CA1125457A - Aerosol preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

An aerosol preparation of water base character for providing a continuous film upon dispensing comprising a water phase and an active ingredient phase wherein the active ingredient is water insoluble and adapted for film or coating formation, a liquefied or compressed gas propellant, or combinations thereof, an auxiliary solvent for the propellant, and cocodiethanolamide within the range of 2.5 to 10% by weight of the preparation.

Description

~12S4S7 Heretofore, there have been innumerable, unsuccessful efforts to develop an aexosol emulsion for providing a continuous, uninterrupted film or coating, whether for decorative or protective purposes, such as with paints, various t~pes of finishes, lubricants, etc., wherein water constitutes the continuous or external phase. ~ith present day knowledge, oil-in-water emulsions have proved inadequate for such purpose as the same are productive of foams which may be basically of two types, that is, the conventional foams, such as, for producing shaving lather, and the sprayable foams used with window cleaners, starch sprays, bathtub cleaners, oven cleaners and the like. But such foams recognizedly are physically quite distinct from a consistent, unbroken film as the same are extremely porous with developed geometric structures determined by the surfactant used~ and are, hence, incapable of film formation.
Correspondingly, the water-in-oil aerosol emulsions wherein oil is the continuous phase and the water the dispersed phase, have proved equally unproductive of a thin, ~20 uninterrupted film with such being used to produce non-foaming sprays, such as, room deodorants and the like where a mist-like distribution within a space or volume is sought. Tllus, neither type of emulsion has been found amenable to aerosolization for the creation of a nonbroken coating upon the particular surface to be treated, and foremost with respect to water borne active ingredients.
The present accepted incapacity of aerosols to be useful with water based coating agents, such as, for example, latex paints, has been an especial problem of long standing. With present technology, aerosols that require a smooth finish or film on spr~ying, such as paints, silicone, or the like have utilized solvents other than water as the vehicle. Typical `, 1~2S457 of such solvents are hydrocarbons, such as aromatics, aliphatics, chlorinateds, fluorinateds and the li]ce, wherein, in most instances, the propellant is generally soluble in such solvents and may be considered chemically as part of the solvent ac~ive mixture. Thus, in effect, resort has necessarily been made to a single phase s~stem or solution wherein the active ingredient, such as an oil-based paint, is dissolved within a suitable solvent other than water, as particularly, within a wide range of compatible organic solvents. However, the utilization of such solvents or carriers has involved inherent peril factors, as for example, the high risk hazard in that aerosol paint is extremely flammable by reason o the incorporated solvent; and the majority of the commercially used and available solvents have low threshho~d limit values that are intensified by the atomization process of the selected aerosol. Furthermore, most of these solvents have undesired ecological consequences in bringing about a fuxther depletion of fossil fuel resources; as well as being uneconomic in light of the continual rise in cost therefor. Addit`ionally, these solvents consistently cause unpleasant and even obnoxious odors.
Accordingly, to the present time there has been no means or aerosolizing agents for providing an unbroken film wherein water is utilized as the solvent so that water-based paints, among other coating or finishing agents have had to be applied through means other than aerosols, since neither the utilization of emulsions or of single phase systems have proved efficacious.
Thera has, thereforet been a continuing effort to solve this problem as such would eliminate immediately the recognized and reluctantly accepted hazards of using aerosol systems ~ith respect to oil based paints, among others.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to l~Z5457 provide an aerosol pxeparation which is water based and is productive of an uninterrupted, continuous film and which eliminates all of the various hazards associated with the dispensing of aerosolized ingredients carried in the requisite or~anic solvents or vehicles.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a preparation of the charaCter stated which is capable of producing a continuous film from a broad spectrum of film and coating agents, such as water-base paints r lubricants, sealants r mold releases, protective coatings, waxes, and the like.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a preparation of the character stated which upon dispensing provides a continuous film as distinguished from the foams and sprays heretofore attained by aerosolization of emulsions which are nonproductive of corrosion; which are not fundamentally flammable or toxic 90 that circumscription as to usage is eliminated thereby presenting a breadth of application hitherto unknown in ~he aerosol field.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a preparation of the character stated which has a substantially indefinite shelf life; merely re~uiring a degree of agitation prior to each application regardless of the transpired interval between dispensing.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a preparation of the character stated which may be most economically produced; there being no necessity of complex instrumentation and equip~ent for formulation as the same may be accomplished in accordance with well known production techniques; and which may be charged to individual containers and subjected to the preerred propellant with presently, generally utilized equipment.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a 1~2S4S7 preparation of the type stated which is extremely effective in use, which has demonstrated a remarkable versatility in being adapted for acaommodating a most extensive range of varied film-producing agents so as to be endowed with a unique neo-universality, and which preparation may be most economically produced and soldt and with the films developed thereby being tenacious, durable, and proof against rupture, scuffing or the like through the normal intended usage peculiar to the particular film.
In one broad aspect, the invention comprehends an aerosol preparation which comprises a water insoluble active ingredient, a propellant selected from gaseous and liquid propellants, an auxiliary solvent compatible with said pro-pellant, and water and a dispersal agent consisting of coco-diethanolamide. The dispersal agent is present in amount by weight sufficient to cause the preparation to provide a continuous uninterrupted film. That aerosol preparation can be further characterized in that the cocodiethanolamide is present n the range of 2.5 to 10~ weight of the preparation.
The present invention contemplates the development of an aerosol preparation which through its unusual characteristics is both physically and chemically dlstlnct from the customary aerosol emulsions, as well as from the single phase solutions as heretofore used for film formation by oil based paints and the like. The system of the present preparation does embody generally immiscible phases, one of which may be considered a water phase, and the other an active ingredient phase, which i~ .

