CA1113635A - Amino-resin compositions - Google Patents
Amino-resin compositionsInfo
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- CA1113635A CA1113635A CA321,610A CA321610A CA1113635A CA 1113635 A CA1113635 A CA 1113635A CA 321610 A CA321610 A CA 321610A CA 1113635 A CA1113635 A CA 1113635A
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Abstract
An amino-resin composition, in particular urea formaldehyde and/or melamine formaldehyde, in the form of fibers, having incorporated therein at least one additional compound which contains at least one aldehyde or ketone group and at least one hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom.
Description
B 295~9 /CA
36~S
.
THE PRESE~T INVEN~ION RELATES to amino-re~in oompositions in the form of fibres, which are partioularly useful, aa fibrou~ materials for papermaking, either when u~3ed alo~e or, more e~pecially, when u~ed in - admixture with oelluloae fibre3 l3uoh as wood pulp.
In acoordanoe with the presant invention, there are providea amino~
resin compositions in the form o~ fibrea, oompriaing at leaat one amino-resin h~ving inoorporated thereln at least one added compound whioh con-tains at least one aldehyde or ketone group and at least one hydroxyl group bonded to a oarbon atom. In parti¢ular, the added oompound(s) may be a oarbohydrate or modified carbohydrate. Such amino-reain compositions in the form of fibres in acoordance with the invention have the specific ; l advantage of being self-adhee3ive when formed by conventional p~per-making prooe~3aes into papers, and show improved level~ of adheaion to cellulose I fibres when formed in admixture with them into papers.
A ino-~e~_ ~ Suitable amino-resins for use in the invention are con--ventional formNlation~ containin~ urea and/or melamine conden~3ed with formaldehyde, and having molar ratios of formaldehydes amino groups be-tween O.5:1 and I.5:1, preferably between 0.6:1 and 1.2:1; minor amounts of other materials, e.g. phenol, resorcinol, cresol, thiourea~ or lower aldehydes other than formàldehyde c~n be inoorporated in the amino-resin.
5~E~s~E3~Q~- Suitable carbohydratea include, for example:-Glyoolaldehyde
36~S
.
THE PRESE~T INVEN~ION RELATES to amino-re~in oompositions in the form of fibres, which are partioularly useful, aa fibrou~ materials for papermaking, either when u~3ed alo~e or, more e~pecially, when u~ed in - admixture with oelluloae fibre3 l3uoh as wood pulp.
In acoordanoe with the presant invention, there are providea amino~
resin compositions in the form o~ fibrea, oompriaing at leaat one amino-resin h~ving inoorporated thereln at least one added compound whioh con-tains at least one aldehyde or ketone group and at least one hydroxyl group bonded to a oarbon atom. In parti¢ular, the added oompound(s) may be a oarbohydrate or modified carbohydrate. Such amino-reain compositions in the form of fibres in acoordance with the invention have the specific ; l advantage of being self-adhee3ive when formed by conventional p~per-making prooe~3aes into papers, and show improved level~ of adheaion to cellulose I fibres when formed in admixture with them into papers.
A ino-~e~_ ~ Suitable amino-resins for use in the invention are con--ventional formNlation~ containin~ urea and/or melamine conden~3ed with formaldehyde, and having molar ratios of formaldehydes amino groups be-tween O.5:1 and I.5:1, preferably between 0.6:1 and 1.2:1; minor amounts of other materials, e.g. phenol, resorcinol, cresol, thiourea~ or lower aldehydes other than formàldehyde c~n be inoorporated in the amino-resin.
5~E~s~E3~Q~- Suitable carbohydratea include, for example:-Glyoolaldehyde
2. Glycer~ldehyde, dihydroxyaoetone
3. TetroE3es,~e.~. erythrose, threosa and ketotetrose~
4. Pento~3es, e.g. ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxo~3e and ketopentoaes
5. Hexosel3, e.~. gluco~e, fructbse,~sorbose, ~alacto~e9 mannose, etc~
(The above rarbohydrates 1 to 5 occur in admixture, in varying degrees, i in formose)t ~~ :
(The above rarbohydrates 1 to 5 occur in admixture, in varying degrees, i in formose)t ~~ :
6~ Di-~3aooharides~ such aa aucrose, lactoae, malto~a, cellobioae
7. i Poly-~ld oli~osaooharides, such as staroh, modified or degraded ' - ~ 2 ~
~ 2~539 ~3~;35 ~tarch (modified or degraded, for example, by hydrolysis, oxidation, or enzyme aotion), dextrin~ or degraded dextrins, and ¢ellulo~e and produot~
of it~ degradation or modification.
; ~ 8. Chemically-modified carbohydrate~, e.g. amino-3ugar~, oarbohydrate esters, eto.
Mixture~ of carbohydrate i~omers and mi~ture~ of different oarbohydrate~
may be uæed.
D_ .
~he amino-reain oomponent of the oompo~ition for making the fibre~
may be oonden3ed by any of the methods well known in the art; typioally, urea and/or melamine are disaolved in formalin and refluxed, firæt under neutral or slightly alkaline oonditions~ and sub~equently under aoid oonditions. Supplementary additions of reaotants oan be made, and the reæin oan be oonoentrated by evapsration under rsduoed pressure.
~ ~
~he added oompound(~), e~g. the oarbohydrate(s),i oan be added, by dissolution or ~uspension in the resin medium before, during, or after the oondensation stage~ For ~ome 3y~tems, it may be po~ible only to add the oarbohydrate at the end of the oondensation. From 1 to 50% by weight of oarbohydrate, baoed on the total colid~ of bhe oompo~ition, may be used, preferably 5 to 30% by weight thereof.
Pr~_ration of fibre3 from the amino-reæin oompo~itions.
~he fibreæ are oonveniently prepared by air fibrillation, a~ desoribed in oux oo-pending ~riti3h Patent Applioation ~o. 51199/76 (oorre3ponding to ~S Serial ~o. 857972); or by propellin~ a ~tream or streams of re3in into a turbulent fluid (e.~, hot air or an aoid bath) and oau~ing itc dr~ing or gelation in the fluid. Alternatively the fibres may be formed by drawing the fibre3 in oonventional manner into a ouxing medium (e.g. hot air or an aoid bath); or by conventional wet ox dry ~pinning into a fluid in which gelation or drying ooourc (e.g. hot air or an aoid bath) Conveniently, 36~5 suitable fibres can be prepared by a oentrifugal spinning prooess as de~cribed in our co-pending ~ Pat~nt Appllcation No~ 10405/77 (oor-responding to ~S Serial ~umber 885~44).
Curing of the fibres oan be aohieved by adding an aoid (e.g. formio or sulphuric acid) or a salt of an aoid~ preferably an ammonium salt, to the re~in, prior to forming the f:Lbresj and/or by heating the fibres after their formation.
Pigmenta, dyes, bri~htenin~ agent~, fillers, eto., may be inoorp-orated into the resin before forming the fibree.
3~L~-The fibres oharaoteristioally have a mean aiameter of 0.5 -to 50 ~
(preferably 1 to 30 ~) and an a~erage length of 0.1 to 10 mm (preferably 0.2 to 5 mm).
~he fibres may need to be reduoed in length to that required for papermaking. ~his oan be aohieved by autting, paasing through rollers, millin~, etc., or by wet disintegration as is well-known in the paper ;~ inaustry. ~he fibres ~hould be adequately cured before being used for this purpose.
We have found that by usin~ oarbohydrate-modifiea UF fibres, better le~els of adhesion are obtained than with unmodified ~F fibres, leading to improved tensile and burst stre~ths. General advantages are al~o obtained (in comparison with conventional all-oellulose papers) in respeot ~ .
of drainage rate~, bulk whitenes~, and, partioularly when u~ed with short-fibred oellulose pulp, tear strength.
Example 1 A oommeroially available UF resin, "Asrolite 300" (Regd~ Trade ~ark from CIBA-Geigy whioh oontains about 65% by weight of ~ re~in solids in water) was used. To this was added D-gluoose to give mixtures oontaining 7%~ l~/o and 24% by weight of dissolved gluoose based on the total solida B 295~9 ~L3635 in the mixture. Sample~ of these~, and of the original amino-re~in, were adjusted to a vis¢oaity of about 30 poise and air-fibrillated; Qmino-resin was fed vertlcally, at a rate of 13 ml/min~ in a oontinuou~ threaa9 into the path of ~n air jet at right angle~ to the thread, the air ~et being produced from a no~zls of area 8 mm fed by air at 30 p~ig and at a rate of 300 standard oubic feet per hour. ~he flbres were blown into a ohamber heated to 50C by hot air where they were stabilised and dried.
They were then oured by heating at 120C; ourin~ was assisted by the mixing of 1% of a 4G% solution of ammonium sulphate into the amino-re~in stream just be~ore fibrillation.
~ibres of diameter about 10 ~ were produoed. These were reduced in ` length to 2 to 3 mm. by a standard laborato~y pulp di~integrator. Papers ¦ were made u~ing the ~mino-resin fibres alone and in admixture with mech-anioal wood pulp ~he burst indexe~ of the papers formed were as follow~
~ 15 (in kPa.m2/gm):_ :
~ . . ._ Paper ~ Re~in Composition oontaining %
Composition by wt. of ~lucose basea on total solids of composition (by weight) ~o gluco~e 7/0 glucose l~/o ~lucose 24% glucose . . ~ . .__ .
lOG% ~F No adhesion Adhe~ion Adheeion Adhesion . . _ ... .... .. _ . . _ 2G~/o ~': 8G%
mechanical pulp 0,63 0.66 0.76 0072 . . _ _ . .~ .. .___ 5G% llF: 5G%
meohaniosl pulp 0.~0 0. 30 0.42 .
, Blends of the ~F fibres (with or without gluoose) and meohanioal pulp drained ; faster than aid meohanical pulp alone, and WerQ whiter in oolour. Example 2 A formo~e solution was prepared a~ follow~:-1440 ml of formaline (36% ~C~I0~ 5,6% methanol), 456 ml o~ water~ 82g of Ca(0~)2and 4~ of ~extrose, were gently he~ted in a flask fitted with a reflux 3~35 condenser. At a temperature of 55 C heatin~ wa~ ~topped, and an 0xotherm taking the mi~ture rapidly to 94C oocurred. ~he formose ~olution 90 obtained was oooled, neutralised with 340 ml of 2~% W/v ~a2 C03 ~olution, and filtered. The filtrate was conoentrat~d by evaporation under vaouum at 37C - 40C to give a formo~e 301ution of approxima-tely 37% oonoentrati~n.
Analy~is ~howed a Ca oontent of 1250 ppm and a free formaldehyde oontent o~
0,7~5% W/v.
~sin~ thia formose solution, three different resina A, ~ and C were prepared as follow~:-Resin A. ~he formo~e ~olution waa conoen-trated to 40% formo~e. 250 part~
of thi~ were aaded to a mixture of 460 parts of formalin (36.5% formalde-hyde, 6.5% methanol) and 193 part~ of urea (molar ratio of formaldehyde:
urea 1.75:1, formo~e oontent 2G% by weight based o~ total solida of the mixture). The mixture was refluxed for 15 minute~ ad~uated to pH 4.85 j 15 (by the addition of formio aoid ~olution) and further refluxed for 68 minutes. The solution was adJusted to pH 5.5 (by the addition of ~aOH
solution), oooled to 40C and further adjusted to pH 7.5. The resin was oo~oentrated by vaouum evaporation at 42 - 48c to give a resin (Resin ~) o~ visoo~ity 11 poi~e.
de~in B. Part of re~in A, prepared as above, was oonoentrated b~ further vaouum evaporation to 35 poise visoo~ity, and blended with an equal amount of a oonventional ~F resin of similar visoosit~ to give a resin (resin ~) containing 10~ by weight formose ba~ed on the total solids of the blend.
The re~in used for blending wa~ prepared by a oonventional prooess (neutral reaotion followed by aoid oondensation, then evaporation) with a formalde-hyde: urea ratio of 1.95:1.
Resin C. The formose solution, prepared a~ above, wa~ oonoentrated to 50%
formose. 300 parts of this solution wa~ added to a mixture 220.5 pa~ts of urea and 460 pa~ts of formalin (a~ used for makin~ Re~in A). The mixture wao ad~usted to pH 7, refluxed for 15 min~, and then aoidified to pH 4.85 ~ 2953~
(b~ the addition of formic acid ~olution) and refluxed for a further 55 minute~. ~he mixture was then part-neutrall~ed, oooled, and brought to p~ 7.5 by the addition of NaOH ~olution. It wa~ then vaouum-evaporatsd at 48 ~ 50C to ~ive a ra~in of vi~oo~ity 100 poi~e. ~he formose oon-t~st of the resin was 3o~ by wei~ht, ba~ed on the total solids of the mlxture.
~ibre~ were prepared from ~esins A, ~ and C.
~he method of fibre preparation wa~ by air fibrillation, as d~soribed in Example 1. ~esin A wa~ used without further modification, while Re~in ~
and Resin C were adjusted to a visoosity of about ~0 poise by adding water.
~ A catalyst solution of ammonium sulphate wa~ added as described in Example ,; 1. ' Papers oontaining the novel fibres and mec~anical pulp were prepared ~ and te~ted in a standard manner, as de oribed in Example 1. The prop-¦ 15 erties mea~ured were as follows:
~ with 80/o by wei~ht with~5~/o by weight ; Fibres from Resin A
0.81 o.75 (containing 2~/o formo9e) Fibres from Resin ~
o~63 o.64 (oontaining 10/o formose) Fibres from Re~in C
- 0.76 0.69 (oontaining 35% formose) Comparison:- unmodified o.6~ 0.35 ~F fibres Example 3.
D-Gluoose and soluble staroh were added to "Aerolite 300" resin to give a muxture oontainin~ 14.5% D~Glucose and 1.5% of ~taroh. This was oonverted to ~ibres by the air fibrillation method desoribed in Example 1, i ., , ' :
3fi3~
~nd oured for 3 hour~ at 120C. The fibre~ were disinte~rated and made into paper samples usln~ the prooe~ure o~ Example 1I Mechanioal pulp was again used a~ the eellulose oomponent.
~he burst indexe~ of the paper made were mea~ured aa followa:
2C~ modified nF ~ibre: 80% meohanloal pulp 0.79 kPa.m2/gm 50~ modified ~F fibre: 50% meoh~nioal pulp 0.44 kPa.m /~n ~a~L-A series of modi~ied urea formaldeh~de re~ins were fibrillated by oentrifugal spinning ~as de~oribed in our oo-pending ~ritish Patent Applio-ation No. 10405/77 whioh oorreaponds to ~S Serial ~umbar 885344)using the following condition~.
A rotatin~ cup o~ diameter 75 ~Q was used with 24 hole~j eaoh of 3 ~Q
diameter, i~ the periphery. ~he device was rotated at 4,500 rpm and resin fed to tha centre of the devioe at a rate of 78g/min, A oatalyat aolution was oontinuoualy metered and mixed lnto the resin at a rate of 6.2 ~/min;
the oataly~t aolutlon oonslsted of a 2:1 mixture by volume oP a 2.5% by weight holution of polyethylene oxidh m water and a 20% by weight solution of ammonium ~ulphate in water. ~he fibre~ were spun into hot air at a temperature of 70C, were dried, oolleoted and oured for 3 hours at 120C.
They were aistlntegratea, aa before, in a laboratory diaintegrator and made into paper on a atandard handaheet former. The ~ibres alI produoed .
self-adherin~ paper uaing the ~ritiah Standard procedure (aa ~et out in iA Laboratol~ Handbook of Pulp and Paper Manufacture' by J. Grant, Arnold9 1942, p 78). ~y oompariaon, an unmodified urea formaldehyde fibre (from , "Aerolite 300") did not. ~he ~ollowing mixturea were used:
A. "Aerolite 300", with 13.5% by wt. D~fructoae added, baaed on total aolid~
; ~. "Aerolite 300", wlth 13.5% by wt. malto~e added, based on total ~olia~
3 C. "Aexolite 300", with lB~ by wt. m~ltoae added, based on ,:
!,,:
3 ~ 3 t~tal ~olld~
D. "~erolite 300'1l wit'h 2C% by wt. m~lto-dextrin add~d, ba~ed on total ~olids ("~owflake" m~lto-d~xtrin ~rom CPC, ~nlbed Klngdom Limited). Irhe malto-dextr~n i~ prepared from ~taroh 1 5 and oonoi~ta o~ a m:lxture of m~lto~e oligomers.
PA ~ ~
14 Ap~il 1978 , I ' .
-. ~
~ 2~539 ~3~;35 ~tarch (modified or degraded, for example, by hydrolysis, oxidation, or enzyme aotion), dextrin~ or degraded dextrins, and ¢ellulo~e and produot~
of it~ degradation or modification.
; ~ 8. Chemically-modified carbohydrate~, e.g. amino-3ugar~, oarbohydrate esters, eto.
Mixture~ of carbohydrate i~omers and mi~ture~ of different oarbohydrate~
may be uæed.
D_ .
~he amino-reain oomponent of the oompo~ition for making the fibre~
may be oonden3ed by any of the methods well known in the art; typioally, urea and/or melamine are disaolved in formalin and refluxed, firæt under neutral or slightly alkaline oonditions~ and sub~equently under aoid oonditions. Supplementary additions of reaotants oan be made, and the reæin oan be oonoentrated by evapsration under rsduoed pressure.
~ ~
~he added oompound(~), e~g. the oarbohydrate(s),i oan be added, by dissolution or ~uspension in the resin medium before, during, or after the oondensation stage~ For ~ome 3y~tems, it may be po~ible only to add the oarbohydrate at the end of the oondensation. From 1 to 50% by weight of oarbohydrate, baoed on the total colid~ of bhe oompo~ition, may be used, preferably 5 to 30% by weight thereof.
Pr~_ration of fibre3 from the amino-reæin oompo~itions.
~he fibreæ are oonveniently prepared by air fibrillation, a~ desoribed in oux oo-pending ~riti3h Patent Applioation ~o. 51199/76 (oorre3ponding to ~S Serial ~o. 857972); or by propellin~ a ~tream or streams of re3in into a turbulent fluid (e.~, hot air or an aoid bath) and oau~ing itc dr~ing or gelation in the fluid. Alternatively the fibres may be formed by drawing the fibre3 in oonventional manner into a ouxing medium (e.g. hot air or an aoid bath); or by conventional wet ox dry ~pinning into a fluid in which gelation or drying ooourc (e.g. hot air or an aoid bath) Conveniently, 36~5 suitable fibres can be prepared by a oentrifugal spinning prooess as de~cribed in our co-pending ~ Pat~nt Appllcation No~ 10405/77 (oor-responding to ~S Serial ~umber 885~44).
Curing of the fibres oan be aohieved by adding an aoid (e.g. formio or sulphuric acid) or a salt of an aoid~ preferably an ammonium salt, to the re~in, prior to forming the f:Lbresj and/or by heating the fibres after their formation.
Pigmenta, dyes, bri~htenin~ agent~, fillers, eto., may be inoorp-orated into the resin before forming the fibree.
3~L~-The fibres oharaoteristioally have a mean aiameter of 0.5 -to 50 ~
(preferably 1 to 30 ~) and an a~erage length of 0.1 to 10 mm (preferably 0.2 to 5 mm).
~he fibres may need to be reduoed in length to that required for papermaking. ~his oan be aohieved by autting, paasing through rollers, millin~, etc., or by wet disintegration as is well-known in the paper ;~ inaustry. ~he fibres ~hould be adequately cured before being used for this purpose.
We have found that by usin~ oarbohydrate-modifiea UF fibres, better le~els of adhesion are obtained than with unmodified ~F fibres, leading to improved tensile and burst stre~ths. General advantages are al~o obtained (in comparison with conventional all-oellulose papers) in respeot ~ .
of drainage rate~, bulk whitenes~, and, partioularly when u~ed with short-fibred oellulose pulp, tear strength.
Example 1 A oommeroially available UF resin, "Asrolite 300" (Regd~ Trade ~ark from CIBA-Geigy whioh oontains about 65% by weight of ~ re~in solids in water) was used. To this was added D-gluoose to give mixtures oontaining 7%~ l~/o and 24% by weight of dissolved gluoose based on the total solida B 295~9 ~L3635 in the mixture. Sample~ of these~, and of the original amino-re~in, were adjusted to a vis¢oaity of about 30 poise and air-fibrillated; Qmino-resin was fed vertlcally, at a rate of 13 ml/min~ in a oontinuou~ threaa9 into the path of ~n air jet at right angle~ to the thread, the air ~et being produced from a no~zls of area 8 mm fed by air at 30 p~ig and at a rate of 300 standard oubic feet per hour. ~he flbres were blown into a ohamber heated to 50C by hot air where they were stabilised and dried.
They were then oured by heating at 120C; ourin~ was assisted by the mixing of 1% of a 4G% solution of ammonium sulphate into the amino-re~in stream just be~ore fibrillation.
~ibres of diameter about 10 ~ were produoed. These were reduced in ` length to 2 to 3 mm. by a standard laborato~y pulp di~integrator. Papers ¦ were made u~ing the ~mino-resin fibres alone and in admixture with mech-anioal wood pulp ~he burst indexe~ of the papers formed were as follow~
~ 15 (in kPa.m2/gm):_ :
~ . . ._ Paper ~ Re~in Composition oontaining %
Composition by wt. of ~lucose basea on total solids of composition (by weight) ~o gluco~e 7/0 glucose l~/o ~lucose 24% glucose . . ~ . .__ .
lOG% ~F No adhesion Adhe~ion Adheeion Adhesion . . _ ... .... .. _ . . _ 2G~/o ~': 8G%
mechanical pulp 0,63 0.66 0.76 0072 . . _ _ . .~ .. .___ 5G% llF: 5G%
meohaniosl pulp 0.~0 0. 30 0.42 .
, Blends of the ~F fibres (with or without gluoose) and meohanioal pulp drained ; faster than aid meohanical pulp alone, and WerQ whiter in oolour. Example 2 A formo~e solution was prepared a~ follow~:-1440 ml of formaline (36% ~C~I0~ 5,6% methanol), 456 ml o~ water~ 82g of Ca(0~)2and 4~ of ~extrose, were gently he~ted in a flask fitted with a reflux 3~35 condenser. At a temperature of 55 C heatin~ wa~ ~topped, and an 0xotherm taking the mi~ture rapidly to 94C oocurred. ~he formose ~olution 90 obtained was oooled, neutralised with 340 ml of 2~% W/v ~a2 C03 ~olution, and filtered. The filtrate was conoentrat~d by evaporation under vaouum at 37C - 40C to give a formo~e 301ution of approxima-tely 37% oonoentrati~n.
Analy~is ~howed a Ca oontent of 1250 ppm and a free formaldehyde oontent o~
0,7~5% W/v.
~sin~ thia formose solution, three different resina A, ~ and C were prepared as follow~:-Resin A. ~he formo~e ~olution waa conoen-trated to 40% formo~e. 250 part~
of thi~ were aaded to a mixture of 460 parts of formalin (36.5% formalde-hyde, 6.5% methanol) and 193 part~ of urea (molar ratio of formaldehyde:
urea 1.75:1, formo~e oontent 2G% by weight based o~ total solida of the mixture). The mixture was refluxed for 15 minute~ ad~uated to pH 4.85 j 15 (by the addition of formio aoid ~olution) and further refluxed for 68 minutes. The solution was adJusted to pH 5.5 (by the addition of ~aOH
solution), oooled to 40C and further adjusted to pH 7.5. The resin was oo~oentrated by vaouum evaporation at 42 - 48c to give a resin (Resin ~) o~ visoo~ity 11 poi~e.
de~in B. Part of re~in A, prepared as above, was oonoentrated b~ further vaouum evaporation to 35 poise visoo~ity, and blended with an equal amount of a oonventional ~F resin of similar visoosit~ to give a resin (resin ~) containing 10~ by weight formose ba~ed on the total solids of the blend.
The re~in used for blending wa~ prepared by a oonventional prooess (neutral reaotion followed by aoid oondensation, then evaporation) with a formalde-hyde: urea ratio of 1.95:1.
Resin C. The formose solution, prepared a~ above, wa~ oonoentrated to 50%
formose. 300 parts of this solution wa~ added to a mixture 220.5 pa~ts of urea and 460 pa~ts of formalin (a~ used for makin~ Re~in A). The mixture wao ad~usted to pH 7, refluxed for 15 min~, and then aoidified to pH 4.85 ~ 2953~
(b~ the addition of formic acid ~olution) and refluxed for a further 55 minute~. ~he mixture was then part-neutrall~ed, oooled, and brought to p~ 7.5 by the addition of NaOH ~olution. It wa~ then vaouum-evaporatsd at 48 ~ 50C to ~ive a ra~in of vi~oo~ity 100 poi~e. ~he formose oon-t~st of the resin was 3o~ by wei~ht, ba~ed on the total solids of the mlxture.
~ibre~ were prepared from ~esins A, ~ and C.
~he method of fibre preparation wa~ by air fibrillation, as d~soribed in Example 1. ~esin A wa~ used without further modification, while Re~in ~
and Resin C were adjusted to a visoosity of about ~0 poise by adding water.
~ A catalyst solution of ammonium sulphate wa~ added as described in Example ,; 1. ' Papers oontaining the novel fibres and mec~anical pulp were prepared ~ and te~ted in a standard manner, as de oribed in Example 1. The prop-¦ 15 erties mea~ured were as follows:
~ with 80/o by wei~ht with~5~/o by weight ; Fibres from Resin A
0.81 o.75 (containing 2~/o formo9e) Fibres from Resin ~
o~63 o.64 (oontaining 10/o formose) Fibres from Re~in C
- 0.76 0.69 (oontaining 35% formose) Comparison:- unmodified o.6~ 0.35 ~F fibres Example 3.
D-Gluoose and soluble staroh were added to "Aerolite 300" resin to give a muxture oontainin~ 14.5% D~Glucose and 1.5% of ~taroh. This was oonverted to ~ibres by the air fibrillation method desoribed in Example 1, i ., , ' :
3fi3~
~nd oured for 3 hour~ at 120C. The fibre~ were disinte~rated and made into paper samples usln~ the prooe~ure o~ Example 1I Mechanioal pulp was again used a~ the eellulose oomponent.
~he burst indexe~ of the paper made were mea~ured aa followa:
2C~ modified nF ~ibre: 80% meohanloal pulp 0.79 kPa.m2/gm 50~ modified ~F fibre: 50% meoh~nioal pulp 0.44 kPa.m /~n ~a~L-A series of modi~ied urea formaldeh~de re~ins were fibrillated by oentrifugal spinning ~as de~oribed in our oo-pending ~ritish Patent Applio-ation No. 10405/77 whioh oorreaponds to ~S Serial ~umbar 885344)using the following condition~.
A rotatin~ cup o~ diameter 75 ~Q was used with 24 hole~j eaoh of 3 ~Q
diameter, i~ the periphery. ~he device was rotated at 4,500 rpm and resin fed to tha centre of the devioe at a rate of 78g/min, A oatalyat aolution was oontinuoualy metered and mixed lnto the resin at a rate of 6.2 ~/min;
the oataly~t aolutlon oonslsted of a 2:1 mixture by volume oP a 2.5% by weight holution of polyethylene oxidh m water and a 20% by weight solution of ammonium ~ulphate in water. ~he fibre~ were spun into hot air at a temperature of 70C, were dried, oolleoted and oured for 3 hours at 120C.
They were aistlntegratea, aa before, in a laboratory diaintegrator and made into paper on a atandard handaheet former. The ~ibres alI produoed .
self-adherin~ paper uaing the ~ritiah Standard procedure (aa ~et out in iA Laboratol~ Handbook of Pulp and Paper Manufacture' by J. Grant, Arnold9 1942, p 78). ~y oompariaon, an unmodified urea formaldehyde fibre (from , "Aerolite 300") did not. ~he ~ollowing mixturea were used:
A. "Aerolite 300", with 13.5% by wt. D~fructoae added, baaed on total aolid~
; ~. "Aerolite 300", wlth 13.5% by wt. malto~e added, based on total ~olia~
3 C. "Aexolite 300", with lB~ by wt. m~ltoae added, based on ,:
!,,:
3 ~ 3 t~tal ~olld~
D. "~erolite 300'1l wit'h 2C% by wt. m~lto-dextrin add~d, ba~ed on total ~olids ("~owflake" m~lto-d~xtrin ~rom CPC, ~nlbed Klngdom Limited). Irhe malto-dextr~n i~ prepared from ~taroh 1 5 and oonoi~ta o~ a m:lxture of m~lto~e oligomers.
PA ~ ~
14 Ap~il 1978 , I ' .
-. ~
Claims (8)
1. An amino-resin composition in the form of fibres comprising an amino-resin having incorporated therein from 5% to 30% by weight based on the weight of the total solids in the composition, of at least one added compound which contains at least one group selected from the group consisting of aldehyde and ketone groups and at least one hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom.
2. An amino-resin composition in the form of fibres as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amino-resin is selected from the group consisting of urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, and mixtures thereof, having a molar ratio of formaldehyde; amino groups in the range 0.5:1 to 1.5:1.
3. An amino-resin composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the said ratio is in the range 0.6:1 to 1.2:1.
4. An amino-resin composition in the form of fibres as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added compound (s) is selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, modified carbohydrates, carbohydrate isomers and mixtures thereof.
5. An amino resin composition in the form of fibres as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added compound(s) is selected from the group consisting of glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and mixtures thereof.
6. An amino-resin composition in the form of fibres as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added compound(s) is formose.
7. An amino-resin composition in the form of fibres as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added compound (5) is selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, maltose, malto-dextrin, and mixtures thereof.
8. Paper containing fibres as claimed in claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA321,610A CA1113635A (en) | 1979-02-15 | 1979-02-15 | Amino-resin compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA321,610A CA1113635A (en) | 1979-02-15 | 1979-02-15 | Amino-resin compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1113635A true CA1113635A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
Family
ID=4113556
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA321,610A Expired CA1113635A (en) | 1979-02-15 | 1979-02-15 | Amino-resin compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1113635A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-02-15 CA CA321,610A patent/CA1113635A/en not_active Expired
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