CA1122243A - Wheel disk for road vehicles - Google Patents
Wheel disk for road vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1122243A CA1122243A CA000330895A CA330895A CA1122243A CA 1122243 A CA1122243 A CA 1122243A CA 000330895 A CA000330895 A CA 000330895A CA 330895 A CA330895 A CA 330895A CA 1122243 A CA1122243 A CA 1122243A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- diameter
- value
- wheel disk
- disk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
- B60B3/002—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body characterised by the shape of the disc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
- B60B3/04—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE :
In a wheel disk for road vehicles, the points A, B
and C are determined in radial direction as a function of the standardized diameter D4 of the rim 2 and of the diameter D
of the circle along which there are provided in the disk 1 the holes 3 which serve for the passage of the elements for attachment to the hub (not shown) against which the disk 1 rests via its first face S1.
In a wheel disk for road vehicles, the points A, B
and C are determined in radial direction as a function of the standardized diameter D4 of the rim 2 and of the diameter D
of the circle along which there are provided in the disk 1 the holes 3 which serve for the passage of the elements for attachment to the hub (not shown) against which the disk 1 rests via its first face S1.
Description
~12~243 The object of the present invention is an improved wheel disk for automotive vehicles and especially for utility vehicles. In particular it relates to the shape to be given to a wheel disk in order to impart to it a minimum thickness at each point and an optimum resistance to fatigue. The invention makes it possible to decrease the weight of the disk to the utmost while retarding the appearance of cracks in the zone oE the disk closc to the hu~.
The known disks, which are of constant thickness, have needless and expensive excess thicknesses in certain regions; it has therefore been attempted to lighten them by varying their thickness; this variation may reach 70~. However, in order to avoid ruptures in the zone close to the hub, the thickness of the disk is increased in said zone and, for reasons of manufacture, in the other zones of the disk, although to a lesser extent; this results in an increase in the weight to the detriment of a saving of material and energy.
The invention applies to metal or other wheels whose disk has a curved generating profile, the thickness of which is variable by at least 20~.
In accordance with the broad concept of the present invention, there is provided and claimed herein a wheel disk with a generating curve profile, the thickness of which is variable by at least 20~, having four successive zones; the first zone being a substantially flat central hub attachment zone having a standardized diameter of attachment D and termina-ting at an outside diameter D ; the second zone being of concave curvature and extending from said first zone and terminating at an outside diameter D2; the third zone being of convex curvature and extending from said second zone and terminating at an out-side diameter D3; the fourth zone being a peripheral zone and extending from said third zone and connectable to a rim with a -- 1 -- ~
1~22~3 standardized nominal diameter D4. This wheel disk is characterized by the fact that (a) the value of the diameterD2 is less than a value m which is a function of the diameter D and which is given by the formula m (D) = 103,710 U - 342,050 u6 + 444,880 U
- 290,390 U4 + 99,506 U3 - 16,712 u2 + 1,279.2 U + 2~1.91 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters;
and (b) the axial length d of the second zone is at least equal to 0.289 (D2 ~ Dl).
The accompanying drawing is a profile or meridian cross-section of the upper half of a wheel disk made according to the invention.
The meridian cross-section of this type of wheel disk 1 is composed of four successive zones: a central attach-; ment zone Zl~ substantially flat, extending away from the axis X-X', intended to cooperate with the hub of the vehicle and which stops at the point A; a zone Z2 whose average curvature ls relatively high, referred to by definition as positive or concave, this zone Z2 extending from the point A to the point B; a zone Z3 of a negative or convex curvature which - la -1~22~3 stops at the point C; a peripheral zone Z4, which may or may not be cylindrical and in which the connection to the rim 2 takes place. In order to determine the zone Z2' the point B
is defined as being the first point, starting from the axis, where the curvature becomes negative.
The shape of this type of disk which forms the object of the invention will be described with reference to one of its faces, called the first face Sl: the second face S2 is obtained from the first face Sl by the calculation of the variable thickness of the disk at each point of a meridian cross section. By definition, the first face Sl is that which is on the side of the zone Z2 with respect t~ the median plane of the zone Zl; it is this first face Sl whi~ch is generally applied against the hub (not shown) by attachment elements passing through holes 3, at least on the rear wheels of trucks in the case of the mounting of twin wheels. In the drawing, this first face Sl is on the left side.
Standards define the following diameters, measured from the axis X-X' of the wheel :
- the standardized diameter of attachment D, which is the diameter of the cylinder on which there are arranged the geometrical axes of the mechanical elements for the attachment of the wheel (IS0/DIS 4107; DIN 74361), and - the standardized nominal diameter D4 of the rim 2 (TRA STANDARD).
In accordance with the present invention, a wheel disk 1 with a curved generating profile, the thickness of which is variable by at least 20 %, is characterized by the fact that the value of the outside diameter D2 of the zone Z2 defined above isless than aval~e m which is a function of the diameter D defined above and which is given by the formula :
Z2~3 m(D) = 103,710 U7 - 342,050 IJ6 + 444,880 U5 -- 290,390 U + 99, 506 J 16,712 U
+ 1,279.2 U + 281.91 with U = (D-205 ~/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters, and by the fact that the axial length d of the zone Z2 ~ that is to say the projection of its generating curve AB on the axis X-X' of the wheel, is at least equal to 0.289 (D2-Dl ) in which Dl is the outside diameter of the zone Zl defined above.
In a preferred variant of the invention, the improved wheel disk 1 is characterized by the fact that the value of the B outside diameter ~1 f the zone Zl is less than a value ~ ~
which is a function of the diameter D given by the formula :
(D) = 56,722 U7 - 181,150 U6 + 226,700 U5 - 141,660 U4 + 46,435 U3 -7,501.2 U2 + 667.51 U + 264.97 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters.
In another preferred variant of the invention, the improved wheel disk is characterized by the fact that the value of the outside diameter D3 of the zone Z3 defined above being less than a value b which is a function of the diameter D4 defined above given by the formula :
b (D4) = 17,549 X -- 63,951 X6 + 89,945 x5 -- 61,771 x4 + 21,850 x3 - 3,955 X2 + 527.37 x 365.45 with x = (D4-419.1)/203.2, in which D4 is expressed in milli-meters, the product of the average curvature of the zone Z3 times the diameter D is greater (in absolute value) than a value g which is a function of the diameter D given by the following formula, this average curvature being convex on the side of the first face Sl defined above of the disk :
g (D) = - 5,319.7 U + 18,307 U6 - 25,047 U5 + 17,346 U4 il222~3 -6,361.8 U3 + ~,152.5 u2 - 77.16 U + 1.2352 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters.
Finally, in a particular case, the zone Z2 could be reduced to a straight line generating a cylinder or even reduced to a point generatin~ a circle of the diameter Dl = D~;
in this latter case, the points A and B would then merge in the drawing.
Two embodiments of the invention will now be describ-ed, by way of illustration and not of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawing :
1st Example: A wheel having a diameter D of 335 mm and a diameter D4 of 571. 5 mm (22, 5" ) has the following charac-teristics :
- diameter Dl less than 397.2 mm, for instance 393 mm - diameter D2 less than 427.0 mm, for instance 419 mm - diameter D3 less than 514.5 mm, for instance 498 mm - value of d greater than 7.5, for instance 13 mm - radius of curvature R of the zone Z3 1~ss than 251.9 mm, for instance 70 mm.
2nd Example: A wheel having a diameter D of 225 rnm and a diameter D4 of 444.5 mm (17.5") has the following characteristics:
- diameter Dl less than 290.2 mm, for instanc~ 290 mm - diameter D2 less than 317 .6 mm, for instance 317.5mm - diameter D3 less than 399.7 mm, for instance ~99 mm - value of d greater than 7.9 mm, for instance 11.2 mm.
On the wheel disks described above, the decrease of the stresses in the attachment zone Zl makes it possible to reduce considerably the thickness of the disk while retaining the same fatigue strength measured in accordance with the known tests run on a testing drum with cambered wheels and by tests l~ZZ2~3 on vehicles.
In other words, an improved wheel disk in accordance - with the present invention may have a thickness which is con-siderably less than that of a known disk all other things being equal, that is to say with the same loads, the same material, the same vehicle, etc., therefore, the invention results in a very great reduction in weight and cost.
Of c~ourse the symmetry of revolution of the disks which was implicit in all of the foregoing ~ay be destroyed in any known manner by holes or any machining intended for aesthetic or technical purposes, without thereby going beyond the scope of the present invention.
The known disks, which are of constant thickness, have needless and expensive excess thicknesses in certain regions; it has therefore been attempted to lighten them by varying their thickness; this variation may reach 70~. However, in order to avoid ruptures in the zone close to the hub, the thickness of the disk is increased in said zone and, for reasons of manufacture, in the other zones of the disk, although to a lesser extent; this results in an increase in the weight to the detriment of a saving of material and energy.
The invention applies to metal or other wheels whose disk has a curved generating profile, the thickness of which is variable by at least 20~.
In accordance with the broad concept of the present invention, there is provided and claimed herein a wheel disk with a generating curve profile, the thickness of which is variable by at least 20~, having four successive zones; the first zone being a substantially flat central hub attachment zone having a standardized diameter of attachment D and termina-ting at an outside diameter D ; the second zone being of concave curvature and extending from said first zone and terminating at an outside diameter D2; the third zone being of convex curvature and extending from said second zone and terminating at an out-side diameter D3; the fourth zone being a peripheral zone and extending from said third zone and connectable to a rim with a -- 1 -- ~
1~22~3 standardized nominal diameter D4. This wheel disk is characterized by the fact that (a) the value of the diameterD2 is less than a value m which is a function of the diameter D and which is given by the formula m (D) = 103,710 U - 342,050 u6 + 444,880 U
- 290,390 U4 + 99,506 U3 - 16,712 u2 + 1,279.2 U + 2~1.91 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters;
and (b) the axial length d of the second zone is at least equal to 0.289 (D2 ~ Dl).
The accompanying drawing is a profile or meridian cross-section of the upper half of a wheel disk made according to the invention.
The meridian cross-section of this type of wheel disk 1 is composed of four successive zones: a central attach-; ment zone Zl~ substantially flat, extending away from the axis X-X', intended to cooperate with the hub of the vehicle and which stops at the point A; a zone Z2 whose average curvature ls relatively high, referred to by definition as positive or concave, this zone Z2 extending from the point A to the point B; a zone Z3 of a negative or convex curvature which - la -1~22~3 stops at the point C; a peripheral zone Z4, which may or may not be cylindrical and in which the connection to the rim 2 takes place. In order to determine the zone Z2' the point B
is defined as being the first point, starting from the axis, where the curvature becomes negative.
The shape of this type of disk which forms the object of the invention will be described with reference to one of its faces, called the first face Sl: the second face S2 is obtained from the first face Sl by the calculation of the variable thickness of the disk at each point of a meridian cross section. By definition, the first face Sl is that which is on the side of the zone Z2 with respect t~ the median plane of the zone Zl; it is this first face Sl whi~ch is generally applied against the hub (not shown) by attachment elements passing through holes 3, at least on the rear wheels of trucks in the case of the mounting of twin wheels. In the drawing, this first face Sl is on the left side.
Standards define the following diameters, measured from the axis X-X' of the wheel :
- the standardized diameter of attachment D, which is the diameter of the cylinder on which there are arranged the geometrical axes of the mechanical elements for the attachment of the wheel (IS0/DIS 4107; DIN 74361), and - the standardized nominal diameter D4 of the rim 2 (TRA STANDARD).
In accordance with the present invention, a wheel disk 1 with a curved generating profile, the thickness of which is variable by at least 20 %, is characterized by the fact that the value of the outside diameter D2 of the zone Z2 defined above isless than aval~e m which is a function of the diameter D defined above and which is given by the formula :
Z2~3 m(D) = 103,710 U7 - 342,050 IJ6 + 444,880 U5 -- 290,390 U + 99, 506 J 16,712 U
+ 1,279.2 U + 281.91 with U = (D-205 ~/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters, and by the fact that the axial length d of the zone Z2 ~ that is to say the projection of its generating curve AB on the axis X-X' of the wheel, is at least equal to 0.289 (D2-Dl ) in which Dl is the outside diameter of the zone Zl defined above.
In a preferred variant of the invention, the improved wheel disk 1 is characterized by the fact that the value of the B outside diameter ~1 f the zone Zl is less than a value ~ ~
which is a function of the diameter D given by the formula :
(D) = 56,722 U7 - 181,150 U6 + 226,700 U5 - 141,660 U4 + 46,435 U3 -7,501.2 U2 + 667.51 U + 264.97 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters.
In another preferred variant of the invention, the improved wheel disk is characterized by the fact that the value of the outside diameter D3 of the zone Z3 defined above being less than a value b which is a function of the diameter D4 defined above given by the formula :
b (D4) = 17,549 X -- 63,951 X6 + 89,945 x5 -- 61,771 x4 + 21,850 x3 - 3,955 X2 + 527.37 x 365.45 with x = (D4-419.1)/203.2, in which D4 is expressed in milli-meters, the product of the average curvature of the zone Z3 times the diameter D is greater (in absolute value) than a value g which is a function of the diameter D given by the following formula, this average curvature being convex on the side of the first face Sl defined above of the disk :
g (D) = - 5,319.7 U + 18,307 U6 - 25,047 U5 + 17,346 U4 il222~3 -6,361.8 U3 + ~,152.5 u2 - 77.16 U + 1.2352 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters.
Finally, in a particular case, the zone Z2 could be reduced to a straight line generating a cylinder or even reduced to a point generatin~ a circle of the diameter Dl = D~;
in this latter case, the points A and B would then merge in the drawing.
Two embodiments of the invention will now be describ-ed, by way of illustration and not of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawing :
1st Example: A wheel having a diameter D of 335 mm and a diameter D4 of 571. 5 mm (22, 5" ) has the following charac-teristics :
- diameter Dl less than 397.2 mm, for instance 393 mm - diameter D2 less than 427.0 mm, for instance 419 mm - diameter D3 less than 514.5 mm, for instance 498 mm - value of d greater than 7.5, for instance 13 mm - radius of curvature R of the zone Z3 1~ss than 251.9 mm, for instance 70 mm.
2nd Example: A wheel having a diameter D of 225 rnm and a diameter D4 of 444.5 mm (17.5") has the following characteristics:
- diameter Dl less than 290.2 mm, for instanc~ 290 mm - diameter D2 less than 317 .6 mm, for instance 317.5mm - diameter D3 less than 399.7 mm, for instance ~99 mm - value of d greater than 7.9 mm, for instance 11.2 mm.
On the wheel disks described above, the decrease of the stresses in the attachment zone Zl makes it possible to reduce considerably the thickness of the disk while retaining the same fatigue strength measured in accordance with the known tests run on a testing drum with cambered wheels and by tests l~ZZ2~3 on vehicles.
In other words, an improved wheel disk in accordance - with the present invention may have a thickness which is con-siderably less than that of a known disk all other things being equal, that is to say with the same loads, the same material, the same vehicle, etc., therefore, the invention results in a very great reduction in weight and cost.
Of c~ourse the symmetry of revolution of the disks which was implicit in all of the foregoing ~ay be destroyed in any known manner by holes or any machining intended for aesthetic or technical purposes, without thereby going beyond the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A wheel disk with a generating curve profile, the thickness of which is variable by at least 20%, having four successive zones; the first zone being a substantially flat central hub attachment zone having a standardized diameter of attachment D and terminating at an outside diameter D1; the second zone being of concave curvature and extending from said first zone and terminating at an outside diameter D2; the third zone being of convex curvature and extending from said second zone and terminating at an outside diameter D3; the fourth zone being a peripheral zone and extending from said third zone and connectable to a rim with a standardized nominal diameter D4;
characterized by the fact that (a) the value of the diameter D2 is less than a value m which is a function of the diameter D and which is given by the formula m (D) = 103,710 U7 - 342,050 U6 + 444,880 U5 - 290,390 U4 + 99,506 U3 - 16,712 U2 + 1,279.2 U + 281.91 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in milli-meters; and (b) the axial length d of the second zone is at least equal to 0.289 (D2 - D1).
characterized by the fact that (a) the value of the diameter D2 is less than a value m which is a function of the diameter D and which is given by the formula m (D) = 103,710 U7 - 342,050 U6 + 444,880 U5 - 290,390 U4 + 99,506 U3 - 16,712 U2 + 1,279.2 U + 281.91 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in milli-meters; and (b) the axial length d of the second zone is at least equal to 0.289 (D2 - D1).
2. The wheel disk according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that (c) the value of the diameter D1 is less than a value ? which is a function of the diameter D and which is given by the formula ? (D) = 56,722 U7 - 181,150 U6 + 226,700 U5 - 141,660 U4 + 46,435 U3 - 7,501.2 U2 + 667.51 U + 264.97 with U = (D-205)/220, in which D is expressed in millimeters.
3. The wheel disk according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that (d) the value of the diameter D3 is less than a value b which is a function of the diameter D4 and which is given by the formula b (D4) = 17,549 x7 - 63,951 x6 + 89,945 x5 - 61,771 x4 + 21,850 x3 - 3.955 x2 + 527.37 x + 365.45 with x = (D4 - 419.1)/203.2, in which D4 is expressed in millimiters.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7820426A FR2429675A1 (en) | 1978-06-30 | 1978-06-30 | ROAD VEHICLE WHEEL DISC |
| FR7820426 | 1978-06-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1122243A true CA1122243A (en) | 1982-04-20 |
Family
ID=9210501
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000330895A Expired CA1122243A (en) | 1978-06-30 | 1979-06-29 | Wheel disk for road vehicles |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS558993A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE877193A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7904146A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1122243A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2926445A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES482066A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2429675A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2025333B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1119315B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7905022A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7905692L (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57134301A (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Bridgestone Corp | Wheel of tubeless tire for truck and bus |
| DE3245910A1 (en) * | 1982-12-11 | 1984-06-14 | Hoesch Werke Ag, 4600 Dortmund | IMPELLER FOR CHAIN VEHICLES |
| JP3318099B2 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 2002-08-26 | トピー工業株式会社 | Uneven thickness disc |
| US6332653B1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2001-12-25 | Central Motor Wheel Co., Ltd. | Disc wheel for passenger car |
| DE202014104068U1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-12-08 | Maxion Wheels Germany Holding Gmbh | Wheel disc for a disc wheel |
| US20230278363A1 (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-09-07 | Maxion Wheels Holding Gmbh | Vehicle wheel disc, vehicle wheel including such a wheel disc and method for producing such a wheel disc and vehicle wheel |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1402821A1 (en) * | 1960-09-26 | 1969-09-25 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Process for the production of a vehicle wheel consisting of a wheel disc and rim |
| NL259900A (en) * | 1960-09-26 | |||
| US3391439A (en) * | 1966-06-29 | 1968-07-09 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Method of making tapered disk wheel |
| DE2647464A1 (en) * | 1976-10-21 | 1978-04-27 | Hans J Ing Grad Wissner | Light alloy wheel made from flat strip - has rim welded into ring and rolled prior to welding to wheel disc |
-
1978
- 1978-06-30 FR FR7820426A patent/FR2429675A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-06-22 BE BE0/195902A patent/BE877193A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-28 NL NL7905022A patent/NL7905022A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-06-28 SE SE7905692A patent/SE7905692L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-06-29 CA CA000330895A patent/CA1122243A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-29 ES ES482066A patent/ES482066A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-29 IT IT68381/79A patent/IT1119315B/en active
- 1979-06-29 DE DE19792926445 patent/DE2926445A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-06-29 JP JP8255879A patent/JPS558993A/en active Pending
- 1979-06-29 BR BR7904146A patent/BR7904146A/en unknown
- 1979-07-02 GB GB7922878A patent/GB2025333B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS558993A (en) | 1980-01-22 |
| GB2025333A (en) | 1980-01-23 |
| GB2025333B (en) | 1983-03-02 |
| FR2429675A1 (en) | 1980-01-25 |
| BR7904146A (en) | 1980-03-25 |
| FR2429675B1 (en) | 1981-08-14 |
| NL7905022A (en) | 1980-01-03 |
| IT1119315B (en) | 1986-03-10 |
| IT7968381A0 (en) | 1979-06-29 |
| BE877193A (en) | 1979-10-15 |
| DE2926445A1 (en) | 1980-01-03 |
| SE7905692L (en) | 1979-12-31 |
| ES482066A1 (en) | 1980-04-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |