CA1107655A - Device for removing lead particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Device for removing lead particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1107655A CA1107655A CA318,579A CA318579A CA1107655A CA 1107655 A CA1107655 A CA 1107655A CA 318579 A CA318579 A CA 318579A CA 1107655 A CA1107655 A CA 1107655A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- exhaust gases
- casing
- wall
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
- F01N1/12—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using spirally or helically shaped channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/0211—Arrangements for mounting filtering elements in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/0335—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/037—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. of cyclone type, optionally combined or associated with agglomerators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
- F01N2230/02—Exhaust filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/12—Metallic wire mesh fabric or knitting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/02—Lead
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Lead particles are removed from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by deflecting the gases radially through holes in an inlet pipe to impinge on a wire mesh or expanded metal packing in a first annular chamber for absorption of lead particles, the gases then passing through a chamber in which a helical vortex flow is imparted to the gases, which then enter a convergent duct, backed by a further porous packing, where centrifugal separation of further lead particles takes place, accompanied by a reversal of the gas flow direction, followed by axial straightening of the gas flow before discharge of the gases into an axial outlet pipe.
Lead particles are removed from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by deflecting the gases radially through holes in an inlet pipe to impinge on a wire mesh or expanded metal packing in a first annular chamber for absorption of lead particles, the gases then passing through a chamber in which a helical vortex flow is imparted to the gases, which then enter a convergent duct, backed by a further porous packing, where centrifugal separation of further lead particles takes place, accompanied by a reversal of the gas flow direction, followed by axial straightening of the gas flow before discharge of the gases into an axial outlet pipe.
Description
~7~
The present invention relates to a device for removing pollutant particles, particularly lead particles,from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
An object of the invention is to provide a device as aforesaid which is efEective both as a silencer of the engine exhaust and as a means of removing lead particles from the exhaust gases.
According to the invention there is provided a device for removing pollutant particles, particularly lead particles, from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, characterised by the fact that it comprises,in combination: a cylindrical casing having-first and second end walls; two dividing walls inside the cylindrical casing, subdividing the interior of the casing into three chambers: a first end chamber, an intermediate chamber and a second end chamber;
an axial inlet pipe extending through the first end wall of the casing into the first end chamber up to the first dividing wall, said inlet pipe having holes for the passage of the exhaust gases in~o the space between the said pipe and the internal surface of the cylindrical casing; an annular chamber, containing a porous packing, disposed within the first end chamber and adjacent the internal surface of the casing, delimited internally by a cylindrical wall which is fixed to the casing and provided with holes , ~
.
, ... ~, :.
7~
for the passage of the exhaust gases into the annul~r chamber, the first dividing wall also having holes, arranged circumferentially around the inlet pipe, for the flow of the exhaust gases into the intermediate chamber; an axial pipe, disposed inside the casing extending from the first dividing wall and passing through the second dividing wall and the second end wall of the casin~; a number of guide baffles, extending axi-ally within the intermediate chamber between said axial pipe and the internal surface of the casing, the guide baffles being adapted to impress on the exhaust gases a helicoidal vortex motion, the second dividing wall having an annular opening surrounding the axial pipe, for the passage of the exhaust gases into the second end chamber; an annular chamber within the second end chamber, delimited by said axial pipe and enclosed by a frusto-conical wall, which encourages a centrifugal flow of the exhaust gases, compelling said gases to flow through said chamber and to reverse their flow directions, the space between the frusto-conical wall and the wall of the casing being filled with a porous packing; a number of radial axially extending partitions placed inside the said annular chamber and surrounding said axial pipe; said partitions having their radially outer ends in contact with a shroud, and being adapted to straighten the vortex flow of the exhaust gas s after the latter have reversed their flow "
direction in the annular chamber, the said axial pipe being also provided with holes for the passage of the straightened flow of exhaust gases into the axial pipe for discharge to an outlet end of said pipe.
The invention will be further described, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a device according to one embodiment of the invention, and Figures 2 to 6 are respective cross-sectional views of the device taken on the lines II-II, III-III, IV-IV, V-V and VI-VI respectively in Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings,the illustrated device for removing lead particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine includes a cylindrical casing 1 made by forming a rectangular steel sheet into a tube and welding the longer edges together along a seam 2. The casing 1 has opposite end walls 3, 4,-each of which is formed by a disc welded externally to the wall of the casing 1.
Two transverse dividing walls 5, 6 are fixed within the casing 1, each formed by a disc of sheet steel welded peripherally to the inside surface of the ¢asing 1, and dividing the in~erior of the casing 1 into three chambers, a first end chamber 7, an intermediate chamber 8 and a second end chamber 9.
An exhaust gas inlet pipe 10 passes through the r ~
end wall 3 of the casing 1 and extends into the first end chamber 7; the pipe 10 is welded at its internal end to the dividing wall 5, which closes this end of the pipe 10. The wall of the pipe 10 within the casing is perforated with holes 11, uniformly distributed on the surface of the pipe 10, for the passage of the exhaust gases which flow through the pipe 10 into the annular space between the external wall of the pipe 10 and the wall of the casing 1.
An annular chamber 12, one wall of which is formed by the internal surface of the casing 1 is located in the chamber 7, the chamber 12 having an inner cylindrical wall 13 perforated with holes 14.
The wall 13 is formed by two semi-cylindrical shells 15, 16 provided with longitudinal edge flanges 15a and 16a which are welded together and are also welded to the internal surface of the casing 1 (Figure 2).
The annular chamber 12 is filled with a porous material, formed pxeferably by wire mesh or by pieces of expanded metal.
The dividing wall 5 has a number of holes 17 distributed circumferentially around the inlet pipe 10 to allow the passage of the exhaust gases from the chamber 7 into the intermediate chamber 8 (Figure 3).
An axial pipe 18 extends within the casing 1 and is welded at one end to thP dividing wall 5, the pipe 18 passing through the dividing wall 6 and the end wall , . ~
4 of the container 1.
Within the chamber 8, in the space defined between the external surface of pipe 18 and the internal surface of the casing 1, three symmetricallyarranged curved guide baffles, 19, 20 and 21 are mounted. As shown in Figure 4, each baffle 19 t 20, 21 comprises a cylindrical segment of sheet steel fixed at its opposite axial ends to the dividing walls 5 and 6, and disposed in such a way as to compel the exhaust gases to flow through the chamber 8 with a helicoidal vortex movement. The dividing wall 6 is spaced from the external surface of the axial pipe 18 by an annular opening 22 which allows the exhaust gases to pass from the chamber 8 into the second end chamber 9.
A tubular wall 23 having a substantially frusto-conical portion tapering towards the end wall 4 is disposed within the chamber 9, and fixed therein by welding of its larger cross-section end to the dividing wall 6, its smaller cross-section end being fixed to the external surface of the axial pipe 18 .
adjacent the end wall 4. An annular chamber 24 is defined between the extPrnal surface of the pipe lB
and the internal surface of the tubular wall 23. The wall 23 is provided with slots 25 for the passage of the exhaust gases from the chamber 24 into an annular chamber ~6 delimited internally by the frusto-conical surface of the tubular wall 23 and externally .
~L.~ 7~5~5 by the internal surface of the casing 1. The annular chamber 26 is filled with a porous material, preferably wire mesh or pieces of expanded metal.
A sheet metal strip 27 folded into corrugations (Figure 5) is placed around the external surface of the pipe 18 inside the chamber 24 so as to form radial partitions 28. The outer ends of the partitions 28 are in contact with a shroud 29 coaxial with ~he pipe 18 and fixed to the partitions 28 by means of three radially inwardly projecting lugs 30 on the shroud.
The axial pipe 18 has, adjacent the radial partitions 28, four slots 32, angularly equidistant from each other. After a reversal in the direction of flow the exhaust gases flow between the radial partitions 28 the exhaust gases flow through the slots 32 into the interior of the axial pipe 18. A deflector 31 is fixed to the shroud 29 and to the external wall of the axial pipe 18, for the deflection of the exhaust gases radially inwardly through the slots 32.
The operation of the illustrated device i5 as follows:
The exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine j~ are directed into the inlet pipe 10. Since there '~ are no holes in the part of the dividing wall ~S which closes the end of the pipe 10, the exhaust gases are compelled to pass outwardly through the holes 11 o~ the pipe 10, flowing into the space between the external surface of the pipe 10 and the internal sur$ace ~
casing 1. Some of the exhaust gases flow into the chamber 12 through the holes 14; in the chamber the heavier lead particles contained in the exhaust gases flow into and remain trapped in the packing material in said chamber.
From the chamber 12 the exhaust gases pass through the holes 17 in the dividing wall into the chamber 8.
In flowing through the chamber 8 the guide baffles 19, 20, 21 impress on the flow of exhaust gases a helicoidal vortex motion. The vorte~ flow of exhaust gases around the outside of the axial pipe 18, passes through the annular opening 22 into the chamber 9. The vortex flow of exhaust gases is deflected outwardly by the deflector 31 to flow around the shroud 29 into the chamber 24.
The gases flowing into the chamber 24 keep their vortex motion by virtue of the decrease of the flow cross-section of the-chamber due to the conicity of the wall 23. On reaching the smaller cross section end of the chamber 24 the exhaust gases are compelled to reverse their direction of flow in the chamher 24.. The centrifuging thus effected will force the lead particles contained in the exhaust gases, which had not been trapped in the chamber 12, against the frusto-conical part of the wall 23~ The slots 25 allow these lead.
particles to pass into the chamber 26 where they are trapped ' ' ' ' ' ~' :
':
~7~
by the packing material therein.
The exhaust gases flowing in the reverse direstion in the chamber 24 are compelled to pass between the radial partitions 28 which eliminate the vortex flow previously impressed on the gases. The straightened flow is forced by the deflectors 31 to pass inwardly through the slots 32 into the pipe 18, through which the exhaust gases are then discharged to the atmosphere.
It will be evident that by means of the device according to this invention lead particles and other heavy particles contained in the exhaust gases o~ an internal combustion engine are effectively removed from the exhaust gases by means which take advantage both of the principle of inertial impact, due - to which the heavier particles are separated, and of the principle of centrifugal separation.
It will be understood that practical embodiments of the invention may be widely varied with respect to what has been described and illustrated by w~y of non-limiting example, without departing from the scope ofthe invention.
_ g ..
::
. . . .. .
:
' :
The present invention relates to a device for removing pollutant particles, particularly lead particles,from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
An object of the invention is to provide a device as aforesaid which is efEective both as a silencer of the engine exhaust and as a means of removing lead particles from the exhaust gases.
According to the invention there is provided a device for removing pollutant particles, particularly lead particles, from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, characterised by the fact that it comprises,in combination: a cylindrical casing having-first and second end walls; two dividing walls inside the cylindrical casing, subdividing the interior of the casing into three chambers: a first end chamber, an intermediate chamber and a second end chamber;
an axial inlet pipe extending through the first end wall of the casing into the first end chamber up to the first dividing wall, said inlet pipe having holes for the passage of the exhaust gases in~o the space between the said pipe and the internal surface of the cylindrical casing; an annular chamber, containing a porous packing, disposed within the first end chamber and adjacent the internal surface of the casing, delimited internally by a cylindrical wall which is fixed to the casing and provided with holes , ~
.
, ... ~, :.
7~
for the passage of the exhaust gases into the annul~r chamber, the first dividing wall also having holes, arranged circumferentially around the inlet pipe, for the flow of the exhaust gases into the intermediate chamber; an axial pipe, disposed inside the casing extending from the first dividing wall and passing through the second dividing wall and the second end wall of the casin~; a number of guide baffles, extending axi-ally within the intermediate chamber between said axial pipe and the internal surface of the casing, the guide baffles being adapted to impress on the exhaust gases a helicoidal vortex motion, the second dividing wall having an annular opening surrounding the axial pipe, for the passage of the exhaust gases into the second end chamber; an annular chamber within the second end chamber, delimited by said axial pipe and enclosed by a frusto-conical wall, which encourages a centrifugal flow of the exhaust gases, compelling said gases to flow through said chamber and to reverse their flow directions, the space between the frusto-conical wall and the wall of the casing being filled with a porous packing; a number of radial axially extending partitions placed inside the said annular chamber and surrounding said axial pipe; said partitions having their radially outer ends in contact with a shroud, and being adapted to straighten the vortex flow of the exhaust gas s after the latter have reversed their flow "
direction in the annular chamber, the said axial pipe being also provided with holes for the passage of the straightened flow of exhaust gases into the axial pipe for discharge to an outlet end of said pipe.
The invention will be further described, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a device according to one embodiment of the invention, and Figures 2 to 6 are respective cross-sectional views of the device taken on the lines II-II, III-III, IV-IV, V-V and VI-VI respectively in Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings,the illustrated device for removing lead particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine includes a cylindrical casing 1 made by forming a rectangular steel sheet into a tube and welding the longer edges together along a seam 2. The casing 1 has opposite end walls 3, 4,-each of which is formed by a disc welded externally to the wall of the casing 1.
Two transverse dividing walls 5, 6 are fixed within the casing 1, each formed by a disc of sheet steel welded peripherally to the inside surface of the ¢asing 1, and dividing the in~erior of the casing 1 into three chambers, a first end chamber 7, an intermediate chamber 8 and a second end chamber 9.
An exhaust gas inlet pipe 10 passes through the r ~
end wall 3 of the casing 1 and extends into the first end chamber 7; the pipe 10 is welded at its internal end to the dividing wall 5, which closes this end of the pipe 10. The wall of the pipe 10 within the casing is perforated with holes 11, uniformly distributed on the surface of the pipe 10, for the passage of the exhaust gases which flow through the pipe 10 into the annular space between the external wall of the pipe 10 and the wall of the casing 1.
An annular chamber 12, one wall of which is formed by the internal surface of the casing 1 is located in the chamber 7, the chamber 12 having an inner cylindrical wall 13 perforated with holes 14.
The wall 13 is formed by two semi-cylindrical shells 15, 16 provided with longitudinal edge flanges 15a and 16a which are welded together and are also welded to the internal surface of the casing 1 (Figure 2).
The annular chamber 12 is filled with a porous material, formed pxeferably by wire mesh or by pieces of expanded metal.
The dividing wall 5 has a number of holes 17 distributed circumferentially around the inlet pipe 10 to allow the passage of the exhaust gases from the chamber 7 into the intermediate chamber 8 (Figure 3).
An axial pipe 18 extends within the casing 1 and is welded at one end to thP dividing wall 5, the pipe 18 passing through the dividing wall 6 and the end wall , . ~
4 of the container 1.
Within the chamber 8, in the space defined between the external surface of pipe 18 and the internal surface of the casing 1, three symmetricallyarranged curved guide baffles, 19, 20 and 21 are mounted. As shown in Figure 4, each baffle 19 t 20, 21 comprises a cylindrical segment of sheet steel fixed at its opposite axial ends to the dividing walls 5 and 6, and disposed in such a way as to compel the exhaust gases to flow through the chamber 8 with a helicoidal vortex movement. The dividing wall 6 is spaced from the external surface of the axial pipe 18 by an annular opening 22 which allows the exhaust gases to pass from the chamber 8 into the second end chamber 9.
A tubular wall 23 having a substantially frusto-conical portion tapering towards the end wall 4 is disposed within the chamber 9, and fixed therein by welding of its larger cross-section end to the dividing wall 6, its smaller cross-section end being fixed to the external surface of the axial pipe 18 .
adjacent the end wall 4. An annular chamber 24 is defined between the extPrnal surface of the pipe lB
and the internal surface of the tubular wall 23. The wall 23 is provided with slots 25 for the passage of the exhaust gases from the chamber 24 into an annular chamber ~6 delimited internally by the frusto-conical surface of the tubular wall 23 and externally .
~L.~ 7~5~5 by the internal surface of the casing 1. The annular chamber 26 is filled with a porous material, preferably wire mesh or pieces of expanded metal.
A sheet metal strip 27 folded into corrugations (Figure 5) is placed around the external surface of the pipe 18 inside the chamber 24 so as to form radial partitions 28. The outer ends of the partitions 28 are in contact with a shroud 29 coaxial with ~he pipe 18 and fixed to the partitions 28 by means of three radially inwardly projecting lugs 30 on the shroud.
The axial pipe 18 has, adjacent the radial partitions 28, four slots 32, angularly equidistant from each other. After a reversal in the direction of flow the exhaust gases flow between the radial partitions 28 the exhaust gases flow through the slots 32 into the interior of the axial pipe 18. A deflector 31 is fixed to the shroud 29 and to the external wall of the axial pipe 18, for the deflection of the exhaust gases radially inwardly through the slots 32.
The operation of the illustrated device i5 as follows:
The exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine j~ are directed into the inlet pipe 10. Since there '~ are no holes in the part of the dividing wall ~S which closes the end of the pipe 10, the exhaust gases are compelled to pass outwardly through the holes 11 o~ the pipe 10, flowing into the space between the external surface of the pipe 10 and the internal sur$ace ~
casing 1. Some of the exhaust gases flow into the chamber 12 through the holes 14; in the chamber the heavier lead particles contained in the exhaust gases flow into and remain trapped in the packing material in said chamber.
From the chamber 12 the exhaust gases pass through the holes 17 in the dividing wall into the chamber 8.
In flowing through the chamber 8 the guide baffles 19, 20, 21 impress on the flow of exhaust gases a helicoidal vortex motion. The vorte~ flow of exhaust gases around the outside of the axial pipe 18, passes through the annular opening 22 into the chamber 9. The vortex flow of exhaust gases is deflected outwardly by the deflector 31 to flow around the shroud 29 into the chamber 24.
The gases flowing into the chamber 24 keep their vortex motion by virtue of the decrease of the flow cross-section of the-chamber due to the conicity of the wall 23. On reaching the smaller cross section end of the chamber 24 the exhaust gases are compelled to reverse their direction of flow in the chamher 24.. The centrifuging thus effected will force the lead particles contained in the exhaust gases, which had not been trapped in the chamber 12, against the frusto-conical part of the wall 23~ The slots 25 allow these lead.
particles to pass into the chamber 26 where they are trapped ' ' ' ' ' ~' :
':
~7~
by the packing material therein.
The exhaust gases flowing in the reverse direstion in the chamber 24 are compelled to pass between the radial partitions 28 which eliminate the vortex flow previously impressed on the gases. The straightened flow is forced by the deflectors 31 to pass inwardly through the slots 32 into the pipe 18, through which the exhaust gases are then discharged to the atmosphere.
It will be evident that by means of the device according to this invention lead particles and other heavy particles contained in the exhaust gases o~ an internal combustion engine are effectively removed from the exhaust gases by means which take advantage both of the principle of inertial impact, due - to which the heavier particles are separated, and of the principle of centrifugal separation.
It will be understood that practical embodiments of the invention may be widely varied with respect to what has been described and illustrated by w~y of non-limiting example, without departing from the scope ofthe invention.
_ g ..
::
. . . .. .
:
' :
Claims (4)
- THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
l. Device for the removal of pollutant particles, particularly lead particles, from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising in combination:
- a cylindrical casing having first and second end walls;
- two dividing walls within the cylindrical casing and sub-dividing the interior of the casing into three chambers: a first end chamber, an intermediate chamber and a second end chamber;
- a first axial inlet pipe extending through the first end wall of the casing in-to the first end chamber to the first dividing wall, said inlet pipe having holes for the passage of the exhaust gases into the space between the said pipe and the internal surface of said cylindrical casing, and said first dividing wall having holes arranged circumferentially around the inlet pipe, for the flow of exhaust gases into the intermediate chamber;
- a cylindrical wall fixed within the casing and defining a first annular chamber within the first end chamber, said cylindrical wall being perforated for the passage of the exhaust gases into the first annular chamber;
- a porous packing within said first annular chamber;
- a second axial pipe disposed within the casing extending from the first dividing wall and passing through the second dividing wall and the second end wall of the casing;
- a number of guide baffles, extending axially within the inter-mediate chamber between said second axial pipe and the internal surface of the casing, said guide baffles being adapted to impress on the exhaust gases a helicoidal vortex motion, the second dividing wall having an annular opening surrounding the second axial pipe, for the passage of the exhaust gases into the second end chamber;
- a frusto-conical wall enclosing a second annular chamber within the second end chamber and delimited by said second axial pipe, said frusto-conical wall encouraging a centrifugal flow of the exhaust gases, compelling said gases to flow through said second annular chamber and to reverse their flow directions;
- a further porous packing in the space between the frusto-conical wall and the casing;
- a number of radial axially extending partitions within the said second annular chamber and surrounding said second axial pipe, - a shroud in contact with the radially outer ends of the said partitions, said partitions being adapted to straighten the vortex flow of the exhaust gases after the latter have reversed their flow direction in the second annular chamber, and said second axial pipe being also provided with holes for the passage of the straightened flow of exhaust gases into the second axial pipe for discharge to an outlet end of said second axial pipe. - 2. The device defined in claim 1, wherein the radial partitions are formed by a convoluted metal sheet.
- 3. The device defined in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the porous packings comprise wire mesh.
- 4. The device defined in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the porous packings comprise expanded metal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT67071-A/78 | 1978-01-16 | ||
| IT67071/78A IT1156413B (en) | 1978-01-16 | 1978-01-16 | DEVICE FOR THE SEPARATION OF LEAD PARTICLES FROM THE EXHAUST GASES OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1107655A true CA1107655A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
Family
ID=11299346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA318,579A Expired CA1107655A (en) | 1978-01-16 | 1978-12-22 | Device for removing lead particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54133217A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU511466B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1107655A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2856728A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES476515A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2414622A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2012182B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1156413B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7812580A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ189307A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA787298B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010043048A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-22 | Nxtgen Emission Controls Inc. | Fuel processor with improved carbon management control |
| GB0903323D0 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2009-04-08 | Nano Porous Solutions Ltd | A fluid separation device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1927213A (en) * | 1930-08-15 | 1933-09-19 | Buffalo Pressed Steel Company | Silencer |
| US3688476A (en) * | 1969-11-24 | 1972-09-05 | Ethyl Corp | Exhaust system |
| US3822531A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1974-07-09 | Ppg Industries Inc | Device for agglomerating and separating particulates from a gas |
| GB1443652A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1976-07-21 | Nissan Motor | Combination exhaust-gas cleaner and muffler for an automobile engine |
-
1978
- 1978-01-16 IT IT67071/78A patent/IT1156413B/en active
- 1978-12-22 CA CA318,579A patent/CA1107655A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-27 ZA ZA00787298A patent/ZA787298B/en unknown
- 1978-12-27 NL NL7812580A patent/NL7812580A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-12-28 AU AU42902/78A patent/AU511466B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-29 JP JP16441478A patent/JPS54133217A/en active Pending
- 1978-12-29 FR FR7836896A patent/FR2414622A1/en active Granted
- 1978-12-29 DE DE19782856728 patent/DE2856728A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1978-12-29 DE DE19787838812U patent/DE7838812U1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-29 GB GB7850203A patent/GB2012182B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-30 ES ES476515A patent/ES476515A1/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-01-04 NZ NZ189307A patent/NZ189307A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2012182A (en) | 1979-07-25 |
| JPS54133217A (en) | 1979-10-16 |
| FR2414622A1 (en) | 1979-08-10 |
| FR2414622B1 (en) | 1984-03-02 |
| ES476515A1 (en) | 1979-07-16 |
| DE2856728A1 (en) | 1979-07-19 |
| AU4290278A (en) | 1979-07-26 |
| GB2012182B (en) | 1982-03-10 |
| NL7812580A (en) | 1979-07-18 |
| IT7867071A0 (en) | 1978-01-16 |
| ZA787298B (en) | 1979-12-27 |
| AU511466B2 (en) | 1980-08-21 |
| NZ189307A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
| DE7838812U1 (en) | 1981-02-26 |
| IT1156413B (en) | 1987-02-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3969096A (en) | Cyclone separator having multiple-vaned gas inlets | |
| US3530649A (en) | Air pollution control device for engines | |
| US3064411A (en) | Separator | |
| US4035171A (en) | Gas liquid separator for flare systems | |
| US5403557A (en) | Emission control apparatus for diesel engine | |
| US4877431A (en) | Radial impingement separator | |
| US4579195A (en) | Exhaust gas silencer | |
| KR19980702293A (en) | Gas generators made of metal sheets for car passenger protection | |
| GB1358539A (en) | Silencing apparatus | |
| CA1107655A (en) | Device for removing lead particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine | |
| US4557349A (en) | Sound-muffling system | |
| US4296832A (en) | Exhaust muffler | |
| US3371472A (en) | Spark arrester | |
| EP0784498B1 (en) | Removal of particulate material | |
| JPH033914A (en) | Exhaust gas purifier needing catalyst action used for internal combustion engine and silincer | |
| US3964570A (en) | Silencer for combustion engines | |
| US6981995B2 (en) | Separator for fluids and solids | |
| US4635753A (en) | Noise converter | |
| RU2079379C1 (en) | Submerged pipe for the devices intended for separation of substance mixtures under centrifugal force | |
| US6226984B1 (en) | Marine wet exhaust system | |
| US7470300B2 (en) | Duct wall water extractor | |
| WO1987007185A1 (en) | Gas-liquid separator | |
| JPS602890B2 (en) | Filter with fixed strainer | |
| CA1107654A (en) | Device for separating lead particles from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine | |
| US3385037A (en) | Inertial air cleaner |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |