CA1083825A - Process for concentration of titanium ore - Google Patents
Process for concentration of titanium oreInfo
- Publication number
- CA1083825A CA1083825A CA265,925A CA265925A CA1083825A CA 1083825 A CA1083825 A CA 1083825A CA 265925 A CA265925 A CA 265925A CA 1083825 A CA1083825 A CA 1083825A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- ore
- magnetic
- fraction
- impurities
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The process basically consists of the removal of the impurities contained in the titanium minerals, in which it appears in the form of oxides, which cannot be eliminated by the conventional hydro-metallurgical processes. The conditioning of the mineral by pire-metallurgical treatment followed by mag-netic separation, removes a part of the magnetic impurities at the same time that it exposes those impurities to the action of the leaching acids and thus makes it possible for them to be removed easily. The alkaline treatment following the acid leach-ing permits elimination of the phosphores contained as a harmful impurity, and makes it possible to secure a product within the specifications of the consumer market for use as a raw material mainly for the obtaining of pigments and metallic titanium, which are the main forms in which titanium ores enter into consumption.
The process basically consists of the removal of the impurities contained in the titanium minerals, in which it appears in the form of oxides, which cannot be eliminated by the conventional hydro-metallurgical processes. The conditioning of the mineral by pire-metallurgical treatment followed by mag-netic separation, removes a part of the magnetic impurities at the same time that it exposes those impurities to the action of the leaching acids and thus makes it possible for them to be removed easily. The alkaline treatment following the acid leach-ing permits elimination of the phosphores contained as a harmful impurity, and makes it possible to secure a product within the specifications of the consumer market for use as a raw material mainly for the obtaining of pigments and metallic titanium, which are the main forms in which titanium ores enter into consumption.
Description
~0~38ZS
The process basically con~i~ts of the removal of the impuritie~ contained in titanium mineral~ by aoid leaching after piro-metallurgical treatment which proceGses the ore and xenders the impurities in que~tion easier to remove, by either permitting closer contact between them and the leaching acid or by tran~form-ing them into more soluble product~.
The increasing dearth of high content titanium ores has called for intensive prospecting on a worldwide scale with a view to obtaining from poor ores concentrate3 with contents of titanium dioxide (~iO2) higher than 90%, for ~upplying the consumer markets.
~ here are a number of patents in existence today aimed at the enrichment of titanium mineral~ 80 as to obtain high content concentrates.
In the whole of the known proce~ses the raw material used is ilmenite, which i9 calcined in a solid or ga3eous reducing medium, at a temperature of about 1,000 C, whereupon the titanium dioxide contained in the mineral in the form of the titanate becomes transformed into rutile. The impuritie~, mainly iron oxides, are then removed by means of sundry leaching processes, leaving as a solid re~idue a concentrate with high content of titanium dioxide meeting the specification~ of the consumers of the product.
Innumerable re3earch efforts have been aimed at ob-taining concentrates with a high content of ~iO2, starting with minerals other than ilmenite, in which the titanium is in the iorm of iron titanate. Attempt~ made ~o far have proved fruit-les~, taking as starging point either minerals in which the titanium is in the form of titanate3 other than of iron--such 3o as perovskite and titanite (aphene),-- or minerals in which the titanium i8 in the form of oxides, suoh as anathasium and brukite in the natural form. In the whole o~ the experimental techniques, - 1 - ,~ , even when h1gh contents of TiO2 are obtained, the impossibility of removal of impurities ~trongly associated with titanium did not permit obtainlng of a final product suitable for marketing.
The prohibitive prices of the prooesses tried out, in turn discouraged any attempts at proceeding with studie~ in this respect.
Anti-pollution legi~tation, in turn, beco~ing, a~ it is, more and more ~trict in the whole of the developed or developing countries, tend to a greater and greater e~tent to demand the use of concentrates of minerals with a high content of titanium for the manufacture of pigment~, a ~eotor responsible for the consump-tion of about 75% of the titanium minerals produced in the world.
Thi~ tendency is aimed at reducing or even eliminating the pro-duction of pollutant effluent~, such as occurs mainly in the process of obtaining of ~iO2 by the sulphate proces~ u~ing ilmenite as the raw material.
In the whole of the processes for concentration of minerals at present known, the main disadvantage~ pointed out are the need for using raw materials that meet certain specifica-tions as regards content of impurities, especially phosphorus;the high temperatures at which reduction takes place; and the considerable consumption of leaching solution due to the low ; content of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the raw material. ~his last disadvantage has been circumvented with the recovery of the leaching solutions, but even 80 this approach calls for greater investment with consequent increases in the price of the concen-trate 80 obtained.
~ he invention here presented is intended precisely to overcome these three disadvantages mentioned, 80 that it msy become possible to obtain in mors economical form a concentrate meeting consumer specifications.
- As raw material for the new process of concentration ; - 2 -, . . .
:
~ ' '~ , ', . . .
for obtaining products with contents of titanium oxide ~TiO2) higher than 90%, use i8 made of minerals in which the latter i9 present in the form of oxldes which are contaminated mainly ; but not e~clusively by the presence of compounds of iron, caloium, magnesium, phosphorus, aluminum, sodium and potassium.
~ hi8 raw material, concentrated by any conventional means, reaches contents of titanium dioxide amounting to a ma~imum of 80%, beyond which point it i9 not possible to remove the impurities contained, either mechanically or by ~uitable means of leaching.
This conoentration of TiO2 would in itself make the concentrate eligible ~or use in industries for the manufacture of pigment~. Yet the presence of impurities such as phosphorus disclassifies it for use in the sulphate process, ina~much as since this element i8 an anti-rutilizing component, it does not permit the obtaining of good quality rutile-type pigments and i ~ cannot be eliminated by the manufacturing process.
~ he presence of alkaline and alkaline earth elements disclassifies it in turn for use in the manufacture of pigments by the chlorine process, inasmuch as its chlorides, which have melting points in the range of operation of the chloration reactors and do not volatilize within the latter, jeopardi~e the fluidized bed normally used in this process, or form residual products that are extremely detrimental to the operation of thi~ -equipment.
These disadvantages do not occur with the use of tit-anium concentrates obtained with the use of the present in-vention, in the main stage of which 3ubmits the mineral to a piro-metallurgical trèatment and feadies it for effective hydrometallurgioal treatment suitable for effioiently removing the harmful impurities.
This main advantage of this piro-metallurgical treatment , ~ .
"
is that, apart from its being cllrried out at temperatures lower than that of rutilization of TiO2, furthermore permits an increase in the content of TiO2 in the ore, by removal of the iron through magnetic separation.
According to a process of the subject invention, anatase ore is calcined in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature below that of rurilization; the so obtained cal-cined ore is cooled and reduced in a reducing atmosphere at temperatures between 400C. and 600C.; then the reduced ore is subjected to magnetic separation to produce a concentrated titanium containing non-magnetic fraction; the non-magnetic fraction is subjected to mineral acid leach to remove additional impurities; and the acid leached fraction is neutralized and washed to produce a concentrated titanium fraction.
The calcination of anatase ore is carried out at a temperature below 900C., in a non-reducing atmosphere that causes the limonite contained therein to become trasformed into hematite. After this, the mineral thus calcined is cooled and submitted to reduction by passing a reducing mixture of poor gas containing at least l0% of reducing gas (CO or H).
In this operation, the hematite contained in the mineral becomes transformed into magnetite. The larger size of the Fe3O4 crystals causes a breakdown of the TiO2 crystals con-taining them, thus releasing particles of magnetite while at the same time exposing incrusted impurities which would not have been attained and removed by subsequent leaching.
After the piro-metallurgical treatment the mineral is subjected to magnetic separation in a magnetic field of between 400 and 1500 gauss. In this operation, a part of the iron is removed with consequent enrichment of the mineral.
~ _ 4 _ 10~338ZS
After the piro-metallurgical treatment, the rejects from the magnetic separation are sent for hydro-metallurgical treatment consisting of conventional leaching by means of an acid solution. This operation permits removal, to limits acceptable for marketing purposes, of the whole of the impurities except the phosphorus, which is left adsorbed into the mineral in the form of phosphoric acid.
For the removal of this phosphoric acid in residual quantities, which might disqualify the product, the concentrate is treated according to this invention with alkaline solution in a concentration sufficient for trans-forming the acid into .'' :' ~ ' ' . ; : .' ' ' ~ : . .: .
10 83R3Z~5 soluble phosphote. Hence the residual pho~phorus i~ readily removed by sub~equent washing.
EXAMPLE I
A mechanical concentrate of titaniu~ mineral containing 81.6% of TiO2 and 6.45% of total ~e, in a degree of finene~s lower than 200 ~esh, wa~ taken to a rotary kiln and calcined at 750 for 30 minutes in an atmo~phere of C02. After thi~
treatment, the mineral was cooled to 500 C, and the C02 atmos-phere was maintained. After reaching the 500C temperature, the mineral wa~ reduced with a flow of reducing gas composed of 60%
of N, 24~ of C02 and 16% of CO, during a period of 45 minutes.
The material wa~ subjected to magnetic separation in humid mediumJ in a field of 600 gauss, which gave ri~e to two fraction~, one magnetic--10% of the original feed, with 40.71% of ~iO2 and 23.66% of total Fe--and one non-magnetic, with 86.66~ of TiO2 and 4.48~ of total Fe. RecoYery of TiO2 in this operation wa~
95.5%.
The one-magnetic fraction was leached with HCl 200 g/l at 104 C, with stirring arrangement~, during a period of 4 hours. Subsequent to this operation the concentrate was ~eparat-ed from the liquid phase by filtration and washed with water by decantation until the acid had been removed. ~he concentrate thu~ separated was treated with a solution of sodium h~droxide at 5% and then washed with water to remove the alkali. The re~ult~ obtained appear in the following table:
~echan- Magnet- Non-mag- ~eached Neutral-ical con- ic frac- netic with ization centrate tion fraction HCl with NaOH
TiO2, % 81.64 40.7186.66 90.3190.03 Total Fe, % 6.45 23.634.48 2.24 2.38 P205, % 0.66 3.04 0.66 0.16 0.03 Sio2, % 4.16 11.763.99 4.31 4.01 CaO, ~ 0.70 1.12 0.97 0.50 0.56 Mechan- Magnet- Non-~ag- Leached ~Jeutral-ical con- ic frac- netic with lzation centrate tion fraction HCl with NaOH
MgO, %0.24 0.96 0.34 0.16 0.20 A12031.62 5.58 1.~7 0.81 1.06 EX~P~E II
A mechanical concentrate of titanium mineral contain-ing 75.64~ of TiO2 and 8.21~ of total Fe, with a degree o~
fineness of 200 mesh, was placed in a rotary kiln and roasted at 750 C of 60 minutes in an atmosphere of C02. After this period, the mineral was cooled at 600 C, and kept in a C02 atmosphere. After the temperature of 600 C was reached, the mineral was reduced in a flow of reducing gas containing 60~
of N, 14~ of C02, and 24~ of CO during a period of 45 minutes.
~he resultant material was subjected to magnetic separation in humid mediu~ in a field of 800 gauss, which produced two fractions, one, magnetic--10% of the original feed, containing 42~4~o of TiO2 and 31.98~ of total Fe--and the other, non-magnetic, with -79.27% of ~iO2 and 5. 22~o of total Fe. ~he proportion of TiO2 recovered in this ~eparation proce~s amounted to 94.~ of ~iO2.
The non-magnetic fraction was leached with HCl 200 ~/1 at 104 C, under stirring, for four hours. After this operation the concentrate was separate in the liquid phase by filtration and wa~hed with water b~ decantation after removal of-the acid.
The separated concentrate wa~ treated with a solution of ~odium hydroxide at 2% and then wa~hed with acid until removal of the alkali. ~he results obtained are given in this following table~
: ' -.
-~083Y~Z5 Mechan- Magnet- Non-mag- ~eached Neutral-ical con- ic frac- netic with ization centrate tion fraction HCl with NaOH
TiO2, ~ 75.64 42.4879.27 89.93 93.26 lotal Fe, %8 . 21~1. 985, 22 2 . 01 1. 99 P205' ~ 2.11 0.55 2.07 2.10 0.22 SiO2, % 0.52 0.09 0.49 0.48 0.46 CaO, % 1.12 2.20 1.06 0.25 0.27 MgO, % 0.50 0.90 0.47 0.08 0.05 A1203, % 2.88 4.00 2.72 1.50 1.41 The examples given above are presented for the clarifi-cation o~ those ~ersed in the art but are by no means intended as limitations of the invention.
.. ., ~
The process basically con~i~ts of the removal of the impuritie~ contained in titanium mineral~ by aoid leaching after piro-metallurgical treatment which proceGses the ore and xenders the impurities in que~tion easier to remove, by either permitting closer contact between them and the leaching acid or by tran~form-ing them into more soluble product~.
The increasing dearth of high content titanium ores has called for intensive prospecting on a worldwide scale with a view to obtaining from poor ores concentrate3 with contents of titanium dioxide (~iO2) higher than 90%, for ~upplying the consumer markets.
~ here are a number of patents in existence today aimed at the enrichment of titanium mineral~ 80 as to obtain high content concentrates.
In the whole of the known proce~ses the raw material used is ilmenite, which i9 calcined in a solid or ga3eous reducing medium, at a temperature of about 1,000 C, whereupon the titanium dioxide contained in the mineral in the form of the titanate becomes transformed into rutile. The impuritie~, mainly iron oxides, are then removed by means of sundry leaching processes, leaving as a solid re~idue a concentrate with high content of titanium dioxide meeting the specification~ of the consumers of the product.
Innumerable re3earch efforts have been aimed at ob-taining concentrates with a high content of ~iO2, starting with minerals other than ilmenite, in which the titanium is in the iorm of iron titanate. Attempt~ made ~o far have proved fruit-les~, taking as starging point either minerals in which the titanium is in the form of titanate3 other than of iron--such 3o as perovskite and titanite (aphene),-- or minerals in which the titanium i8 in the form of oxides, suoh as anathasium and brukite in the natural form. In the whole o~ the experimental techniques, - 1 - ,~ , even when h1gh contents of TiO2 are obtained, the impossibility of removal of impurities ~trongly associated with titanium did not permit obtainlng of a final product suitable for marketing.
The prohibitive prices of the prooesses tried out, in turn discouraged any attempts at proceeding with studie~ in this respect.
Anti-pollution legi~tation, in turn, beco~ing, a~ it is, more and more ~trict in the whole of the developed or developing countries, tend to a greater and greater e~tent to demand the use of concentrates of minerals with a high content of titanium for the manufacture of pigment~, a ~eotor responsible for the consump-tion of about 75% of the titanium minerals produced in the world.
Thi~ tendency is aimed at reducing or even eliminating the pro-duction of pollutant effluent~, such as occurs mainly in the process of obtaining of ~iO2 by the sulphate proces~ u~ing ilmenite as the raw material.
In the whole of the processes for concentration of minerals at present known, the main disadvantage~ pointed out are the need for using raw materials that meet certain specifica-tions as regards content of impurities, especially phosphorus;the high temperatures at which reduction takes place; and the considerable consumption of leaching solution due to the low ; content of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the raw material. ~his last disadvantage has been circumvented with the recovery of the leaching solutions, but even 80 this approach calls for greater investment with consequent increases in the price of the concen-trate 80 obtained.
~ he invention here presented is intended precisely to overcome these three disadvantages mentioned, 80 that it msy become possible to obtain in mors economical form a concentrate meeting consumer specifications.
- As raw material for the new process of concentration ; - 2 -, . . .
:
~ ' '~ , ', . . .
for obtaining products with contents of titanium oxide ~TiO2) higher than 90%, use i8 made of minerals in which the latter i9 present in the form of oxldes which are contaminated mainly ; but not e~clusively by the presence of compounds of iron, caloium, magnesium, phosphorus, aluminum, sodium and potassium.
~ hi8 raw material, concentrated by any conventional means, reaches contents of titanium dioxide amounting to a ma~imum of 80%, beyond which point it i9 not possible to remove the impurities contained, either mechanically or by ~uitable means of leaching.
This conoentration of TiO2 would in itself make the concentrate eligible ~or use in industries for the manufacture of pigment~. Yet the presence of impurities such as phosphorus disclassifies it for use in the sulphate process, ina~much as since this element i8 an anti-rutilizing component, it does not permit the obtaining of good quality rutile-type pigments and i ~ cannot be eliminated by the manufacturing process.
~ he presence of alkaline and alkaline earth elements disclassifies it in turn for use in the manufacture of pigments by the chlorine process, inasmuch as its chlorides, which have melting points in the range of operation of the chloration reactors and do not volatilize within the latter, jeopardi~e the fluidized bed normally used in this process, or form residual products that are extremely detrimental to the operation of thi~ -equipment.
These disadvantages do not occur with the use of tit-anium concentrates obtained with the use of the present in-vention, in the main stage of which 3ubmits the mineral to a piro-metallurgical trèatment and feadies it for effective hydrometallurgioal treatment suitable for effioiently removing the harmful impurities.
This main advantage of this piro-metallurgical treatment , ~ .
"
is that, apart from its being cllrried out at temperatures lower than that of rutilization of TiO2, furthermore permits an increase in the content of TiO2 in the ore, by removal of the iron through magnetic separation.
According to a process of the subject invention, anatase ore is calcined in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature below that of rurilization; the so obtained cal-cined ore is cooled and reduced in a reducing atmosphere at temperatures between 400C. and 600C.; then the reduced ore is subjected to magnetic separation to produce a concentrated titanium containing non-magnetic fraction; the non-magnetic fraction is subjected to mineral acid leach to remove additional impurities; and the acid leached fraction is neutralized and washed to produce a concentrated titanium fraction.
The calcination of anatase ore is carried out at a temperature below 900C., in a non-reducing atmosphere that causes the limonite contained therein to become trasformed into hematite. After this, the mineral thus calcined is cooled and submitted to reduction by passing a reducing mixture of poor gas containing at least l0% of reducing gas (CO or H).
In this operation, the hematite contained in the mineral becomes transformed into magnetite. The larger size of the Fe3O4 crystals causes a breakdown of the TiO2 crystals con-taining them, thus releasing particles of magnetite while at the same time exposing incrusted impurities which would not have been attained and removed by subsequent leaching.
After the piro-metallurgical treatment the mineral is subjected to magnetic separation in a magnetic field of between 400 and 1500 gauss. In this operation, a part of the iron is removed with consequent enrichment of the mineral.
~ _ 4 _ 10~338ZS
After the piro-metallurgical treatment, the rejects from the magnetic separation are sent for hydro-metallurgical treatment consisting of conventional leaching by means of an acid solution. This operation permits removal, to limits acceptable for marketing purposes, of the whole of the impurities except the phosphorus, which is left adsorbed into the mineral in the form of phosphoric acid.
For the removal of this phosphoric acid in residual quantities, which might disqualify the product, the concentrate is treated according to this invention with alkaline solution in a concentration sufficient for trans-forming the acid into .'' :' ~ ' ' . ; : .' ' ' ~ : . .: .
10 83R3Z~5 soluble phosphote. Hence the residual pho~phorus i~ readily removed by sub~equent washing.
EXAMPLE I
A mechanical concentrate of titaniu~ mineral containing 81.6% of TiO2 and 6.45% of total ~e, in a degree of finene~s lower than 200 ~esh, wa~ taken to a rotary kiln and calcined at 750 for 30 minutes in an atmo~phere of C02. After thi~
treatment, the mineral was cooled to 500 C, and the C02 atmos-phere was maintained. After reaching the 500C temperature, the mineral wa~ reduced with a flow of reducing gas composed of 60%
of N, 24~ of C02 and 16% of CO, during a period of 45 minutes.
The material wa~ subjected to magnetic separation in humid mediumJ in a field of 600 gauss, which gave ri~e to two fraction~, one magnetic--10% of the original feed, with 40.71% of ~iO2 and 23.66% of total Fe--and one non-magnetic, with 86.66~ of TiO2 and 4.48~ of total Fe. RecoYery of TiO2 in this operation wa~
95.5%.
The one-magnetic fraction was leached with HCl 200 g/l at 104 C, with stirring arrangement~, during a period of 4 hours. Subsequent to this operation the concentrate was ~eparat-ed from the liquid phase by filtration and washed with water by decantation until the acid had been removed. ~he concentrate thu~ separated was treated with a solution of sodium h~droxide at 5% and then washed with water to remove the alkali. The re~ult~ obtained appear in the following table:
~echan- Magnet- Non-mag- ~eached Neutral-ical con- ic frac- netic with ization centrate tion fraction HCl with NaOH
TiO2, % 81.64 40.7186.66 90.3190.03 Total Fe, % 6.45 23.634.48 2.24 2.38 P205, % 0.66 3.04 0.66 0.16 0.03 Sio2, % 4.16 11.763.99 4.31 4.01 CaO, ~ 0.70 1.12 0.97 0.50 0.56 Mechan- Magnet- Non-~ag- Leached ~Jeutral-ical con- ic frac- netic with lzation centrate tion fraction HCl with NaOH
MgO, %0.24 0.96 0.34 0.16 0.20 A12031.62 5.58 1.~7 0.81 1.06 EX~P~E II
A mechanical concentrate of titanium mineral contain-ing 75.64~ of TiO2 and 8.21~ of total Fe, with a degree o~
fineness of 200 mesh, was placed in a rotary kiln and roasted at 750 C of 60 minutes in an atmosphere of C02. After this period, the mineral was cooled at 600 C, and kept in a C02 atmosphere. After the temperature of 600 C was reached, the mineral was reduced in a flow of reducing gas containing 60~
of N, 14~ of C02, and 24~ of CO during a period of 45 minutes.
~he resultant material was subjected to magnetic separation in humid mediu~ in a field of 800 gauss, which produced two fractions, one, magnetic--10% of the original feed, containing 42~4~o of TiO2 and 31.98~ of total Fe--and the other, non-magnetic, with -79.27% of ~iO2 and 5. 22~o of total Fe. ~he proportion of TiO2 recovered in this ~eparation proce~s amounted to 94.~ of ~iO2.
The non-magnetic fraction was leached with HCl 200 ~/1 at 104 C, under stirring, for four hours. After this operation the concentrate was separate in the liquid phase by filtration and wa~hed with water b~ decantation after removal of-the acid.
The separated concentrate wa~ treated with a solution of ~odium hydroxide at 2% and then wa~hed with acid until removal of the alkali. ~he results obtained are given in this following table~
: ' -.
-~083Y~Z5 Mechan- Magnet- Non-mag- ~eached Neutral-ical con- ic frac- netic with ization centrate tion fraction HCl with NaOH
TiO2, ~ 75.64 42.4879.27 89.93 93.26 lotal Fe, %8 . 21~1. 985, 22 2 . 01 1. 99 P205' ~ 2.11 0.55 2.07 2.10 0.22 SiO2, % 0.52 0.09 0.49 0.48 0.46 CaO, % 1.12 2.20 1.06 0.25 0.27 MgO, % 0.50 0.90 0.47 0.08 0.05 A1203, % 2.88 4.00 2.72 1.50 1.41 The examples given above are presented for the clarifi-cation o~ those ~ersed in the art but are by no means intended as limitations of the invention.
.. ., ~
Claims (4)
1. A process for the concentration of titanium containing anatase ore comprising:
a) calcining the said anatase ore in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature below that of rutilization;
b) cooling said calcined ore;
c) reducing the cooled ore in a reducing atmosphere, at temperatures between 400° C. and 600° C;
d) cooling the reduced ore to below 200° C. in an atmosphere to prevent reoxidation;
e) subjecting the reduced ore to magnetic separation to produce a concentrated titanium containing non-magnetic fraction;
f) subjecting the non-magnetic fraction to mineral acid leach to remove additional impurities; and g) neutralizing and washing said acid leached fraction to produce a concentrated titanium fraction.
a) calcining the said anatase ore in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature below that of rutilization;
b) cooling said calcined ore;
c) reducing the cooled ore in a reducing atmosphere, at temperatures between 400° C. and 600° C;
d) cooling the reduced ore to below 200° C. in an atmosphere to prevent reoxidation;
e) subjecting the reduced ore to magnetic separation to produce a concentrated titanium containing non-magnetic fraction;
f) subjecting the non-magnetic fraction to mineral acid leach to remove additional impurities; and g) neutralizing and washing said acid leached fraction to produce a concentrated titanium fraction.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein said calcination is carried out at a temperature below 900°C.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein said reduction is effected in an atmosphere containing at least 10% of reducer gas.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein said magnetic separation is effected in a magnetic field in the range of from 400 to 1500 gauss.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR7645/75A BR7507645A (en) | 1975-11-18 | 1975-11-18 | PROCESS FOR CONCENTRATION OF TITANIUM MINES |
| BRPI7507645 | 1975-11-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1083825A true CA1083825A (en) | 1980-08-19 |
Family
ID=3997130
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,925A Expired CA1083825A (en) | 1975-11-18 | 1976-11-17 | Process for concentration of titanium ore |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5286913A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU508648B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7507645A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1083825A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8923285D0 (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1989-12-06 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning article |
| AU649441B2 (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1994-05-26 | Almeth Pty Ltd | Improved process for separating ilmenite |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4839157A (en) * | 1971-09-21 | 1973-06-08 | ||
| JPS5011846A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1975-02-06 | ||
| JPS5051918A (en) * | 1974-03-19 | 1975-05-09 |
-
1975
- 1975-11-18 BR BR7645/75A patent/BR7507645A/en unknown
-
1976
- 1976-10-20 AU AU18835/76A patent/AU508648B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-15 JP JP13642776A patent/JPS5286913A/en active Granted
- 1976-11-17 CA CA265,925A patent/CA1083825A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1883576A (en) | 1978-04-27 |
| JPS5286913A (en) | 1977-07-20 |
| JPS56373B2 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
| AU508648B2 (en) | 1980-03-27 |
| BR7507645A (en) | 1975-12-30 |
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