CA1142769A - Herbicidal composition for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land - Google Patents
Herbicidal composition for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated landInfo
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- CA1142769A CA1142769A CA000347847A CA347847A CA1142769A CA 1142769 A CA1142769 A CA 1142769A CA 000347847 A CA000347847 A CA 000347847A CA 347847 A CA347847 A CA 347847A CA 1142769 A CA1142769 A CA 1142769A
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- hoeing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A herbicidal composition is disclosed which may be used for chemi-cally hoeing fields and cultivated land. The composition contains at least one metal or ammonium salt of persulphuric acid as an active sub-stance in association with at least one surface-active agent which is compat-ible with the active substance. The composition is useful for chemically hoeing cultivated land which is laid out in lines, such as orchards, vine-yards, nurseries, garden plots and ornamental gardens.
A herbicidal composition is disclosed which may be used for chemi-cally hoeing fields and cultivated land. The composition contains at least one metal or ammonium salt of persulphuric acid as an active sub-stance in association with at least one surface-active agent which is compat-ible with the active substance. The composition is useful for chemically hoeing cultivated land which is laid out in lines, such as orchards, vine-yards, nurseries, garden plots and ornamental gardens.
Description
2~6~
The invention relates to a herbicidal composition which can be used for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land. It also relates to a pro-cess of chemically hoeing these fields and cultivated land using this compo-sition.
Iloeing is the operation which consists in superficially mellowing the soil by using an appropriate tool such as a hoe or a similar tool to break up the top, superficial layer of the soil, a notable result of this being the elimination of any unwanted vegetation. Hoeing is currently performed in the case of cultivated land which is laid out in lines, e.g. orchards, vineyards, nurseries, garden plots, ornamental gardens, in order to eliminate weeds in the areas between the lines of crops and to thus improve the yield of said crops or to enhance their ornamental effect.
In analogy with the hoeing operation performed by using an appropri-ate tool, the term "chemical hoeing" characterises a treatment of the fields and cultivated land which is effected by using a herbicidal composition and which results, in regard to weeds, in the same apparent effect as conventional hoeing, i.e. in the elimination, as rapidly and thoroughly as possible, of the undesirable plants in the treated area.
The term "chemical hoeing" is defined herein as above which is com-monly accepted in practice.
In order to be useful as an active substance in compositions intend-ed for chemical hoeing, a herbicidal compound has to meet several well deter-mined conditions; including:
(a) it should exhibit a superior herbicidal activity over the greatest pos-sible number of types of plants, whatever their stage of development from the stage of the seedling up to the stage of the developed plant;
(b) its herbicidal action should be rapid and has to allow the elimination of the condidered types of plants in a time limit of preferably less than 2 ~1~2'769 weeks, and in practice, of a few days. This herbicidal action has to be exercised on the aerial parts of the types of plants to be eliminated, exclud-ing any action by the soil because such an action would be likely to be ab-sorbed by the underground parts of the crops in the vicinity of the treated area;
(c) the herbicidal composition which is used should exhibit only a very slight remanence in order to avoid any accumulation of the herbicidal product in the soil level, following repeated treatments and should allow, if neces-sary, the treated area to be rapidly replanted with crops. This combination of conditions which must be considered means that, although a vast number of herbicidal compounds are known and marketed at present for conventional herbi-cidal uses, very few of these compounds exhibit all the features required for use as a chemical hoeing agent.
In practice, the only compounds which are used at present for this purpose are ~thylene-l,l' bipyridyliylium-4,4', commonly called diquat and dimethyl-l,l' bipyridyliylium-4,4' commonly called paraquat.
Diquat and paraquat both exhibit superior herbicidal properties and respond in a very satisfactory manner to the different conditions men-tioned above. However, there is a disadvantage in that they are very toxic and thus present notable risks for those working with them.
The air of the present invention is to provide a herbicidal com-position, which can be used to hoe fields and cultivate land chemically ~and thus respond to the various conditions mentioned above concerning this type of use) and which also has a very low toxicity so that it can be used with-out necessitating special safety precautions.
Accordingly, the invention provides a herbicidal composition which may be used for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land, which l~Z769 comprises an effective quantity of at least one alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt of persulphuric acid as active substance, in association with a surface-active agent which is compatible with the active substance and is selected from the group comprising sulphosuccinates, ethoxy-lated alkylphenols, ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, quaternary ammonium derivatives, taurates, phosphates, alkyl aryl sulphonates and ethoxylated aliphatic acids, the surface active agent being present in an amount of 0.5 to 2S% by weight based on the persulfate.
The acid oi formula HzS208 is somtimes called perdisulphuric acid.
In the present context, the term "persulphuric acid" indicates in a general manner the acid of formula H2S20g and "persulphates" indicate the salts of this acid.
The suggestion has already been made ~French Patent No. 622,405) of using sodium or potassium perborates, persulphates and peroxides as herbi-cides. According to this French Patent, these compounds are used to eliminate hardy plants growing between railway lines, on paths, in lanes, avenues etc i.e. in fact to completely eliminate the weeds from uncultivated fields, the pursued aim being to achieve a total and lasting elimination, over time, of the types of plants which are present. It is thus a question of a use which is very different from that which is the object of the present application which specifically relates to hoeing fields and c~ltivated land chemically, which simultaneously implies a rapid and thorough herbicidal action and a very low remanence of the herbicidal compound, in order to allow, if necessary, the treated areas to be replanted as soon as possible.
The invention particularly relates to compositions in~olving a compound of the formula Me2S208, as active substance, wherein Me represents an alkali metal atom or the ammonium radical. The compositions preferably -~1~2~69 contain ammonium pers.ulphate as the active substance.
As mentioned above, the composition according to the invention necessarily contains, besides the active substance, at least one surface-active agent which is compatible with the active substance. The experiments which have been carried out by tlle applicant have shown that, in the absence of a suitable surface-active agent, the alkali metal-, alkaline earth metal-or ammonium persulphates exhibit per se a herbicidal activity which is inadequate .:;.~
in considering their use for hoeing fields and cultivated areas chemically, but that it was possible to considerably improve this activity by associat-ing a suitable surface-active agent with the ac~ive substance.
The same experiments also showed that this strengthening of the herbicidal activity was only observed in the case of certain surface-active agents, but that in the case of other conventional surface-active agents, no improvement in the herbicidal activity was observed and even in certain cases there were results which were considerably lower than those of the alkali metal persulphate or ammonium persulphate used by itself.
A better understanding of the invention will be gained from the fol-lowing Examples which illustrate the invention without limiting it and de-scribe several surface-active agents which can be used in the compositions according to the invention.
Example 1 _ Experiments in the open air on rye grass (Lolium p _enne) The following experiments were carried out on different plots of grass each of 2 m2 in area. For each of these experiments, a composition was prepared comprising 98% by weight of ammonium persulphate and 2% of a surface-active agent and this composition was then diluted with water in order to obtain a mixture containing 40g/1 of ammonium persulphate.
Experiments numbers 1 to 11 were carried out using the following surface-active agents which all have a good compatibility with the active sub-stance which was used and resulted in a most distinct improvement in its her-bicidal activity.
- Experiment No 1 - Aerosol OTB (mixture of sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate and sodium benzoate) - Experiment No 2 - Celanol DOS 75 (sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate) -~- - Experiment No 3 - Cemulsol NP 6 (nonylphenol oxyethylated by six molecules of ethylene oxide) ~O~ ~
i9 - Experiment No 4 - Cemulsol 860 ~alcohol oxo in C10 oxyethylated by six molecules of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 5 - Arquad 2C 50 (dimethyl dilauryl ammonium chloride) - Experiment No 6 - Noranium M2C (dimethyl dialkyl ammonium chloride) - Experiment No 7 - Hostapon TPHC (sodium salt of oleyl methyl taurine) - Experiment No 8 - Cemulsol DB 25/18 (alcohol in C16-C18 oxyethylated by 50 molecules of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 9 - Cemulsol BR extra (castor oil oxyethylated by 33 mole-cules of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 10 - Celanol PA 19 (Nonylphenol phosphate acid oxyethylated by 9 moles of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 11 - Supragil WP (sodium isopropylnaphthalene sulphonate) Each of the mixtures obtained in this manner was applied by spray-ing onto the aerial regions of the plants in a determined plot using a pres-sure spray fitted with a straight-line-jet nozzle at a pressure of 3 bars, and a rate of 0.21 of paste per m , that is to say a quantity of 8g of ammon-ium persulphate per m .
The herbicidal activity, controlled by visual observation, in com-parison with untreated control plots, was recorded from 0 (no herbicidal ac-20 tivity) to 10 (complete herbicidal action) on respectively 1, 2 and 6 days after the treatment.
The results which were observed are recorded in the following table, in which the experiment marked "persulphate alone" was carried out by treating a plot with ammonium persulphate, without adding a surface-active agent, in the same quantity as for the other experiments (8 g/m2).
~, /~
Herbicidal activity . _ T + 1 day T + 2 days T + 6 days _.
Persulphate alone 0 4 4 Experiment No 1 5 6 7 Experiment No 2 6 7 8 Experiment No 3 4 5 7 Experiment No 4 5 6 7 Experiment No 5 5 6 8 Experiment No 6 4 5 7 Experiment No 7 4 5 7 Experiment No 8 5 6 7 Experiment No 9 5 6 7 Experiment No 10 4 6 7 Experiment No 11 4 6 _ 7 It will be noted from these results that the compositions which were used in experiments numbers 1 to 11 exhibited, in each of the samples taken, a herbicidal activity which is clearly superior to that of ammonium persul-phate used by itself, in the same quantity per m .
It will be particularly noted that in the case of experiments num-bers 1 to 11, this herbicidal activity evidences itself very rapidly since it is already very significant one day after the time when the chemical weeding treatment was carried out (activity noted from 4 to 6), while on the same date (T + 1 day), the ammonium persulphate used by itself did not show any herbi-cidal activity (notation 0).
It has also been verified for each of the experiments described above that the surface-active agent used by itself in the same quantity/m2 as in these experiments did not exercise any herbicidal activity.
Example 2 - Experiments in the open air on varied plant life l~Z'~
These experiments were carried out on different plots of land, each having an area of 1 m2, in which the following weeds were identified:
- Meadow clover ~Trifolium pratense L.) - Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) - Tall crowfoot (Ranunculus acer L.) - Knot grass (Polygonum aviculare L.) - Greater plantain (Plantago major L.) - Wild potentilla (Potentilla reptans L.) - Fever few (Matricaria inodora L.) - Polygonum persicaria (Polygonum persicaria L.) - Corn mint (Mentha arvensis L.) - Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) - Chickweed (Stellaria media) - Red archangel (Lamium purpureum L.) - Brome grass (Bromus mollis L.) - Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) - Dog's tooth grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) - Rye grass (Lolium perenne L.) - Fescue (Festuca pratensis ~luds.) - Meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) In these experiments numbered 12 and 13, a composition was used containing 98% by weight of ammonium persulphate and 2% of Aerosol OTB, as surface-active agent. By diluting with water, a mixture of the desired con-centration was prepared. The treatment was carried out according to the method previously described by spraying the mixture onto the aerial parts of the plants which were present in the plots.
The results were observed and recorded accoring to the same scale as before and are stated in the following table:
~1~2'769 Herbicidal activity Quantity of T + 2 days T + 6 days persulphate in g/m2 Experiment No 12 10 7 8 Experiment No 13 20 9 9 It is observed that herbicidal activity was exhibited on all the different weeds quoted above, which indicates the very wide range of herbici-dal activity of the active substance which was used.
Example 3 - Remanence experiment on bare soil This experiment was carried out by treating a mellowed soil, without any vegetation, by using a mixture prepared by diluting the same composition as in Example 2 with water and applying the resultant mixture at the rate of 15 g of ammonium persulphate per m2.
Immediately after the treatment, radishes of the variety "eighteen days", and carrots of the variety "improved and of medium length from Nantes"
are sown in the treated plots and in the untreated control plots.
One month after sowing, it is observed that there is no phytoxicity and moreover that the treated plots exhibit plants having a more developed vegetation than those of the control plots.
These results are explained by the fact that ammonium persulphate decomposes very rapidly at soil level ~very slight remanence) into ammonium sulphate which is a nitrogeneous fertiliser.
The previous Examples show the superior properties of the composi-tions according to the invention.
Surface-active agents which can be used in association with the active substance in the compositions according to the invention, and which are compatible with this active substance may be emulsifiers, dispersants or wet-ting agents, each of these capable of being ionic or non-ionic. Advantageously '7~
the surface-active agent is selected from among the following families of surface-active agents which can be used in agriculture:
- sulphosuccinates and particularly dialkyl esters of sodium sulphosuccinate such as sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate;
- ethoxylated alkyl phenols, and particularly addition products of octyl, nonyl or dodecyl phenol and ethylene oxide, such as nonyl phenyl with 6 mols of ethylene oxide;
- ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols and particularly C10 to C18 alcohols compris-ing from 5 to 60 mols of ethylene oxide;
-derivatives of quaternary ammonium and particularly tetra alkyl ammonium chlorides such as dimethyl dilauryl ammonium chloride or trimethyl alkyl ammonium chloride;
- taurates such as sodium N-methyl - N-oleyl taurate;
- phosphates such as nonylphenol phosphate acid with 9 mols of ethylene oxide;
- alkyl aryl sulphonates such as sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate; and - ethoxylated aliphatic acids such as ethoxylated castor oil.
These different families of surface-active agents are described for example in the work entitled "Mc Cutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers" Inter-national Edition - 1979 - Annual. C.
The surface-active agents mentioned in experiments numbers 1 to 11 from Example 1 may be mentioned as examples of surface-active agents which can be used according to the present invention. However, Aerosol OTB (mixture of sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate and sodium benzoate), Arquad 2C 50 (dimethyl dilauryl ammonium chloride), or Celanol DOS 75 (sodium di-octylsulphosuccinate) are preferably used as a surface-active agent.
Besides the active substance and the surface-active agent, the com-positions of the invention may contain a carrier as well as one or more addi-tives such as, for example penetration agents, protective colloids, adhesives _ 9 _ 7~i9 or thickening agents, anti-clumping agents, colorants, thixotropic agents, etc... as well as possibly other known active substances having pesticidal properties.
The term "carrier", in the present context designates a substance, which may be organic or mineral, natural or synthetic, with which the active substance is associated in order to facilitate its use on plants or its trans-port or manipulation. The carrier may be a solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, ammonium or sodium sulphates, resins, waxes, or solid fertilizers) or a liquid ~water, petroleum fractions, saturated chloro hydrocarbons, liqui-fied gas or liquid fertilizer).
The compositions according to the invention may be prepared in the form of water-soluble powders, wettable powders, solutions, emulsions,concen-trates in suspension or aerosols. Water-soluble powders are obtained by mix-ing from 20 to 99% by weight of active substance, from 0.5 to 5% of surface-active agent, and from 0 to 10% of an anti-clumping agent, with the balance comprising a water-soluble substance, principally a water-soluble salt such as an ammonium or sodium sulphate.
By way of example, a water-soluble powder according to the invention may be composed of the following (by weight):
- ammonium persulphate 97.6%
- Aerosol OTB 2.4%
Another example of a water-soluble powder of the invention is com-posed of the following substances by weight:
- ammonium persulphate 94.6%
- Aerosol OTB 2.4%
- anti-caking silica 3.0 The wettable powders usually comprise from 25 to 99% by weight of active substance and they generally contain, in addition to a solid carrier, ~2~9 from 1 to 5% of a wetting agent and/or other additives such as penetration agents, dispersants, adhesives, anti-clumping agents, colorants, etc.
There follows by way of example the composition by weight of a wet-table powder according to the invention:
- potassium persulphate 70%
- anionic wetting agent (Hostapon TPHC) 1%
- deflocculant agent (calcium lignosulphonate) 5%
- anti-caking silica 5%
10 - carrier (kaolin) 19%
The concentrates in suspension which can also be used in sprays are prepared by forming a stable liquid product which does not settle and they usually contain from 10 to 70% by weight of active substance, from 0.5 to 15%
by weight of surface-active agents, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of thixotropic agents, and from 0 to 10% by weight of suitable additives such as anti-foaming agents, corrosion inhibitors, penetration agents and adhesives, and as a vehi-cle, an organic liquid in which the active substance is slightly soluble or insoluble.
The compositions of the invention are preferably employed in the form of water-soluble powders containing from 80 to 99% by weight of potassium or ammonium persulphate, from 0.5 to 5% by weight of a surface-active agent which is compatible with the active substance, from 0 to 10% of an anti-caking agent, the possible remainder being constituted by a water-soluble substance.
In order to use the compositions mentioned above practically (i.e.
in the form of water-soluble powders or wettable powders, or solutions or emulsions, or concentrates in suspension, or aerosols) they are diluted advan-tageously with water to produce compositions wherein the active substance is in the form of an aqueous solution.
These compositions, which are included equally within the frame of the present invention, besides comprising the active substance and the surface-active agent of the invention, contain water as well as conventional additives such as corrosion inhibitors, stabilisers and colorants. They generally con-tain from 0.11 to 80% by weight of active substance.
The invention also relates to a process for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land, said process comprising applying a composition according to the invention onto the aerial parts of the plants which are to be eliminat-ed in these fields and cultivated areas.
The quantity of the active substance which is to be applied per m2 of land may vary according to the type of the vegetation to be eliminated and the method of application. Good results are obtained by applying from 5 to 20 g of alkali metal persulphate or ammonium persulphate per m of land.
The areas are treated advantageously by using a spray apparatus with a directional jet which allows the composition of the invention to be applied in a very localised manner on the area to be treated, and particularly on the weeds which are in this area, while carefully avoiding the composition from being applied outside this area.
The compositions of the invention are particularly suitable for chemically hoeing cultivated land which is set out in lines, such as orchards, vineyards, nurseries, garden plots, and ornamental gardens.
The invention relates to a herbicidal composition which can be used for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land. It also relates to a pro-cess of chemically hoeing these fields and cultivated land using this compo-sition.
Iloeing is the operation which consists in superficially mellowing the soil by using an appropriate tool such as a hoe or a similar tool to break up the top, superficial layer of the soil, a notable result of this being the elimination of any unwanted vegetation. Hoeing is currently performed in the case of cultivated land which is laid out in lines, e.g. orchards, vineyards, nurseries, garden plots, ornamental gardens, in order to eliminate weeds in the areas between the lines of crops and to thus improve the yield of said crops or to enhance their ornamental effect.
In analogy with the hoeing operation performed by using an appropri-ate tool, the term "chemical hoeing" characterises a treatment of the fields and cultivated land which is effected by using a herbicidal composition and which results, in regard to weeds, in the same apparent effect as conventional hoeing, i.e. in the elimination, as rapidly and thoroughly as possible, of the undesirable plants in the treated area.
The term "chemical hoeing" is defined herein as above which is com-monly accepted in practice.
In order to be useful as an active substance in compositions intend-ed for chemical hoeing, a herbicidal compound has to meet several well deter-mined conditions; including:
(a) it should exhibit a superior herbicidal activity over the greatest pos-sible number of types of plants, whatever their stage of development from the stage of the seedling up to the stage of the developed plant;
(b) its herbicidal action should be rapid and has to allow the elimination of the condidered types of plants in a time limit of preferably less than 2 ~1~2'769 weeks, and in practice, of a few days. This herbicidal action has to be exercised on the aerial parts of the types of plants to be eliminated, exclud-ing any action by the soil because such an action would be likely to be ab-sorbed by the underground parts of the crops in the vicinity of the treated area;
(c) the herbicidal composition which is used should exhibit only a very slight remanence in order to avoid any accumulation of the herbicidal product in the soil level, following repeated treatments and should allow, if neces-sary, the treated area to be rapidly replanted with crops. This combination of conditions which must be considered means that, although a vast number of herbicidal compounds are known and marketed at present for conventional herbi-cidal uses, very few of these compounds exhibit all the features required for use as a chemical hoeing agent.
In practice, the only compounds which are used at present for this purpose are ~thylene-l,l' bipyridyliylium-4,4', commonly called diquat and dimethyl-l,l' bipyridyliylium-4,4' commonly called paraquat.
Diquat and paraquat both exhibit superior herbicidal properties and respond in a very satisfactory manner to the different conditions men-tioned above. However, there is a disadvantage in that they are very toxic and thus present notable risks for those working with them.
The air of the present invention is to provide a herbicidal com-position, which can be used to hoe fields and cultivate land chemically ~and thus respond to the various conditions mentioned above concerning this type of use) and which also has a very low toxicity so that it can be used with-out necessitating special safety precautions.
Accordingly, the invention provides a herbicidal composition which may be used for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land, which l~Z769 comprises an effective quantity of at least one alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt of persulphuric acid as active substance, in association with a surface-active agent which is compatible with the active substance and is selected from the group comprising sulphosuccinates, ethoxy-lated alkylphenols, ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, quaternary ammonium derivatives, taurates, phosphates, alkyl aryl sulphonates and ethoxylated aliphatic acids, the surface active agent being present in an amount of 0.5 to 2S% by weight based on the persulfate.
The acid oi formula HzS208 is somtimes called perdisulphuric acid.
In the present context, the term "persulphuric acid" indicates in a general manner the acid of formula H2S20g and "persulphates" indicate the salts of this acid.
The suggestion has already been made ~French Patent No. 622,405) of using sodium or potassium perborates, persulphates and peroxides as herbi-cides. According to this French Patent, these compounds are used to eliminate hardy plants growing between railway lines, on paths, in lanes, avenues etc i.e. in fact to completely eliminate the weeds from uncultivated fields, the pursued aim being to achieve a total and lasting elimination, over time, of the types of plants which are present. It is thus a question of a use which is very different from that which is the object of the present application which specifically relates to hoeing fields and c~ltivated land chemically, which simultaneously implies a rapid and thorough herbicidal action and a very low remanence of the herbicidal compound, in order to allow, if necessary, the treated areas to be replanted as soon as possible.
The invention particularly relates to compositions in~olving a compound of the formula Me2S208, as active substance, wherein Me represents an alkali metal atom or the ammonium radical. The compositions preferably -~1~2~69 contain ammonium pers.ulphate as the active substance.
As mentioned above, the composition according to the invention necessarily contains, besides the active substance, at least one surface-active agent which is compatible with the active substance. The experiments which have been carried out by tlle applicant have shown that, in the absence of a suitable surface-active agent, the alkali metal-, alkaline earth metal-or ammonium persulphates exhibit per se a herbicidal activity which is inadequate .:;.~
in considering their use for hoeing fields and cultivated areas chemically, but that it was possible to considerably improve this activity by associat-ing a suitable surface-active agent with the ac~ive substance.
The same experiments also showed that this strengthening of the herbicidal activity was only observed in the case of certain surface-active agents, but that in the case of other conventional surface-active agents, no improvement in the herbicidal activity was observed and even in certain cases there were results which were considerably lower than those of the alkali metal persulphate or ammonium persulphate used by itself.
A better understanding of the invention will be gained from the fol-lowing Examples which illustrate the invention without limiting it and de-scribe several surface-active agents which can be used in the compositions according to the invention.
Example 1 _ Experiments in the open air on rye grass (Lolium p _enne) The following experiments were carried out on different plots of grass each of 2 m2 in area. For each of these experiments, a composition was prepared comprising 98% by weight of ammonium persulphate and 2% of a surface-active agent and this composition was then diluted with water in order to obtain a mixture containing 40g/1 of ammonium persulphate.
Experiments numbers 1 to 11 were carried out using the following surface-active agents which all have a good compatibility with the active sub-stance which was used and resulted in a most distinct improvement in its her-bicidal activity.
- Experiment No 1 - Aerosol OTB (mixture of sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate and sodium benzoate) - Experiment No 2 - Celanol DOS 75 (sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate) -~- - Experiment No 3 - Cemulsol NP 6 (nonylphenol oxyethylated by six molecules of ethylene oxide) ~O~ ~
i9 - Experiment No 4 - Cemulsol 860 ~alcohol oxo in C10 oxyethylated by six molecules of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 5 - Arquad 2C 50 (dimethyl dilauryl ammonium chloride) - Experiment No 6 - Noranium M2C (dimethyl dialkyl ammonium chloride) - Experiment No 7 - Hostapon TPHC (sodium salt of oleyl methyl taurine) - Experiment No 8 - Cemulsol DB 25/18 (alcohol in C16-C18 oxyethylated by 50 molecules of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 9 - Cemulsol BR extra (castor oil oxyethylated by 33 mole-cules of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 10 - Celanol PA 19 (Nonylphenol phosphate acid oxyethylated by 9 moles of ethylene oxide) - Experiment No 11 - Supragil WP (sodium isopropylnaphthalene sulphonate) Each of the mixtures obtained in this manner was applied by spray-ing onto the aerial regions of the plants in a determined plot using a pres-sure spray fitted with a straight-line-jet nozzle at a pressure of 3 bars, and a rate of 0.21 of paste per m , that is to say a quantity of 8g of ammon-ium persulphate per m .
The herbicidal activity, controlled by visual observation, in com-parison with untreated control plots, was recorded from 0 (no herbicidal ac-20 tivity) to 10 (complete herbicidal action) on respectively 1, 2 and 6 days after the treatment.
The results which were observed are recorded in the following table, in which the experiment marked "persulphate alone" was carried out by treating a plot with ammonium persulphate, without adding a surface-active agent, in the same quantity as for the other experiments (8 g/m2).
~, /~
Herbicidal activity . _ T + 1 day T + 2 days T + 6 days _.
Persulphate alone 0 4 4 Experiment No 1 5 6 7 Experiment No 2 6 7 8 Experiment No 3 4 5 7 Experiment No 4 5 6 7 Experiment No 5 5 6 8 Experiment No 6 4 5 7 Experiment No 7 4 5 7 Experiment No 8 5 6 7 Experiment No 9 5 6 7 Experiment No 10 4 6 7 Experiment No 11 4 6 _ 7 It will be noted from these results that the compositions which were used in experiments numbers 1 to 11 exhibited, in each of the samples taken, a herbicidal activity which is clearly superior to that of ammonium persul-phate used by itself, in the same quantity per m .
It will be particularly noted that in the case of experiments num-bers 1 to 11, this herbicidal activity evidences itself very rapidly since it is already very significant one day after the time when the chemical weeding treatment was carried out (activity noted from 4 to 6), while on the same date (T + 1 day), the ammonium persulphate used by itself did not show any herbi-cidal activity (notation 0).
It has also been verified for each of the experiments described above that the surface-active agent used by itself in the same quantity/m2 as in these experiments did not exercise any herbicidal activity.
Example 2 - Experiments in the open air on varied plant life l~Z'~
These experiments were carried out on different plots of land, each having an area of 1 m2, in which the following weeds were identified:
- Meadow clover ~Trifolium pratense L.) - Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) - Tall crowfoot (Ranunculus acer L.) - Knot grass (Polygonum aviculare L.) - Greater plantain (Plantago major L.) - Wild potentilla (Potentilla reptans L.) - Fever few (Matricaria inodora L.) - Polygonum persicaria (Polygonum persicaria L.) - Corn mint (Mentha arvensis L.) - Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) - Chickweed (Stellaria media) - Red archangel (Lamium purpureum L.) - Brome grass (Bromus mollis L.) - Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) - Dog's tooth grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) - Rye grass (Lolium perenne L.) - Fescue (Festuca pratensis ~luds.) - Meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) In these experiments numbered 12 and 13, a composition was used containing 98% by weight of ammonium persulphate and 2% of Aerosol OTB, as surface-active agent. By diluting with water, a mixture of the desired con-centration was prepared. The treatment was carried out according to the method previously described by spraying the mixture onto the aerial parts of the plants which were present in the plots.
The results were observed and recorded accoring to the same scale as before and are stated in the following table:
~1~2'769 Herbicidal activity Quantity of T + 2 days T + 6 days persulphate in g/m2 Experiment No 12 10 7 8 Experiment No 13 20 9 9 It is observed that herbicidal activity was exhibited on all the different weeds quoted above, which indicates the very wide range of herbici-dal activity of the active substance which was used.
Example 3 - Remanence experiment on bare soil This experiment was carried out by treating a mellowed soil, without any vegetation, by using a mixture prepared by diluting the same composition as in Example 2 with water and applying the resultant mixture at the rate of 15 g of ammonium persulphate per m2.
Immediately after the treatment, radishes of the variety "eighteen days", and carrots of the variety "improved and of medium length from Nantes"
are sown in the treated plots and in the untreated control plots.
One month after sowing, it is observed that there is no phytoxicity and moreover that the treated plots exhibit plants having a more developed vegetation than those of the control plots.
These results are explained by the fact that ammonium persulphate decomposes very rapidly at soil level ~very slight remanence) into ammonium sulphate which is a nitrogeneous fertiliser.
The previous Examples show the superior properties of the composi-tions according to the invention.
Surface-active agents which can be used in association with the active substance in the compositions according to the invention, and which are compatible with this active substance may be emulsifiers, dispersants or wet-ting agents, each of these capable of being ionic or non-ionic. Advantageously '7~
the surface-active agent is selected from among the following families of surface-active agents which can be used in agriculture:
- sulphosuccinates and particularly dialkyl esters of sodium sulphosuccinate such as sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate;
- ethoxylated alkyl phenols, and particularly addition products of octyl, nonyl or dodecyl phenol and ethylene oxide, such as nonyl phenyl with 6 mols of ethylene oxide;
- ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols and particularly C10 to C18 alcohols compris-ing from 5 to 60 mols of ethylene oxide;
-derivatives of quaternary ammonium and particularly tetra alkyl ammonium chlorides such as dimethyl dilauryl ammonium chloride or trimethyl alkyl ammonium chloride;
- taurates such as sodium N-methyl - N-oleyl taurate;
- phosphates such as nonylphenol phosphate acid with 9 mols of ethylene oxide;
- alkyl aryl sulphonates such as sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate; and - ethoxylated aliphatic acids such as ethoxylated castor oil.
These different families of surface-active agents are described for example in the work entitled "Mc Cutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers" Inter-national Edition - 1979 - Annual. C.
The surface-active agents mentioned in experiments numbers 1 to 11 from Example 1 may be mentioned as examples of surface-active agents which can be used according to the present invention. However, Aerosol OTB (mixture of sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate and sodium benzoate), Arquad 2C 50 (dimethyl dilauryl ammonium chloride), or Celanol DOS 75 (sodium di-octylsulphosuccinate) are preferably used as a surface-active agent.
Besides the active substance and the surface-active agent, the com-positions of the invention may contain a carrier as well as one or more addi-tives such as, for example penetration agents, protective colloids, adhesives _ 9 _ 7~i9 or thickening agents, anti-clumping agents, colorants, thixotropic agents, etc... as well as possibly other known active substances having pesticidal properties.
The term "carrier", in the present context designates a substance, which may be organic or mineral, natural or synthetic, with which the active substance is associated in order to facilitate its use on plants or its trans-port or manipulation. The carrier may be a solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, ammonium or sodium sulphates, resins, waxes, or solid fertilizers) or a liquid ~water, petroleum fractions, saturated chloro hydrocarbons, liqui-fied gas or liquid fertilizer).
The compositions according to the invention may be prepared in the form of water-soluble powders, wettable powders, solutions, emulsions,concen-trates in suspension or aerosols. Water-soluble powders are obtained by mix-ing from 20 to 99% by weight of active substance, from 0.5 to 5% of surface-active agent, and from 0 to 10% of an anti-clumping agent, with the balance comprising a water-soluble substance, principally a water-soluble salt such as an ammonium or sodium sulphate.
By way of example, a water-soluble powder according to the invention may be composed of the following (by weight):
- ammonium persulphate 97.6%
- Aerosol OTB 2.4%
Another example of a water-soluble powder of the invention is com-posed of the following substances by weight:
- ammonium persulphate 94.6%
- Aerosol OTB 2.4%
- anti-caking silica 3.0 The wettable powders usually comprise from 25 to 99% by weight of active substance and they generally contain, in addition to a solid carrier, ~2~9 from 1 to 5% of a wetting agent and/or other additives such as penetration agents, dispersants, adhesives, anti-clumping agents, colorants, etc.
There follows by way of example the composition by weight of a wet-table powder according to the invention:
- potassium persulphate 70%
- anionic wetting agent (Hostapon TPHC) 1%
- deflocculant agent (calcium lignosulphonate) 5%
- anti-caking silica 5%
10 - carrier (kaolin) 19%
The concentrates in suspension which can also be used in sprays are prepared by forming a stable liquid product which does not settle and they usually contain from 10 to 70% by weight of active substance, from 0.5 to 15%
by weight of surface-active agents, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of thixotropic agents, and from 0 to 10% by weight of suitable additives such as anti-foaming agents, corrosion inhibitors, penetration agents and adhesives, and as a vehi-cle, an organic liquid in which the active substance is slightly soluble or insoluble.
The compositions of the invention are preferably employed in the form of water-soluble powders containing from 80 to 99% by weight of potassium or ammonium persulphate, from 0.5 to 5% by weight of a surface-active agent which is compatible with the active substance, from 0 to 10% of an anti-caking agent, the possible remainder being constituted by a water-soluble substance.
In order to use the compositions mentioned above practically (i.e.
in the form of water-soluble powders or wettable powders, or solutions or emulsions, or concentrates in suspension, or aerosols) they are diluted advan-tageously with water to produce compositions wherein the active substance is in the form of an aqueous solution.
These compositions, which are included equally within the frame of the present invention, besides comprising the active substance and the surface-active agent of the invention, contain water as well as conventional additives such as corrosion inhibitors, stabilisers and colorants. They generally con-tain from 0.11 to 80% by weight of active substance.
The invention also relates to a process for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land, said process comprising applying a composition according to the invention onto the aerial parts of the plants which are to be eliminat-ed in these fields and cultivated areas.
The quantity of the active substance which is to be applied per m2 of land may vary according to the type of the vegetation to be eliminated and the method of application. Good results are obtained by applying from 5 to 20 g of alkali metal persulphate or ammonium persulphate per m of land.
The areas are treated advantageously by using a spray apparatus with a directional jet which allows the composition of the invention to be applied in a very localised manner on the area to be treated, and particularly on the weeds which are in this area, while carefully avoiding the composition from being applied outside this area.
The compositions of the invention are particularly suitable for chemically hoeing cultivated land which is set out in lines, such as orchards, vineyards, nurseries, garden plots, and ornamental gardens.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A herbicidal composition which may be used for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land, which comprises an effective quantity of at least one alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt of persulphuric acid as active substance, in association with a surface-active agent which is compatible with the active substance and is selected from the group compris-ing sulphosuccinates, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, quaternary ammonium derivatives, taurates, phosphates, alkyl aryl sulphonates and ethoxylated aliphatic acids, the surface active agent being present in an amount of 0.5 to 25% by weight based on the persulfate.
2. A composition according to claim 1, which contains a salt of the formula Me2S2O8 as active substance, wherein Me represents an ammonium radical or an alkali metal atom.
3. A composition according to claim 2, which contains ammonium persulphate as active substance.
4. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the surface-active agent is sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, or a mixture thereof with sodium benzoate.
5. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the surface-active agent is dimethyl-dilauryl-ammonium chloride.
6. A composition according to claim 1 in the form of a water-soluble powder containing from 20 to 99% by weight of active substance, from 0.5 to 5% of surface-active agent and from 0 to 10% of an anti-clumping agent.
7. A composition according to claim 1 in the form of a wettable powder, a solution, an emulsion, a concentrate in suspension or an aerosol.
8. A process for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated areas, which comprises applying onto the aerial parts of the plants which are to be eliminated from the fields and cultivated areas an effective amount of a com-position according to claim 1, 2 or 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7907465 | 1979-03-19 | ||
| FR7907465A FR2451713A1 (en) | 1979-03-19 | 1979-03-19 | HERBICIDE COMPOSITION FOR USE IN CHEMICAL HINKING OF SOILS AND CONTAINING AS ACTIVE SUBSTANCE AT LEAST ONE ALKALINE, ALKALINE EARTH OR AMMONIUM SALT OF PERSULFURIC ACID |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1142769A true CA1142769A (en) | 1983-03-15 |
Family
ID=9223528
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000347847A Expired CA1142769A (en) | 1979-03-19 | 1980-03-18 | Herbicidal composition for chemically hoeing fields and cultivated land |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55129212A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT366234B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE882317A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1142769A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH642232A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3010582A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK115980A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES489666A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2451713A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2047098B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR67196B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE49560B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT8048174A0 (en) |
| LU (1) | LU82268A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8001434A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT70962B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8002113L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA801257B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9002495D0 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1990-04-04 | Monsanto Europe Sa | Glyphosate compositions |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR622405A (en) * | 1926-10-01 | 1927-05-30 | Herbicide product | |
| JPS5273439A (en) * | 1975-12-16 | 1977-06-20 | Kikai Kouei Kk | Method of constructing passageway for lift |
-
1979
- 1979-03-19 FR FR7907465A patent/FR2451713A1/en active Pending
-
1980
- 1980-03-04 ZA ZA00801257A patent/ZA801257B/en unknown
- 1980-03-11 NL NL8001434A patent/NL8001434A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-03-14 IT IT8048174A patent/IT8048174A0/en unknown
- 1980-03-14 GB GB8008670A patent/GB2047098B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-17 PT PT70962A patent/PT70962B/en unknown
- 1980-03-17 GR GR61467A patent/GR67196B/el unknown
- 1980-03-18 LU LU82268A patent/LU82268A1/en unknown
- 1980-03-18 IE IE554/80A patent/IE49560B1/en unknown
- 1980-03-18 CA CA000347847A patent/CA1142769A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-18 JP JP3465780A patent/JPS55129212A/en active Pending
- 1980-03-18 ES ES489666A patent/ES489666A0/en active Granted
- 1980-03-18 DK DK115980A patent/DK115980A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-03-18 SE SE8002113A patent/SE8002113L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-03-19 DE DE3010582A patent/DE3010582A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-03-19 BE BE0/199863A patent/BE882317A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-03-19 CH CH216880A patent/CH642232A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-03-19 AT AT0149880A patent/AT366234B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL8001434A (en) | 1980-09-23 |
| DK115980A (en) | 1980-09-20 |
| ZA801257B (en) | 1981-10-28 |
| ATA149880A (en) | 1981-08-15 |
| IE49560B1 (en) | 1985-10-30 |
| ES8205524A1 (en) | 1982-02-16 |
| AT366234B (en) | 1982-03-25 |
| GR67196B (en) | 1981-06-24 |
| JPS55129212A (en) | 1980-10-06 |
| CH642232A5 (en) | 1984-04-13 |
| FR2451713A1 (en) | 1980-10-17 |
| BE882317A (en) | 1980-09-19 |
| PT70962A (en) | 1980-04-01 |
| IE800554L (en) | 1980-09-19 |
| IT8048174A0 (en) | 1980-03-14 |
| GB2047098B (en) | 1983-02-23 |
| PT70962B (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| ES489666A0 (en) | 1982-02-16 |
| LU82268A1 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
| SE8002113L (en) | 1980-09-20 |
| DE3010582A1 (en) | 1980-09-25 |
| GB2047098A (en) | 1980-11-26 |
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