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. . .

il25457 phases are normally clearly defined, aharply distinct, and separated. The active:ingredient of the active ingredient phase is the agent to.be provided in film or coating form and.which phase also embodies a liquified propellant or compressed gas propellant,..together with:a conventional solvent suitable for controlling.the evaporation rate of the propellant.: However,. there is:also, and most critically, provided within~the active ingredient phase a predetermined quantity of what might be referred.to as a dispersal agent, 10. being soluble in both of said phases but in different degrees.
The preparation will thus in :its normal state be unhomogenized with the.two phases being sharply separated. The . , .
separation from a.visual standpoint might be likened unto "creaming" as such occurs in various types of emulsions.

When the preparation is.to be utilized, immediately ~.
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li25457 prior.to dispensing, the same is agitated and then substantially instantaneously dispensed, with the dispensed material being a transitory mixture. As applied the dispensed matter will present a continuous film upon the applied surface, :~
uninterrupted by any type of lacunae, pores or geometric formations so that a coating with desired thickness and entirely continuous is developed. As indicated, the present invention has been proved to.be fully successfuI with water based paints, as well as numerous other film producing agents, none of which have been heretofore discovered to be amenable to film distribution by.aerosolizatlon. Although the cons*ituents of the preparation will be discussed in greater detail below, attention is directed to the unique dispersal agent which is critical for.the development of aerosol preparations of this invention. It has been found that cocodiethanolamide*, which has been heretofore recognized as ; an emulsifier, possesses certain unexpected and surprising properties when used in a predetermined proportionality in the .two phase system of the present invention. It has been -discovered that providing cocodiethanolamide in an amount ~: approximating .5% by.weight of the system or preparation will react with the water phase and the active ingredient phase to *A preparation of.this compound which is fuIly effective for the purpose of this invention constitutes an amber liquid having a congealing point of approximately 6C. and with the specific gravity at 25C. of .99. The free or unreacted fatty acid, as lauric, 3% - 4% maximum and the pH 1% dispersion is between 8 and 9. This commercial compound is stated to possess solubility in alcohols, glycols, ketones, esters, aromatic and aliphatic carbons and chlorinated solvents, while also being dispersible in water at low concentrations of l to 2%. It is .stated-to become soluble at higher concentrations and with a 10% solution being quite.viscous approximating a gel.

