CA1148003A - Dryer felt fabric - Google Patents
Dryer felt fabricInfo
- Publication number
- CA1148003A CA1148003A CA000381424A CA381424A CA1148003A CA 1148003 A CA1148003 A CA 1148003A CA 000381424 A CA000381424 A CA 000381424A CA 381424 A CA381424 A CA 381424A CA 1148003 A CA1148003 A CA 1148003A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- machine direction
- cross
- direction yarns
- peaks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D3/00—Woven fabrics characterised by their shape
- D03D3/04—Endless fabrics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
IMPROVED DRYER FELT FABRIC
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The disclosure is of a novel dryer felt or dryer felt fabric for use in a paper making machine. The fabric is characterized in part by a sanded paper contacting surface free of the load-hearing monofilament machine direction yarns.
The fabric has an enhanced operating life as a dryer felt since the machine direction yarns are protected from direct contact with the paper sheet.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The disclosure is of a novel dryer felt or dryer felt fabric for use in a paper making machine. The fabric is characterized in part by a sanded paper contacting surface free of the load-hearing monofilament machine direction yarns.
The fabric has an enhanced operating life as a dryer felt since the machine direction yarns are protected from direct contact with the paper sheet.
Description
llg8003 IM~ROVED ~IRYER: FELT FABRIC
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
. .
1. Field of the Invention ~
The invention relates to paper machine clothing and more particularly relates to fabrics useful as dryer felts, and their use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
. .
1. Field of the Invention ~
The invention relates to paper machine clothing and more particularly relates to fabrics useful as dryer felts, and their use.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art ¦ The art is replete with descriptions of dryer felts and dryer felt fabrics. In spite of the wide variety of materials available, the ideal dryer fabric is yet to be found.
In recent years, dryer fabrics have been developed whïch are constructed partially or entirely from monofilaments.
However, such fabrics have not been entirely satisfactory when employed to fashion dryer felts. The monofilaments are subject to abrasion and moist heat hydrolysis. In the prior art constructions the load bearing machine direction monofilament yarns may be rapidly degradPd under some conditions of use so that the life of the dryer felt is shortened.
With the structured fabrics of the present invention, employed as dryer felts, the cross-machine direction yarns support the paper sheet being dried. The monofilament machine direction yarns are thus protected from direct contact with degradative elements. The overall operating life of the ¦ dryer felt is significantly increased over felts where the ~148003 monofilament machine direction yarns are in contact with the paper sheet being dried.
Representative of the state of the art in regard to dryer fabrics are those described in U. S. Patents
In recent years, dryer fabrics have been developed whïch are constructed partially or entirely from monofilaments.
However, such fabrics have not been entirely satisfactory when employed to fashion dryer felts. The monofilaments are subject to abrasion and moist heat hydrolysis. In the prior art constructions the load bearing machine direction monofilament yarns may be rapidly degradPd under some conditions of use so that the life of the dryer felt is shortened.
With the structured fabrics of the present invention, employed as dryer felts, the cross-machine direction yarns support the paper sheet being dried. The monofilament machine direction yarns are thus protected from direct contact with degradative elements. The overall operating life of the ¦ dryer felt is significantly increased over felts where the ~148003 monofilament machine direction yarns are in contact with the paper sheet being dried.
Representative of the state of the art in regard to dryer fabrics are those described in U. S. Patents
3,573,16~ and 3,505,863.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a fabric for use as a paper machine dryer felt, which comprises;
a first sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric first periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a first outside plane and the valley floors are in a first inside plane, said peaks being of a character which provides about 20 to 50 percent of the surface . area of the first periphery and 100 percent of the area which will come in contact with the paper sheet to be supported by the felt on a paper machine;
a second sinuous layer of cross-mac.hine direction yarns, providing a fabric second periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a second outside plane and the valley floors are in a second inside plane;
a plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns positioned between the first and second outside planes and interweaving the cross-machine direction yarns of the first and second layers at points between the outside and inside planes of at least one of said first and second layers and .
`:` ` `` ~
1~48003 at points within the periphery of the other of said first and second layers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION-OF THE DRAWINGS
._ ... ..._. .
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional, side elevation of a portion of a preferred embodiment fabric of the invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a portion of a drying section in a paper ma~ing machine.
Figure 3 is a top view of a portion of the fabric of Figure 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Figure 1 is an enlarged, cross-sectional, side elevation of a portion of a fabric 10 of the invention.
The fabric 10 comprises a first sinuous layer 12 of mono-filament cross-machine direction yarns 14. The layer 12 forms a periphery of fabric 10 which in side profile shows peaks 16 and valley floors 18. A plurality of at least two peaks 16 in layer 12 are in a single plane forming an outer periphery of fabric 10. Preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all or substantially all of the peaks 16 are in the aforesaid plane. Valley floors 18 are in a separate plane inside of the plane formed by the peaks 16.
A second sinuous layer 20 of monofilament cross-machine direction yarns 14' forms another periphery of the fabric 10 which also appears, in side profile, as peaks 16' i - - I
1~8003 and valley floors 18i. A plurality of at least two of the peaks 16' are in a single plane forming the outer periphery (preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all ~¦ of the peaks 16' are in the periphery). Valley floors 18' 1l are in a separate, single plane inside of the plane formed by peaks 16'.
Ij A plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns ¦¦ 22 are positioned between the outer fabric periphery formed Il by the outside planes, formed by the peaks 16 and the peaks ¦¦ 16' and interweave with the cross-machine direction yarns 14, 14' at points between the respective planes of peaks 16, valley floors 18 and peaks 16', valley floors 18'. Thus, ¦ as shown in Figure 1, the knuckles of load bearing.machine direction yarns 22 are below the peaks 16, 16' at the point I where they interweave with the cross-machine direction ¦ yarns 14, 14' and do not come into direct contact with the sheet 24 of paper carried on fabric 10, when fabric 10 is employed as a dryer fabric on a paper making machine.
The sheet 24 is supported on the peaks 16 of the cross-machine direction yarn 14. On the side of fabric 10 facing away from the carried sheet, the machine direction yarns 22 ¦ are also protected by the outwardly projecting peaks 16' from contact with elements of the paper making machine whi-ch ¦l might hasten abrasion or other degradation of the important ¦ load bearing mach.ine direction yarns. However, it will be appreciated that the greatest degradation of yarns in a dryer I~ .
fabric occurs in those monofilament yarns in contact with sheet 24. Thus, it is not critical that yarns 22 be protected by peaks 16' on the side of the fabric facing away from the carried sheet 24 although such is obviously preferred. Within ¦ the scope of the invention are fabrics where the yarns 22 are 1, on the outer periphery of layer 20 where they pass through layer 20.
In the embodiment fabric 10 the machine direction yarns l 22 within layer 12 are paired with the yarns 22 within layer 20 ¦ and the yarns within the pairs are slightly offset from each other in regard to vertical alignment, as they knuckle over the cross-machine direction yarns-14, 14'. There are, in the weaving pattern, 4 sets of machine direction yarn 22 pairs.
One pair interweaves with every fourth of cross-machine direction yarns 14, 14' and then the pattern repeats.
Preferably, the machine direction yarns pass over at least one cross-machine direction yarn, under at least one following cross-machine direction yarn and over at least one further following cross-machine direction yarn of the upper cross-machine direction layer before running down to interconnect the lower cross-machine direction layer with the upper cross-machine direction layer, the machine yarns and cross-machine direction yarns being thus interconnected in a repeat pattern.
Of course the weave will be such tha* the relationship of the machin direction ya~ns anc the upper leyer of cross-machire .
', , direction yarns will be such that the plane of the il upper surfaces of the portions of the cross-machine direction yarns of the upper layer over which the Il machine direction yarns pass is relatively elevated S 11 in a direction away from the plane of the upper surface of the fabric; and the plane of the exposed upper surfaces of the portions of the machine direction yarns in the upper layer under which the cross-machine Il direction yarns pass is relatively depressed in the ll opposite direction, whereby the differences in elevation between the exposed upper surface portions of the machine direction yarns are protected from contact with paper sheet which contacts the surface of the cross-machine direction yarns in the upper layer.
The yarns 14, 14' and 22 may be monofilaments on any synthetic polymeric resin. The yarns 14 and 14' may also be multifilament yarns. Representative of such multi- and monofilaments are yarns of polyester~
polyamide, polyolefin, polyaramid, polyimide and the like. Generally such yarns having diameters of from lQ to 40 mils are advantageously employed in the fabrics of the invention.
1:148~)03 Following the weaving of the fabrics of the invention, they are heat set to stabilize the fabric and to draw the yarns into their desired relative positions. The machine direction yarns 22 are drawn inwardly of the outer surfaces of the fabric 10 and this pressure "crimps" the yarns 18, 18' so that the peaks 16, 16' are displaced to the outside plane of the fabric as previously described The degree of heat-setting required to achieve the desired structure of the fabric 10 will of course vary depending on the nature of the yarns 14, 14' and 22.
However, optimum times, temperatures and tensions placed on the fabric during heat-setting can be determined by those skilled in the art, employing trial and error technique for the different yarn materials. In general, heat-setting may be carried out at temperatures of from about 150F. to 375F. for from 15 to 60 minutes. The fabrics of the invention may be woven flat and the ends joined by conventional seaming methods, known to those skilled in the art. The seamed belts so made are readily employed as dryer felts in the dryer section 30 of a paper making machine as shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the paper sheet 24 is held against the steam cylinders 32 by the endless belt 34 of fabric 10 during passage of sheet 24 through dryer section 30.
As shown in Figure 1 and in Figure 3, a top view of the embodiment fabric of Figure 1, the outermost portion or "knuckle" of peaks 16 have been partially abraded away to increase the surface area of the fabric 10 which functions as the support area for the paper sheet 24. The technique 11~8003 of abrading away portions of knuckles on fabrics is well known;
see for example U. S. Patents 3,573,164 and 3,905,863.
Advantageously, sufficient of the peaks 16 are abraded away to provide peaks 16 with a surface area comprising from about 20 to about 50 percent of the total surface area of the dryer fabric, in the outer periphery of layer 12. Most advantageously, the abraded peaks 16 comprise from 10 to 30 pércent of the total surface area. When the peaks 16 provide the specified surface area of the dryer fabric, the dryer fabric 10 exhibits an improved drying efficiency in operation on a paper making machine. The increased area of contact between the peaks 16 and the paper sheet 24 being dried promotes a faster drying rate and, in many instances, enhances the sheet tensile strengths of the product paper dried thereon.
It is important that the machine direction yarns in the fabric of the invention are not abraded and remain substantially intact, since they are the load-bearing yarns of the fabric 10.
The following example sets forth the best mode contemplated by the inventors of making and using the invention but are not to be considered as limiting.
EXAMPLE
A fabric is prepared in a duplex weave of 0.016"
diameter polyester monofilament ~00 per inch) machine `:
1~48003 direction yarns interwoven with 0.016'' diameter polyester l monofilament (44 per inch; 22 top and 22 bottom) filling or cross-machine direction yarns. ~fter heat setting, a I fabric is obtained having only cross-machine direction yarns ¦ in the outer plane of the fabric. The upper surface of the fabric is subjected to abrasion to remove up to 0.0051 inches of the cross-machine direction knuckles. This leaves the abraded knuckles providing 29.3~ of the surface area of the fabric. The percentage of surface area making contact at varying degrees of knuckle abrasion up to 0.0051 inches is shown in the Table 1, below.
~ABLE 1 Inches'Remo'ved by'San'ding Per'cent'Surface' Conta'ct 0 (not sanded) 4.3%
0.0010 7.8 0.0019 13.6 0.0034 14.3 0.0051 29.3 Both sanded and unsanded fabrics are used to make endless dryer belts and each is tested on a papermakers machine in the dryer section. It is observed that the runs with the sanded fabric of Example 1 improve the drying rate by 2-5 percent over the drying rate achieved using the unsanded fabric.
Those skilled in the art wlll appreciate that many modifications of the preferred embodiments described above may be made without departing from the spirit and l the scope of the invention. For example, the fabric of ¦ the invention may be woven to include various stuffer picks, to obtain fabrics of different permeabilities as ~ill be a preciated by those skilled in the ar~.
, ` -10-
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a fabric for use as a paper machine dryer felt, which comprises;
a first sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric first periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a first outside plane and the valley floors are in a first inside plane, said peaks being of a character which provides about 20 to 50 percent of the surface . area of the first periphery and 100 percent of the area which will come in contact with the paper sheet to be supported by the felt on a paper machine;
a second sinuous layer of cross-mac.hine direction yarns, providing a fabric second periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a second outside plane and the valley floors are in a second inside plane;
a plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns positioned between the first and second outside planes and interweaving the cross-machine direction yarns of the first and second layers at points between the outside and inside planes of at least one of said first and second layers and .
`:` ` `` ~
1~48003 at points within the periphery of the other of said first and second layers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION-OF THE DRAWINGS
._ ... ..._. .
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional, side elevation of a portion of a preferred embodiment fabric of the invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a portion of a drying section in a paper ma~ing machine.
Figure 3 is a top view of a portion of the fabric of Figure 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Figure 1 is an enlarged, cross-sectional, side elevation of a portion of a fabric 10 of the invention.
The fabric 10 comprises a first sinuous layer 12 of mono-filament cross-machine direction yarns 14. The layer 12 forms a periphery of fabric 10 which in side profile shows peaks 16 and valley floors 18. A plurality of at least two peaks 16 in layer 12 are in a single plane forming an outer periphery of fabric 10. Preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all or substantially all of the peaks 16 are in the aforesaid plane. Valley floors 18 are in a separate plane inside of the plane formed by the peaks 16.
A second sinuous layer 20 of monofilament cross-machine direction yarns 14' forms another periphery of the fabric 10 which also appears, in side profile, as peaks 16' i - - I
1~8003 and valley floors 18i. A plurality of at least two of the peaks 16' are in a single plane forming the outer periphery (preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all ~¦ of the peaks 16' are in the periphery). Valley floors 18' 1l are in a separate, single plane inside of the plane formed by peaks 16'.
Ij A plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns ¦¦ 22 are positioned between the outer fabric periphery formed Il by the outside planes, formed by the peaks 16 and the peaks ¦¦ 16' and interweave with the cross-machine direction yarns 14, 14' at points between the respective planes of peaks 16, valley floors 18 and peaks 16', valley floors 18'. Thus, ¦ as shown in Figure 1, the knuckles of load bearing.machine direction yarns 22 are below the peaks 16, 16' at the point I where they interweave with the cross-machine direction ¦ yarns 14, 14' and do not come into direct contact with the sheet 24 of paper carried on fabric 10, when fabric 10 is employed as a dryer fabric on a paper making machine.
The sheet 24 is supported on the peaks 16 of the cross-machine direction yarn 14. On the side of fabric 10 facing away from the carried sheet, the machine direction yarns 22 ¦ are also protected by the outwardly projecting peaks 16' from contact with elements of the paper making machine whi-ch ¦l might hasten abrasion or other degradation of the important ¦ load bearing mach.ine direction yarns. However, it will be appreciated that the greatest degradation of yarns in a dryer I~ .
fabric occurs in those monofilament yarns in contact with sheet 24. Thus, it is not critical that yarns 22 be protected by peaks 16' on the side of the fabric facing away from the carried sheet 24 although such is obviously preferred. Within ¦ the scope of the invention are fabrics where the yarns 22 are 1, on the outer periphery of layer 20 where they pass through layer 20.
In the embodiment fabric 10 the machine direction yarns l 22 within layer 12 are paired with the yarns 22 within layer 20 ¦ and the yarns within the pairs are slightly offset from each other in regard to vertical alignment, as they knuckle over the cross-machine direction yarns-14, 14'. There are, in the weaving pattern, 4 sets of machine direction yarn 22 pairs.
One pair interweaves with every fourth of cross-machine direction yarns 14, 14' and then the pattern repeats.
Preferably, the machine direction yarns pass over at least one cross-machine direction yarn, under at least one following cross-machine direction yarn and over at least one further following cross-machine direction yarn of the upper cross-machine direction layer before running down to interconnect the lower cross-machine direction layer with the upper cross-machine direction layer, the machine yarns and cross-machine direction yarns being thus interconnected in a repeat pattern.
Of course the weave will be such tha* the relationship of the machin direction ya~ns anc the upper leyer of cross-machire .
', , direction yarns will be such that the plane of the il upper surfaces of the portions of the cross-machine direction yarns of the upper layer over which the Il machine direction yarns pass is relatively elevated S 11 in a direction away from the plane of the upper surface of the fabric; and the plane of the exposed upper surfaces of the portions of the machine direction yarns in the upper layer under which the cross-machine Il direction yarns pass is relatively depressed in the ll opposite direction, whereby the differences in elevation between the exposed upper surface portions of the machine direction yarns are protected from contact with paper sheet which contacts the surface of the cross-machine direction yarns in the upper layer.
The yarns 14, 14' and 22 may be monofilaments on any synthetic polymeric resin. The yarns 14 and 14' may also be multifilament yarns. Representative of such multi- and monofilaments are yarns of polyester~
polyamide, polyolefin, polyaramid, polyimide and the like. Generally such yarns having diameters of from lQ to 40 mils are advantageously employed in the fabrics of the invention.
1:148~)03 Following the weaving of the fabrics of the invention, they are heat set to stabilize the fabric and to draw the yarns into their desired relative positions. The machine direction yarns 22 are drawn inwardly of the outer surfaces of the fabric 10 and this pressure "crimps" the yarns 18, 18' so that the peaks 16, 16' are displaced to the outside plane of the fabric as previously described The degree of heat-setting required to achieve the desired structure of the fabric 10 will of course vary depending on the nature of the yarns 14, 14' and 22.
However, optimum times, temperatures and tensions placed on the fabric during heat-setting can be determined by those skilled in the art, employing trial and error technique for the different yarn materials. In general, heat-setting may be carried out at temperatures of from about 150F. to 375F. for from 15 to 60 minutes. The fabrics of the invention may be woven flat and the ends joined by conventional seaming methods, known to those skilled in the art. The seamed belts so made are readily employed as dryer felts in the dryer section 30 of a paper making machine as shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the paper sheet 24 is held against the steam cylinders 32 by the endless belt 34 of fabric 10 during passage of sheet 24 through dryer section 30.
As shown in Figure 1 and in Figure 3, a top view of the embodiment fabric of Figure 1, the outermost portion or "knuckle" of peaks 16 have been partially abraded away to increase the surface area of the fabric 10 which functions as the support area for the paper sheet 24. The technique 11~8003 of abrading away portions of knuckles on fabrics is well known;
see for example U. S. Patents 3,573,164 and 3,905,863.
Advantageously, sufficient of the peaks 16 are abraded away to provide peaks 16 with a surface area comprising from about 20 to about 50 percent of the total surface area of the dryer fabric, in the outer periphery of layer 12. Most advantageously, the abraded peaks 16 comprise from 10 to 30 pércent of the total surface area. When the peaks 16 provide the specified surface area of the dryer fabric, the dryer fabric 10 exhibits an improved drying efficiency in operation on a paper making machine. The increased area of contact between the peaks 16 and the paper sheet 24 being dried promotes a faster drying rate and, in many instances, enhances the sheet tensile strengths of the product paper dried thereon.
It is important that the machine direction yarns in the fabric of the invention are not abraded and remain substantially intact, since they are the load-bearing yarns of the fabric 10.
The following example sets forth the best mode contemplated by the inventors of making and using the invention but are not to be considered as limiting.
EXAMPLE
A fabric is prepared in a duplex weave of 0.016"
diameter polyester monofilament ~00 per inch) machine `:
1~48003 direction yarns interwoven with 0.016'' diameter polyester l monofilament (44 per inch; 22 top and 22 bottom) filling or cross-machine direction yarns. ~fter heat setting, a I fabric is obtained having only cross-machine direction yarns ¦ in the outer plane of the fabric. The upper surface of the fabric is subjected to abrasion to remove up to 0.0051 inches of the cross-machine direction knuckles. This leaves the abraded knuckles providing 29.3~ of the surface area of the fabric. The percentage of surface area making contact at varying degrees of knuckle abrasion up to 0.0051 inches is shown in the Table 1, below.
~ABLE 1 Inches'Remo'ved by'San'ding Per'cent'Surface' Conta'ct 0 (not sanded) 4.3%
0.0010 7.8 0.0019 13.6 0.0034 14.3 0.0051 29.3 Both sanded and unsanded fabrics are used to make endless dryer belts and each is tested on a papermakers machine in the dryer section. It is observed that the runs with the sanded fabric of Example 1 improve the drying rate by 2-5 percent over the drying rate achieved using the unsanded fabric.
Those skilled in the art wlll appreciate that many modifications of the preferred embodiments described above may be made without departing from the spirit and l the scope of the invention. For example, the fabric of ¦ the invention may be woven to include various stuffer picks, to obtain fabrics of different permeabilities as ~ill be a preciated by those skilled in the ar~.
, ` -10-
Claims (6)
1. A fabric for use as a paper machine dryer felt, which comprises;
a first sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric first periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a first outside plane and the valley floors are in a first inside plane, said peaks being of a character which provide about 20 to 50 percent of the surface area of the first periphery and 100 percent of the area which will come in contact with the paper sheet to be supported by the felt on a paper a second sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric second periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a second outside plane and the valley floors are in a second inside plane;
a plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns positioned between the first and second outside planes and interweaving the cross-machine direction yarns of the first and second outside planes and interweaving the cross-machine direction yarns of the first and second layers at points between the outside and inside planes of at least one of said first and second layers and at points within the periphery of the other of said first and second layers.
a first sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric first periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a first outside plane and the valley floors are in a first inside plane, said peaks being of a character which provide about 20 to 50 percent of the surface area of the first periphery and 100 percent of the area which will come in contact with the paper sheet to be supported by the felt on a paper a second sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric second periphery of peaks and valleys wherein a plurality of peaks are in a second outside plane and the valley floors are in a second inside plane;
a plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns positioned between the first and second outside planes and interweaving the cross-machine direction yarns of the first and second outside planes and interweaving the cross-machine direction yarns of the first and second layers at points between the outside and inside planes of at least one of said first and second layers and at points within the periphery of the other of said first and second layers.
2. A dryer felt made up from the fabric of claim 1.
3. The fabric of claim 1 wherein the cross-machine direction yarns are monofilaments.
4. The fabric of claim 1 wherein the cross-machine direction yarns are multifilament yarns.
5. The fabric of claim 1 wherein the machine direction yarns interweave with the cross-machine direction yarns at points between the outside and inside planes of each layer.
6. The fabric of claim 1 wherein said percent is within the range of from about 10 to 30 percent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16830280A | 1980-07-10 | 1980-07-10 | |
| US168,302 | 1980-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1148003A true CA1148003A (en) | 1983-06-14 |
Family
ID=22610947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000381424A Expired CA1148003A (en) | 1980-07-10 | 1981-07-09 | Dryer felt fabric |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5742995A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR228609A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7270281A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE889574A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8104388A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1148003A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3127359A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2486549A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2080842B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT8148864A0 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8103275A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ197686A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA814577B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4498710B2 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2010-07-07 | シキボウ株式会社 | Dryer canvas for papermaking |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2949134A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1960-08-16 | Scapa Dryers Ltd | Papermakers' felts and like industrial woven textile fabrics |
| US3139119A (en) * | 1960-05-18 | 1964-06-30 | William E Buchanan | Fourdrinier fabric |
| CH418813A (en) * | 1964-09-07 | 1966-08-15 | Schullstrom & Sjostroms Fabrik | Process for the production of a double or multi-layer drainage cloth, especially for paper and similar machines, as well as a drainage cloth produced by this process |
| US3573164A (en) * | 1967-08-22 | 1971-03-30 | Procter & Gamble | Fabrics with improved web transfer characteristics |
| DE1611765A1 (en) * | 1968-01-24 | 1971-02-11 | Oberdorfer Metalltuchfabrik F | Process for the production of a paper machine screen and screen produced by this process |
| US3905863A (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1975-09-16 | Procter & Gamble | Process for forming absorbent paper by imprinting a semi-twill fabric knuckle pattern thereon prior to final drying and paper thereof |
| SE385486B (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-07-05 | Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab | PROPAGATION WIRE FOR PAPER, CELLULOSE OR SIMILAR MACHINES AND MANUFACTURED THE SAME |
| SE397371C (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1980-08-18 | Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab | PREPARATION VIRUS FOR PAPER, CELLULOSA OR SIMILAR MACHINES |
| AR226561A1 (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1982-07-30 | Albany Int Corp | A WELDING FELT DRYER TO BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH A HEAT SOURCE FOR DRYING A PAPER SHEET IN FORMATION IN A PAPER MAKING MACHINE |
| AR226563A1 (en) * | 1979-10-17 | 1982-07-30 | Albany Int Corp | FABRIC TO BE USED AS A FELT DRYER FOR A PAPER SHEET IN FORMATION, IN A PAPER MAKING MACHINE |
-
1981
- 1981-07-07 ZA ZA814577A patent/ZA814577B/en unknown
- 1981-07-08 GB GB8121064A patent/GB2080842B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-09 FR FR8113512A patent/FR2486549A1/en active Pending
- 1981-07-09 AU AU72702/81A patent/AU7270281A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1981-07-09 NL NL8103275A patent/NL8103275A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-07-09 JP JP56106313A patent/JPS5742995A/en active Pending
- 1981-07-09 BE BE0/205369A patent/BE889574A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-09 BR BR8104388A patent/BR8104388A/en unknown
- 1981-07-09 IT IT8148864A patent/IT8148864A0/en unknown
- 1981-07-09 CA CA000381424A patent/CA1148003A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-10 NZ NZ197686A patent/NZ197686A/en unknown
- 1981-07-10 DE DE19813127359 patent/DE3127359A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-07-10 AR AR286050A patent/AR228609A1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5742995A (en) | 1982-03-10 |
| BE889574A (en) | 1981-11-03 |
| DE3127359A1 (en) | 1982-07-15 |
| GB2080842A (en) | 1982-02-10 |
| FR2486549A1 (en) | 1982-01-15 |
| NL8103275A (en) | 1982-02-01 |
| AU7270281A (en) | 1982-01-14 |
| NZ197686A (en) | 1984-11-09 |
| AR228609A1 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| IT8148864A0 (en) | 1981-07-09 |
| BR8104388A (en) | 1982-03-23 |
| GB2080842B (en) | 1984-06-27 |
| ZA814577B (en) | 1982-09-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |