of the screens and feed screw pri.or to another run, The preferred embodiment arrangement of cage 40 is shown in additional detail in the cross sectional 20. view of Fi~ure 3 which.also shows the shape of cutter blades 18 Rear bulkhead 14 is indicated with rear cage. 40 formed by cage hal~es 40a and 40b in t~eir normal closed position. Offset hin~e 46 is pivoted on pi.vot shaft 48 and cage sections 40a and ~Oh are fixed to longitudinal top brace 15 by mounting strips 43 and bolts 47. By removing of bolts 47, cage 4na~ b may ke swung open~ as at E to the position of sections 40a' and 4Qb' shown in phantom view.
Rear door 16 is seen having arcuate cutter blades 18 30. disposed on its face. As previously ~entioned, engagement of clutch 9Q when door 16 opens causes door 16 -to rotate in the direction A' to cutaway the e.~truded ca~e 10Q as shown in Pigure 5. The convex shape or blades 18 has been found to produce an efficient cuttin~ action.
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! 1 72099 --lq--As previously described~ we prefer to use a hydraulic drive unit for powering the press. Figure 6 shows generall~ a greatly simplified block diagram of the drive system. ~asically, electric motor 66 is utilized to drive hydraulic pump 61 with reser-voir 65 providing hydraulic fluid. ~Iydraulic drive unit 6Q includes a hydraulïc motor with motor speed control 63 controlled by knob 62. The primary advantage of the hydraullc drive system is that lQ constant torque is provided over the normal range of speed ~ariation of the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic pressure from pump 61 is used to operate hydraulic door pressure system 70 with pressure control 96 utilized by the operator to control t~e door pressure, Pressure relief or bypass valve 94 may be adjusted to s~uit a selected operating pressure, Although a specific embodiment of our invention has been described for e~emplary purposes, ~7e are 2Q not to be limited to the detail~ shown. For example, a hydraulic or mechanical clutch may be used rather than the preferred electrical clutch. Variations in size and capacity of the press may be made, and many other modifications will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not depart from the spirit and scope of our inventlon.
Additionally, it i5 desirable to be able to change filter screens for the optLmum filter mesh design for the variety of grape. or the type of fruit being processed. In prior art machines, disassembl~ of the screens has been necessary to accomplish such changes.
In accordance with our invention, we have provided a hinging structure in which screens can ~e very easily and quickly cleaned and the press made ready for the next run~ Similarly, the hinging method permits easy interchange of screens when desired~
The filter screens of the inYention comprise a pair of semi-circular sections of a cylindrical cage having a screen frame consisting of a pluralit~ of circu~.ferential ri~s arran~ed to support the screens, lQ Th.e screen fra~es thus represent halyes of a cylinder with attachment strips alon~ the outer edges, A pivot shaft is disposed parallel with the drive shaft of the fee.d screw haying a serie~ of interleaYed hinge ~locks pivoted t~ereto, The two cage sections are attached at th.e bottom to t~e interleaved hinge hlocks ~Jhich.form offset hinges such that openîng of the two screen cage sections causes the sections to moye downward and outward~ completely clear of the feed screw, The screen halves are normally secured at the top when the unit is in operation, When cleaning is required, the holts ~oldina th.e top edges of the screen sections toget~er are remoYed and the t~o halves opened. At thi.s point, the inner surfaces of the screens. are readllx accessihle for rinsingr scrubbin~ and cleaning~ as is the feed screw~ door and cutters. The screens are attached to the screen frames hy attachment stxips fastened to the frame edges. ~ith the screens in the open position, the screens are readily remoYa~le and replaceable~
T~e preferred dri.ve system for the .;nvent;on utilizes a hydraulic system powered from an electric motor, Th.e drive motor for the feed screw is there-fore a hydraulic unit with control of the hydraulic pressure utilized to pro~ide speed control. Thus, the electric motor serves only to operate the hydrau-lic pump to provide hydraulic pressure. ~dvantageously, ! 172099 the hydraulic motor transfers this energy at constant torque regardless of the speed. The hydraulic system also furnishes pressure for the end door pressure assembly.
In summary of all of the above, therefore, the present invention may be considered as providing a screw press for extracting liquids from materials such as fruits, vegetables, or the like having a frame, a cylindrical feed chamber and pressing chamber, the pressing chamber having screen walls for passing extracted liquids therethrough, a rotating drive shaft extending through and concentric with the chambers, and a helical feed and compression screw concentric with the shaft and disposed ahead of the compression chamber for compressing the materials against the screen walls of the chamber, the improvement comprising: a flat circular door disposed at the outlet end of the cylindrical pressing chamber for closing the chamber prior to a pressing operation, the circular door slidably engaged with the drive shaft; controllable pressure-producing means ext~rnally connected to the circular door for maintaining the door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside the pressing chamber exceeds a preselected external pressure from the pressure-producing means; cutter bars attached to the inside surface of the circular door; clutch means connected to the outside surface of the door and to the rotating drive shaft, the clutch means being disengaged when the door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means responsive to opening the door for engaging the clutch means to cause the shaft to rotate the door wherein the cutter bars rotate to pare away a cake of dried materials forced out of the pressing chamber when the door is opened.
, ~,, . ~
sd ~ -8-- ` ! 1 7 20 9 9 These and other features and advantages of the invention may be determined from the detailed description below when read in conjunction with the attached drawings.
sd/~'v -8A-' 1 72099 `9--BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~TINGS
.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional vlew of the frame of the invention showin~ the feed and pressure screw and the pressin~ chamher~ with details of th.e clutch and h~draulic pressure assembly omitted;
Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of the screw press showing one filter screen cage section in its normal opexating position via a cutaway view and another cage section in its open position for 10. cleaning or chan~ing of screens;
Figure 3 is a lateral cross~sectional view of the filter screen cage showing its open position in phantom view and the rear door witfi projecting cutters;
lS Figure 4 is a top view of the door pressure system with t~e pressing cha~ber shown in cross-sectional Yïew;
Figure S is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic door pressure system and clutch sy~tem; and Pigure 6 is a gr~.atly simplified schematic diagram of the powe-r system of the inyention, DETAILED DESCRIPTI`ON OF THE PREFER~R~D ~MB~DI~NT
.. ... . . . -- . . . .. _ ~ e~erri`ng first to Figure 1, a longitudinal cross-section o the preferred embodiment of th.e screw press is shown. The framework of the screw press consists of four transyerse bulkheads mounted on a bed or ~ase 5;. front bulkhead lQ having a fron-t bearing 11 mounted therethroush for shaft 26;
rear bulkhead 14 having a tapered opening 13; inlet bulkhead 17 uti.lized to support inlet housing 32 between. front bulkhead 1~ and inlet bulkhead 17;
and intermediate bulkhead 12 provided between inlet ' 1 7209 9 --10 `
bulkhead 17 and rear bulkhead 1~ servinq to di.vide a cage section shown generall~ at 40 into a front feed section 51 and a rear pressing chamber 45. Cage section 4Q is formed by screen frames 41 (see Fi~ure 2) consisting of a series of circumferenti.al ribs 49 supporting stainless steel screens 42 ~hich form the inner walls of cage 40. Details of the cage con-s.truction are discussed below, Thus~ the essentially cylindrical inlet housing 32 and cage section 40 form an elongated cylinder housing a feed and,pressure ~crew shown generally at 20, Screw 20 consists of a cylindrical base or body portion 22 mounted to and concentric ~ith.drive shaft 26 as may ~e noted in Figure 3. Sp.iral threads 24 are affixed to the surface of hody porti.on 22 ar.d have an outside diameter with.sufficient clearance to turn within th.e ~alls of the cage 40. and inlet housing 32 without intexference therewith, The pitch and diameter of spiral threads 24, the diameter of ~ody portion 22~
and the length.of the press are para~.eters which may be selected in accordance wi.th the material to be pressedr th.e characteristics of the liquids to be expressed, the volumes of material to be handled, and the throughput required, For example, we 2refer a 30 centimeters pi.tch feed screw for final pressing of grapes and similar fruit and an overall length.of 2,4334 meters for the press barrel. Thus, with. the barrel or cage lengths shown.in Figure 1~
about 3-1/2 threads are present in the feed portion of the cage ~ith,about the same length of cage for the pressing chamber portion. We have found this ratio of feed length.to pressinc chamber length particularly effective. A rear circular door 16 having ta2ered edges fits tapered opening 13 of rear bul.l~head 14. As described in more detail below, e~ternal pressure is utilized to hold door t 1 72099 16 closed against t~e pressure created by feed and pressure screw 20.
As shaft 26 is rotated in the direction shown hy the arrow A, material in the space between threads 24 will tend to be moved lon~itudinally alon~ the press and deposited in press.ing chamber 45 Assuming that the flishts between threads 24 and pressing chamber 45 are essentially filled with material, it may be noted that material will be gradually reduced in yolume ~y continuing pressure of screw 2n against door 16 Therefore, liquid contained in the material w~ll be squeezed out and will passthrough screens ~2 be.tween rihs 4~. Such liquids will be collected b~
pan 54 in the base 5 and may ~e withdrawn via an outlet as sh.own ~y solid arrows C. As may be seen in Figure 2~ stainless steel covers 56 are used over bulkheads 17~ 12 and 14, e~tending down and connect~
ing to base 5 to preYent loss of liquids and to direct such liquids into pan 54. As the liquid is removed from the material and the pressure increases~ door 16 wil]. open as indicated ~y arrows D, causing the remainder to be extruded through the opening 13 in rear bulkhead 14 and ultimately into collector 52 for disposal as shown by solid arrows F in Figure 5.
Feed and pressure screw 2Q is driven via sh.aft 26 from a hydraulic drive unit 60 which includes a manually vari.able speed control indicated at 62.
~hile the rotational speed of feed screw 2Q is a design parameter and may be selected in accordance 3a wi.th.the materials to be.pressed and the desired t}iroughput~ we prefer to utilize a range of S to 60 rpm which is eminently suitable for e~tracting juice from grapes.
When utilizlng the press oF the invention with 35 grapes or similar fruits which tend to be slippery when wet, proolems are encountered in prior art ' 1'72099 screw presses in obtaining positive feeds. The wet mass of such fruit tends to slip at the inlet portion of the press with a resulting reduction in throuyhput, To oyercome this problem, we have determined optimum parameters of inlet section 32 and inlet throat 3Q~ In accordance with our inYention, the longitudinal length of the opening of inlet throat 3Q is limited to not more th.an l,S
times the pitch.of spiral screw threads 24, and it 0 i5 also necessary that inlet housing 32 enclose the lower portion of threads 24 to at least half of their circumfexence., For most applications, however~ we prefer about 75% cf the circumference enclosed, A5 the fruit~ such as grape ~ust, is fed into hopper 5Q, the must will enter through inlet throat 3Q as shown by solid arrow s and flow into the totally enclosed region of inlet housing 32.
As feed screw 2Q rotates, any tendency of the must to slip rather than to be carried by the threads 2Q 24 and hody 22 is essentially prevented. As a portion of the must is carried into the completely enclosed circumference beyond the throat 3Q, a pumping or suction effect results operative on the following must and a continuous flow of must along the press results~ assuming that the must in hopper 5Q is maintained at an appropriate level, In s~me instances where the must is very wet, the operator may run shaft 26 at a higher than normal speed to assist in start of the feed; however! as soon as 3Q positive feed b.egins, the pumping and suction effect is"seif sustaining in accordance with the invention.
Referring to rear door 16 in Figure l, it may be noted that shaft 26 projects through ~ushing l9.
extending rea.rward and supported in ~earing 13 in rear frame 25. Thus, shaft ~6 can rotate with respect to door 16. ~1ith no material present in the ! 172099 press, door 16 is maintained in the closed position by a hydrau].ic system 70 omitted from Figure 1 but shown in top view of Flgure 4. Door 16 lncludes a rearward projecting drive tuhe 84 having a coupling to throw-out bearing assembly 80 and slots 85 ensaged witll clutch tube 82 by pins 83. Throw-out bearing assem~ly may include thrust roller bearings and ball bearings 81 (best seen in the cross-sectional view of Figure 1), As shown in Figure 4, hydraulic lQ actuators 72 are mounted on rear frame 25 with their actuator rods.71 attached to throw-out beariny 80.
r,~ith hydraulic pressure applied to actuators 72 through their inlet lines as shown, pressure is maintained on door 16 as shown, by arrows PH.`
lS Actuator rods~ 71 are supported by support bushings 73, As shown in the schematic diagram of the clutch and hydraulic svstem of Figure 5, a relief valve 94 is connected in parallel with actuators 72, When 2a the build-up of cake pressure ~C in pressiny chamber 45 hecomes sufficient to overcome pressure PH from the. hydraulic system, daor 16 will be forced rear~ard as shown by arrow G. Electric clutch. 90 has one side pinned to shaft 26 by pin B9 and the other connected to drive tube 82, ~hen disengaged, shaft 26 rotates. freely with respect to door 16. A clutch switch.86 is mounted on support bracket 7 and operated by arm 87 clamped to switch actuator rod 71 hy clamp 88, Thus~ a rearward movement of door 16 3a closes s~i.tch.86~ engaging clutch 90. Clutch drive tube 82 then rotates door drlve tube 84 a~ the rotational speed of shaft 26 for assisting in ejection of waste material frcm pressing chamber 45 as described below. As may be noted in Figure 4, door drive. tube 84 is coupled to clutch drive tube 82 ! 1 72 0 9 9 by means of pins 83 in tube 82 xlidably engaged with slots 85 in door drive tube 84 with the lengths of slots 85 selected for the a~ount of door opening desired~ The amount of door opening before engage-ment of cl.utch 9.0 may be adjusted by ~oving switch rod clamp 88 along actuator rod 71 thereby varying the point at which switch 86 closes~ Turning to Figure 5, a simplified schematic aiagram of the h~draulic pressure and clutch.system is shown with door 16 in its.open position~ Cake pressure PC has exceeded hydraulic pressure PH, valve 94 has relieved, allowing door 16 to move. outward, and switch arm 87 has closed switch 86. ~I~gnet coïls 92 in ele~trical clutch 90. are energi~ed causing door 16 to rotate in the directi.on of A as indicated ~y thR arrows~
Cake. lO.a is e~truded out and its face chipped away - by cutters 18 as.sh.own by soli.d arrows F.
Having hereinabo~e explai`ned the basic Eunctional elements of the screw press of our invention, the operation will he e~Yplained with reference to a typical appli.cation., As previously mentioned, ïn the wine industry free run juï.ce or liquid generated during destemmin~ operations is required to be removed from th.e must before final pressin~. When using the.predrainer descrïbed in co-pending Interna-tional Patent .Applicati.on Serial ~o. PCT 4581-OQ613, the must can be predrained of approximately 8~% of th.e total avai:lable juice, The predrained must is thus significantly drier than possible with prior art settling tanks and drag screens. The must from the predrainer is. fed into hopper 50 as shown bv solid arrow B in Fi.gure l, Th.e must enters inlet housing 32 Yia throat 3a and the operator sets the desired .eed and pressure screw speed by control 62. This speed is predetermi.ned for particular varieties of ! t72099 grapes such.that the ejected must at F (Fiyure 5) has been pressed to achieve a practical d~ness representin~ essentially all of the usable juice.
he required speed of rotation is also affected by the ~ust head in hopper 50. If insufficient head i.s present, difficulty is encountered in maintainin~
positive feed. Therefore, it is desirable to have a flow rate from the predrainer sufficient to maintain an opti~um he.ad. If the velocity is too l~ ~igh.such that the head is lost, only partîal feed-ing occurs~ and thR flights are not completely filled qhus ~ the must will travel rapidly through th.e pressf ~ill be onl~ partially pressed, and wi.ll be ejected wi.th e~cessive juice remaining. As may be seen~ the operator can readily ~aintain the pre-drainer at its optimum throughput by observing the head in hopper 50 and adjusting speed control 62 to compensate for variations in the head.
At start-up, the operator may run feed and 2Q pressure screw 2Q at high speed to more quickly fill the pressiny chamber and produce the required cake.
.~ith a feed screw pi-tch. of -30 centimeters and a press length of about 2.4384 meters, we have been a~le to ~uild the cake in about five minutes. When the charber îs full~ continuing feed compresses the must into a hard, firm cake forcing the remaining juices outward through screens 42 between ribs 49 which is then connected in pan 54. After the cake is formed in chamher 45, all of the interi.or of the 3n feed and pressure screw 20 region of tne press is e.ffective in dejuiclng the must. The must after leaving the first feed fliyht is pressed or squeezed as it is being forced by the screw 20 aaainst the Ccreens a~ld th.e cake. ~lew must is being ed from the inlet through the relatively small volume of t~e . .
~ 1 720 --lo--screw flights to replace the slower moving cake mate-rial~ The cake is forced out of -the rear door 16 mainly by the wipe or thrust of the pitch of the last screr~ fli.g~t, As the must in the screw thread ~lights also become~ packed~ a wiping action ~etween the screw faces and the cake- occurs~ greatl~ assisting in eYpression of the juIce.
It is necessary to expell the clried cake after all o~ -the available juice is removed. As pre-lQ viously mentioned~ the pressure o~ the cake due tofeed and pressure screw 20 overcomes the hydraulic pressure agains. t door 16, allowïng the cylindrical shaped cake to be ejected or e~truded through opening 15, Door 16 has a plurality of cutter ~lades 18 projecting from its inner surface. ~e haye found that the optimum configuration for blades 18 is as shown in Fi~ure 3 having an arcuate shape with th.e conve~ face moving in the direction of rotation A'. A preferred cross sectional contour of blades 18 has smoothly rounded corners to prevent em~edment in the cake face as has been found to occur with sharp edse blades, The projection of ~lade~ 18 may be 3~81 centimeters or less depending on the material to be pressed with 1.27 centimeters he.ing preferred for pressing of most grapes~ As door 16 opens, clutch ~a engages causing door 16 to rotate with.shaft 26.~ Cutter blades 18 therefore act against the extruding cake to pare or crumble away the.dry material which is allowed to drop into 3Q collector 52 as waste material. As the cake is dispo;ed of~ additional cake is extruded and more must enters inlet 30.. Thus, the operation is essentially continuous. The operator may vary the feed screw drive speed within limits to assure a head is main-tained in the inlet hopper sa. Periodically, the ' 172099 ejected must may be tested for dryness. As ma~ be recognized, an optimutn throughput versus remaining liquid may be determ ned experimentally for various types or varieties of grapes~ the optimum pressures and feed rates noted for future use.
Turning no~ to Figure 2, certain aspects of our invention will be described which greatly simplify day to day maintenance of the press, and provide flexibility of appllcations. Figure 2 is a partial lQ perspective view of the press of the invention wit~
certain part~ omitted and others cut away for clarity.
The improvements disclosed are in reference to screen cage 4Q~ The rear section of the press between intermediate bulkhead 12 and rear bulrchead 14 is shDwn in operating condition with stainless steel cover 56 partially cutaway to reveal the exterior of cage 4Q. The forward cage section 4Q is shown with cover 56 removed and cage 40a~ ~ opened for cleaning or screen replacement~ As may be noted~ cage ~lo comprises two semi~cylindrical sections thereof hinged at thelr lower edges, ~hen in the closed or operating condition as noted with respect to the rear section~ the two halves are joined to screen frame mounting bar 15 through mounting strips 43 with bolts 47. To open the screen cage, bolts 47 are removed and the screen sections opened in a book-like fashion~ In order to completely clear feed scre~l 20, the ~inges are formed by hinge extension blocks 46 and pivot shaft 48. As may be noted, hinge extension blocks 46 extend the pivot line a short distance below the cage 40 so that the cage halves 4Qa and 40b move cownward and outward when opened as shown by arrows E. This design ad~an-tageously co~pletely exposes the inner wall surfaces or screens 42 to allow rinsing~ scrubbing, and otherwise cleaning of the mesh. Tf the press is to ! 1 720 ~ 9 be ne~t used with a di.fferent material or a different variety of ruit requiring a different mesh.size or type, screens 42 may be easilv changed by removing the scre~vs holdiny screen attac~lment strips 44 to frame 41. New screens with the required mesh. design may then he readil~ re-installed. 1~7hile a variety of screen mate.rials ~.ay ~e used dependent upon the material to be press.ed, we prefer material known as KLEENSLOT screen manufactured by WE~GE-WIRE
1~ Corporation which is availa~le in a wide variety of meshes and designs, The novel cage design also permits ease of cleaning of feed screw 20 since all areas of the feed scre~ are readily accessible when the cages. 40. are in their open position. Thus~ very little down time is required for the press of the invention for cleanin~ of the screens and feed screw pri.or to another run, The preferred embodiment arrangement of cage 40 is shown in additional detail in the cross sectional 20. view of Fi~ure 3 which.also shows the shape of cutter blades 18 Rear bulkhead 14 is indicated with rear cage. 40 formed by cage hal~es 40a and 40b in t~eir normal closed position. Offset hin~e 46 is pivoted on pi.vot shaft 48 and cage sections 40a and ~Oh are fixed to longitudinal top brace 15 by mounting strips 43 and bolts 47. By removing of bolts 47, cage 4na~ b may ke swung open~ as at E to the position of sections 40a' and 4Qb' shown in phantom view.
Rear door 16 is seen having arcuate cutter blades 18 30. disposed on its face. As previously ~entioned, engagement of clutch 9Q when door 16 opens causes door 16 -to rotate in the direction A' to cutaway the e.~truded ca~e 10Q as shown in Pigure 5. The convex shape or blades 18 has been found to produce an efficient cuttin~ action.
~;rr~Jc~a r~
! 1 72099 --lq--As previously described~ we prefer to use a hydraulic drive unit for powering the press. Figure 6 shows generall~ a greatly simplified block diagram of the drive system. ~asically, electric motor 66 is utilized to drive hydraulic pump 61 with reser-voir 65 providing hydraulic fluid. ~Iydraulic drive unit 6Q includes a hydraulïc motor with motor speed control 63 controlled by knob 62. The primary advantage of the hydraullc drive system is that lQ constant torque is provided over the normal range of speed ~ariation of the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic pressure from pump 61 is used to operate hydraulic door pressure system 70 with pressure control 96 utilized by the operator to control t~e door pressure, Pressure relief or bypass valve 94 may be adjusted to s~uit a selected operating pressure, Although a specific embodiment of our invention has been described for e~emplary purposes, ~7e are 2Q not to be limited to the detail~ shown. For example, a hydraulic or mechanical clutch may be used rather than the preferred electrical clutch. Variations in size and capacity of the press may be made, and many other modifications will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not depart from the spirit and scope of our inventlon.
Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a screw press for extracting liquids from materials such as fruits, vegetables, or the like having a frame (5), a cylindrical feed chamber (51) and pressing chamber (45), said pressing chamber having screen walls (42) for passing extracted liquids therethrough, a rotating drive shaft (26) extending through and concentric with said chambers, and a helical feed and compression screw (20) concentric with said shaft and disposed ahead of said compression chamber for compressing said materials against said screen walls of said chamber, the improvement comprising:
a flat circular door (16) disposed at the outlet end of said cylindrical pressing chamber (45) for closing said chamber prior to a pressing operation, said circular door slidably engaged with said drive shaft (26);
controllable pressure-producing means (71,72) externally connected to said circular door for maintaining said door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside said pressing chamber exceeds a preselected external pressure from said pressure-producing means;
cutter bars (18) attached to the inside surface of said circular door (16);
clutch means (90) connected to the outside surface of said door and to said rotating drive shaft (26), said clutch means being disengaged when said door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means (86,87) responsive to opening said door for engaging said clutch means to cause said shaft to rotate said door wherein said cutter bars rotate to pare away a cake of dried materials forced out of said pressing chamber when said door is opened.
a flat circular door (16) disposed at the outlet end of said cylindrical pressing chamber (45) for closing said chamber prior to a pressing operation, said circular door slidably engaged with said drive shaft (26);
controllable pressure-producing means (71,72) externally connected to said circular door for maintaining said door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside said pressing chamber exceeds a preselected external pressure from said pressure-producing means;
cutter bars (18) attached to the inside surface of said circular door (16);
clutch means (90) connected to the outside surface of said door and to said rotating drive shaft (26), said clutch means being disengaged when said door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means (86,87) responsive to opening said door for engaging said clutch means to cause said shaft to rotate said door wherein said cutter bars rotate to pare away a cake of dried materials forced out of said pressing chamber when said door is opened.
2. In a screw press for extracting liquids from materials such as fruit, vegetables, or the like having a frame (5), a cylindrical feed chamber (51) and pressing chamber 145), said pressing chamber having screen walls for passing extracted liquids therethrough, a rotating drive shaft (26) extending through and concentric with said chambers, and a helical feed and compression screw (20) concentric with said shaft and disposed ahead of said compression chamber for compressing said materials against said screen walls of said chamber, the improvement comprising:
a flat circular door (16) disposed at the outlet end of said cylindrical pressing chamber (45) for closing said chamber prior to a pressing operation, said circular door slidably engaged with said drive shaft (26);
pressure-producing means (71,72) externally connected to said circular door for maintaining said door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside said pressing chamber exceeds a preselected external pressure from said pressure-producing means;
control means (70) connected to said pressure-producing means for selecting such preselected external pressure, said control means adapted to adjust such external pressure during operation of said screw press to thereby control the percentage of liquid extraction from the materials being pressed;
an adjustable speed drive means (63) for driving said feed and compression screw via said drive shaft, whereby the throughput of material through said screw press is optimized by control of said external pressure in concert with adjustment of said drive means;
cutter bars (18) attached to the inside surface of said circular door (16);
clutch means (90) connected to the outside surface of said door and to said rotating drive shaft (26), said clutch means being disengaged when said door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means (86, 87) responsive to opening said door for engaging said clutch means to cause said shaft to rotate said door wherein said cutter bars rotate to pare away a cake of drived materials forced out of said pressing chamber when said door is opened.
a flat circular door (16) disposed at the outlet end of said cylindrical pressing chamber (45) for closing said chamber prior to a pressing operation, said circular door slidably engaged with said drive shaft (26);
pressure-producing means (71,72) externally connected to said circular door for maintaining said door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside said pressing chamber exceeds a preselected external pressure from said pressure-producing means;
control means (70) connected to said pressure-producing means for selecting such preselected external pressure, said control means adapted to adjust such external pressure during operation of said screw press to thereby control the percentage of liquid extraction from the materials being pressed;
an adjustable speed drive means (63) for driving said feed and compression screw via said drive shaft, whereby the throughput of material through said screw press is optimized by control of said external pressure in concert with adjustment of said drive means;
cutter bars (18) attached to the inside surface of said circular door (16);
clutch means (90) connected to the outside surface of said door and to said rotating drive shaft (26), said clutch means being disengaged when said door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means (86, 87) responsive to opening said door for engaging said clutch means to cause said shaft to rotate said door wherein said cutter bars rotate to pare away a cake of drived materials forced out of said pressing chamber when said door is opened.
3. The press as defined in claim 2 in which:
the periphery of said circular door is tapered (13) inwardly toward said cylindrical pressing chamber; and the outer end of said cylindrical pressing chamber is tapered (14) complementary to said taper of said door.
the periphery of said circular door is tapered (13) inwardly toward said cylindrical pressing chamber; and the outer end of said cylindrical pressing chamber is tapered (14) complementary to said taper of said door.
4. The press as defined in claim 1 in which said pressure producing means is controllable to provide a desired percentage of liquid extraction from the materials being pressed.
5. The press as defined in claim 4 in which said controllable pressure producing means comprises hydraulic actuating means (71, 72, 25) mounted to said frame and operatively connected to the outside portion of said circular door, said hydraulic actuating means having adjustable hydraulic by-pass means (94) and an adjustable pressure control (96) for manually adjusting hydraulic fluid pressure to said hydraulic actuating means.
6. The press as defined in claim 1 or 2 in which said clutch means (90) is electrically operated.
7. The press as defined in claim 1 or 2 in which said clutch operating means is an electric switch (86) adjustably connected to said door and adapted to close when said door opens to a preselected position.
8. The press as defined in claim 1 or 2 in which said cutter bars are attached radially with respect to the center of said circular door and are curved to present a radially convex face in the direction of rotation of said door.
9. The screw press as defined in claim 1 in which the inlet portion of said cylindrical feed chamber comprises:
cylindrical inlet chamber means (32) communicating with said feed and pressing chambers (51, 45), said cylindrical inlet chamber means concentric with said shaft (26) and said feed and compression screw (20), said inlet chamber means having a top opening (30) above said feed screw for introduction of said materials into said screw press and in which the longitudinal dimension of said opening does not exceed about one and one half times the pitch of said feed screw; and hopper means (50) disposed above and communicating with said opening, said inlet chamber means and said hopper means cooperating to cause said materials to feed initially by gravity from a head of material therein into said feed screw until said materials are carried into a portion of said cylindrical chamber means, and thereafter to be fed by gravity and suction for movement of said materials through said feed chamber means.
cylindrical inlet chamber means (32) communicating with said feed and pressing chambers (51, 45), said cylindrical inlet chamber means concentric with said shaft (26) and said feed and compression screw (20), said inlet chamber means having a top opening (30) above said feed screw for introduction of said materials into said screw press and in which the longitudinal dimension of said opening does not exceed about one and one half times the pitch of said feed screw; and hopper means (50) disposed above and communicating with said opening, said inlet chamber means and said hopper means cooperating to cause said materials to feed initially by gravity from a head of material therein into said feed screw until said materials are carried into a portion of said cylindrical chamber means, and thereafter to be fed by gravity and suction for movement of said materials through said feed chamber means.
10. The press as defined in claim 9 in which a portion of said chamber means below said opening encloses said feed screw for a portion of the circumference in the range of 50%
to 75%.
to 75%.
11. The press as defined in claim 10 which further comprises an adjustable speed drive means (60) for driving said feed and compression screw via said drive shaft.
12. The press as defined in claim 11 in which said adjustable drive means is a hydraulic drive motor (60) having an adjustable speed of rotation in the range of 5 to 60 rpm for controlling a throughput of said materials through said press at a rate to maintain said head of materials.
13. A screw press for extracting remaining available juice from predrained grape must, said press having an inlet end and an outlet end comprising:
a frame (5, 10, 12, 14, 25);
a cylindrical chamber having feed and pressing sections (51, 45), said pressing section (45) having walls formed by filter screens (42) for passing extracted liquids therethrough;
a rotatable drive shaft (26) extending through and concentric with said chamber;
a feed and compression screw (20) having a cylindrical body (22) concentric with and attached to said drive shaft, and a screw thread (24) disposed helically around the surface of said body, said feed and compression screw disposed con-centrically in said feed section of said cylindrical chamber adjacent said inlet end, said screw thread having an outside diameter essentially equal to the inside diameter of said chamber, said cylindrical chamber having a portion rearward from said feed and compression screw threads forming said pressing section (45) wherein said must is pressed against said filter screens for extraction of juice from said must;
inlet chamber means (32) disposed at said inlet end of said press, said inlet chamber means having a cylindrical barrel concentric with and communicating with said feed section, said barrel having a top opening (30) above said feed screw in which the longitudinal dimension of said opening does not exceed about one and one half times the pitch of said feed screw, and in which the portion of said barrel directly below said opening encloses said screw thread for a portion of its circumference in the range of 50% to 75%;
hopper means (50) disposed above and communicating with said opening, said inlet chamber means and said hopper means cooperating to cause said must to feed initially by gravity from a head of must therein into said feed screw until said must is carried into said cylindrical barrel, and there-after to be fed by gravity and suction for movement of said must through said cylindrical chamber;
a circular door (16) disposed at the outlet end of said cylindrical pressing section for closing said pressing section prior to a pressing operation, said circular door slidably engaged with said drive shaft (26);
controllable pressure-producing means (71,72) externally connected to said circular door for maintaining said door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside said pressing section exceeds a preselected external pressure from said pressure-producing means;
cutter bars (18) attached to the inside surface of said circular door (16);
clutch means (90) connected to the outside surface of said door and to said rotating drive shaft (26), said clutch means being disengaged when said door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means (86,87) responsive to opening said door for engaging said clutch means to cause said shaft to rotate said door wherein said cutter bars rotate to a pare away a cake of dried materials forced out of said pressing chamber when said door is opened.
a frame (5, 10, 12, 14, 25);
a cylindrical chamber having feed and pressing sections (51, 45), said pressing section (45) having walls formed by filter screens (42) for passing extracted liquids therethrough;
a rotatable drive shaft (26) extending through and concentric with said chamber;
a feed and compression screw (20) having a cylindrical body (22) concentric with and attached to said drive shaft, and a screw thread (24) disposed helically around the surface of said body, said feed and compression screw disposed con-centrically in said feed section of said cylindrical chamber adjacent said inlet end, said screw thread having an outside diameter essentially equal to the inside diameter of said chamber, said cylindrical chamber having a portion rearward from said feed and compression screw threads forming said pressing section (45) wherein said must is pressed against said filter screens for extraction of juice from said must;
inlet chamber means (32) disposed at said inlet end of said press, said inlet chamber means having a cylindrical barrel concentric with and communicating with said feed section, said barrel having a top opening (30) above said feed screw in which the longitudinal dimension of said opening does not exceed about one and one half times the pitch of said feed screw, and in which the portion of said barrel directly below said opening encloses said screw thread for a portion of its circumference in the range of 50% to 75%;
hopper means (50) disposed above and communicating with said opening, said inlet chamber means and said hopper means cooperating to cause said must to feed initially by gravity from a head of must therein into said feed screw until said must is carried into said cylindrical barrel, and there-after to be fed by gravity and suction for movement of said must through said cylindrical chamber;
a circular door (16) disposed at the outlet end of said cylindrical pressing section for closing said pressing section prior to a pressing operation, said circular door slidably engaged with said drive shaft (26);
controllable pressure-producing means (71,72) externally connected to said circular door for maintaining said door in a closed condition until outward pressure from inside said pressing section exceeds a preselected external pressure from said pressure-producing means;
cutter bars (18) attached to the inside surface of said circular door (16);
clutch means (90) connected to the outside surface of said door and to said rotating drive shaft (26), said clutch means being disengaged when said door is in its closed position; and clutch operating means (86,87) responsive to opening said door for engaging said clutch means to cause said shaft to rotate said door wherein said cutter bars rotate to a pare away a cake of dried materials forced out of said pressing chamber when said door is opened.
14. The press as defined in claim 13 in which said pressure producing means is controllable to provide a desired percentage of juice extraction from the must being pressed.
15. The press as defined in claim 14 in which said controllable pressure producing means comprises hydraulic actuating means (72) mounted to said frame and operatively connected to the outside portion of said circular door, said hydraulic actuating means having adjustable hydraulic by-pass means (94) and an adjustable input hydraulic pressure source (96).
16. The press as defined in claim 13 in which said clutch means is electrically operated.
17. The press as defined in claim 16 in which said clutch operating means is an electric switch (86) adjustably connected to said door and adapted to close when said door opens to a preselected position.
18. The press as defined in claim 17 in which said cutter bars are attached radially with respect to the center of said circular door and are curved to present a radially convex face in the direction of rotation of said door.
19. The improvement in a screw press as defined in claim 1, 2 or 13 in which said cutter bars have the cutting edges thereof rounded for prevention of jamming while paring of said cake.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000382098A CA1172099A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1981-07-21 | Screw press for extracting liquids |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000382098A CA1172099A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1981-07-21 | Screw press for extracting liquids |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1172099A true CA1172099A (en) | 1984-08-07 |
Family
ID=4120475
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000382098A Expired CA1172099A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1981-07-21 | Screw press for extracting liquids |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1172099A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-07-21 CA CA000382098A patent/CA1172099A/en not_active Expired
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