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112545'7 bring about what is ~enerally considered an unstable emulsion, that is, wherein the phases tend to separate, but are capable of being brought into relative stability by agitation, and upon spraying the phases separate and revert to their constituent components whereby the active ingredient does not produce a continuous film but one which is hi~hlv irregular and interrupted, typical of the results obtained to the present time when water based solvents are utilized in aerosol form.
If the proportionality of the cocodiethanolamide is increased as within the range of immediately above .S~ to approximately 2.5% by weight, a resulting stable emulsion is developed and thus the cocodiethanolamide acts in the expected manner of an emulsifying agent, as in a water-in-oil emulsion, so that upon dispensing of such a preparation containing such proportionality, a discontinuous broken film is presented despite the fact that the emulsion is stable. In its generally normal state the emulsion gives a visual appearance of a homogeneous, pasty character, consistent with its being considered stable. ~hus the foregoing merely underscores that cocodiethanolamide as used in the aforesaid proportion with the active ingredients of the preparations of this invention, serves in its characteristic function as an emulsifying agent and with the resultant dispensant being e~pectedly of a character unlike a continuous ilm.
However, if the quantity of cocodiethanolamide is increased beyond 2.5%, as within the speciic range of 2.5 to 10~ by weight, the system loses its stability so that a separation immediately develops which, at first glance, would bear a seeming resemblance to the unstable emulsion incorporating a .5% by weight of said agent as above described. Despite any visual similarity between the phase separations of the unstable s ~1254S7 emulsion and the preparation incorporating in excess of 2.5~
by weight of cocodiethanolamide, such generally corresponding phases are quite different both chemically and ph~sically. It is suggested that the preparation with the greater quantity of cocodiethanolamide has become a dispersion, that is atypical of traditional technology having, as stated, the immiscibility of the two phases being sharply defined. Without any intention of limitation, the preparation herein will be referred to as a "dispersion" merely to facilitate exposition. The agitation prior to dispensation merely promotes a momentary intermixture so that upon discharge the dispersion characteristics control as distinguished from the emulsion characteristics which would be overriding if the cocodiethanolamide was 2 5% or below.
continuous film is promoted by the dispersion as distinguished from the discontinuous character of the dispensing of an emulsion.
As developed more fully hereinbelo~, the preferred effective xange of cocodiethanolamide for aerosol preparations of the present invention is 2.5 to 3.5~ by weight. However, research has demonstrated that additional amounts up to 10% by weight bring about no diminution in the character and ~uality of the developed film~ However, above 10% it has been discovered ~hat the applied coating develops an undesirable thickness of a generally lumpy character so that beyond such limit a continuous, unbroken film is no longer achievable.
This crucial, unexpected action caused by the cocodiethanolamide is all the more apparent when one recognizes that the use of emulsifying agents in emulsions cause a predictive response. It is recognized that there are numerous factors which contribute to the relative stabilit~ or instability of a particular emulsion but generally when the ~125457 emulsi~ier is below a predetermined proportionality the associated emulsion will be in an unstable state with the phases separated, As the emulsifier is added, the emulsion becomes relatively stable, with the phases intermixing to present a homogeneous appearance; and further addition of the ~mulsifier generally has no effect upon the stability of the emulsion.
But with the present invention the further addition of cocodiethanolamide beyond substantially 2,5% by weight of the system brings about a destruction of the erstwhile stability so that if a stable emulsion did exist, one would necessarily expect that the further addition o~ the cocodiethanolamide would be without effect, As pointed out, this unusual and surprisin~ action of this particular agent supports the view that the system is no longer an emulsion with all of the various accepted emulsion characteristics but becomes a dispersion, with the cocodiethanolamide manifestly ceasing to act as an emulsifying agent. Therefore, the crucialness of tllis agent to preparations formed in accordance with this disclosure is apparent, It should be fully understood that no other compound has been found to possess the requisite : properties despite extensive investigatory efforts.
Active ingredients pe~uliarly adapted for incorporation in aerosol preparations of the present invention are water insoluble and comprehend the active phase of water-base paints commonly referred to as latex paints, exemplary of which are acrylic emulsions, vinyl emulsions, vinyl copolymer acetate emulsions, al~yd emulsions and polyurethane emulsions; mold release and lubricating agents, as for instance, silicones, namely the alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorganosiloxanes;
lecithin and other soya or animal fat derivatives; stearates, , , ll~S4S'7 telefluoromers, as Teflon*; also synthetic lubricants, such as, butoxylated and ethoxylated glycols; as well as polvbutene used for transmission belt dressing, etc.; and various common greases, such as lithium stearate, calcium stearate, petrolatum, aluminum naphthenate, and the like for utilization as lubricant coatings; moreover, mineral seal oil, as both a penetrant and a lubxicant, as well as petroleum ~ased hydrocarbon oils and synthetic oils are amenable to incorporation in preparations of the present invention. A urther category of active ingredients would be constituted of the waxes, including animal waxes, such as beeswax and stearic acid; vegetable waxes, such as carnauba, bayberr~r and candelilla, as well as the various artificial or synthetic waxes as obtained from distillation of paraffin base petroleum. The foregoing enumerated types and examples of active ingredients for forming constituents of aerosol preparations of this invention is not meant to be exhaustive but merely indicative of the comprehensive range of compounds which by virtue of the uniqueness of this invention may now be aerosolized in water borne systems to provide a continuous film which was heretofore deemed impossible through such aerosolization. ~11 these compositions are of the type wherein the intended usage or purpose requires an unbroken coating.
Accordingly, the range of treatments is infinite when it is recognized that such preparations can provide lubrication, mold release, adhesives, sealants, water displacement sprays, wax coatings, polymeric finishes, such as for floors and like surfaces; inks and dyes; asphaltic undercoatings, polyurethane coatings and paints.

TEFLON is a trademark of E.I. DuPont De Nemours & Co., Inc.
for tetrafluoroethylene resins.

_g_ The -~articular propellants embodied in aerosol pre-parations of the present invention are of generally accepted types, that is liquefied, such as, hydrocarbons or halocarbons, as fluorocarbons, and blends of the same, or com~ressed gases.
The selection of the foregoing is dependent upon desired character-istics relating to evaporation rate, solubility, economics, pressure, and safety. The well known fluorocarbon 12 and fluoro-carbon 11~ are exemplary of halocarbon propellants equally use-ful. Generally the hydrocarbon propellants are liquefied petroleum gases, such as propane, butane and isobutane, such being more popular at the present time than the halocarbons due to the possible environmental effects thereof.

Also, compressed ~as propellants, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, and dimethyl ether ma~ be used with the same facility as with other aerosol preparations but with attention, of course, directed to such considerations as stability and pressure requirements for selection determination.
It is to be understood that the choice of propellant in the present invention is dictated by the same considerations 20 as in aeroso~ preparations generally and, thus, the precise propellant does not form a part o the present invention~
In order to appxopxiatel~ contxol the propexties of the selected propellant, a wide range of organic auxiliary solvents for the propellants are used, all as in accordance ~ith known technology. Such solvents are used to control the evaporation rate o~ the propellant, avoiding rupture of the finish applied, and which eva~oration rate may also be controlled by selecting a combination of solvents that will dry in time with the active ingredients. Included among such solvents are those which have heretofore been widely known in the aerosol field, ,~

,: -.

1~25457 such as aromatic hydrocarbons, examples of which are benzene, toluene, xylene, commercial solvents which flash at 100 and 150; aliphatics, and aliphatic petroleum naphthas, such as heptane, hexane, kerosene, lacauer diluent, napthol spirits, mi~eral seal oil, mineral spirits, odorless mineral spirits, deodorized kerosene, pentane, petroleum ether, Stoddard solvent, textile spirits, VM&P naphtha, isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, as well as mixtures and blends thereof.
Another general class of auxiliary solvents are the chlorinated hydrocarbons; among the more commonly used are carbon tetrachloride; 1,1,1-trichlorethane, methylene chloride, perchlorethylene, as well as various ketones including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl iso-amyl ketone, methyl n-amyl ketone, methyl heptyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, diactone alcohol, diethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, ethyl amyl ketone. In this last group there may be included various esters, all of which are fully effective but are not solvents of choice due to unpleasant odors. Among such are amyl acetate, iso-butyl acetate, m-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, octyl acetate, methyl amyl acetate, iso-propyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, n-prop~l acetate.
In addition to the foregoing, which is not meant to - suggest an exhaustive compilation of suitable auxiliary solvents, there may be included tetra hydrofuran and 2-nitro-propane. As indicated above, and as is implicit in the involved chemistry, the choice of solvent is made in accordance with well known considerations, such as, as indicated, evaporation rate control, compatibility ~lith the particular active ingredient, etc. Further, it is understoQd that such solvents may be intermixed or blended to produce a ` `` 1~25457 !

desired resultant characteristic. The blending of heptane and hexane is but illustrative in that a blend of the same would dry somewhat slowex than hexane alone but faster than heptane if used alone.
The choice of auxiliary solvent is dictated by the same general considerations as in the field of aerosols and, hence, the precise auxiliary solvent does not form a part of the present invention.
Aerosol preparations having the properties of the present invention have the following general formula wherein li~uefied propellants, namely the hydrocarbons and halocarbons are used:
PERCENT BY WEIGHT
ACTIVE IMGREDIENT ~pprox. .1% to 50%
PROPELL~NT Approx, 15% to 30 DISPE~SAL AGENT:
Cocodiethanolamide 2 t 5% to 10%
AUXILIARY SOLVENT 10~ to 25%
WATER Approx. 11% to 60%
In those preparations wherein compressed gas constitutes the propellant, the ~eneral formulation will be as follows:
PERCENT ~Y ~IGHT
ACTIVE INGRE~IEMT Approx. .1~ to Approx, 50%
PROPELL~NT 2% to 5%

DISPERSAL AGENT:
`~ Cocodiethanolamide 2.5~ to 10 - AUXILIARY SOLVENT 10% to 25%
WATER Approx. 30% to 73%
The application of these formulations will become more - intelligible as a study i5 made of specific formulae hereinbelow.

However, it will be observed that the range of cocodiethanolamide is quite defined, all as fully discussed hereinabove; and that the proportionality of the propellant and the auxiliary solvents therefore also fall within well acknowledged ranges. Solvents within an amount less than 10% bv weigllt have not demonstrated the capacity to act efficaciously ~ith the propellant and, similarly, levels above 25~ appear to have an adverse effect upon the action of the propellant and also increase the potential hazard of flammability. An appreciation of the relative length of ran~es with respect to the embodied water and the active ingredient may conceivably be more effectively understood when one considers these two components jointly 50 that the same in comhination will constitute, on average, roughly 60 or slightly more percent by weight of the entire system wherein liquefied propellants are utilized. In compressed gas s~stems the combined water and active ingredients may ~ointly constitute as much as ~5~ by weight of the system.
~XAr~PLE I
An aerosol preparation for providing a continuous paint coating may be formulated as follows:
PERCENT BY r`lEIGHT

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Latex Palnt 49.9%
;~ 20 ; PROPELLANT
~0~ Isobutane~ 20%
30% Propane DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 2.8 AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Isopara ~ drocarbon 16%
WATER 11.3%
The foregoing constitutes a general formulation useful with all of the well known water base paints. It will be observed that essentially 61,2~ by weight of the formula is comprised of the water and the water-base paint which provide the appropriate viscosity and hiding characteristics essential for a pleasing, continuous, uninterrupted finish. The 1125~57 isoparaffinic hydrocarbon is relatively odorless and flashes off at a temperature that will not ruptu,re the inish as evaporation occurs. One particular commercial preparation of this solvent is identified by the trademar]c ISOPAR L of Exxon Corporation. As indicated above, the isobutane-propane mixture provides a suitable pressure for dispensing but, manifestly, other propellants are equally effective, ~ucl- as fluorocarl~on 1 and combinations of fluorocarbons 12 and 114 and others.
Nevartheless this unique formulation will permit attaining an unbroken film which may have desired,thickness which has not been heretofore achieved in the field of aerosols.
EXP~LE_II (a) The following exemplifies the constitution of an aerosol preparation in accordance with the ~resent invention useful in the field of mold release:
P CENT BY WEIGHT

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Alkyl Polysiloxane 4 ~: PROPELLANT
~'so~utanet 20 30~ Propane DISPERSAL AGENT
- ~o'cô~le'~ano~amide 3%

AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Is~o~p-araffinic Hydrocarbon 20%
WATER 53%
, This formula exemplifies a paintable silicone mold release preparation wherein the active ingredient, altllougll constituting, seemingly, a small percentage of the formula, attains with the water present a continuous film for promoting ready mutual release of mold components. As a matter of interest the isoparaffinic hydrocarhon in this preparation may be of a type promoting a higher or faster evaporation rate and one commercial form thereof is identif.ied b~ the trademark ISOPAR C, being a product of Exxon Corporatlon.
As revelatory of the range of propellants and solvents which may be useful ~ith preparations of the present invention, a similar silicone mold release may incorporate the following constituents:
PF.RCENT ~Y WEIGHT
_ _. _ ____ ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Dl`m~etFlyi~Polysl~ioxane 2.5%

PROPELL~NT
Car~on Dloxide . 4 DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocod~ noLamide 3 Qo AUXILIARY SOLVENT
- Hexane 20 WATER 70.5~
In this particular formulation it is to be observed that the propellant is a compressed.gas, in this instance, carbon dioxide.
Thus, such is set forth to demonstrate the effi.ciency of the present pre~arations wherein either a liquefied propellant or compressed gas propellant is involved.
- E~MPLE II (h) The preceding example ets forth ormulae for release agents wherein silicone is the active ingredient. However, :. release agents utilizing other than silicone as the release agent may be equally prepared by this invention. Qne such ~ormula is as follows;
_ERCENT Y ~1EIGIIT

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Lecithin 2.5 PROPELLANT
D~lchlorodifluoromethane 20 DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanol~ lde 3 s 11254~i7 ,.
PERCENT BY WEIGHT
AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Mineral Spirits 15~
WATER 59.5%
Another exarnple of such preparation is -PEP~CENT BY WEIGI~T
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Lecithin 2.5%
PROPELL~NT
Difluoroethane 5.0%
DI5PERS~L AGENT
Coco~ir~EhA~c~ de 3 AllXILIARY SOLVENT
~hlorothene 15%
WATER 59.5%
PRESSURE DEPRESSANT
n-Butane 15%
The foregoing discloses the utilization of a pressure depressant, in this case, n-Butane, for brin~ing about a result-` ant pressure within the appropriate range in vie~ of the . normally excessi~e pressure of difluoroethane. Thus, the usual:hydrocarbons and halocarbons may be used in association with depressants where required.
-Z~ EXAMPLE I~I
The present invention i.s also productive o a silicone lubricant which ma~ be aerosolized and provide the ~esired . ~inish or filrn to the treated surface. An example o~ such .. ~ preparation is as ~ollows:
.,, P RCENT BY WEIGIIT
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Dimethyl Polysiloxane .1 PROPE~LANT
70% Isobutane/
30% Propane 20%
. 30 DISPERS~L AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 3%

. PE~CENT P~Y WEI~HT

AUXILIARY AGENT
~sopar~ ydrocarbon 20~
WATER 56.9%
Another related formula for providing a silicone film as for lubrication and as particularly for belt rejuvenation is as follows:
PERCENT BY I~EIGHT

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Dimethyl Polysiloxane 2Q~

PROPELLANT
Propane 15%
Dimethyl Ether 5 DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 2.5%

AUXILIARY SOLVRNT
Methylene Chloride 15.1 Kerosene 8.2 WATER 52,5~
This formulation is of interest as revealing the incorporation of a mixture of propellants namely, propane and dimethyl ether, as well as a mixture of auxiliary solvents namely, methylene chloride and kerosene, preferably deodorized, which are `. 20 ;~ productive of a desired drying time and avoidance of an ~ adverse odor.
:~ EXAMPLE IV
The formula of this example is merely illustrative o~
the proportionality of the components for bringing about a continuous film as used for a dressing upon belts of various types, such as transmissions and the like:
PERCENT BY I~IGHT
. ~
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Polybutene 10 PROPELLANT
70% Isobutane/ 20%
30% Propane ~lZ5457 PE~CENT BY ~TEIGIIT
DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodl~ianolamide 3 %
AUXILIARY SOLVENT
soparaffl~nic ~ydrocarbon 20%

~- WATER 47%
E~MPLE V
As developed hereinbelow, aerosol preparations produced in accordance with the present invention are also fully competent to provide a continuous film of grease to serve for lubricating a preselected surface, the provision of which further highlights the uni~ueness of this invention and the provision through aerosolization in water borne systems of a surface coating which had not been believed capable of accomplis~ment to the present time. A representative formula is as follows:
PERCENT BY ~IGHT

ACTIVE_INGREDIENT
~ Lit~ium Grease 10%

: PROPELLANT
~ 60% Fluorocarbon 12 ; 40~ Fluorocarbon 114 30 : 20 DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 3 su% Hexane 50% Heptane 10%
WATER 47%
E~AMPLE VI
As the above disclosure impliedl~ in~icates, the present invention is also adapted for dispensing a ~ater-displacement/

penetrant which will produce an unbroken ilm and an illustrative formulation for such purpose is as follows:
PERCENT BY I~EIG~T

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
~neral Seal Oil 10 ~lZS457 PEROE,NT BY WEIGIIT
_ _ ACTIVE INGREDIENT (continued) Colloidal Graphite Dispexsion 0.5%
Ethylene glycol monobut~l ether 1 PROPELLANT
~butane 20 DISPERSAL AGENT
Coco~lethanolamide 3 AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Odorless Mineral Spirits 10%
WATER 55.5 In the foregoing example, it will he seen that the active ingredient may have certain components mixed therein to endow the same with properties which serve a particular application and thus demonstrate the versatility of this invention.
EXAMPLE VII
Another preparation productive of this development is one whereby a wax may be aerosolized and thus expeditiously -and yet fully efficaciously provide the needed uninterrupted finish to the applied surface. The utilization of waxes for preserving and protecting various surfaces is indeed ~rell ~ recognized, being useful on surfaces of all character, whether :~ 20 metal, wood, leather or the like. One such formulation i9 as follows:
PERCENT BY WEIG~IT

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
~ Wax 5%

PROP ELLANT
70~ Iso~utane~ 20 30% Propane DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 2.5 AUXILIARY SOLVE:NT
Isoparaffinic Hydrocarhon 15~
WATER 57.5%
Further examples of the broad range of waxes ~hicl~ can be ~lZ5457 dispensed for film formation of this invention are outlined in an illustrative fashion hereinabove, Another type of preparation wherein wax constitutes the active ingredient as in a formulation referred to generically as leaf polish, is as follows:
PERCENT BY WEIGHT
-ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Carrla~b~ Wax Emulsion 50 PROPELLANT
Nitrous 6~ide 4 DISPE~S~L AGENT
CocodiethanoFr mide 3.5%

AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Acetone 12.5%
WATER 30%
This particular formula also exemplifies the utilization of the compressed gas propellant, nitrous oxide.
In studying the foregoing formulae it will be appreciated that there has been no indication of the inclusion o~ customary preservatives and anti-corrosion agentsi the use of which `~ would be pursuant to the usual considerations and in keeping with customary techniques.
'~ The formulations herewith suhmitted serve to demonstrate the broad range of active ingredients that may ~e incorporated ;~` in preparations of this invention for continuous film formation.
It is understood that all of the various propellants and auxiliary solvents set forth in the foregoing as examples are equally effective as are the corresponding components set forth in the specific examples which merely establish the effectiveness of the present invention for myriad purposes.
It is to be observed that in the majority of the foregoing formulations hydrocarbons and halocarbons are the propellants most widel~ used. Compressed gas propellants are, as shown, ., llZS4S7 fully useful with the present preparations but with the selectivity thereof being based upon usual considerations.
Effective levels for nitrogen have been found to be about 120psig (approximately 2%) and for carbon dioxide approximately 50 t 90 psig (rom approximately 2.5 to 5%). Nitrogen, although fully effective; has limited usage in view of the fact that the pressure requirements are too great for commercial-ly available containers. Carbon dioxide would be the propellant of choice if stability studies for each applicatlon would demonstrate the lack of formation of carbonic acid.
The production of aerosol preparations conforming to the present invention may be effected in most facile manners, all in accordance with known procedures; with all involved steps being undertaken under normal ambient conditions and thus obviating the necessity of environmentally controlled conditions.
One such procedure is; - the active ingredient phase is first prepared by incorporating the particular ingredient in the indicated proportion, together with the selected auxiliary solvent and the required amount of cocodiethanolamide.
As thus prepared, the active ingredient phase is subjected to agitation which is continued until a solution is formed. Tllen during continued agitation the prescribed quantity of wat~r is blended in and agitation is maintained to effect an intermixture of the phases. The ultimate dispensing container is then filled in accordance with present technology, with the intermixture which has been maintained in an agitated state to the point of filling. Substantially instantaneously upon discontinuance of the agitatlon, the water phase and the active ingredient phase will separate and remain in such separated state pending subse~uent agitation immediately ~ llZ54~i7 prior to dispensing. Thus, the procedure for developing any of the myriad formulations embodyin~ the present invention is accomplished in an economical manner, being fully suitable for high volume production, and all in accordance with common pra~tices so as to obviate expenditure for complex, costly equipment or the maintenance of close tolerance conditions.
Immediately prior to a proposed usage, the container for the particular preparation is manually agitated b~ the user which brings about a transitory mixture of the t~o phases being, in essence, a quick or most temporarv dispexsion in which state the discharge occurs. Upon discontinuing discharging the phases promptly separate into the normal, basically two phase condition and remain in such state pending subsequent discharge. Thus, the shelf life of aerosol preparations as developed herein is most extensive since the cyclic mi~ing and separation as developed through use and through non-use has no deleterious effect upon the ~, ingredients and the phases so that regardless of the passage of time the continuous film produced by this invention is assured.

" 1125457 SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE

In addition to the foregoing descriptions which were particularly directed to propellants constituted solely of liquid hydrocarbons, halocarbons and fluorocarbons or mixtures of the same,or solely of compressed gases, the present invention also includes and is operable with combinations of those liquid and compressed gases. Such combinations of the liquid and compressed gas types have been determined to be equally effective and are in many lnstances economy producing. Such effectiveness and operable characteristics are clearly established by the following additional experiments setting out further specific formulae.
Thus broadly, the invention additionally comprehends an aerosol preparation which comprises a water insoluble active ingredient, a propellant selected from the class consisting o~
liquefied hydrocarbons and halocarbons, compressed gases and combinations of liquefied and compressed gases, an auxiliary ~; 801vent compatible with the propellant, and water and a dis-persal agent consistingof cocodiethanolamide. ~he dispersal agent i5 present in an amount by weight sufficient to cause the preparation to provide a continuous uninterrupted film.
That aerosol preparation can also comprise a water in-~ soluble active ingredient, a propellant from the group consisting - of combinations of liquefied and compressed gases, an auxiliary organic solvent compatible with the propellant, water, and cocodiethanolamide within a range of 2.5 to 10% by weight of the preparation.

` liZ5457 Aerosol preparations having the properties of the present invention will have tl~e following general formula wherein a combination of compressed gases and liquefied propellants (viz:
hydrocarbons and halocarbons) is used:
PERCENT BY WEIGHT
ACTIVE INGREDIENT Approx. .1~ to Approx. 50 PROPELLANT:
Liquefied 2~ to 30~
Gaseous .1% to 5%

DISPERSAL AGENT:
Cocodiethanolamide 2.5~ to 10%
AUXILIARY SOLVENT - 10% to 25%
WATER Approx. 10% to 75~

A further formulation useful for providing a silicone film as a lubrication and wherein the propellant is a combination of liquefied and compressed gases, is as follows:
PERCENT BY WEIGHT
. ~
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Dimethyl Polysiloxane S%
,.
PROPELLANT

2 ~ Liquefied: propane 5%
Gaseous: carbon dioxide 1 DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 2.5 AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Isoparaffinic Hydrocarbon 20~

WATER 66.5%

Another formulation of a preparation whereby a wax may be aerosolized similar to EX~M~?LE VII is:

PERCENT BY WEIGHT

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Paraffin Wax S~

- llZ5457 PERCENT BY ~EIGHT
PROPELLANT
Liquefied: isobutane 5%
Gaseous: carbon dioxide 2%
DISP~RSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 2.5%
AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Mineral Spirits 20%
WATER 65.5%

The following further examples demonstrate the present invention:
EXAMPLE VIII
Another formulation demonstrative of the incorporation of a propellant comprised of a comhination of liquefied and compressed gasses, within the scope of the present invention, is as follows:
PERCENT BY I~EIGHT
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Ethoxylated Linear alcohol 2.5%
PRopELLANT
` Liquefied: propane 2.0~
: Gaseous: nitrogen .1%
: DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 3%
AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Mineral Spirits 20%
WATER 72.4%
~;
The foregoing formulation is exemplary of the adaptability of the present invention for use with detergents and cleaning agents as the above formula is particularly useful in cleaning the white : sidewalls of automotive tires.

EXAMPLE IX
The present invention has proved highly utilitarian for dispensing of weatherstrip caulking, thus demonstrating the remarkable versatility of this invention. The following formu-~ .

` ` 1125457 lation is illustratively typical:
PERCENT BY WEIGHT

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
Latex Filler 40%

PROPELLANT
Liquefied: Isobutane 30%
Gaseous: Nitrous Oxide 1%

DISPERSAL AGENT
Cocodiethanolamide 3%

AUXILIARY SOLVENT
Isoparaffinic Hydrocarbon 20%
WATER 11%

As pointed out hereinabove, the propellants useful in the present invention may be constituted of combinations of the lique-fied and compressed gas types which are equally effective and are in many instances economy-producing.

, ~:
,.~
: -~, ~ .
, ", - - ~ 26-

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1.

An aerosol preparation comprising a water insoluble active ingredient, a propellant selected from gaseous and liquid propellants, an auxiliary solvent compatible with said propellant, water and a dispersal agent consisting of cocodiethanolamide, said dispersal agent being present in amount by weight sufficient to cause said preparation to provide a continuous uninterrupted film.

2.

An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 1 and further characterized by said cocodiethanolamide being within the range of 2.5 to 10% weight of the preparation.

3.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 1 and further characterized by said propellant being from the class consisting of liquefied hydrocarbons and halocarbons and compressed gases.

4.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 1 and further characterized by said propellant being from the class consisting of liquefied hydrocarbons and halocarbons.

5.

An aerosol preparation comprising a water insoluble active ingredient, a propellant from the class consisting of liquefied hydrocarbons and halocarbons, an auxiliary organic solvent com-patible with said propellant, water and cocodiethanolamide within a range of 2.5 to 10% by weight of the preparation.

6.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 5 and further characterized wherein the propellant constitutes approximately 15% - 30% by weight of the preparation.

7.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 6 and further characterized by the auxiliary solvent constituting approximately 10% - 25% by weight of the preparation.

8.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 7 and further characterized by the active ingredient and the water jointly con-stituting approximately more than 50% by weight of the preparation.

9.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 5 and further characterized by the active ingredient being from the class con-sisting of the active phase of water-base paints, waxes, greases, polysiloxanes, alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorganosiloxanes, polybutene, petroleum based hydrocarbon oils, and synthetic oils and constituting between approximately .1% and 50% by weight of the preparation.

10.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 9 and further characterized by the water constituting approximately 11 to 60 of the preparation.

11.

An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 10 and further characterized by the auxiliary organic solvent constituting approximately 10% - 25% by weight of the preparation.

12.

An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion comprising the following:

13.

An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 5 wherein the organic auxiliary solvent is from the class consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatics, aliphatic petroleum napthas, isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mix-tures and blends of the same.

14.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 12 wherein the organic auxiliary solvent is from the class consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatics, aliphatic petroleum napthas, isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mix-tures and blends of the same.

15.

An aerosol preparation as defined in claims 12, 13 or 14 and further characterized by the active ingredient being from the class consisting of paints, waxes, greases, alkyl poly-siloxanes and polyorganosiloxanes, polybutene, petroleum based hydrocarbon oils, and synthetic oils.

16.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion comprising the following:

17.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 16 and further characterized by said compressed gas propellant being from the class consisting of nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and dimethyl ether.

18.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claims 16 or 17 and further characterized by said organic auxiliary solvent being from the class consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, ali-phatics, aliphatic petroleum napthas, isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mixtures and blends of the same.

19.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion for providing a continuous uninterrupted film upon an applied surface comprising a water phase and an active ingredient phase which are normally separate, there being a dispersal agent comprising coco-diethanolamide soluble in both phases, said dispersal agent being in an amount equal to 2.5 to 10% by weight of the preparation, said active ingredient phase comprising a water insoluble active ingredient in an amount approximately .1% to 50% by weight of the preparation, a compressed gas propellant in an amount 2% to 5%
by weight of the preparation, and an organic auxiliary solvent for said propellant in an amount 10% to 25% by weight of the preparation.
20.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion for providing a continuous uninterrupted film upon an applied surface comprising a water phase and an active ingredient phase which are normally separate, there being a dispersal agent comprising coco-diethanolamide soluble in both phases, said dispersal agent being in an amount equal to 2.5% to 10% by weight of the preparation, said active ingredient phase comprising a water insoluble active ingredient in an amount approximately .1% to 50% by weight of the preparation, a liquefied propellant in an amount approximately 5%
to 30% by weight of the preparation, and an organic auxiliary solvent for said propellant in an amount 10% to 25% by weight of the preparation.

21.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claims 19 or 20 and further characterized by said water phase and said active ingredient phase being miscible upon agitation to create a transitory dis-persion.

CLAIMS SUPPORTED BY THE SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE
22.
An aerosol preparation comprising a water insoluble active ingredient, a propellant selected from the class consisting of liquefied hydrocarbons and halocarbons, compressed gases, and combinations of liquefied and compressed gases, an auxiliary solvent compatible with said propellant, water and a dispersal agent consisting of cocodiethanolamide, said dispersal agent being present in an amount by weight sufficient to cause said preparation to provide a continuous uninterrupted film.

23.

An aerosol preparation comprising a water insoluble active ingredient, a propellant consisting of a combination of liquefied and compressed gases, an auxiliary organic solvent compatible with said propellant, water and cocodiethanolamide within a range of 2.5 to 10% by weight of the preparation.

24.
An aerosol preparation as defined in Claim 22 and further characterized wherein the propellant is selected from the group consisting of liquefied hydrocarbons and halocarbons, said pro-pellant constitutes approximately 5% - 30% by weight of the preparation.

25.
An aerosol preparation as defined in Claim 23 and further characterized by the active ingredient being from the class consisting of the active phase of water-base paints, waxes, greases, polysiloxanes, alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorgano-siloxanes, polybutene, petroleum based hydrocarbon oils, and synthetic oils and constituting between approximately .1% and 50% by weight of the preparation.

26.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 24 and further characterized by the active ingredient being from the class con-sisting of the active phase of water-base paints, waxes, greases, polysiloxanes, alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorganosiloxanes, polybutene, petroleum based hydrocarbon oils, and synthetic oils and constituting between approximately .1% and 50% by weight of the preparation.
27.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 25 and further characterized by the water constituting approximately 11 to 70%
of the preparation.
28.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 26 and further characterized by the water constituting approximately 11 to 70%
of the preparation.
29.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 27 or claim 2 and further characterized by the auxiliary organic solvent con-stituting approximately 10% - 25% by weight of the preparation.

30.

An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion comprising the following:
31.
An aerosol preparation as defined in Claim 30 wherein the organic auxiliary solvent is from the class consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatics, aliphatic petroleum napthas, isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mixtures and blends of the same.

32.

An aerosol preparation as defined in Claims 30 or 31 and further characterized by the active ingredient being from the class consisting of paints, waxes, greases, alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorganosiloxanes, polybutene, petroleum based hydrocarbon oils, and synthetic oils.

33.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion for providing a continuous uninterrupted film upon an applied surface comprising a water phase and an active ingredient phase which are normally separate, there being a dispersal agent comprising cocodiethanolamide soluble in both phases, said dispersal agent being in an amount equal to 2.5 to 10%
by weight of the preparation, said active ingredient phase comprising a water insoluble active ingredient in an amount approximately .1% to 50% by weight of the preparation, a pro-pellant selected from the group consisting of liquefied hydro-carbons and halocarbons, compressed gases and combinations of liquefied and compressed gases, and an organic auxiliary solvent for said propellant in an amount 10% to 25% by weight of the preparation.

34, An aerosol preparation as defined in Claim 33 and further characterized by the propellant being a compressed gas and being present in an amount approximately 2% to 5% by weight.

35.
An aerosol preparation as defined in Claim 33 and further characterized wherein the propellant is selected from the group consisting of liquefied hydrocarbons and halocarbons, said propellant being present in an amount approximately 5%
to 30% by weight.

36.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion as defined in Claims 33, 34 or 35 and further characterized by the water insoluble active ingredient being from the class consisting of paints, waxes, greases, alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorgano-siloxanes, polybutene, petroleum based hydrocarbon oils and synthetic oils.

37.
An aerosol preparation as defined in Claim 23 or Claim 25 and further characterized wherein the propellant constitutes approximately 2.1% - 35% by weight of the preparation.

38.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion comprising the following:
39.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 38 and further characterized by the gaseous component of said propellant being a compressed gas from the class consisting of nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and dimethyl ether.

40.
An aerosol preparation as defined in claim 3? and further characterized by said liquefied component of said propellant being from the class consisting of hydrocarbons or halocarbons or mixtures of the same.

41.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion for pro-viding a continuous uninterrupted film upon an applied surface comprising a water phase and an active ingredient phase which are normally separate, there being a dispersal agent comprising coco-diethanolamide soluble in both phases, said dispersal agent being in an amount equal to 2.5% to 10% by weight of the preparation, said active ingredient phase comprising a water insoluble active ingredient in an amount approximately .1% to 50% by weight of the preparation, a propellant comprised of a combination of liquefied and compressed gases in an amount approximately 2.1% to 35% by weight of the preparation, and an organic auxiliary solvent for said propellant in an amount 10% to 25% by weight of the preparation.
42.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion as defined in claim 38 and further characterized by the active in-gredient being from the class consisting of paints, waxes, greases, alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorganosiloxanes, polybutene, petroleum based hydrocarbon oils, and synthetic oils.

43.
An aerosol preparation in the form of a dispersion as defined in claims 40 or 42 wherein the organic auxiliary solvent is from the class consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatics, aliphatic petroleum napthas, isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mixtures and blends of the same.