CA1171746A - Heating boiler - Google Patents
Heating boilerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1171746A CA1171746A CA000382148A CA382148A CA1171746A CA 1171746 A CA1171746 A CA 1171746A CA 000382148 A CA000382148 A CA 000382148A CA 382148 A CA382148 A CA 382148A CA 1171746 A CA1171746 A CA 1171746A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- basket
- boiler
- fuel
- burning
- furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention concerns a heating boiler operating on solid, comparatively finely divided fuel, such as chips or peat, and which is used to produce hot water or steam. The boiler comprises a furnace, in which the grate consists of a shell-like burning basket, which can be placed in rotary motion about its substantially horizontal axis. The rotating of the burn-ing basket may be arranged by connecting to the basket a tubular arm pro-vided with a gear wheel and which is connected to a motor placed outside the boiler. The arm then simultaneously serves as duct through which the fuel is introduced into the burning basket. The purpose of the rotating burning basket is to boost the combustion reaction so that comparatively wet fuel can be used in the boiler. The combustion may furthermore be boosted by placing the burning basket in the furnace in a housing having as its extension a cyclone constituting a helical exhaust duct for the flue gases, which sets the gases at high temperature into strongly turbu-lent motion.
The invention concerns a heating boiler operating on solid, comparatively finely divided fuel, such as chips or peat, and which is used to produce hot water or steam. The boiler comprises a furnace, in which the grate consists of a shell-like burning basket, which can be placed in rotary motion about its substantially horizontal axis. The rotating of the burn-ing basket may be arranged by connecting to the basket a tubular arm pro-vided with a gear wheel and which is connected to a motor placed outside the boiler. The arm then simultaneously serves as duct through which the fuel is introduced into the burning basket. The purpose of the rotating burning basket is to boost the combustion reaction so that comparatively wet fuel can be used in the boiler. The combustion may furthermore be boosted by placing the burning basket in the furnace in a housing having as its extension a cyclone constituting a helical exhaust duct for the flue gases, which sets the gases at high temperature into strongly turbu-lent motion.
Description
11 71~7'~
, .
;;' The present tnventlon concerns a heating boiler intended for solid fuel an~ comprislng a furnace an~ a feeding means to the purpose of feeding fuel onto the ~rate in the furnace.
In prior art heating bollers uslng solid fuel such as peat or chlps are known in which the feeding of fuel into the boiler furnace is with the aid of mechanical conveyors. The problem in using said fuels i6 however that they often contain a considerable amount of moisture, which retards the combustlon. In ~ome boiler~, in an attempt to 60lve this problem, the fuel is dried with the aid of hot combllstion p,ases conduceed from the furnace.
In that case the fuel feed ducts and the set of flue gas exhaust con~uits have to be interconnected in a way which renders the boiler comparatively complex of its constructlon.
The ob~ect of the present invention i6 to provide a heatlng boiler in which moist fuel can be burned, even green chips if required, without necesstty to perform any drying of the fuel prior to its introduction into the boller furnace. The jnvention is based on constructlng the grate in the furnace in a way by which is achieved ~ufficient boostinR of-the com-bustion reaction, and it i6 characterized in that the grate consi6t~ of a ~hell-llke burnlng basket into which the fuel can be ~upplied snd which can be 6et in rotary motion about lts substantially horizontal axis. The rotating burning basket disperses the fuel over a wider area so that it iB
brought into the'most efficient contact possible with the combu~tion air.
By keeplng the burning basket in constant motion, one prevents the accum-ulation of fuel on one spot, whereby further the startlng of the combus-tlon reAction ls speeded up.
One embodiment of the heating boiler of the invention i~ characterized in that to the burning basket has been connected an arm parallelling the axis of the basket and connected over a gear wheel with the motor rotating the burning basket. It is to advantage in connection with this problem solu-tion to shape sald arm to be a hollow tube extending out from the boiler.
In that case the mechanism rotating-the burning basket constitute6 no obstacle ~hatsoever to the feeding operation.
.
Another embodiment of the heatin~ boiler of the invention is characterized in that the burning basket consi~t~ of net-like material. The advantage is B
then that the fuel, w~ich comes in a ~r~nulate-resemblln~ form, ls caught in the net, which to a consider~le extent preven~s the sl~din~ ~own of the fuel as the hurnln~ basket rotates. The net constltutes an ldeal com-hustion base AlSO in the respect th~t the fuel is all the tlme ln com-pletely unohstructed contact wlth the combustlon air.
She lnventlon may also he advant~eously applied so th~t the burning basket ls enc~rcled b~ a housln~ havlng as lts extension a cyclone fltted wlth a hellcal flue gas exhallst dllct. The heatin~ boller may then be furnlshed wlth a duct through whlch the combustlon alr ls blown lnto the houslng, and the helical exhaust duct, where the comhustlon gases that are produced are set ln rotary, accelerating motion, efficiently brlngs the combustion reaction to lts completion and prevents aRh from accumulatlnR
ln the houslng.
The lnventlon is descrlbed ln detail in the followln~ with the ald of an example and wlth reference to the attached drawlng, wherein:-Fig. l present& the rotatin~ burnlng basket and the ar~ thereto attachedwith lts gear wheel;
Fig. 2 shows, partly sectloned, the furnace of the heating boller, pro-vlded wlth a burning basket as deplcted in Flg. l and with a fuel dis-pensing apparatus; and Fi~. 3 shows the section along llne III-III ln Flg. 2.
In Fig.~ has been depicted the rotatin~ burnlng basket l constituting the grate of a heatlng boiler uslng malnly chips or milled peat, said burning basket comprlslnR a cyl~ndrical mantle 2 of metal netting, confined at both ends by a circular plate, or disk, ~. One of said dlsks has an aper-ture 4, eo whlch has been afflxed a horizontsl, tubular arm 5. Close to the end of the ar~ has been mounted a gear wheel 6, by which the arm ifi connectable to the motor rotating the burning ba6ket l.
In Fig. 2 is seen the furnace 7 of the heating boiler, lts grate conslst-lng of the rotatlng burnlng basket l above descrlbed. The furnace 7 i5 enclosed within a water ~acket ~, which ahsorbs the heat generated by the B
. 'I
, boller, an ash hole 9 and the initl~l end of the fllle ~AS removin~ dtlct 10 havln~ been dlsposed on the hottom of the furn~ce. The rotatin~ hurning basket 1 has been enclrcled. ln the furnace 7. wlth a cylindrical housln~
Il havln~ as lts extension a cyclone 12. servin~ as e~it path for the flue gases. The cyclone 12 comprises A ~ently converRlng inner cone l~ and a helical partitlon 14. which forms between the inner cone and the mantle of the cyclone a hellcal flue gas e~haust duct 15. Thts dllct com~unicates by an aperture 16 with the housing 11 and lt tapers down towards the end of the cyclone 12 in such m~nner that the speed of the departing flue gases lncrea6es in the duct. The inner cone l3 communicates with the housin~ ll, whereby lts temperature rlses to great height durlng the combustlon pro-cess. and this ensures complete combustion in the turbulent ~as flow taking place in the exhaust duct 15. Over the housln~ 11 an oil burner 17 has heen disposed, communlcating hy the duct 18 wlth the houslng.
The means supplyin~ fuel into the furnace 7 consists of a conveyor l9.
whlch has been disposed within the hollow, tubular arm ~ connectin~ with the burnln~ basket l and extendin~ out from the boiler. The conveyor 19 con~_lstg of an endless belt 21 provided with spikes 2~. vislble ln sec-tlon in Fi~. ~. Between the conveyor 19 and the rotating arm 5, seals 22 have been fitted, as shown ln Fig. 3. One end of the conveyor 19 has been connected to the fuel hopper 23, and the other end ls placed ad~acent to the aperture 4 ln the disk ~ conflning the burning basket, so that the fuel can fall down to the bottom of the burnin~ basket. The motor 24 rotatlng the burning basket l over the arm S and the gear wheel h has been placed outside the boiler, as shown ln Fig. 2.
The heating boiler ~ust presented can be automated, in which case lt operates as follows. The burner 17 ls to be~ln wlth run wlth fuel oll, and the motor 24 rotstlng the burnln~ basket l starts at this time. l~hen these actlons have been goin~ on for a certaln tlme, the motor 2~ of the con-veyor l9 starts.The conveyor now he~ins to transport fuel from the hopper 23 to the burnin~ basket l, where it 18 i~nited by the flame from the burner 17. The oil pump of the hurner 17 then becomes swltched off so that the boller wlll thenceforward operate exclllslvely on the solid fuel in-troduced by the conveyor 19 and on o~y~en blown in throu~h the dl~ct 18.
The 6peed of rotation of the conveyor motor 25 is controlle~ on the basis of the flue gas temperature sensed by the thermostAt 2fi, 80 that the motor B
11 ~71~7 . , S
speed is reduced by the control aut~matic6 when a given temper~ture limit is exceede~. As a result, the fue~ lntroduction rate RoeS down, and the flue gas temperature is correspondingly lowered. If on the other hand the flue ~as temperature falls below a predetermined limitin~ value, the automatics ~ncrease the fuel introduction rate by increasing the 6peed of the motor.
It is obvious to a person 6killed in the art that different embodiments of the lnvention are not confined to the example presented above and that they may instead vary within the scope of the claims following below. For instance, it is possihle to mount t ~-burning basket and the tubular arm connecting therewith in a 611ghtly inclined position, e.g. so that the arm 610pes downward at an angle about 3 to 4 degree6, whereby the rotAting arm 6erves as automatic fuel feeding me~ns and no separate conveyor is needed.
It is further possible to construct in the mantle of the cyclone servin~
as exlt path for the flue gases, a preferably helical duct ehrough which i6 conducted water which one deslres to heat. The duct runs in counter-directlon to the Ras flow, thu6 formlng a heat exchanger operating ac-cording to the countercurrent principle and by the aid of whlch sllper-heated steam may be generated. If the duct i6 provided with branch pipe6 and wlth check valves place~ at the points where they branch off, 6uper-heated 6team may be drawn from the boiler a6 required, at different pres-sllres and temperatures. Such a ~uct connected to the cyclone may even replace the entire water Jac~et encircling the furnace, as in the preced-ing example.
B
, .
;;' The present tnventlon concerns a heating boiler intended for solid fuel an~ comprislng a furnace an~ a feeding means to the purpose of feeding fuel onto the ~rate in the furnace.
In prior art heating bollers uslng solid fuel such as peat or chlps are known in which the feeding of fuel into the boiler furnace is with the aid of mechanical conveyors. The problem in using said fuels i6 however that they often contain a considerable amount of moisture, which retards the combustlon. In ~ome boiler~, in an attempt to 60lve this problem, the fuel is dried with the aid of hot combllstion p,ases conduceed from the furnace.
In that case the fuel feed ducts and the set of flue gas exhaust con~uits have to be interconnected in a way which renders the boiler comparatively complex of its constructlon.
The ob~ect of the present invention i6 to provide a heatlng boiler in which moist fuel can be burned, even green chips if required, without necesstty to perform any drying of the fuel prior to its introduction into the boller furnace. The jnvention is based on constructlng the grate in the furnace in a way by which is achieved ~ufficient boostinR of-the com-bustion reaction, and it i6 characterized in that the grate consi6t~ of a ~hell-llke burnlng basket into which the fuel can be ~upplied snd which can be 6et in rotary motion about lts substantially horizontal axis. The rotating burning basket disperses the fuel over a wider area so that it iB
brought into the'most efficient contact possible with the combu~tion air.
By keeplng the burning basket in constant motion, one prevents the accum-ulation of fuel on one spot, whereby further the startlng of the combus-tlon reAction ls speeded up.
One embodiment of the heating boiler of the invention i~ characterized in that to the burning basket has been connected an arm parallelling the axis of the basket and connected over a gear wheel with the motor rotating the burning basket. It is to advantage in connection with this problem solu-tion to shape sald arm to be a hollow tube extending out from the boiler.
In that case the mechanism rotating-the burning basket constitute6 no obstacle ~hatsoever to the feeding operation.
.
Another embodiment of the heatin~ boiler of the invention is characterized in that the burning basket consi~t~ of net-like material. The advantage is B
then that the fuel, w~ich comes in a ~r~nulate-resemblln~ form, ls caught in the net, which to a consider~le extent preven~s the sl~din~ ~own of the fuel as the hurnln~ basket rotates. The net constltutes an ldeal com-hustion base AlSO in the respect th~t the fuel is all the tlme ln com-pletely unohstructed contact wlth the combustlon air.
She lnventlon may also he advant~eously applied so th~t the burning basket ls enc~rcled b~ a housln~ havlng as lts extension a cyclone fltted wlth a hellcal flue gas exhallst dllct. The heatin~ boller may then be furnlshed wlth a duct through whlch the combustlon alr ls blown lnto the houslng, and the helical exhaust duct, where the comhustlon gases that are produced are set ln rotary, accelerating motion, efficiently brlngs the combustion reaction to lts completion and prevents aRh from accumulatlnR
ln the houslng.
The lnventlon is descrlbed ln detail in the followln~ with the ald of an example and wlth reference to the attached drawlng, wherein:-Fig. l present& the rotatin~ burnlng basket and the ar~ thereto attachedwith lts gear wheel;
Fig. 2 shows, partly sectloned, the furnace of the heating boller, pro-vlded wlth a burning basket as deplcted in Flg. l and with a fuel dis-pensing apparatus; and Fi~. 3 shows the section along llne III-III ln Flg. 2.
In Fig.~ has been depicted the rotatin~ burnlng basket l constituting the grate of a heatlng boiler uslng malnly chips or milled peat, said burning basket comprlslnR a cyl~ndrical mantle 2 of metal netting, confined at both ends by a circular plate, or disk, ~. One of said dlsks has an aper-ture 4, eo whlch has been afflxed a horizontsl, tubular arm 5. Close to the end of the ar~ has been mounted a gear wheel 6, by which the arm ifi connectable to the motor rotating the burning ba6ket l.
In Fig. 2 is seen the furnace 7 of the heating boiler, lts grate conslst-lng of the rotatlng burnlng basket l above descrlbed. The furnace 7 i5 enclosed within a water ~acket ~, which ahsorbs the heat generated by the B
. 'I
, boller, an ash hole 9 and the initl~l end of the fllle ~AS removin~ dtlct 10 havln~ been dlsposed on the hottom of the furn~ce. The rotatin~ hurning basket 1 has been enclrcled. ln the furnace 7. wlth a cylindrical housln~
Il havln~ as lts extension a cyclone 12. servin~ as e~it path for the flue gases. The cyclone 12 comprises A ~ently converRlng inner cone l~ and a helical partitlon 14. which forms between the inner cone and the mantle of the cyclone a hellcal flue gas e~haust duct 15. Thts dllct com~unicates by an aperture 16 with the housing 11 and lt tapers down towards the end of the cyclone 12 in such m~nner that the speed of the departing flue gases lncrea6es in the duct. The inner cone l3 communicates with the housin~ ll, whereby lts temperature rlses to great height durlng the combustlon pro-cess. and this ensures complete combustion in the turbulent ~as flow taking place in the exhaust duct 15. Over the housln~ 11 an oil burner 17 has heen disposed, communlcating hy the duct 18 wlth the houslng.
The means supplyin~ fuel into the furnace 7 consists of a conveyor l9.
whlch has been disposed within the hollow, tubular arm ~ connectin~ with the burnln~ basket l and extendin~ out from the boiler. The conveyor 19 con~_lstg of an endless belt 21 provided with spikes 2~. vislble ln sec-tlon in Fi~. ~. Between the conveyor 19 and the rotating arm 5, seals 22 have been fitted, as shown ln Fig. 3. One end of the conveyor 19 has been connected to the fuel hopper 23, and the other end ls placed ad~acent to the aperture 4 ln the disk ~ conflning the burning basket, so that the fuel can fall down to the bottom of the burnin~ basket. The motor 24 rotatlng the burning basket l over the arm S and the gear wheel h has been placed outside the boiler, as shown ln Fig. 2.
The heating boiler ~ust presented can be automated, in which case lt operates as follows. The burner 17 ls to be~ln wlth run wlth fuel oll, and the motor 24 rotstlng the burnln~ basket l starts at this time. l~hen these actlons have been goin~ on for a certaln tlme, the motor 2~ of the con-veyor l9 starts.The conveyor now he~ins to transport fuel from the hopper 23 to the burnin~ basket l, where it 18 i~nited by the flame from the burner 17. The oil pump of the hurner 17 then becomes swltched off so that the boller wlll thenceforward operate exclllslvely on the solid fuel in-troduced by the conveyor 19 and on o~y~en blown in throu~h the dl~ct 18.
The 6peed of rotation of the conveyor motor 25 is controlle~ on the basis of the flue gas temperature sensed by the thermostAt 2fi, 80 that the motor B
11 ~71~7 . , S
speed is reduced by the control aut~matic6 when a given temper~ture limit is exceede~. As a result, the fue~ lntroduction rate RoeS down, and the flue gas temperature is correspondingly lowered. If on the other hand the flue ~as temperature falls below a predetermined limitin~ value, the automatics ~ncrease the fuel introduction rate by increasing the 6peed of the motor.
It is obvious to a person 6killed in the art that different embodiments of the lnvention are not confined to the example presented above and that they may instead vary within the scope of the claims following below. For instance, it is possihle to mount t ~-burning basket and the tubular arm connecting therewith in a 611ghtly inclined position, e.g. so that the arm 610pes downward at an angle about 3 to 4 degree6, whereby the rotAting arm 6erves as automatic fuel feeding me~ns and no separate conveyor is needed.
It is further possible to construct in the mantle of the cyclone servin~
as exlt path for the flue gases, a preferably helical duct ehrough which i6 conducted water which one deslres to heat. The duct runs in counter-directlon to the Ras flow, thu6 formlng a heat exchanger operating ac-cording to the countercurrent principle and by the aid of whlch sllper-heated steam may be generated. If the duct i6 provided with branch pipe6 and wlth check valves place~ at the points where they branch off, 6uper-heated 6team may be drawn from the boiler a6 required, at different pres-sllres and temperatures. Such a ~uct connected to the cyclone may even replace the entire water Jac~et encircling the furnace, as in the preced-ing example.
B
Claims (3)
1. A heating boiler for use with solid fuel, comprising a furnace, a cylindrical burning basket forming the grate of the furnace, the basket being arranged to make a rotary motion about its generally horizontal axis, and a hollow tube extending in the direction of the axis of the basket to the outside of the boiler and forming a channel through which fuel is supplied to the basket, the hollow tube being attached to the burning basket and connected to a power source adapted to rotate the basket, whereby the tube serves to transmit rotary motion to the basket.
2. A heating boiler as in claim 1, wherein the tube is connected through a gear wheel to a motor, the motor being the power source.
3. A heating boiler as in claim 1 or 2, and also comprising a housing encircling the burning basket, the housing having as its extension a cyclone provided with a helical flue gas exhaust duct.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000382148A CA1171746A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1981-07-21 | Heating boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000382148A CA1171746A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1981-07-21 | Heating boiler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1171746A true CA1171746A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
Family
ID=4120482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000382148A Expired CA1171746A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1981-07-21 | Heating boiler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1171746A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-07-21 CA CA000382148A patent/CA1171746A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2677864C (en) | A combustion chamber for burning solid fuels | |
| US4630553A (en) | Dual stage combustion furnace | |
| US5273209A (en) | Heat exchange and fuel feed apparatus for vertical furnace | |
| US4484530A (en) | Dual stage combustion furnace | |
| PL138204B1 (en) | Heating furnace adapted to be fired with agglomerated fuels | |
| US4408547A (en) | Heating boiler | |
| CA1171746A (en) | Heating boiler | |
| EP0095334A2 (en) | Solid fuel heating appliance | |
| US3330230A (en) | Refuse destruction system and furnace therefor | |
| GB2072831A (en) | Supplying secondary combustion air | |
| EP2762777A1 (en) | Boiler | |
| KR102549214B1 (en) | Solid fuel drying apparatus | |
| CN1240910A (en) | Electric cooking oven with infrared gas broiler | |
| EP0084852A2 (en) | Solid fuel steel construction boiler for domestic heating applications | |
| US4520790A (en) | Air heating furnace | |
| KR101947115B1 (en) | Pellet stove using gas recirculation | |
| SU951001A1 (en) | Apparatus for burning wet multi-ash fuels | |
| SU1011995A2 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
| RU13917U1 (en) | SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION DEVICE | |
| KR20120065640A (en) | Ash dumping device having tangle prevention structure and combustor having ash dumping device and boiler using thereof | |
| CA1235346A (en) | Heating unit | |
| SU1040274A1 (en) | Fire-box device for burning high-damp wood fuel | |
| SU1476246A1 (en) | Boiler | |
| RU2123156C1 (en) | Rhombic mini boiler "malyutka" | |
| RU2215936C1 (en) | Boiler furnace |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |