CA1124073A - Method and apparatus for conserving energy in an air conditioning system - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for conserving energy in an air conditioning systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1124073A CA1124073A CA350,489A CA350489A CA1124073A CA 1124073 A CA1124073 A CA 1124073A CA 350489 A CA350489 A CA 350489A CA 1124073 A CA1124073 A CA 1124073A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- condenser
- liquid
- refrigerant
- conveying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000896693 Disa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and apparatus for conserving energy in the operation of a conventional air conditioning system in a large building employing a water cooled condenser, an evapor-ator, a chilled water circuit, and a refrigerant compressor or heat source in an absorption-type air conditioner wherein the compressor or heat source is not energized, the cooling tower is operated, and the water tubes in the evaporator and the water tubes in the condenser are connected to a heat ex-changer to effect heat exchange therebetween.
A method and apparatus for conserving energy in the operation of a conventional air conditioning system in a large building employing a water cooled condenser, an evapor-ator, a chilled water circuit, and a refrigerant compressor or heat source in an absorption-type air conditioner wherein the compressor or heat source is not energized, the cooling tower is operated, and the water tubes in the evaporator and the water tubes in the condenser are connected to a heat ex-changer to effect heat exchange therebetween.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATVS FOR CONSERVING
ENER5~ rN AN AI~ CONDI~IONING SYSl'EM
The pre~ent invention relates to a refrigeration and air condi~ioning system. In particular, the invention 5 relates to a method and apparatus for saving energy in the ~peration of a large building air conditioning sys~em.
In large multi-~tory buildings, air conditioning ey~tems are designed to promote year-round cooling. This ` ~haracteristic is essential to a cooling system designed f 10 for builings in ~hich the outer peripheral surfaces and ` areas are subject to w~de temperature gradients whereas the - inner portions remain relatively stable regardless of the ambient condition~.
Such an air conditioning s~stem must, in general, be operated during substantially the entire year to provide the neces~ary cooling and air circulation. During mild weather months o~ the year the system can be operated with-out the compressor where ambient conditions permit.
Both compxe~sion and absorption system~ are used 20 to cool large buildings. Absorption refrigeration systems ; are Pssentially vapor-compression syst~ms with the compressor ~ replaced by a thermally activated arrangement (heat source).
-~ ~he~e two air conditioning systems gener~lly use the same design of condenser ~nd evaporator. See the ~tandard Hand-25 ~, Seventh Edition, Theodore '~ Baumeister, Editor, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, New : York, page 1~-12.
Vario~s methods are disclosed in the art for mini-mizing the time it i~ n~ce~sary to run the compres60r. See, . i . , 'l .
~, .. . . .
for example, U.S. Patents 2,718,766; 3,191,396; 3,242,689; 3,412,569;
and 3~744,264.
~ hen the system is run without the compressor or heat source, significant amounts of energy are saved because the compressor or heat source consumes large amounts of energy when they are operating. Therefore, to reduce the amount of energy consumed by the air conditioning system in a building, it is desirable that the time during which the compressor or heat source is operated be minimized.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method of conserving energy in an air conditioning system having condenser means, evaporator means, cooling source means, cooling unit means, first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said - cooling unit means, second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling source means, means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means, and means for conveying reFrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, comprising:
; a. de-energizing said means for conveying regrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means; and ,~
b. circulating warm return water from said cooling unit means to said evaporator means and cooling said warm return water by effecting heat exchange with said cooling source means.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method and apparatus for saving energy in the operation of an air conditioning system wherein the compressor or heat source is not energized and the water tubes in the evaporator are connected to the water tubes in the condenser to - allow the water from the evaporator to flow directly into the water tubes of the condenser.
There is further provided in accordance with this invention a method and apparatus for conserving energy in the operation of a conventional air conditioning system in a large building employing a refrigerant evaporator, a water cooled refrigerant condenser, a refrigerant compressor, and a cooling - wherein the compressor is not energized~ the :
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condensPr and evaporator are flooded with refrigerant from a reservoir, and the refrigerant from the reservoir is cir-culated between the condenser and the evaporator while the cooling tower i5 in operation Also in accordance with the present invention there is provided a method and apparatus for conserving energy in the operatio~ of a conventional air conditioning system in a large bullding employing a water cooled condenser, an evaporator, a chilled water circuit, and a refrigerant compressor or heat source in an absorption-type air condi-: tioner wherein the compressor or heat source is not energized, the cooling tower is operated, and the water tubes in the . evaporator and the water tube~ in the condenser are connected to a heat exchanger to effect heat exchange therebetween.
15 Figure 1 is a schematic layout of the present in-vention;
Figure 2 is a schematic layout of another embodi-; ment of the present invention; and, Figure 3 is a schematic layout of a further embodi-ment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a schematic layout of the operation of the usuwa~l building air conditioning unit; and, Figure 5 is a partly-schematic, partly-detailed - view of portions of the conden~er and cooler embodying additional parts added to the usual buildlng air condition-ing unit essential to the operation of the process of the invention.
Referring now to Figure 1 t the numeral 10 designates a condenser o~ the usual building air conditioning unit which has a bundle of water tubes 11 running therethrough and which has an outlet pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it connects to the upper end of the cooling tower 13.
: The outlet pipe terminates in a series of holes along its : bottom edge which form a downward spray 14 in the cooling tower. The cooling tower 13 is a t~pical cooling tower which has air intake louvers (not shown~ in the walls 15 and a suction fan 16 which i5 operated by mo~or 17 which draws air ~ 2~ 3 upwardly through the spray 14 and out to th~ open air When valves 40 and 42 ar~ closed and valve 43 is open, as they would be when the compressor is operating, the water or other liquid thus cooled is pumped back through pipe 18, filter 30, pipe 18a, valve 32, pipe 18b, pump 19, and into condenser 10 through pipe 18c thereby completing the cycle Thus, the water, brine, or other liquid in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 is constantly cooled by the cooling tower so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through a compresqor 22 of conventional structure connecting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end of condenser 10 The comprsssor 22 is of u~ual and conventional construction and is not ~hown in detail. The words "cooler" and "evaporator"
as used herein both refer to 21.
- The cooler 21 is also connected to condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual and conventional construction through which th~ refrigerant 20 can pas~ in only one directi~n from condenser 10 into the cooler ~1. A bundle of chill water 20 tub~s 24 are mounted in the lower half of coolex 21 90 as to run its entire length. The chlll water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fill~ only the lower half of cooler 21.
~ The tubeg carrying t~e chilled water or brine leave - the cooler 21 through pipe 24a ~s indicated by the arrow 25 when valves 40 and 42 are closed and valves 44 and 43 are open, a~ they would be when the compr~sor 22 is opera~ingO
The chilled water then passes through valve 44 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room coollng units 26 equipped ~ith fans 27 driven by m~tor~ 28 in the direction indicated by the arrows. The chilled water i5 then returned by pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby com-- pleting the cycle.
In normal operation on a hot day in order to secure peak chilling of the water circulated from cooler 21 through - 35 pipes 24a, 24b, cooling units 26, and pipes 29 and 24, it is necessary to run compre3sor 22 to ~uild up pre~sure and con-dense the refrigerant vapors from the cooler or evaporator "
.
21 to liquify the vapors. The liquiied refrigerant 20 i~
then returned through float trap 23 to the cooler 21. During this cycle valves 40 and 42 are closed, valves 43 and 44 are opened, and the system is operating as a conventional air :~ 5 conditioning system for a building~ -The apparatus of the present invention includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air con-i ditioning system and its conventional components, pipes 31 and 32 which are controlled by valve 40 and connects pipe 24a with pipe 18c, water tubes 11, and condenser 10; pipes33 and 34 which are controlled by valve 42 and CQnneC~ pipe ; 18a with pipe 24b and cooling units 26, pipe 29, and cooling tubes 24; valves 43 and 44 which are closed when the system i8 operated in accordance with the present inv~n~ion, and valves 40 and 42 which are open when the system is operated in accordance with the invention. A filter 30 may be placed in line 18 if desired, In practicing the method of the inven~ion, the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill water pump 41 are set in : 20 operation after compressor 22 is turned off, valves 40 and . 42 are opened, valves 43 and 44 are closed, and pump 19 i5 turned off. The cooling cycle is then az follows:
Pump 41 forces warm return water from room cooling units 26 through tubes 24 and condenser 21, outwardly through -~ 25 pipe 24a and into pipe 31, through open valve 40 into pipes 32 and 18c. Water from pipe 32 flows outwardly through tube 11 and into pipe 12 and on to cooling tower 13~ Cool , - water fxom cooling tower 13 flows through pipe 18, filter 30, and into pipe 18a. Valve 43 is closed and therefore :~`` 30 prohibits fluids from passing therethrough. Water travels through pipe 18a, open ~alve 42, and into pipe 34. From pipe 34 cool wate~ travels onwardly through pipe 24b into room cooling units 26 and returns to pump 41 through pipe 29.
. Thus when ambient conditions permit, the water or other cooling medium is cooled by cooling tower and intro-duced dire~tly to the room cooling units 26, commingling with the water therein, Thus, the time during certain am-,;
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-bient condition~ when it is necessary to run the compressor to achieve thP desired temperature6 inside the building i~
minimized. Conventional automatic controls can be utilized to op~rate the sy~tem, or the system can be operated manually.
An alternate embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 2. In this embodiment a heat exchanger 50 is placed in cooling tower 13 and the water from the chill water circuit is directed through heat exchanger 50.
; Heat exchanger 50 may be an~ conventional heat ex-changer attached to the cooling tower 13 so that the major portions of all of the heat exchanger i8 beneath the liquid level within the cooling tower. In this embodiment of the present invention there is no interchange of water between the water tube~ of the condenaer and the water tubes of the evaporator.
Referring to Figure 2, the numeral 10 designates a conden~er of the u~ual building air conditioning unit which has a bundle of water tubes 11 run~ing therethrough and which has an outl~t pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it connects to the upper end of the cool-ing tower 13. The outlet pipe terminates in a ~eries of holes along it~ bottom edge which form a downward ~pray 14 in the cooling tower. The cooling tower 13 is a typical cooling tower which ha6 air intake louvers ~not shown) in th4 walls 15 and a ~uction fan 16 which is operated by motor 17 which draws air upwardl~ through the spray 14 and out to the open air. Natural draft cooling tower~ without fans ma~ also be utilized. The water thus cooled is pumped back through pipe 1~, pump 19, and into condenser 10 and tubes 11 through pipe 39, thereby completing the cycle.
Thus the water in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 i8 constantly cooled 80 a~ to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 pa6sing into cond~nser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through ~ compressor 22 of conventional struc-ture connecting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end ofcondenser 10. Th~ compres~or 22 i~ of u~ual and conventional con~truction and i9 not shown in detail.
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' ~-L?d~73 The cooler 21 i5 also connected to condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of u~ual and conventional construction through which the refrigerant 20 can pa~s in only one direc-tion from condenser 10 into the cooler 21. A bundle o, chill 5 water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 50 as to run its ~ntire length. The chill water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills onl~ the lower half of cooler 21.
The tubes 24 carrying the chilled water or brine leave the cooler 21 through pipe 24a, as indicated by the arrow, when valve Sl i5 closed and valve 52 is open, as they would be when the compressor 22 i5 operating. The chilled water then pas~e~ through valve 52 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room cooling units 26 equipped with fans 27 drive by motors 28 in the direction indi~ated by the arrows.
The chilled water is then returned by pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby completing the cycle.
In normal operation on a hot day in order to secure peak chilling of the water circulated from cooler 21 20 through pipes 24a, 24b, cooling units 26, and pip~s 29 and 24, it is nec~ssary to run compr~ssor 22 to build up pre~sure and condense the refrigerant vapors from the cooler or evaporator 21 to liquify the vapors The liquified refrig-erant 20 is then returned through float trap 23 to the cooler 210 During this cycle valve 51 is clo~ed, valve 52 i~ open, and the system is operating as a conventional air condition-ing system for a building The embodiment of th~ present invention shown in Figure 2 includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air oonditioning ~y~t~m and its conventional compo-nents, a heat exchanger 50 in cooling tower 13 and lines 55, 55a, and 56 which are controlled by valve 51 and connect line 24a with h~at exchanger 50. In practicing the method of the inv~ntion, the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill pump 41 and pump 19 are ~et in operation after compressor 22 is turned off, valve 50 i8 opened and valve 52 is closed.
The cooling cyclP is then aB follows:
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$~73 Pump 41 forces warm return water from room cool-ing units 26 through tubes 24 and condenzer 21, outwardly through pipe 24a and into pipe 55, through open valve 51 in-to pipe 55a and into heat exchanger 50. Water from hea~ ex-changer 50 ~lows outwardly through pipe 56 and into pipe 24b into room cooling unit~ 26 and returns to pump 41 through llne 29. Thus, when ambient conditions permit, the water or other cooling medium is cooled by the heat exchanger 50 in the cooling tower, thereby minimizing the time during certain 10 ambient conditions when it is neoessary to run the compressor to achieve the desired tempexatures inside the building.
A further embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 3. In this embodiment, a heat exchanger 50a i~ connected downstream to the cooling tower 13 and the water lS from the chill water circuit i~ directed through heat ex-changer 50a.
Heat exchanger 50a may be any conventional heat exchanger. For example, a 6hell and tube type heat exchanger - or a counter-flow type heat exchanger may be used. In this 20 embodiment of the present invention there is no interchange of water between the water tu~es of the condenser and the water tubes of the evaporator.
~eferring to Figure 3, the numeral 10 designates a condenser o the usual building air conditioning unit : 25 which has a bundle of water tube~ 11 running therethrough and which has an outlet pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it ~onnects to the upper end of the cooling tower 130 The outlet pipe terminate~ in a series of holes along lts ~ottom edge which form a downward spray 14 in the 30 cooling towerO The cooling tower 13 is a typical cooling tower which has air intak~ louver~ (not shown) in the walls " 15 and a suction an 16 which is operated by motor 17 which draws air upwardly through the spray 14 and out to th~ open air. Natural draft cooling towers without fans may also be 35 utilized. The water thus cooled i~ pumped back through pipe 18, heat exchanger 50a, pipe 18a, pump 19, and in~o condenser 10 and tubes 11 through pipe 3g, thereby completing the cycle.
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7~
If desired, conventional valves and piping could be in~talled to bypass heat exchanger 50a when the compressor i5 energiz-d and the heat exchanger is not being utilized.
Thus the water in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 5 is constantly cooled so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evapor-ator 21 through a compressor 22 of conventional structure con-necting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end of condenser 10. The compresssr 22 is of usual and conventional construc-10 tion and is not shown in detail~
The cooler 21 is also connected to condenser 10by a float trap 23 of usual and conventio~al construction through which the refrigerant 20 can pass in only one dir~c-tion from condenser 10 into cooler 21. A bundle of chill 15 water tubes 24 are mounted in ~he lowar half of cooler 21 so as to run its entire length. The chill water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21~
The tubes 24 carrying the chilled water or brine 20 leave the cooler 21 through pipe 24a, as indicated by the arrow, when valve 51 is closed and valve 52 is open, as they would be when the compressor 22 is operating, The chilled water then pa~ses through valve 52 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room cooling units 26 equipped with fans 25 27 drlven by motors 28 in the direc ion indicated by the arrows~ The chilled water is then returned bv pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby completing the cycle.
In normal operation on a hot day in order to 30 secure peak chilling of the water c;rculated from cooler 21 through pipes 24a, 24b, cooling units 26, and pipes 29 and 24, it is neces~ary to run compxessor 22 to build up pres~ure and condense the refrigerant vapoxs from the cooler or evaporator :~ 21 to li~uify the vapors. The liquified refrigerant 20 is 35 then re~urned through float trap 23 to the cooler 21, During this cycle valve 51 i~ closed, val~e 52 is open, and the ,.... ~
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sy~tem is operating as a conventional air conditioning system for a building.
The embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 3 includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air conditioning system and its conventional compon-ents, a heat exchanger 50a in cooling tower 13 and lines 55, 55a, and 56 which are controlled by valve 51 and connect line 24a with heat exchanger 50a. In practicing the method of the invention, the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill pump 41 and pump 19 are ~et in operation after compres~or 22 is turned off, valve 51 is opened and valve 52 is closed. The cooling cycle is then as follows:
Pump 41 forces warm return water from cooling uni~s 26 through tubes 24 and condenser 21, outwardly through pipe 24a and into pipe 55, through open valve 51 into pipe ~ 55a and into heat exchanger 50a Chilled room cooling unit ,! water from heat exchanger 50a flows outwardly through pipe 56 and into pipe 24b into room cooling units 25 and returns to pump 41 through line 29.
:~ 20 Cool~d or chilled water from cooling tower 13 flows from pipe 18 in.o heat exchanger 50a. Cooling tower - water from heat exchanger 50a flows outwardly through pipe ; 18a into pump 19 and pipe 39, and onward to the cooling tower.
:~ Thus, when ambient conditions permit, the room :25 cooling unit water or other cooling medium is cooled by the heat exchanger 50a through heat trangfer with cooling tower water, thereby minimizing the time during certain ambient . conditions when it i~ nece~sary to run the compre~sor to achieve the dQsired temperatures inside the building~
A~ is known to those skilled in the art, some ; air conditioning systems substitute a nozzle arrangement for : the float a~embly 23 whereby refrigerant i8 injected into a circuit of tube~ in the evaporator, rather than injecting the ;: refrigerant into the body of ~he evaporator s~ell. Vaporous .. s 3S refrigerant is removed from the tubes in the evaporator by :.the compressor 22. The chill water iB in turn injected lnto the body of the evaporator shell. The present invention i . ,.
, . .
., ., .
applicable to guch a nozzle arrangement a~ would be obviou3 ~o those skilled in the art.
Also, a~ is known to those skilled in the art, rather than u~ing a shell and tube arrangement, a tube-in-tube arrangement can be utilized to effect heat transferbetween the refrigerant and the water circuit. The present invention i~ applicable to such a tube-in-tube arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that any recognized source of cold water, or any other conventional cooling source, may be u~ed instead of the cooling tower 13 such as cold well water as is generally used in installations where it is available~ A cold well water source will increase the heat - transfer rate between the rerigerant 20 and the chill water and tube bundle 24 sufficiently to obtain the re~uired temper-ature of the chilled water.
Th~ embodiment~ of the inv2ntion would be applic-able to a compression-type air conditioning ~y~tem a~ shown in the drawings, or to an a~sorption-type air conditioning 29 ~y~tem (not shown) a~ is obvious to those skilled in the art. Replacement of the compressor 22 with a pump, an absorber, and a thermally acti~ated arrangement (heat source~
such as the ~ystem disclosed on p~ge 18-12 of the Standard would not alter the operation or apparatu~ of the inventi~n. A pump i8 u~ed in the absorp-tion ~y~tem to cir~ulate refrigerant betwesn the evaporator and the conden~er.
Reerring now to Figure 4, 10 is the conden er of .. the u~ual building air conditioning unit~ whi~h has a bundle of water tube~ 11 running thexethrough and which has an out-let pipe 12 running from the connection 12a (as shown in Figure 5~ to the roof 12b of the bu~lding where it ~onnects to the upper end of khe cooling tower 13 and it terminate~
;: in a ~eries of holes along its bottom edge orming a down-ward spray 14. The cooling tower 13 has air intake louvers (not shown) in its walls 15 and A suction fan 16 operated by - a motor 17 which draws the air upwardly through the ~pra~
, ' ' : , ;
~73 14 and out to the open air. The water thus cooled iB pumped back through pipe 18 and pump 19 into the bundle of water tubes 11 in the condenser 10 at 18a thereby completing this cycle.
In this way ~a~ shown in Figure 5) the water in water tubes 11 in the condenser 10 is constantly cooled so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through a compressor 22 of usual structure connecting one end of cooler 21 to the 10 adjoining end of condenser 10. The compressor 22 i5 of usual construction and not shown in detail. The words "cooler"
and "evaporator" as used herein both refer to 21.
The cooler 21 is also connected to the condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual construction through which 15 the condensed refrigerant can pass in only one direction from the condenser 10 into the cooler ~1~ A bundle of chill water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 so as to ; run its entire length and they are covered by refrigerant . 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21. These tubes .~ 20 24 carrying the chilled water leave the cooler 21 at 25a into : pipe~ 25 and pass in parallel through the room cooling units 26 e~uipped with fans 27 driven by motors 28 and returned by pipes 29 t~rough pump 41 and connectlon 29a into cool~r 21, thereby compieting the cycle.
; 25 An equalizer 30 controlled by valve 31 connects ;.~ the cooler 21 to the condenser 10 and may ~e used in the usual bu~lding air condition~ng system a~ de~ired.
The foregoing describes the usual structure as .~ found in he great majority of building air conditioniny units.
The operation o thi~ u8Ual building air condition-- ing unit during llght, ordinary, or heavy load conditions is generally the same. In order to secure sufficient chilling .,~ of the water circulated from the cooler 21 through pipe 25 and cooling units 26, it i8 nece~sary to run the compressor 35 22 to build up pressure and condense the refrigerant 20 vapors from the cooler 21 and thereby lî~uify said vapors so as to return the ~aporized refrigerant 20 in li~uid form , ,.. .
., ' , f~ ~ 3 through float trap 23 to the cooler 21 and by this continuous cycle constantly maintain the temperature in cooler 21 by vary-` ing the pressure in cooler 21.
In the present invention as shown in Figure 5, in addition to the usual or regular building air conditioningequipment as hereinbefore de~cribed, there is added a pump 53, a refrigerant reservoir 50, four valves 52, 55, 60 and 61, in addition to pipe~ connecting the pump to the condenser 10 and cooler or evaporator 21 to permit refrigerant to be pump-ed from cool~r 21 into condenser 10 by pump 53. The refrig-erant reser~oir 50 is used to supply additional amounts of refrigerant to flood the cooler and conde~ser when the com-pre~sor ls not operating~
Pump 53 is connected to condenser 10 and cooler ~ 15 21 by pipes 58 and 59, re~pect~vely, which in turn are ron-nected by valve 52 and by plpes 56 and 57, which in turn are connected by valve 55. Refrigerant reservoir 50 is connected : to pipe 58 by pipes 51 and 62, which in turn are connected - by valve 60, and reservoir 50 ls connected to p~pe 56 by pipes 54 and 63, which in turn are connected by valve 610 In carrying out the method of ~h~ invention as shown in Figure 5, the cooling tower fan 16, the condenser `. water pump 19, and the c~ill water pump 41 are all set into operation, the compre~or 22 is de-energized or turned off, .
: 25 and rerigeration is th~n as follow~:
.:
To flood condenser 10 and cooler 21 with re-! frigerant rom re~ervoir 50, valve 31 i~ opened, valve 55 is closed, valve ~0 is clo~ed, and valve~ 52 and 61 are opened.
Pump 53 is activated to pump refrigerant from resPrvoir 50 : 30 ~hro~gh line 54, valve 61, line 63, line 56, through pump 53, line 58, valve 52, ~nd line 59 into condenser 10. As : condeneer 10 fill~, refrigerant lows downw~rdly through line .. 30 and val~e 31 into cooler 21. Some refrigerant may flow ~ -, downwardly al~o through float trap 23. P~mp 53 continues .. ~ 35 to run until condenser 10 is approximately filled and water ub~5 11 and 24 are covered with liquld refrigerant. When this condition is reached, valve 61 i~ closed, valve 60 re-' mains closed, and valve 55 is spened. Pump 53 then continl7-ously circulates refrigerant from the bottom of cooler 21 upwardly to the top o condenser 10. Since the cooling tower fan and the condenser water pump 19 are in operation, the water tubes ll in condenser 10 are cooled by the cooling tower and thus cool the refrigerant 20 which is being circulated around tubes 11. As refrigerant 20 is circulated around tubes 11 and flows downwardly through line 30, it also cools tubes 24. Thus, water flowing through tubes 24 i5 cooled and travels to cooling units 26 to affect cooling of the building with-out operation of the compressor.
To r~turn the system to the normal ~ycle wherein : the compressor 22 is activated, the excess refrigerant in the . evaporator 21 and condenser lO must be returned to the reser-15 voir 50. To return the ~xcess refrigerant to reservoir 50, valves 52 and 61 are closed, valves 60, 55 and 31 are opened, and pump 53 is run until the desired amount of refrigerant is returned to the re~ervoir. Valves 60, 55 and 31 are then closed, valves 52 and 61 remain closed, compressor 22 is activated, and the system is then operating in the normal cycleO Conventional automatic controls can be utilized to operate the system, or the system can be operated manually~
` The invention provides an important adrantag~
when the system is b2ing repaired Reservoir 50 may be 25 utiliz~d to receive all of the refrigerant in the system prior to disa&~em~ly~
:. As is known to tho~e skilled in the art, some , air conditioning system~ su~stitute a nozæle arrangement for .~ the floa~ assembly 23 whereby rerigerant i5 in;acted into a circuit of tubes in the evaporator, rather than injeeting . the refrigerant into the ~ody of the evaporator shell~ Vapor-;: ous refrigerant is removed from the tubes in the evaporator by the compres~or 227 The chill water is in turn in~ected into the body of the evaporator shell. The present inv~ntion is applicable to such a nozzls arrangement as would b~ obvious s~ to those ~killed in the art.
Also, as is known to those skilled in the art, '' ' ,', rather than using a shell and tube arrangement, a tube-in-tube arrangement can be utilized to effect heat transfer between the refrigerant and the water circuit. The present invention is applicable to such a tllbe-in-tube arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that any recognized source of cold water, or any other conventional cooling source, may be used instead of the cooling tower 13 ~uch as cold well water as is generally used in installations where it is available. A cold well water source will increase the heat transfer rate between the refrigerant 20 and the chill water and tube bundle 24 sufficiently to obtain the re~uired temper-ature of the chilled water.
An equalizer tube 30, if not in the unit as in-stalled, must also be added with the shut-off valve 31 which must be closed when comprassor 22 is in use. This equalizer 30 will allow a free passage of the refrigerant 20 in the cooler 21 and the cond~nser 10 in in tallations where such brief passages otherwise are restricted.
Variations may ~e made in the proce~ and apparatus of the invention without d~parting from the scope and intent of the same and such var~ations are cov~red by the scope of the specification, draw}ngs, and clalms herain.
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ENER5~ rN AN AI~ CONDI~IONING SYSl'EM
The pre~ent invention relates to a refrigeration and air condi~ioning system. In particular, the invention 5 relates to a method and apparatus for saving energy in the ~peration of a large building air conditioning sys~em.
In large multi-~tory buildings, air conditioning ey~tems are designed to promote year-round cooling. This ` ~haracteristic is essential to a cooling system designed f 10 for builings in ~hich the outer peripheral surfaces and ` areas are subject to w~de temperature gradients whereas the - inner portions remain relatively stable regardless of the ambient condition~.
Such an air conditioning s~stem must, in general, be operated during substantially the entire year to provide the neces~ary cooling and air circulation. During mild weather months o~ the year the system can be operated with-out the compressor where ambient conditions permit.
Both compxe~sion and absorption system~ are used 20 to cool large buildings. Absorption refrigeration systems ; are Pssentially vapor-compression syst~ms with the compressor ~ replaced by a thermally activated arrangement (heat source).
-~ ~he~e two air conditioning systems gener~lly use the same design of condenser ~nd evaporator. See the ~tandard Hand-25 ~, Seventh Edition, Theodore '~ Baumeister, Editor, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, New : York, page 1~-12.
Vario~s methods are disclosed in the art for mini-mizing the time it i~ n~ce~sary to run the compres60r. See, . i . , 'l .
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for example, U.S. Patents 2,718,766; 3,191,396; 3,242,689; 3,412,569;
and 3~744,264.
~ hen the system is run without the compressor or heat source, significant amounts of energy are saved because the compressor or heat source consumes large amounts of energy when they are operating. Therefore, to reduce the amount of energy consumed by the air conditioning system in a building, it is desirable that the time during which the compressor or heat source is operated be minimized.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method of conserving energy in an air conditioning system having condenser means, evaporator means, cooling source means, cooling unit means, first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said - cooling unit means, second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling source means, means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means, and means for conveying reFrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, comprising:
; a. de-energizing said means for conveying regrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means; and ,~
b. circulating warm return water from said cooling unit means to said evaporator means and cooling said warm return water by effecting heat exchange with said cooling source means.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method and apparatus for saving energy in the operation of an air conditioning system wherein the compressor or heat source is not energized and the water tubes in the evaporator are connected to the water tubes in the condenser to - allow the water from the evaporator to flow directly into the water tubes of the condenser.
There is further provided in accordance with this invention a method and apparatus for conserving energy in the operation of a conventional air conditioning system in a large building employing a refrigerant evaporator, a water cooled refrigerant condenser, a refrigerant compressor, and a cooling - wherein the compressor is not energized~ the :
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condensPr and evaporator are flooded with refrigerant from a reservoir, and the refrigerant from the reservoir is cir-culated between the condenser and the evaporator while the cooling tower i5 in operation Also in accordance with the present invention there is provided a method and apparatus for conserving energy in the operatio~ of a conventional air conditioning system in a large bullding employing a water cooled condenser, an evaporator, a chilled water circuit, and a refrigerant compressor or heat source in an absorption-type air condi-: tioner wherein the compressor or heat source is not energized, the cooling tower is operated, and the water tubes in the . evaporator and the water tube~ in the condenser are connected to a heat exchanger to effect heat exchange therebetween.
15 Figure 1 is a schematic layout of the present in-vention;
Figure 2 is a schematic layout of another embodi-; ment of the present invention; and, Figure 3 is a schematic layout of a further embodi-ment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a schematic layout of the operation of the usuwa~l building air conditioning unit; and, Figure 5 is a partly-schematic, partly-detailed - view of portions of the conden~er and cooler embodying additional parts added to the usual buildlng air condition-ing unit essential to the operation of the process of the invention.
Referring now to Figure 1 t the numeral 10 designates a condenser o~ the usual building air conditioning unit which has a bundle of water tubes 11 running therethrough and which has an outlet pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it connects to the upper end of the cooling tower 13.
: The outlet pipe terminates in a series of holes along its : bottom edge which form a downward spray 14 in the cooling tower. The cooling tower 13 is a t~pical cooling tower which has air intake louvers (not shown~ in the walls 15 and a suction fan 16 which i5 operated by mo~or 17 which draws air ~ 2~ 3 upwardly through the spray 14 and out to th~ open air When valves 40 and 42 ar~ closed and valve 43 is open, as they would be when the compressor is operating, the water or other liquid thus cooled is pumped back through pipe 18, filter 30, pipe 18a, valve 32, pipe 18b, pump 19, and into condenser 10 through pipe 18c thereby completing the cycle Thus, the water, brine, or other liquid in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 is constantly cooled by the cooling tower so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through a compresqor 22 of conventional structure connecting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end of condenser 10 The comprsssor 22 is of u~ual and conventional construction and is not ~hown in detail. The words "cooler" and "evaporator"
as used herein both refer to 21.
- The cooler 21 is also connected to condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual and conventional construction through which th~ refrigerant 20 can pas~ in only one directi~n from condenser 10 into the cooler ~1. A bundle of chill water 20 tub~s 24 are mounted in the lower half of coolex 21 90 as to run its entire length. The chlll water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fill~ only the lower half of cooler 21.
~ The tubeg carrying t~e chilled water or brine leave - the cooler 21 through pipe 24a ~s indicated by the arrow 25 when valves 40 and 42 are closed and valves 44 and 43 are open, a~ they would be when the compr~sor 22 is opera~ingO
The chilled water then passes through valve 44 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room coollng units 26 equipped ~ith fans 27 driven by m~tor~ 28 in the direction indicated by the arrows. The chilled water i5 then returned by pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby com-- pleting the cycle.
In normal operation on a hot day in order to secure peak chilling of the water circulated from cooler 21 through - 35 pipes 24a, 24b, cooling units 26, and pipes 29 and 24, it is necessary to run compre3sor 22 to ~uild up pre~sure and con-dense the refrigerant vapors from the cooler or evaporator "
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21 to liquify the vapors. The liquiied refrigerant 20 i~
then returned through float trap 23 to the cooler 21. During this cycle valves 40 and 42 are closed, valves 43 and 44 are opened, and the system is operating as a conventional air :~ 5 conditioning system for a building~ -The apparatus of the present invention includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air con-i ditioning system and its conventional components, pipes 31 and 32 which are controlled by valve 40 and connects pipe 24a with pipe 18c, water tubes 11, and condenser 10; pipes33 and 34 which are controlled by valve 42 and CQnneC~ pipe ; 18a with pipe 24b and cooling units 26, pipe 29, and cooling tubes 24; valves 43 and 44 which are closed when the system i8 operated in accordance with the present inv~n~ion, and valves 40 and 42 which are open when the system is operated in accordance with the invention. A filter 30 may be placed in line 18 if desired, In practicing the method of the inven~ion, the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill water pump 41 are set in : 20 operation after compressor 22 is turned off, valves 40 and . 42 are opened, valves 43 and 44 are closed, and pump 19 i5 turned off. The cooling cycle is then az follows:
Pump 41 forces warm return water from room cooling units 26 through tubes 24 and condenser 21, outwardly through -~ 25 pipe 24a and into pipe 31, through open valve 40 into pipes 32 and 18c. Water from pipe 32 flows outwardly through tube 11 and into pipe 12 and on to cooling tower 13~ Cool , - water fxom cooling tower 13 flows through pipe 18, filter 30, and into pipe 18a. Valve 43 is closed and therefore :~`` 30 prohibits fluids from passing therethrough. Water travels through pipe 18a, open ~alve 42, and into pipe 34. From pipe 34 cool wate~ travels onwardly through pipe 24b into room cooling units 26 and returns to pump 41 through pipe 29.
. Thus when ambient conditions permit, the water or other cooling medium is cooled by cooling tower and intro-duced dire~tly to the room cooling units 26, commingling with the water therein, Thus, the time during certain am-,;
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-bient condition~ when it is necessary to run the compressor to achieve thP desired temperature6 inside the building i~
minimized. Conventional automatic controls can be utilized to op~rate the sy~tem, or the system can be operated manually.
An alternate embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 2. In this embodiment a heat exchanger 50 is placed in cooling tower 13 and the water from the chill water circuit is directed through heat exchanger 50.
; Heat exchanger 50 may be an~ conventional heat ex-changer attached to the cooling tower 13 so that the major portions of all of the heat exchanger i8 beneath the liquid level within the cooling tower. In this embodiment of the present invention there is no interchange of water between the water tube~ of the condenaer and the water tubes of the evaporator.
Referring to Figure 2, the numeral 10 designates a conden~er of the u~ual building air conditioning unit which has a bundle of water tubes 11 run~ing therethrough and which has an outl~t pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it connects to the upper end of the cool-ing tower 13. The outlet pipe terminates in a ~eries of holes along it~ bottom edge which form a downward ~pray 14 in the cooling tower. The cooling tower 13 is a typical cooling tower which ha6 air intake louvers ~not shown) in th4 walls 15 and a ~uction fan 16 which is operated by motor 17 which draws air upwardl~ through the spray 14 and out to the open air. Natural draft cooling tower~ without fans ma~ also be utilized. The water thus cooled is pumped back through pipe 1~, pump 19, and into condenser 10 and tubes 11 through pipe 39, thereby completing the cycle.
Thus the water in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 i8 constantly cooled 80 a~ to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 pa6sing into cond~nser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through ~ compressor 22 of conventional struc-ture connecting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end ofcondenser 10. Th~ compres~or 22 i~ of u~ual and conventional con~truction and i9 not shown in detail.
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' ~-L?d~73 The cooler 21 i5 also connected to condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of u~ual and conventional construction through which the refrigerant 20 can pa~s in only one direc-tion from condenser 10 into the cooler 21. A bundle o, chill 5 water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 50 as to run its ~ntire length. The chill water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills onl~ the lower half of cooler 21.
The tubes 24 carrying the chilled water or brine leave the cooler 21 through pipe 24a, as indicated by the arrow, when valve Sl i5 closed and valve 52 is open, as they would be when the compressor 22 i5 operating. The chilled water then pas~e~ through valve 52 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room cooling units 26 equipped with fans 27 drive by motors 28 in the direction indi~ated by the arrows.
The chilled water is then returned by pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby completing the cycle.
In normal operation on a hot day in order to secure peak chilling of the water circulated from cooler 21 20 through pipes 24a, 24b, cooling units 26, and pip~s 29 and 24, it is nec~ssary to run compr~ssor 22 to build up pre~sure and condense the refrigerant vapors from the cooler or evaporator 21 to liquify the vapors The liquified refrig-erant 20 is then returned through float trap 23 to the cooler 210 During this cycle valve 51 is clo~ed, valve 52 i~ open, and the system is operating as a conventional air condition-ing system for a building The embodiment of th~ present invention shown in Figure 2 includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air oonditioning ~y~t~m and its conventional compo-nents, a heat exchanger 50 in cooling tower 13 and lines 55, 55a, and 56 which are controlled by valve 51 and connect line 24a with h~at exchanger 50. In practicing the method of the inv~ntion, the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill pump 41 and pump 19 are ~et in operation after compressor 22 is turned off, valve 50 i8 opened and valve 52 is closed.
The cooling cyclP is then aB follows:
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$~73 Pump 41 forces warm return water from room cool-ing units 26 through tubes 24 and condenzer 21, outwardly through pipe 24a and into pipe 55, through open valve 51 in-to pipe 55a and into heat exchanger 50. Water from hea~ ex-changer 50 ~lows outwardly through pipe 56 and into pipe 24b into room cooling unit~ 26 and returns to pump 41 through llne 29. Thus, when ambient conditions permit, the water or other cooling medium is cooled by the heat exchanger 50 in the cooling tower, thereby minimizing the time during certain 10 ambient conditions when it is neoessary to run the compressor to achieve the desired tempexatures inside the building.
A further embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 3. In this embodiment, a heat exchanger 50a i~ connected downstream to the cooling tower 13 and the water lS from the chill water circuit i~ directed through heat ex-changer 50a.
Heat exchanger 50a may be any conventional heat exchanger. For example, a 6hell and tube type heat exchanger - or a counter-flow type heat exchanger may be used. In this 20 embodiment of the present invention there is no interchange of water between the water tu~es of the condenser and the water tubes of the evaporator.
~eferring to Figure 3, the numeral 10 designates a condenser o the usual building air conditioning unit : 25 which has a bundle of water tube~ 11 running therethrough and which has an outlet pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it ~onnects to the upper end of the cooling tower 130 The outlet pipe terminate~ in a series of holes along lts ~ottom edge which form a downward spray 14 in the 30 cooling towerO The cooling tower 13 is a typical cooling tower which has air intak~ louver~ (not shown) in the walls " 15 and a suction an 16 which is operated by motor 17 which draws air upwardly through the spray 14 and out to th~ open air. Natural draft cooling towers without fans may also be 35 utilized. The water thus cooled i~ pumped back through pipe 18, heat exchanger 50a, pipe 18a, pump 19, and in~o condenser 10 and tubes 11 through pipe 3g, thereby completing the cycle.
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If desired, conventional valves and piping could be in~talled to bypass heat exchanger 50a when the compressor i5 energiz-d and the heat exchanger is not being utilized.
Thus the water in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 5 is constantly cooled so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evapor-ator 21 through a compressor 22 of conventional structure con-necting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end of condenser 10. The compresssr 22 is of usual and conventional construc-10 tion and is not shown in detail~
The cooler 21 is also connected to condenser 10by a float trap 23 of usual and conventio~al construction through which the refrigerant 20 can pass in only one dir~c-tion from condenser 10 into cooler 21. A bundle of chill 15 water tubes 24 are mounted in ~he lowar half of cooler 21 so as to run its entire length. The chill water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21~
The tubes 24 carrying the chilled water or brine 20 leave the cooler 21 through pipe 24a, as indicated by the arrow, when valve 51 is closed and valve 52 is open, as they would be when the compressor 22 is operating, The chilled water then pa~ses through valve 52 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room cooling units 26 equipped with fans 25 27 drlven by motors 28 in the direc ion indicated by the arrows~ The chilled water is then returned bv pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby completing the cycle.
In normal operation on a hot day in order to 30 secure peak chilling of the water c;rculated from cooler 21 through pipes 24a, 24b, cooling units 26, and pipes 29 and 24, it is neces~ary to run compxessor 22 to build up pres~ure and condense the refrigerant vapoxs from the cooler or evaporator :~ 21 to li~uify the vapors. The liquified refrigerant 20 is 35 then re~urned through float trap 23 to the cooler 21, During this cycle valve 51 i~ closed, val~e 52 is open, and the ,.... ~
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sy~tem is operating as a conventional air conditioning system for a building.
The embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 3 includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air conditioning system and its conventional compon-ents, a heat exchanger 50a in cooling tower 13 and lines 55, 55a, and 56 which are controlled by valve 51 and connect line 24a with heat exchanger 50a. In practicing the method of the invention, the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill pump 41 and pump 19 are ~et in operation after compres~or 22 is turned off, valve 51 is opened and valve 52 is closed. The cooling cycle is then as follows:
Pump 41 forces warm return water from cooling uni~s 26 through tubes 24 and condenser 21, outwardly through pipe 24a and into pipe 55, through open valve 51 into pipe ~ 55a and into heat exchanger 50a Chilled room cooling unit ,! water from heat exchanger 50a flows outwardly through pipe 56 and into pipe 24b into room cooling units 25 and returns to pump 41 through line 29.
:~ 20 Cool~d or chilled water from cooling tower 13 flows from pipe 18 in.o heat exchanger 50a. Cooling tower - water from heat exchanger 50a flows outwardly through pipe ; 18a into pump 19 and pipe 39, and onward to the cooling tower.
:~ Thus, when ambient conditions permit, the room :25 cooling unit water or other cooling medium is cooled by the heat exchanger 50a through heat trangfer with cooling tower water, thereby minimizing the time during certain ambient . conditions when it i~ nece~sary to run the compre~sor to achieve the dQsired temperatures inside the building~
A~ is known to those skilled in the art, some ; air conditioning systems substitute a nozzle arrangement for : the float a~embly 23 whereby refrigerant i8 injected into a circuit of tube~ in the evaporator, rather than injecting the ;: refrigerant into the body of ~he evaporator s~ell. Vaporous .. s 3S refrigerant is removed from the tubes in the evaporator by :.the compressor 22. The chill water iB in turn injected lnto the body of the evaporator shell. The present invention i . ,.
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applicable to guch a nozzle arrangement a~ would be obviou3 ~o those skilled in the art.
Also, a~ is known to those skilled in the art, rather than u~ing a shell and tube arrangement, a tube-in-tube arrangement can be utilized to effect heat transferbetween the refrigerant and the water circuit. The present invention i~ applicable to such a tube-in-tube arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that any recognized source of cold water, or any other conventional cooling source, may be u~ed instead of the cooling tower 13 such as cold well water as is generally used in installations where it is available~ A cold well water source will increase the heat - transfer rate between the rerigerant 20 and the chill water and tube bundle 24 sufficiently to obtain the re~uired temper-ature of the chilled water.
Th~ embodiment~ of the inv2ntion would be applic-able to a compression-type air conditioning ~y~tem a~ shown in the drawings, or to an a~sorption-type air conditioning 29 ~y~tem (not shown) a~ is obvious to those skilled in the art. Replacement of the compressor 22 with a pump, an absorber, and a thermally acti~ated arrangement (heat source~
such as the ~ystem disclosed on p~ge 18-12 of the Standard would not alter the operation or apparatu~ of the inventi~n. A pump i8 u~ed in the absorp-tion ~y~tem to cir~ulate refrigerant betwesn the evaporator and the conden~er.
Reerring now to Figure 4, 10 is the conden er of .. the u~ual building air conditioning unit~ whi~h has a bundle of water tube~ 11 running thexethrough and which has an out-let pipe 12 running from the connection 12a (as shown in Figure 5~ to the roof 12b of the bu~lding where it ~onnects to the upper end of khe cooling tower 13 and it terminate~
;: in a ~eries of holes along its bottom edge orming a down-ward spray 14. The cooling tower 13 has air intake louvers (not shown) in its walls 15 and A suction fan 16 operated by - a motor 17 which draws the air upwardly through the ~pra~
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~73 14 and out to the open air. The water thus cooled iB pumped back through pipe 18 and pump 19 into the bundle of water tubes 11 in the condenser 10 at 18a thereby completing this cycle.
In this way ~a~ shown in Figure 5) the water in water tubes 11 in the condenser 10 is constantly cooled so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through a compressor 22 of usual structure connecting one end of cooler 21 to the 10 adjoining end of condenser 10. The compressor 22 i5 of usual construction and not shown in detail. The words "cooler"
and "evaporator" as used herein both refer to 21.
The cooler 21 is also connected to the condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual construction through which 15 the condensed refrigerant can pass in only one direction from the condenser 10 into the cooler ~1~ A bundle of chill water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 so as to ; run its entire length and they are covered by refrigerant . 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21. These tubes .~ 20 24 carrying the chilled water leave the cooler 21 at 25a into : pipe~ 25 and pass in parallel through the room cooling units 26 e~uipped with fans 27 driven by motors 28 and returned by pipes 29 t~rough pump 41 and connectlon 29a into cool~r 21, thereby compieting the cycle.
; 25 An equalizer 30 controlled by valve 31 connects ;.~ the cooler 21 to the condenser 10 and may ~e used in the usual bu~lding air condition~ng system a~ de~ired.
The foregoing describes the usual structure as .~ found in he great majority of building air conditioniny units.
The operation o thi~ u8Ual building air condition-- ing unit during llght, ordinary, or heavy load conditions is generally the same. In order to secure sufficient chilling .,~ of the water circulated from the cooler 21 through pipe 25 and cooling units 26, it i8 nece~sary to run the compressor 35 22 to build up pressure and condense the refrigerant 20 vapors from the cooler 21 and thereby lî~uify said vapors so as to return the ~aporized refrigerant 20 in li~uid form , ,.. .
., ' , f~ ~ 3 through float trap 23 to the cooler 21 and by this continuous cycle constantly maintain the temperature in cooler 21 by vary-` ing the pressure in cooler 21.
In the present invention as shown in Figure 5, in addition to the usual or regular building air conditioningequipment as hereinbefore de~cribed, there is added a pump 53, a refrigerant reservoir 50, four valves 52, 55, 60 and 61, in addition to pipe~ connecting the pump to the condenser 10 and cooler or evaporator 21 to permit refrigerant to be pump-ed from cool~r 21 into condenser 10 by pump 53. The refrig-erant reser~oir 50 is used to supply additional amounts of refrigerant to flood the cooler and conde~ser when the com-pre~sor ls not operating~
Pump 53 is connected to condenser 10 and cooler ~ 15 21 by pipes 58 and 59, re~pect~vely, which in turn are ron-nected by valve 52 and by plpes 56 and 57, which in turn are connected by valve 55. Refrigerant reservoir 50 is connected : to pipe 58 by pipes 51 and 62, which in turn are connected - by valve 60, and reservoir 50 ls connected to p~pe 56 by pipes 54 and 63, which in turn are connected by valve 610 In carrying out the method of ~h~ invention as shown in Figure 5, the cooling tower fan 16, the condenser `. water pump 19, and the c~ill water pump 41 are all set into operation, the compre~or 22 is de-energized or turned off, .
: 25 and rerigeration is th~n as follow~:
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To flood condenser 10 and cooler 21 with re-! frigerant rom re~ervoir 50, valve 31 i~ opened, valve 55 is closed, valve ~0 is clo~ed, and valve~ 52 and 61 are opened.
Pump 53 is activated to pump refrigerant from resPrvoir 50 : 30 ~hro~gh line 54, valve 61, line 63, line 56, through pump 53, line 58, valve 52, ~nd line 59 into condenser 10. As : condeneer 10 fill~, refrigerant lows downw~rdly through line .. 30 and val~e 31 into cooler 21. Some refrigerant may flow ~ -, downwardly al~o through float trap 23. P~mp 53 continues .. ~ 35 to run until condenser 10 is approximately filled and water ub~5 11 and 24 are covered with liquld refrigerant. When this condition is reached, valve 61 i~ closed, valve 60 re-' mains closed, and valve 55 is spened. Pump 53 then continl7-ously circulates refrigerant from the bottom of cooler 21 upwardly to the top o condenser 10. Since the cooling tower fan and the condenser water pump 19 are in operation, the water tubes ll in condenser 10 are cooled by the cooling tower and thus cool the refrigerant 20 which is being circulated around tubes 11. As refrigerant 20 is circulated around tubes 11 and flows downwardly through line 30, it also cools tubes 24. Thus, water flowing through tubes 24 i5 cooled and travels to cooling units 26 to affect cooling of the building with-out operation of the compressor.
To r~turn the system to the normal ~ycle wherein : the compressor 22 is activated, the excess refrigerant in the . evaporator 21 and condenser lO must be returned to the reser-15 voir 50. To return the ~xcess refrigerant to reservoir 50, valves 52 and 61 are closed, valves 60, 55 and 31 are opened, and pump 53 is run until the desired amount of refrigerant is returned to the re~ervoir. Valves 60, 55 and 31 are then closed, valves 52 and 61 remain closed, compressor 22 is activated, and the system is then operating in the normal cycleO Conventional automatic controls can be utilized to operate the system, or the system can be operated manually~
` The invention provides an important adrantag~
when the system is b2ing repaired Reservoir 50 may be 25 utiliz~d to receive all of the refrigerant in the system prior to disa&~em~ly~
:. As is known to tho~e skilled in the art, some , air conditioning system~ su~stitute a nozæle arrangement for .~ the floa~ assembly 23 whereby rerigerant i5 in;acted into a circuit of tubes in the evaporator, rather than injeeting . the refrigerant into the ~ody of the evaporator shell~ Vapor-;: ous refrigerant is removed from the tubes in the evaporator by the compres~or 227 The chill water is in turn in~ected into the body of the evaporator shell. The present inv~ntion is applicable to such a nozzls arrangement as would b~ obvious s~ to those ~killed in the art.
Also, as is known to those skilled in the art, '' ' ,', rather than using a shell and tube arrangement, a tube-in-tube arrangement can be utilized to effect heat transfer between the refrigerant and the water circuit. The present invention is applicable to such a tllbe-in-tube arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that any recognized source of cold water, or any other conventional cooling source, may be used instead of the cooling tower 13 ~uch as cold well water as is generally used in installations where it is available. A cold well water source will increase the heat transfer rate between the refrigerant 20 and the chill water and tube bundle 24 sufficiently to obtain the re~uired temper-ature of the chilled water.
An equalizer tube 30, if not in the unit as in-stalled, must also be added with the shut-off valve 31 which must be closed when comprassor 22 is in use. This equalizer 30 will allow a free passage of the refrigerant 20 in the cooler 21 and the cond~nser 10 in in tallations where such brief passages otherwise are restricted.
Variations may ~e made in the proce~ and apparatus of the invention without d~parting from the scope and intent of the same and such var~ations are cov~red by the scope of the specification, draw}ngs, and clalms herain.
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Claims (37)
1. A method of conserving energy in an air conditioning system having condenser means, evaporator means, cooling source means, cooling unit means, first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means, second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling source means, means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means, and means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, comprising:
a. de-energizing said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, and b. circulating warm return water from said cooling unit means to said evaporator means and cooling said warm return water by effecting heat exchange with said cooling source means.
a. de-energizing said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, and b. circulating warm return water from said cooling unit means to said evaporator means and cooling said warm return water by effecting heat exchange with said cooling source means.
2. A method of conserving energy in an air conditioning system having condenser means, evaporator means, cooling tower means, cooling unit means, first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means, second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means, means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means, and means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, comprising:
a. de-energizing said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. connecting said first liquid circuit means to said second liquid circuit means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means and said liquids in said second liquid circuit means to commingle and flow through said first and said second liquid circuit means; and, c. circulating said liquids in said first liquid circuit means and said second liquid circuit means through said first and said second liquid circuit means.
a. de-energizing said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. connecting said first liquid circuit means to said second liquid circuit means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means and said liquids in said second liquid circuit means to commingle and flow through said first and said second liquid circuit means; and, c. circulating said liquids in said first liquid circuit means and said second liquid circuit means through said first and said second liquid circuit means.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said means for con-veying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said conden-ser means comprises compressor means.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises pump means.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein said means for connecting said first liquid circuit means to said second liquid circuit means comprises pipe means and valve means.
6. A method for conserving energy in an air condi-tioning system having condenser means, evaporator means, cooling tower means, cooling unit means, first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and cooling unit means, second liquid circuit means for cir-culating liquids between said condenser means and said cool-ing tower means, means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means, means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, and heat exchanger means located in said cooling tower means, comprising:
a. de-energizing said means for conveying refrig-erant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. connecting said first liquid circuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means; and, c. circulating said liquids in said first liquid circuit means through said heat exchanger means.
a. de-energizing said means for conveying refrig-erant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. connecting said first liquid circuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means; and, c. circulating said liquids in said first liquid circuit means through said heat exchanger means.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said con-denser means comprises compressor means.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein said means for con-veying refrigerant from said evaporator means to Raid condens-er means comprises pump means.
9. A method for conserving energy in an air condi-tioning system having condenser means, evaporator means, cooling tower means, cooling unit means, first liquid cir-cuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and cooling unit means, second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means, means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means, means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means, and heat exchanger means, comprising:
a. de-energizing said means for conveying re-frigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. connecting said first liquid circuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means;
c. connecting said second liquid circuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said second liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means; and, d. circulating said liquids in said first and second liquid circuit means through said heat exchanger means.
a. de-energizing said means for conveying re-frigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. connecting said first liquid circuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means;
c. connecting said second liquid circuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said second liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means; and, d. circulating said liquids in said first and second liquid circuit means through said heat exchanger means.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said con-denser means comprises compressor means.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises pump means.
12. A method for conserving energy in an air condi-tioning system having condenser means, evaporator means, cooling source means, cooling unit means, first liquid cir-cuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means, second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling source means, means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means, and means for conveying vaporous refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprising:
a. de-energizing said means for conveying vapor-ous refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. substantially filling said condenser means and said evaporator means with liquid refrigerant;
c. circulating said liquid refrigerant between said evaporator means and said condenser means; and, d. circulating liquids through said second liquid circuit means to transfer heat from said condenser means.
a. de-energizing said means for conveying vapor-ous refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
b. substantially filling said condenser means and said evaporator means with liquid refrigerant;
c. circulating said liquid refrigerant between said evaporator means and said condenser means; and, d. circulating liquids through said second liquid circuit means to transfer heat from said condenser means.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said cooling source means comprises cooling tower means.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein said cooling source means comprises cooling tower means.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises compressor means.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein said means for circulating refrigerant between said evaporator means and said condenser means comprises pump means.
17. An air conditioning system comprising:
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means;
c. cooling tower means;
d. cooling unit means;
e. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
f. means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
g. first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
h. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means;
i. means for connecting said first liquid cir-cuit means to said second liquid circuit means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means and said liquids in said second liquid circuit means to commingle and flow through said first and said second liquid circuit means.
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means;
c. cooling tower means;
d. cooling unit means;
e. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
f. means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
g. first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
h. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means;
i. means for connecting said first liquid cir-cuit means to said second liquid circuit means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means and said liquids in said second liquid circuit means to commingle and flow through said first and said second liquid circuit means.
18. The air conditioning system of claim 17, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises compressor means.
19. The air conditioning system of claim 17, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises pump means.
20. The air conditioning system of claim 17, wherein said means for connecting said first liquid circuit means to said second liquid circuit means comprises pipe means and valve means.
21. The air conditioning system of claim 17, wherein said first liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partial-ly contained in said evaporator means and in said cooling unit means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adapted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means, said liquid medium being heated in said cooling unit means and cooled in said evaporator means.
22. The air conditioning system of claim 21, wherein said second liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partial-ly contained in said condenser means and in said cooling tower means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adapted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled between said condenser means and said cooling tower means, said liquid medium being cooled in said cooling tower means and heated in said condenser means.
23. An air conditioning system comprising:
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means, c. cooling tower means;
d. cooling unit mean ;
e. heat exchanger means located in said cooling tower means;
f. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
g. means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
h. first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
i. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means; and, j. means for connecting said first liquid cir-cuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means.
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means, c. cooling tower means;
d. cooling unit mean ;
e. heat exchanger means located in said cooling tower means;
f. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
g. means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
h. first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
i. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means; and, j. means for connecting said first liquid cir-cuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means.
24. The air conditioning system of claim 23, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises compressor means.
25. The air conditioning system of claim 23, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises pump means.
26. The air conditioning system of claim 23, wherein said means for connecting said heat exchanger means to said first liquid circuit means comprises pipe means and valve means.
27. The air conditioning system of claim 23, wherein said first liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partial-ly contained in said evaporator means and in said cooling unit means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adapted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means, said liquid medium being heated in said cooling unit means and cooled in said evaporator means.
28. The air conditioning system of claim 27, wherein said second liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partial-ly contained in said condenser means and in cooling tower means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adapted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled between said condenser means and said cooling tower means, said liquid medium being cooled in said cooling tower means and heated in said condenser means.
29. An air conditioning system comprising:
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means;
c. cooling tower means;
d. cooling unit means;
e. heat exchanger means;
f. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
g. means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser mean ;
h. first liquid circuit means fox circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
i. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means;
j. means for connecting said first liquid cir-cuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and cir-culated through said heat exchanger means; and, k. means for connecting said second liquid cir-cuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said second circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means to effect heat exchange between the liquids in said first and second liquid circuit means.
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means;
c. cooling tower means;
d. cooling unit means;
e. heat exchanger means;
f. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
g. means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser mean ;
h. first liquid circuit means fox circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
i. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling tower means;
j. means for connecting said first liquid cir-cuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said first liquid circuit means to be conveyed to and cir-culated through said heat exchanger means; and, k. means for connecting said second liquid cir-cuit means to said heat exchanger means to permit said liquids in said second circuit means to be conveyed to and circulated through said heat exchanger means to effect heat exchange between the liquids in said first and second liquid circuit means.
30. The air conditioning system of claim 29, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises compressor means.
31. The air conditioning system of claim 29, wherein said means for conveying refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means comprises pump means.
32. The air conditioning system of claim 29, wherein said means for connecting said heat exchanger means to said first liquid circuit means and said second liquid circuit means comprises pipe means and valve means.
33. The air conditioning system of claim 29, wherein said first liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partial-ly contained in said evaporator means and in said cooling unit means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adapted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled be-tween said evaporator means and said cooling unit means, said liquid medium being heated in said cooling unit means and cooled in said evaporator means.
34. The air conditioning system of claim 33, wherein said second liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partial-ly contained in said condenser means in cooling tower means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adap-ted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled between said condenser means and said cooling tower means, said liquid medium being cooled in said cooling tower means and heated in said condenser means.
35. An air conditioning system comprising:
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means;
c. cooling source means;
d. compressor means for conveying vaporous refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
e. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
f, first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
g. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling source means;
h. reservoir means for containing refrigerant;
i. means for transferring liquid refrigerant from said reservoir means to said condenser means and said evaporator means to fill both said condenser means and said evaporator means with liquid refrigerant; and, j. pump means for circulating said liquid refrig-erant between said condenser means and said evaporator means after said condenser means and said evaporator means have been filled.
a. condenser means;
b. evaporator means;
c. cooling source means;
d. compressor means for conveying vaporous refrigerant from said evaporator means to said condenser means;
e. means for conveying liquid refrigerant from said condenser means to said evaporator means;
f, first liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means;
g. second liquid circuit means for circulating liquids between said condenser means and said cooling source means;
h. reservoir means for containing refrigerant;
i. means for transferring liquid refrigerant from said reservoir means to said condenser means and said evaporator means to fill both said condenser means and said evaporator means with liquid refrigerant; and, j. pump means for circulating said liquid refrig-erant between said condenser means and said evaporator means after said condenser means and said evaporator means have been filled.
36. The air conditioning system of claim 35, wherein said first liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partially contained in said evaporator means and in said cooling unit means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adapted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled between said evaporator means and said cooling unit means, said liquid medium being heated in said cooling unit means and cooled in said evaporator means.
37. The air conditioning system of claim 36, wherein said second liquid circuit means comprises pipe means partial-ly contained in said condenser means and in said cooling tower means located in the area to be cooled, said pipe means being adapted for conveying a liquid medium to be cooled between said condenser means and said cooling tower means, said liquid medium being heated in said cooling tower means and cooled in said condenser means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA350,489A CA1124073A (en) | 1980-04-23 | 1980-04-23 | Method and apparatus for conserving energy in an air conditioning system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA350,489A CA1124073A (en) | 1980-04-23 | 1980-04-23 | Method and apparatus for conserving energy in an air conditioning system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1124073A true CA1124073A (en) | 1982-05-25 |
Family
ID=4116764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA350,489A Expired CA1124073A (en) | 1980-04-23 | 1980-04-23 | Method and apparatus for conserving energy in an air conditioning system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1124073A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-04-23 CA CA350,489A patent/CA1124073A/en not_active Expired
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