CA1171259A - Device and method for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels - Google Patents
Device and method for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheelsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1171259A CA1171259A CA000375058A CA375058A CA1171259A CA 1171259 A CA1171259 A CA 1171259A CA 000375058 A CA000375058 A CA 000375058A CA 375058 A CA375058 A CA 375058A CA 1171259 A CA1171259 A CA 1171259A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wheel rim
- wheel
- hub
- spoke
- rim
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000905957 Channa melasoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device and a method for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels. The device of the invention is used with a spoke wheel comprising a hub, into which spokes have been passed and extend through a wheel rim and are each provided with a loosely threaded spoke nipple at the outside of the rim. The device comprises means for clamping the hub and for engaging the outside and the edges of the rim as well as coupling means driven by prime movers for tighten-ing the spoke nipples. The method proposes the steps of securely clamping the hub, securing the outside of the rim, subjecting the rim to a force in such manner that it becomes positioned in a single plane, and tightening each of the spoke nipples to an individual predetermined tightening torque.
A device and a method for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels. The device of the invention is used with a spoke wheel comprising a hub, into which spokes have been passed and extend through a wheel rim and are each provided with a loosely threaded spoke nipple at the outside of the rim. The device comprises means for clamping the hub and for engaging the outside and the edges of the rim as well as coupling means driven by prime movers for tighten-ing the spoke nipples. The method proposes the steps of securely clamping the hub, securing the outside of the rim, subjecting the rim to a force in such manner that it becomes positioned in a single plane, and tightening each of the spoke nipples to an individual predetermined tightening torque.
Description
25~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention Thls invention refers to a device and a method for auto-matically tightening spokes in spoke wheels, primarily blcycle wheels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention Thls invention refers to a device and a method for auto-matically tightening spokes in spoke wheels, primarily blcycle wheels.
2. Descript1on o~ the Prior Art In tlghtening spokes ln bicycle wheels when manu~actur ing such wheels the procedurè has normally been manual w~th:
hand-held-power-driven nipple tightener~ For a normal bi-cycle whèel having 3~ spokes the mentloned procedure is boring and tedious.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventlon has the ob~ect o~ obvlating the above-lndicated disadvantages. More speci~ically the :
, .
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.
purpose o~ the invention is to provide a device and a method for automatically tlghtening each one Or the nlpples of the spokes lncluded in a spoke wheel to a predetermined tightening torque so that the spoke wheel will achieve a maximum o~ rigidity simultaneously with skewing and warping being at an acceptable level. The means by which the ob~ect o~ the lnvention are achieved are disclosed in the accompanying claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The lnvention will be described more specirically in the ~ollowing with re~erence to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a partly sectional view Or a device in accordance with the invention ror automatically tightening the spokes Or a spoke wheel, Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a segment block comprising a portion of said device as well as cooperating means, and Figure ~ shows an angular transmission comprlsing one o~ said cooperating means more in detail.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As may be seen rrom Figure 1 the device of the inven-tion in the illustrated embodiment comprises a support 2 carried by a base 1, said support compris~ng a vertical column having a hydraulic piston 3 extending therethrough, said piston being actuable by hydraulic pressure ~rom below and having a conical and prismatio tapered member 4 at its upper sur~ace. The upper portion 5 o~ the column is designed to receive one axial end of the hub 25 o~ a bicycle wheel, said hub being marked out by dOt-dash lines. The hub 25 must be very accurately and firmly secured, and therefore the device o~ the invention is provided with clamp means, ~or example in the ~orm o~ a h~draulic piston 6 whlch is urged down over the other ., ~.
~ 7~S~
axial end Or the hub. Hydraulic piston 6 is secured to the support in appropriate manner, in this speciric case by means Or plates 7 extending to brackets 8 whlch are attached to support 2 by means of plates 9. In the posi-tion illustrated in Figure 1 the hydraulic piston 6 is not depressed against the axial end Or the hub.
At the same level as the conically tapered member 4 the support is provided with a number Or spacer rods 10 which at one Or t.heir ends may be actuated by said conical-ly tapered member 4 with each o~ their other ends being urged against one end Or rocker 11 in consequence o~ such actuation, said rockers 11 being pivotal around respective centràl sha~ts 12 and having their other ends disposed ror urging respective segment blocks 20 towards the peri-phery o~ a bicycle wheel rim which is intended to be placed in the device in the position marked out by the designatlon 24. One of said segment blocks 20 is illustrat-ed more specirically in Figure 2, in which it may be seen that the block is curved so as to rollow the wheel rim which is marked out by dot-dash lines. Segment blocks of the same type as the illustrated block 20 are disposed along the entire circumrerence of the wheel rim. As the result Or all o~ the spacer rods 10 being actuated as described, all of the segment blocks will be urged against the rim so as to clamp the latter in position towards its center. In order that the rim may be supported ~rom below it engages support members taking the form of ad~ustable pins 13 which may be set to exactly the same mutual level at appropriate mutual distances along the circumference of the rlm. These distances can prererably correspond to the center of each segment block 20.
Immediately above the above-mentioned base 1 of support ~ a plate 14 carries a number of unlts (nine in the present .
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case) each comprlsing a prime mover 15 which may drive a predetermined number Or torque couplings 16, ~our in the illustrated case (two are concealed behind respective ones Or the torque couplings 16 illustrated in Figure 1), each o~ said torque couplings being connected to a respec-tive angular transmission 18 via a respective articulated rod 17, with rOur of said angular transmissions 18 being associated with each segment block 20 in the manner illustr~ted in Figure 2, viz. with the output shafts Or the individual angular transmissions located at mutually equal distances along the circumrerence of segment blocks 20 and of the circumference of the wheel rim disposed therein. Each o~ the output sharts o~ said angular trans-missions oorresponds to an individual spoke of the bi-cycle wheel, and each of them is to be ~oined to an indi-vidual spoke nipple loosely threaded on the respective spokes of the bicycle wheel for tightening said nipples in manner to be described below. In order to avoid compli-cating the figure unnecessarily the angular transmissions 18 are not illustrated in Figure 1. but one of them is shown in detail in Figure ~, wherein it may be seen that the incoming articulated rod 17 drives a tool 29 by means of gears 26 and 27, said tool in turn engaging spoke nipple 30. In order that tool 29 engage spoke nipple 30 ~irmly the tool may be urged aga~nst the spoke nipple by means Or for example a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated piston 28 when said nipple is to be tightened.
Although the tool is shown comprising the tip of a screw-driver it might alternatively for instance be designed to engage a spoke nipple having an end ln the form of a hexagon head.
In addition to the segment blocks 20 being capable of being urged radially against wheel rim 24 in the manner ,disclosed above they have another purpose which now will ' ~ , .
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:~'7~ 5 be described. Each segment block 20 is formed integrally, and as may be seen in Figure 1 each segment block is mounted on an individual pin 23, whereby each o~ said blocks will comprise a two-arm lever with the respective arms 22' and 22". When the individual segment blocks 20 are in the radial engagement position against the rim described above hydraulic pistons 21, which may be urged against lever arm 22', may be sub~ected to a heavy hydrau-lic or pneumatic pressure so as to cause two or more proJections 19 on each segment block to be urged against the upper side of wheel rim 24 so that the rim will firmly engage the pins 13.
The device disclosed by the invention operates in the ~ollowing manner:
A prepared wheel rim, i.e. a rim with its associated hub and with spokes passed through said hub and the wheel rim and being proYided with loosely threaded spoke nipples at the exterior Or the wheel rim, is positioned in the device Or the invention by one axial end of the hub being introduced into the upper portion 5 Or support 2 where-arter said hub is secured in position by hydraulic piston 6 being urged down over its other axial end.
In the next phase hydraulic piston ~ is sub~ected to a low pressure from below, with its conically tapered member 4 being urged against spacer rods 10 so as to cause rocker arms 11 to plvot around their respective shafts 12 for urging segment blocks 20 forwardly lnto engagement with the circumference o~ the wheel rim with a predeter-mined force.
Hydraulic or pneumatic pressure is now applied ~o the above-mentioned hydraulic pistons 21 and the latter actuate lever arms 22' and pivot them around pins 23 so that the , . . ~
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'2 5 rim is rorced downwards by means Or the above-mentioned proJections 19. Thus the rim will be urged firmly against pins 1~ and will be disposed ln one single plane in consequence o~ the applied pressure.
Thereafter hydraulic piston ~ is sub~ected to a higher pressure via conically tapered member ~ and spacer rods 10 as well as rocker arms 11, thereby causing the rim to be loaded e~ually from the outside and towards its center by means of all o~ the segment blocks 20 located along the circumference of the rim. In a normal bicycle wheel provided with 36 spokes the number of segment blocks 20 may for example be nine. In the described position the rim is loaded in similar manner to when it is in use.
The ~our angular transmissions 18 which are associated with each individual segment block 20 are distributed along said block i.n such manner that each of them will be positioned opposite to an individual spoke nipple, and prime movers 15~ o~ which there is one for each segment block, are now made operative whereby the individual torque couplings 16 begin to rotate so as each to tighten an individual spoke nipple via articulated rods 17 and angular transmissions 18. The actuation Or the torque couplings by prime movers 15 may ~or example be carried out by means of a drive belt 3~ associated with each drive unit~ and the tightening ~ e ~or each individual torque coupling may be set individually. When all of the torque couplings drag and thus have completed their tightening the current to the prime movers is cut ofr, whereupon everything is in order for removing the completed bicycle wheel. The bi-cycle wheel may be released in the opposite order to when it was introduced in accordance with the above.
It should be pointed out that although the invention has been described in connection with mounting a bicycle î 12 wheel having ~6 spokes above, with nine segment blocks being utilized, each of which is associated with ~our spokes, it may of course be adapted to wheels havlng a greater or smaller number of spokes. For example, in wheels having 24 spokes it is probable that twelve seg-ment blocks will be necessaryJ each having two nipple tighteners.
Hence the device is not limited to the embodiment described above and illustrated in the drawings~ and this device is merely an example of ~he invention and lts mode o~ utiliza~ion.
'~ '. ` ~ ,. , , , - .
hand-held-power-driven nipple tightener~ For a normal bi-cycle whèel having 3~ spokes the mentloned procedure is boring and tedious.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventlon has the ob~ect o~ obvlating the above-lndicated disadvantages. More speci~ically the :
, .
;
- ' ' .
.
purpose o~ the invention is to provide a device and a method for automatically tlghtening each one Or the nlpples of the spokes lncluded in a spoke wheel to a predetermined tightening torque so that the spoke wheel will achieve a maximum o~ rigidity simultaneously with skewing and warping being at an acceptable level. The means by which the ob~ect o~ the lnvention are achieved are disclosed in the accompanying claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The lnvention will be described more specirically in the ~ollowing with re~erence to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a partly sectional view Or a device in accordance with the invention ror automatically tightening the spokes Or a spoke wheel, Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a segment block comprising a portion of said device as well as cooperating means, and Figure ~ shows an angular transmission comprlsing one o~ said cooperating means more in detail.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As may be seen rrom Figure 1 the device of the inven-tion in the illustrated embodiment comprises a support 2 carried by a base 1, said support compris~ng a vertical column having a hydraulic piston 3 extending therethrough, said piston being actuable by hydraulic pressure ~rom below and having a conical and prismatio tapered member 4 at its upper sur~ace. The upper portion 5 o~ the column is designed to receive one axial end of the hub 25 o~ a bicycle wheel, said hub being marked out by dOt-dash lines. The hub 25 must be very accurately and firmly secured, and therefore the device o~ the invention is provided with clamp means, ~or example in the ~orm o~ a h~draulic piston 6 whlch is urged down over the other ., ~.
~ 7~S~
axial end Or the hub. Hydraulic piston 6 is secured to the support in appropriate manner, in this speciric case by means Or plates 7 extending to brackets 8 whlch are attached to support 2 by means of plates 9. In the posi-tion illustrated in Figure 1 the hydraulic piston 6 is not depressed against the axial end Or the hub.
At the same level as the conically tapered member 4 the support is provided with a number Or spacer rods 10 which at one Or t.heir ends may be actuated by said conical-ly tapered member 4 with each o~ their other ends being urged against one end Or rocker 11 in consequence o~ such actuation, said rockers 11 being pivotal around respective centràl sha~ts 12 and having their other ends disposed ror urging respective segment blocks 20 towards the peri-phery o~ a bicycle wheel rim which is intended to be placed in the device in the position marked out by the designatlon 24. One of said segment blocks 20 is illustrat-ed more specirically in Figure 2, in which it may be seen that the block is curved so as to rollow the wheel rim which is marked out by dot-dash lines. Segment blocks of the same type as the illustrated block 20 are disposed along the entire circumrerence of the wheel rim. As the result Or all o~ the spacer rods 10 being actuated as described, all of the segment blocks will be urged against the rim so as to clamp the latter in position towards its center. In order that the rim may be supported ~rom below it engages support members taking the form of ad~ustable pins 13 which may be set to exactly the same mutual level at appropriate mutual distances along the circumference of the rlm. These distances can prererably correspond to the center of each segment block 20.
Immediately above the above-mentioned base 1 of support ~ a plate 14 carries a number of unlts (nine in the present .
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case) each comprlsing a prime mover 15 which may drive a predetermined number Or torque couplings 16, ~our in the illustrated case (two are concealed behind respective ones Or the torque couplings 16 illustrated in Figure 1), each o~ said torque couplings being connected to a respec-tive angular transmission 18 via a respective articulated rod 17, with rOur of said angular transmissions 18 being associated with each segment block 20 in the manner illustr~ted in Figure 2, viz. with the output shafts Or the individual angular transmissions located at mutually equal distances along the circumrerence of segment blocks 20 and of the circumference of the wheel rim disposed therein. Each o~ the output sharts o~ said angular trans-missions oorresponds to an individual spoke of the bi-cycle wheel, and each of them is to be ~oined to an indi-vidual spoke nipple loosely threaded on the respective spokes of the bicycle wheel for tightening said nipples in manner to be described below. In order to avoid compli-cating the figure unnecessarily the angular transmissions 18 are not illustrated in Figure 1. but one of them is shown in detail in Figure ~, wherein it may be seen that the incoming articulated rod 17 drives a tool 29 by means of gears 26 and 27, said tool in turn engaging spoke nipple 30. In order that tool 29 engage spoke nipple 30 ~irmly the tool may be urged aga~nst the spoke nipple by means Or for example a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated piston 28 when said nipple is to be tightened.
Although the tool is shown comprising the tip of a screw-driver it might alternatively for instance be designed to engage a spoke nipple having an end ln the form of a hexagon head.
In addition to the segment blocks 20 being capable of being urged radially against wheel rim 24 in the manner ,disclosed above they have another purpose which now will ' ~ , .
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:~'7~ 5 be described. Each segment block 20 is formed integrally, and as may be seen in Figure 1 each segment block is mounted on an individual pin 23, whereby each o~ said blocks will comprise a two-arm lever with the respective arms 22' and 22". When the individual segment blocks 20 are in the radial engagement position against the rim described above hydraulic pistons 21, which may be urged against lever arm 22', may be sub~ected to a heavy hydrau-lic or pneumatic pressure so as to cause two or more proJections 19 on each segment block to be urged against the upper side of wheel rim 24 so that the rim will firmly engage the pins 13.
The device disclosed by the invention operates in the ~ollowing manner:
A prepared wheel rim, i.e. a rim with its associated hub and with spokes passed through said hub and the wheel rim and being proYided with loosely threaded spoke nipples at the exterior Or the wheel rim, is positioned in the device Or the invention by one axial end of the hub being introduced into the upper portion 5 Or support 2 where-arter said hub is secured in position by hydraulic piston 6 being urged down over its other axial end.
In the next phase hydraulic piston ~ is sub~ected to a low pressure from below, with its conically tapered member 4 being urged against spacer rods 10 so as to cause rocker arms 11 to plvot around their respective shafts 12 for urging segment blocks 20 forwardly lnto engagement with the circumference o~ the wheel rim with a predeter-mined force.
Hydraulic or pneumatic pressure is now applied ~o the above-mentioned hydraulic pistons 21 and the latter actuate lever arms 22' and pivot them around pins 23 so that the , . . ~
- - ~
'2 5 rim is rorced downwards by means Or the above-mentioned proJections 19. Thus the rim will be urged firmly against pins 1~ and will be disposed ln one single plane in consequence o~ the applied pressure.
Thereafter hydraulic piston ~ is sub~ected to a higher pressure via conically tapered member ~ and spacer rods 10 as well as rocker arms 11, thereby causing the rim to be loaded e~ually from the outside and towards its center by means of all o~ the segment blocks 20 located along the circumference of the rim. In a normal bicycle wheel provided with 36 spokes the number of segment blocks 20 may for example be nine. In the described position the rim is loaded in similar manner to when it is in use.
The ~our angular transmissions 18 which are associated with each individual segment block 20 are distributed along said block i.n such manner that each of them will be positioned opposite to an individual spoke nipple, and prime movers 15~ o~ which there is one for each segment block, are now made operative whereby the individual torque couplings 16 begin to rotate so as each to tighten an individual spoke nipple via articulated rods 17 and angular transmissions 18. The actuation Or the torque couplings by prime movers 15 may ~or example be carried out by means of a drive belt 3~ associated with each drive unit~ and the tightening ~ e ~or each individual torque coupling may be set individually. When all of the torque couplings drag and thus have completed their tightening the current to the prime movers is cut ofr, whereupon everything is in order for removing the completed bicycle wheel. The bi-cycle wheel may be released in the opposite order to when it was introduced in accordance with the above.
It should be pointed out that although the invention has been described in connection with mounting a bicycle î 12 wheel having ~6 spokes above, with nine segment blocks being utilized, each of which is associated with ~our spokes, it may of course be adapted to wheels havlng a greater or smaller number of spokes. For example, in wheels having 24 spokes it is probable that twelve seg-ment blocks will be necessaryJ each having two nipple tighteners.
Hence the device is not limited to the embodiment described above and illustrated in the drawings~ and this device is merely an example of ~he invention and lts mode o~ utiliza~ion.
'~ '. ` ~ ,. , , , - .
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels consisting of a hub, a plurality of spokes, and a wheel rim, said spokes being passed through apertures in said hub and wheel rim, respectively, and being provided with loosely threaded spoke nipples outside the periphery of the wheel rim, said device comprising clamping means, wheel hub support means, said clamping means being disposed to clamp the hub of a wheel to said wheel hub support means, wheel rim support means, said wheel rim support means being disposed to support the rim of the wheel, wheel rim engagement means comprising a plurality of segment blocks disposed along the periphery of the wheel rim, each of said segment blocks being actuable by a respective rocker arm, said wheel rim engagement means being further disposed to engage substantially the entire periphery of the wheel rim radially from the outside for causing said periphery to become accurately round and for urging the wheel rim toward the wheel hub, wheel rim urging means, said wheel rim urging means being disposed to urge the wheel rim toward said wheel rim support means, and automatic spoke nipple tightening means, said spoke nipple tightening means being disposed to tighten all of the spoke nipples of the wheel automatically and simultaneously, each with an individual predetermined torque.
2. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein said wheel rim support means are adjustable so that their portions supporting the wheel rim may be located in a common plane.
3. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein each rocker arm is actuable by a respective spacer rod which in turn is actuable by a conically tapered member.
4. A device in accordance with Claim 3, wherein said conically tapered member is actuable hydraulically.
5. A device for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels consisting of a hub, a plurality of spokes, and a wheel rim, said spokes being passed through apertures in said hub and wheel rim, respectively, and being provided with loosely threaded spoke nipples outside the periphery of the wheel rim, said device comprising clamping means, wheel hub support means, said clamping means being disposed to clamp the hub of a wheel to said wheel hub support means, wheel rim support means, said wheel rim support means being disposed to support the rim of the wheel, wheel rim engagement means, said wheel rim engaging means comprising projections on one lever arm of a two-arm lever having another lever arm which is actuable by means of a hydraulic piston, said wheel rim engagement means being further dis-posed to engage substantially the entire periphery of the wheel rim radially from the outside for causing said periphery to become accurately round and for urging the wheel rim toward the wheel hub, wheel rim urging means, said wheel rim urging means being disposed to urge the wheel rim toward said wheel rim support means, and automatic spoke nipple tightening means, said spoke nipple tightening means being disposed to tighten all of the spoke nipples of the wheel auto-matically and simultaneously, each with an idividual predetermined torque.
6. A device in accordance with Claim 1, wherein said spoke nipple tightening means comprise prime movers, each associated with a respective one of said wheel rim engagement means and being adapted to drive four torque couplings, each of which automatically tightens an individual spoke nipple to a predetermined tightening torque.
7. A device in accordance with Claim 6, wherein each of said torque couplings is disposed to tighten an individual spoke nipple through a respective angular transmission.
8. A method of automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels in which in the initial position spokes are introduced through apertures in the wheel hub and passed through apertures in the wheel rim and are provided with loosely threaded spoke nipples outside the periphery of the wheel rim, said method comprising the following steps:
clamping the wheel hub in position, urging one side of the wheel rim against support means which are adjustable in such manner that their surfaces disposed for engaging the wheel rim are located in one and the same plane, subjecting the wheel rim to a force directed towards the wheel hub and equally distributed along the circum-ference of the wheel rim, urging the side of the wheel rim engaging said support means against said support means by subjecting the side of the wheel rim remote to the support means to a force, subjecting the external periphery of the wheel to an increased force, and automatically tightening all of the spoke nipples simultaneously, each with an individual predetermined torque.
clamping the wheel hub in position, urging one side of the wheel rim against support means which are adjustable in such manner that their surfaces disposed for engaging the wheel rim are located in one and the same plane, subjecting the wheel rim to a force directed towards the wheel hub and equally distributed along the circum-ference of the wheel rim, urging the side of the wheel rim engaging said support means against said support means by subjecting the side of the wheel rim remote to the support means to a force, subjecting the external periphery of the wheel to an increased force, and automatically tightening all of the spoke nipples simultaneously, each with an individual predetermined torque.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000375058A CA1171259A (en) | 1981-04-09 | 1981-04-09 | Device and method for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000375058A CA1171259A (en) | 1981-04-09 | 1981-04-09 | Device and method for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1171259A true CA1171259A (en) | 1984-07-24 |
Family
ID=4119689
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000375058A Expired CA1171259A (en) | 1981-04-09 | 1981-04-09 | Device and method for automatically tightening spokes in spoke wheels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1171259A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-04-09 CA CA000375058A patent/CA1171259A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |