CA1102938A - Smoke retardant polyvinyl chloride compositions - Google Patents
Smoke retardant polyvinyl chloride compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1102938A CA1102938A CA287,794A CA287794A CA1102938A CA 1102938 A CA1102938 A CA 1102938A CA 287794 A CA287794 A CA 287794A CA 1102938 A CA1102938 A CA 1102938A
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- parts
- smoke
- composition
- polyvinyl
- zinc oxide
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Polyvinyl chloride resins are rendered smoke retardant by the incorporation therein of a mixture of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate.
Polyvinyl chloride resins are rendered smoke retardant by the incorporation therein of a mixture of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate.
Description
Smoke-retardant polyvinyl halide polymer compositions containing a combination of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide tri-hydrate as the smoke retardants are disclosed.
Zinc oxide has previously been used with polyvinyl chloride resins as a stabilizer (U.S.P. 3,4~6,765), as a pigment (U.S.P. 2,682,484), and as a stabilizer for blowing agent prom-oters (U.S.P. 3,041,193).
Synthetic materials undergoing forced combustion emit smoke and toxic gases which are dangerous fire hazards because they impair escape, produce injury, limit survival and hamper fire fighting efforts. The latest statistics indicate that about half of the fatalities from accidental fires are caused by smoke rather than by heat or actual burning, thus emphasizing the need for the development of synthetic organic materials with as minimal smoke generating properties as possible. This is ; especially true for such applications as linings of aircraft, watercraft, motor vehicles, and house interiors, as well as for furniture and the like.
Under forced combustion, polyvinyl, halide compositions are known to emit large amounts of black smoke and compositions which contain-plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate, emit even more smoke than the unplasticized counterparts. Flame retard-ants such as the oxides of tin, lead, magnesium, manganese, tellurium, titanium, copper, chromium, aluminum, vanadium and tungsten are of no value as smoke retardants in polyvinyl halides. Indeed, antimony oxide, which is widely used as a flame retarder in polyvinyl halide composltions, may often increase the generation of smoke upon forced combustion.
Thus, in one aspect, this invention provides a polyvinyl halide with a mixture containing smoke retardant amounts of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydra-te. In another aspect, this invention provides a polyvinyl halide compounded with one or more ~2~3~
plasticizers, an antimony compound as a ~lame retardant, and smoke retardant amoun-ts-of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide tri-hydrate. The preferred mixture of plasticizers is a blend of an alkyl trimellitate and an alkyl phthalate with antimony trioxide as the preferred antimony compound.
Therefore, this invention serves to provide compositions with a markedly reduced tendency to smoke during combustion - a much desired safety feature. Accordingly, this invention results in an improvement to the sa~ety characteristics in materials utilized in constructions.
In the practice o~ this invention, smoke retardant amounts of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate are used to render a polyvinyl halide smoke retardant.
The zinc oxide is used in an amount of from about 1 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts of polyvlnyl chloride resin. The aluminum oxide trihydrate is used in an amount from about 6 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts of resin. Preferably, the zinc oxide is used in 1 - 25 parts, most preferably 2-12 parts and the aluminum oxide trihydrate in 10-50 parts. The ratio of the aluminum oxide trihydrate to the zinc oxide may vary widely within the ranges of ingredients specified above. Generally the ; aluminum oxide trihydrate is used in either the same amount as the zinc oxide or up to 30 times as much. Thus, the ratio o~
aluminum oxide trihydrate to zinc oxide should be from about 1:1 to 30:1.
Polyvinyl halide resins applicable in this invention include homopolymers, copolymers, and polymer mixtures. Examp-lary of applicable polyvinyl halide resins are:
1. Homopolymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl bromide, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, poly~
dichlorostyrene and the llke,
Zinc oxide has previously been used with polyvinyl chloride resins as a stabilizer (U.S.P. 3,4~6,765), as a pigment (U.S.P. 2,682,484), and as a stabilizer for blowing agent prom-oters (U.S.P. 3,041,193).
Synthetic materials undergoing forced combustion emit smoke and toxic gases which are dangerous fire hazards because they impair escape, produce injury, limit survival and hamper fire fighting efforts. The latest statistics indicate that about half of the fatalities from accidental fires are caused by smoke rather than by heat or actual burning, thus emphasizing the need for the development of synthetic organic materials with as minimal smoke generating properties as possible. This is ; especially true for such applications as linings of aircraft, watercraft, motor vehicles, and house interiors, as well as for furniture and the like.
Under forced combustion, polyvinyl, halide compositions are known to emit large amounts of black smoke and compositions which contain-plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate, emit even more smoke than the unplasticized counterparts. Flame retard-ants such as the oxides of tin, lead, magnesium, manganese, tellurium, titanium, copper, chromium, aluminum, vanadium and tungsten are of no value as smoke retardants in polyvinyl halides. Indeed, antimony oxide, which is widely used as a flame retarder in polyvinyl halide composltions, may often increase the generation of smoke upon forced combustion.
Thus, in one aspect, this invention provides a polyvinyl halide with a mixture containing smoke retardant amounts of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydra-te. In another aspect, this invention provides a polyvinyl halide compounded with one or more ~2~3~
plasticizers, an antimony compound as a ~lame retardant, and smoke retardant amoun-ts-of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide tri-hydrate. The preferred mixture of plasticizers is a blend of an alkyl trimellitate and an alkyl phthalate with antimony trioxide as the preferred antimony compound.
Therefore, this invention serves to provide compositions with a markedly reduced tendency to smoke during combustion - a much desired safety feature. Accordingly, this invention results in an improvement to the sa~ety characteristics in materials utilized in constructions.
In the practice o~ this invention, smoke retardant amounts of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate are used to render a polyvinyl halide smoke retardant.
The zinc oxide is used in an amount of from about 1 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts of polyvlnyl chloride resin. The aluminum oxide trihydrate is used in an amount from about 6 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts of resin. Preferably, the zinc oxide is used in 1 - 25 parts, most preferably 2-12 parts and the aluminum oxide trihydrate in 10-50 parts. The ratio of the aluminum oxide trihydrate to the zinc oxide may vary widely within the ranges of ingredients specified above. Generally the ; aluminum oxide trihydrate is used in either the same amount as the zinc oxide or up to 30 times as much. Thus, the ratio o~
aluminum oxide trihydrate to zinc oxide should be from about 1:1 to 30:1.
Polyvinyl halide resins applicable in this invention include homopolymers, copolymers, and polymer mixtures. Examp-lary of applicable polyvinyl halide resins are:
1. Homopolymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl bromide, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, poly~
dichlorostyrene and the llke,
2. Copolymers, such as vinyl chIoride-vinyl acetate, .L'~
3~
vinyl chloride-vinyl alcohol~ vinylidene chloride-~inyl chloride, vinyl chloride-diethyl ~aleate, vinyl chloride esters of un-saturated alcohols and unsaturated acids, and the like; and 3. ~ixtures, such as polyvinyl chloride and poly-dichlorostyrene; polyvinyl chloride and vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer; and polyvinyl chlorlde, polyvinylidene chloride, and a copolymer of vinyl chloride-diethylmaleate, and the like.
The resins can be treated with the smoke retardant add-itives in any convenient manner. In some instances, smokeretardancy can be achieved by treating one or more surfaces of a plastic article with the additive-containing resin composition such that a treated surface is coated, i.e., overlaid or padded, with the additive composition. In like manner, textile fabrics of all types and constructions can be overlaid with a layer or thin skin of the additive composition.
Suitable plasticizers for the above types of resins, especially for polyvinyl chloride, are generally used in the range of 20 to 100 parts by weight per lO0 parts by weight of polyvinyl halide and include high boiling esters, such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, bis~(2-ethylhexyl) azelate~ diethylene glycol diben~oate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, epoxidized soybean oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dipelargonate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) isophthalate, butyl oleate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phos-phate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphat~, 2-ethyl-hexyl diphenyl phosphate, butyl octyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, n-octyl n-decyl phthalate, isooctyl isodecyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, isodecyl benzyl phthalate, adipic acid poly-,,.," l ~29315 ester (mol. wt. 6000), adipic acid polyester (mol. wt. 2200), azelaic acid polyester (mol. wt. 1500), sebacic acid polyes-ter (mol. wt. 800), methyl ricinoleate, n~bu-tyl acetylricinoleate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, butyl acetoxystearate, alkyl sulfonic acid ester oE phenol and cresol and tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimel-litate.
Other sultable plasticizers include chlorinated (54%
chlorine) biphenyl, hydrogenated terphenyls, polyalkyl-naphthalenes, chlorinated (24-70% chIorine) paraffin, N-cyclo-hexyl p-toluenesulfonamide, and copolymers of a conjugated diolefin having less than 7 carbon atoms, such as butadiene, with a copolymerizable monomer such as acrylonitrile or methyl isopropenyl ketone.
For minimum smoke generation, it has been found that a particularly effective plasticizer is a mixture of a phthalate-type p]asticizer and a trimellitate plasticizer.
In general, improved flame retardance can be provided to compositions of this invention by incorporating therein metallic compounds wherein the metal is antimony, arsenic or bismuth in an amount of from about 1 to 30% by weight of the said polymeric composition. Antimony oxide is the compound that is preferred for use in the present inventionO However, many other antimony compounds are suitable~ Suitable antimony compounds lnclude the sulfides of antimony, salts of the alkali metals of Group I of the Periodic Table, antimony salts of organic acids and their pentavalent derivatives and the esters of antimonius acids and their pentavalent derivatives. It is convenient to use sodium antimonite or potassium antimonite when it is desired to use an alkali metal salt of the~antimony for compositions of this invention. U.S Patent 2~996,52g discloses suitable antimony salts of oxganic acids and their pentavalent derivatives. Com-pounds of this class include antimony butyrate, antimony -- 4 ~
~.1.,s !
\; ,~
3~
valerate, antimony caproate, antimony heptylate, an-timony cap-rylate, antimony pelargonate, antimony caprate, antimony cinna-ma-te, antimony anisate, and their pentavalent dihalide deriva-tives. Likwise, the esters of antimonius acids and their pent-avalent derivatives are disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,993,924 such as tris-n-octyl antimonite, tris(2-ethylhexyl) antimonite, tri-benzyl antimonite, tris(beta-chIoroethyl) antimonite, tris(beta-chloropropyl) antimonite, tri(beta-chlorobutyl) antimonite, and ; their pentavalent dihalide derivaties. Still other suitable organic antimony compounds are the cyclic antimonites such as trimethylol propane- antimonite, pentaerythritol antimonite and ; glycerol antimonite. The corresponding arsenic and bismuth compounds can also be employed, in particular the oxides of arsenic and bismuth.
Other compounding ingredients may be used in the poly-vinyl halide compositions of this invention lncluding light and heat stabilizers, waxes, pigments, blowing agents, other flame retardants, and other fillers such as carbon black, silica, ; barytes, clay, wood flour and the like.
The formulations of this invention can be used in any applications where plasticized polyvinyl halides are acceptable, including, but not limited to, coated fabrics, wire and cable insulation and jacketing, wall covering and the like. Examples of suitable fibrous backing materials for coated fabric applica-tions are cotton fabric, rayon fabric, felt, paper, polyester fabric and blends of the preceding. The fabric may be coated by calendering, by cast coating, by plastisol coating, by roller coating or by other methods which are well known in the art.
In the practice of this invention, -the zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate smoke retardants, antimony compound flame retardant and any other compounding ingredients are blended into the resin by any appropriate blending or mixing ~2~3~
technique available in the art.
~ or the examples beIow, all of the compositions were pre-pared as follows, unless otherwise noted: The components were mixed first by hand and then for 10 minutes on a two roller electrically heated differentia:L mill maintained at a temperature of 150C. The hcmo~eneous mixture was then com~ression molded in a 33 ton hydraulic press for 10 minutes at 160C. under full pressure. A
3" x 6" x .020" mold was used. In order to text the smoke gen-eration of the various compositions, test specimens 3' x 3" x about .022" thick were cut from the sheets prepared by compres-sion molding the fluxed compositions as indicated above. Each specimen was placed on aluminum foil cut to size to permit over-lapping of the specimen face on all four sides. The wrapped specimen was placed in a holder and burned in the Aminco NBS
smoke chamber according to the directions supplied and in accord-ance with MBS Technical Note 708, of December 1971. The amount of smoke was measured by a photomultiplier. Specific optical density was calculated and then corrected for the soot remaining - -on the lens at the end of the test. Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating within a closed chamber due to the flaming combustion. Results are ex-pxessed in terms of specific optical density, ~hich is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density (absorbance). This is the single measurement most characteristic of the "concentration of smo]~e." The photometric scale used to measure smoke by this test method is similar to the optical density scale for human vision.
In the NBS test, the smaller the number, the less the smoke. It is to be noted that most values for the maximum specific optical density of a composition are the average of measurements made on two or more test speciments of each comp-osition. In general, two compositions are regarded as having ~,-J'~
i.~
3~
dif~erent smoke generating propertles i~ the di~erence in the maximum speci~ic optical densities is greater than 10.
Further details o~ the reduction in smoke generation are shown by the following examples whereln all composltlons are given in parts by weight ~or 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin. All compositions contained 1.8 parts o~ a barium-cadmium-zinc stabilizer, 2.7 parts epoxidized soybean oil, and 0.2 parts stearic acid unless otherwise noted.
Example_I
Compositions containing 100 parts polyvinyl chloride, 70 parts by weight of dioctylphthalate plasticizer (DOP), 10 parts by weight antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), and variable amounts of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate as shown below in Table ~-I were hand mixed on a two roll mill for 10 minutes. Each comp-osition was then compression molded to about 0.22" thickness as described earlier. Two samples each 3" square were then cut from the sheet and tested for smoke generation in the Aminco NBS
smoke chamber using the flaming test.
The results, summarized in Table I, show the synergistic interaction between the ~inc oxide and the aluminum oxide tri-hydrate in reducing the smoke generated by a polyvinyl chloride composition.
Table I
Composition A B C D E F
Polyvinyl chloride100100 100 100 100100 Sb23 10 10 10 1'0 10 10 Zinc oxide - 10 - 10 10 10 Aluminum oxide trihydrate - - 30 15 20 30 Maximum speci~ic optical density 413 430 480 239 204246 Example ~II
The procedure of Example I was repeated using~ various plasticizers. The compositions and smoke generation results are summarized in Table II below. Santicizer 711 is a mixed (C7-Cll) alkyl phthalate plasticizer. Santicizer 79TM is a mixed (C7-C9) trimellitate plasticizer.
Table II
-Composition G~I I J
Polyvinyl chloride 100100 100100 Santicizer 711 4040 28 28 Santicizer 79TM - - 12 12 Lead stabilizer (Tribase XL) 5 5 5 5 Antimony trioxide 3 3 3 3 Zinc oxide - 10 - 10 Aluminum oxide trihydrate30 30 30 30 Maximum specific optical density 337188 302173
vinyl chloride-vinyl alcohol~ vinylidene chloride-~inyl chloride, vinyl chloride-diethyl ~aleate, vinyl chloride esters of un-saturated alcohols and unsaturated acids, and the like; and 3. ~ixtures, such as polyvinyl chloride and poly-dichlorostyrene; polyvinyl chloride and vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer; and polyvinyl chlorlde, polyvinylidene chloride, and a copolymer of vinyl chloride-diethylmaleate, and the like.
The resins can be treated with the smoke retardant add-itives in any convenient manner. In some instances, smokeretardancy can be achieved by treating one or more surfaces of a plastic article with the additive-containing resin composition such that a treated surface is coated, i.e., overlaid or padded, with the additive composition. In like manner, textile fabrics of all types and constructions can be overlaid with a layer or thin skin of the additive composition.
Suitable plasticizers for the above types of resins, especially for polyvinyl chloride, are generally used in the range of 20 to 100 parts by weight per lO0 parts by weight of polyvinyl halide and include high boiling esters, such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, bis~(2-ethylhexyl) azelate~ diethylene glycol diben~oate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, epoxidized soybean oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dipelargonate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) isophthalate, butyl oleate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phos-phate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphat~, 2-ethyl-hexyl diphenyl phosphate, butyl octyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, n-octyl n-decyl phthalate, isooctyl isodecyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, isodecyl benzyl phthalate, adipic acid poly-,,.," l ~29315 ester (mol. wt. 6000), adipic acid polyester (mol. wt. 2200), azelaic acid polyester (mol. wt. 1500), sebacic acid polyes-ter (mol. wt. 800), methyl ricinoleate, n~bu-tyl acetylricinoleate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, butyl acetoxystearate, alkyl sulfonic acid ester oE phenol and cresol and tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimel-litate.
Other sultable plasticizers include chlorinated (54%
chlorine) biphenyl, hydrogenated terphenyls, polyalkyl-naphthalenes, chlorinated (24-70% chIorine) paraffin, N-cyclo-hexyl p-toluenesulfonamide, and copolymers of a conjugated diolefin having less than 7 carbon atoms, such as butadiene, with a copolymerizable monomer such as acrylonitrile or methyl isopropenyl ketone.
For minimum smoke generation, it has been found that a particularly effective plasticizer is a mixture of a phthalate-type p]asticizer and a trimellitate plasticizer.
In general, improved flame retardance can be provided to compositions of this invention by incorporating therein metallic compounds wherein the metal is antimony, arsenic or bismuth in an amount of from about 1 to 30% by weight of the said polymeric composition. Antimony oxide is the compound that is preferred for use in the present inventionO However, many other antimony compounds are suitable~ Suitable antimony compounds lnclude the sulfides of antimony, salts of the alkali metals of Group I of the Periodic Table, antimony salts of organic acids and their pentavalent derivatives and the esters of antimonius acids and their pentavalent derivatives. It is convenient to use sodium antimonite or potassium antimonite when it is desired to use an alkali metal salt of the~antimony for compositions of this invention. U.S Patent 2~996,52g discloses suitable antimony salts of oxganic acids and their pentavalent derivatives. Com-pounds of this class include antimony butyrate, antimony -- 4 ~
~.1.,s !
\; ,~
3~
valerate, antimony caproate, antimony heptylate, an-timony cap-rylate, antimony pelargonate, antimony caprate, antimony cinna-ma-te, antimony anisate, and their pentavalent dihalide deriva-tives. Likwise, the esters of antimonius acids and their pent-avalent derivatives are disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,993,924 such as tris-n-octyl antimonite, tris(2-ethylhexyl) antimonite, tri-benzyl antimonite, tris(beta-chIoroethyl) antimonite, tris(beta-chloropropyl) antimonite, tri(beta-chlorobutyl) antimonite, and ; their pentavalent dihalide derivaties. Still other suitable organic antimony compounds are the cyclic antimonites such as trimethylol propane- antimonite, pentaerythritol antimonite and ; glycerol antimonite. The corresponding arsenic and bismuth compounds can also be employed, in particular the oxides of arsenic and bismuth.
Other compounding ingredients may be used in the poly-vinyl halide compositions of this invention lncluding light and heat stabilizers, waxes, pigments, blowing agents, other flame retardants, and other fillers such as carbon black, silica, ; barytes, clay, wood flour and the like.
The formulations of this invention can be used in any applications where plasticized polyvinyl halides are acceptable, including, but not limited to, coated fabrics, wire and cable insulation and jacketing, wall covering and the like. Examples of suitable fibrous backing materials for coated fabric applica-tions are cotton fabric, rayon fabric, felt, paper, polyester fabric and blends of the preceding. The fabric may be coated by calendering, by cast coating, by plastisol coating, by roller coating or by other methods which are well known in the art.
In the practice of this invention, -the zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate smoke retardants, antimony compound flame retardant and any other compounding ingredients are blended into the resin by any appropriate blending or mixing ~2~3~
technique available in the art.
~ or the examples beIow, all of the compositions were pre-pared as follows, unless otherwise noted: The components were mixed first by hand and then for 10 minutes on a two roller electrically heated differentia:L mill maintained at a temperature of 150C. The hcmo~eneous mixture was then com~ression molded in a 33 ton hydraulic press for 10 minutes at 160C. under full pressure. A
3" x 6" x .020" mold was used. In order to text the smoke gen-eration of the various compositions, test specimens 3' x 3" x about .022" thick were cut from the sheets prepared by compres-sion molding the fluxed compositions as indicated above. Each specimen was placed on aluminum foil cut to size to permit over-lapping of the specimen face on all four sides. The wrapped specimen was placed in a holder and burned in the Aminco NBS
smoke chamber according to the directions supplied and in accord-ance with MBS Technical Note 708, of December 1971. The amount of smoke was measured by a photomultiplier. Specific optical density was calculated and then corrected for the soot remaining - -on the lens at the end of the test. Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating within a closed chamber due to the flaming combustion. Results are ex-pxessed in terms of specific optical density, ~hich is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density (absorbance). This is the single measurement most characteristic of the "concentration of smo]~e." The photometric scale used to measure smoke by this test method is similar to the optical density scale for human vision.
In the NBS test, the smaller the number, the less the smoke. It is to be noted that most values for the maximum specific optical density of a composition are the average of measurements made on two or more test speciments of each comp-osition. In general, two compositions are regarded as having ~,-J'~
i.~
3~
dif~erent smoke generating propertles i~ the di~erence in the maximum speci~ic optical densities is greater than 10.
Further details o~ the reduction in smoke generation are shown by the following examples whereln all composltlons are given in parts by weight ~or 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin. All compositions contained 1.8 parts o~ a barium-cadmium-zinc stabilizer, 2.7 parts epoxidized soybean oil, and 0.2 parts stearic acid unless otherwise noted.
Example_I
Compositions containing 100 parts polyvinyl chloride, 70 parts by weight of dioctylphthalate plasticizer (DOP), 10 parts by weight antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), and variable amounts of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate as shown below in Table ~-I were hand mixed on a two roll mill for 10 minutes. Each comp-osition was then compression molded to about 0.22" thickness as described earlier. Two samples each 3" square were then cut from the sheet and tested for smoke generation in the Aminco NBS
smoke chamber using the flaming test.
The results, summarized in Table I, show the synergistic interaction between the ~inc oxide and the aluminum oxide tri-hydrate in reducing the smoke generated by a polyvinyl chloride composition.
Table I
Composition A B C D E F
Polyvinyl chloride100100 100 100 100100 Sb23 10 10 10 1'0 10 10 Zinc oxide - 10 - 10 10 10 Aluminum oxide trihydrate - - 30 15 20 30 Maximum speci~ic optical density 413 430 480 239 204246 Example ~II
The procedure of Example I was repeated using~ various plasticizers. The compositions and smoke generation results are summarized in Table II below. Santicizer 711 is a mixed (C7-Cll) alkyl phthalate plasticizer. Santicizer 79TM is a mixed (C7-C9) trimellitate plasticizer.
Table II
-Composition G~I I J
Polyvinyl chloride 100100 100100 Santicizer 711 4040 28 28 Santicizer 79TM - - 12 12 Lead stabilizer (Tribase XL) 5 5 5 5 Antimony trioxide 3 3 3 3 Zinc oxide - 10 - 10 Aluminum oxide trihydrate30 30 30 30 Maximum specific optical density 337188 302173
Claims (6)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A composition of matter comprising a polyvinyl halide, 1-30 parts of zinc oxide, and 6-150 parts of Aluminum oxide tri-hydrate, said composition exhibiting substantially reduced smoke generation upon burning as a result of the smoke retarding com-bination of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide trihydrate.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polyvinyl hal-ide is polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the zinc oxide is present in about 1-25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said polyvinyl halide.
4. The composition of claim 1 additionally containing up to about 100 parts by weight of a plasticizer for the polyvinyl halide.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the plasticizer is selected from phthalates, phosphates, trimellitates and mixtures thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 additionally containing up to about 30 parts by weight of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US77187277A | 1977-02-25 | 1977-02-25 | |
| US771,872 | 1977-02-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1102938A true CA1102938A (en) | 1981-06-09 |
Family
ID=25093215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA287,794A Expired CA1102938A (en) | 1977-02-25 | 1977-09-29 | Smoke retardant polyvinyl chloride compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1102938A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996014480A1 (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-17 | Royal Building Systems (Cdn) Limited | Fire rated modular building system |
-
1977
- 1977-09-29 CA CA287,794A patent/CA1102938A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996014480A1 (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-17 | Royal Building Systems (Cdn) Limited | Fire rated modular building system |
| US5953880A (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1999-09-21 | Royal Building Systems (Cdn) Limited | Fire rated modular building system |
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