CA1062175A - Coalescer comprising a vertical tube - Google Patents
Coalescer comprising a vertical tubeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1062175A CA1062175A CA213,559A CA213559A CA1062175A CA 1062175 A CA1062175 A CA 1062175A CA 213559 A CA213559 A CA 213559A CA 1062175 A CA1062175 A CA 1062175A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- duct
- tube
- liquid suspension
- core
- tubes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/045—Breaking emulsions with coalescers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus for causing coalescence of components suspended in a carrier liquid, comprising a substantially vertical duct ex-tending between an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to a supply for the liquid to be treated and the outlet is adapt-ed to be connected to a separating device for separating the co-alesced components from the carrier liquid. The vertical duct consists of a round tube, permitting a very favourable velocity gradient and consequently increasing the rate of agglomeration of the particles. In this way it is possible to construct a coales-cence apparatus made up of very simple elements, which apparatus is specifically adapted to smaller separation devices.
Description
In a prior patent application No. 169,310 of Pielkenrood-Vinitex BV, filed April 24, 1973 (issued; October 11, 1477 as Canadian Patent No. 1,018,902), devices are described for causing coalescence of components su~Pended in a carrier liquid, which devices comprise a substantially vertical duct extending between an inlet and an outlet, said inle~ communicating with a supply for the suspension, said outlet being adapted to be connected to a separation device for separating the coalesced components from the carrier liquid.
In such a deyice use is made of the transverse velocity gradient caused by friction against the walls of the duct, as a consequence of which the suspended particles can overtake one another, so that the probability of meeting, and, thus, agglomeration, will be considerably increased.
Such a device generally consists of a basin from which consecutive chambers are separated by means of vertical partitions, and the liquid can pass alternately below and over alternating partitions. In order to prevent that the coalesced particles are, again, disrupted by shearing forces caused by the velocity gra-` 20 dient, the cross-section of consecutive chambers is preferably increased step-wise or gradually in the sense of flow, so that the flow velocity will decrease accordingly. Furthermore, in order to increase the velocity gradient, especially in the initial chambers, often partitions will be arranged in these chambers, which parti-tions are, in particular, corrugated and, if desired, slidable.
For smaller devices, however, such coalescence appar-atuses are objectionable, since difficulties can arise when re-ducing the dimensions. In particular the use of suitable corru-gated plates will be difficult as the passages between the crests of adjacent plates and between crests and adjacent walls cannot be maintained at the desired width without difficulties, and, moreover, the velocity in such passages will easily become too high. The manufacturing cost of smaller deyices will be h - 1 -unproportionally high.
According to the invention tubes, and in particular, commercially available tubes with a round cross-section, are used for thecoalescence duct, in which a very favourable velocity gradient can be obtained. In this manner it becomes possible to construct a coalescence apparatus which is specific-ally adapted to smaller separation devices by means of very simple elements.
Apart from commercially available round tubes, and in particular plastic tubes, also flexible hoses can be used, and more specifically the duct thus obtained can consist of a plural-ity of partial ducts with alternating flow sense interconnected by bends, but it is also possible to coil such a tube or hose helicoidally. Furthermore the consecutive partial ducts can have an increasing diameter, and also a gradually increasing diameter is possible. Moreover several ducts can be interconnected in parallel, in particular by the intermediary of stop or regu-lating valves.
The velocity gradient can be further increased by pro-viding adapted and in particular slidable cores.
Accordingly, in a broad aspect the invention provides apparatus comprising a settling device and a device intended to promote particle growth in a flowing liquid suspension prior to separation of the growth particles from the liquid in the settling device, said growth-promoting device comprising a duct having an inlet arranged to receive the liquid suspension and an outlet arranged to discharge the liquid suspension towards an inlet of the settling device, said duct being formed by at least one tube, the cross-sectional size of the or each tube being such that with liquid suspension flow at the design flow rate of the settling device, wall friction will cause differences in the flow velocity of the
In such a deyice use is made of the transverse velocity gradient caused by friction against the walls of the duct, as a consequence of which the suspended particles can overtake one another, so that the probability of meeting, and, thus, agglomeration, will be considerably increased.
Such a device generally consists of a basin from which consecutive chambers are separated by means of vertical partitions, and the liquid can pass alternately below and over alternating partitions. In order to prevent that the coalesced particles are, again, disrupted by shearing forces caused by the velocity gra-` 20 dient, the cross-section of consecutive chambers is preferably increased step-wise or gradually in the sense of flow, so that the flow velocity will decrease accordingly. Furthermore, in order to increase the velocity gradient, especially in the initial chambers, often partitions will be arranged in these chambers, which parti-tions are, in particular, corrugated and, if desired, slidable.
For smaller devices, however, such coalescence appar-atuses are objectionable, since difficulties can arise when re-ducing the dimensions. In particular the use of suitable corru-gated plates will be difficult as the passages between the crests of adjacent plates and between crests and adjacent walls cannot be maintained at the desired width without difficulties, and, moreover, the velocity in such passages will easily become too high. The manufacturing cost of smaller deyices will be h - 1 -unproportionally high.
According to the invention tubes, and in particular, commercially available tubes with a round cross-section, are used for thecoalescence duct, in which a very favourable velocity gradient can be obtained. In this manner it becomes possible to construct a coalescence apparatus which is specific-ally adapted to smaller separation devices by means of very simple elements.
Apart from commercially available round tubes, and in particular plastic tubes, also flexible hoses can be used, and more specifically the duct thus obtained can consist of a plural-ity of partial ducts with alternating flow sense interconnected by bends, but it is also possible to coil such a tube or hose helicoidally. Furthermore the consecutive partial ducts can have an increasing diameter, and also a gradually increasing diameter is possible. Moreover several ducts can be interconnected in parallel, in particular by the intermediary of stop or regu-lating valves.
The velocity gradient can be further increased by pro-viding adapted and in particular slidable cores.
Accordingly, in a broad aspect the invention provides apparatus comprising a settling device and a device intended to promote particle growth in a flowing liquid suspension prior to separation of the growth particles from the liquid in the settling device, said growth-promoting device comprising a duct having an inlet arranged to receive the liquid suspension and an outlet arranged to discharge the liquid suspension towards an inlet of the settling device, said duct being formed by at least one tube, the cross-sectional size of the or each tube being such that with liquid suspension flow at the design flow rate of the settling device, wall friction will cause differences in the flow velocity of the
- 2 -' ~
- .
:~3~
particles relative to each other in the liquid suspension flow so that particle growth by coalescence is obtained, and the cross-section of the or each tube is such that at any point in the liquid suspension flow, the flow velocity is sufficient to prevent separa-tion of particles in the liquid suspension flow, but is lower than the velocity at which the coalesced particles will be disrupted by a shearing action as a consequence of velocity gradients in the vicinity of that point.
The invention will be elucidated below by reference to the drawing, showing in:
Fig. 1 a schematic cross-section of a part of an appar-atus according to the invention;
Fig. 2A and B highly simplified schematic representa-tions of the structure of such an apparatus with branches connect-ed in parallel;
Fig. 3 a cross-section of a part of such an apparatus with an adjustable core;
Fig. 4 a cross-section corresponding to Fig. 3 of another embodiment and "
, ,' :
- 2a -Fig. 5 is a partial section of still another embodiment of the inventionO
In Figo 1 a part of a coalescence apparatus according to the invention is shown. This apparatus consists of a plurality of substantially vertical tubes 1, which are interconnected by means of bends 2 to form a continuous passage which is connected, on the one hand, to a liquid supply, and, on the other hand, is adapted to be connected to a separation device, and this in such - a manner that the liquid will flow in the same sense indicated by an arrow through the consecutive tubes.
The friction against the tube walls then causes a trans-verse velocity gradient increas~g the probability that the par-ticles suspended in the liquid will overtake one another, and, therefore, the probability that these particles will agglomerate.
In the case shown the diameter of the consecutive tubes 1 increases, so that the velocity of the liquid and the velocity ; gradient both decrease, and the probability that already agglom-erated particles will be disrupted again by the shearing effect of the liquid flows will decrease accordingly. If this risk does not exist or is negligible, the tubes can all have the same diameter.
If at the flow velocity which is favourable for obtain-ing the desired effect an insufficient flow rate is obtained, several tubes 1 can be connected in parallel. Fig. 2A shows such an arrangement in which several tubes 1 are connected in parallel between a supply duct 3 and a separation device 4.
Stop or regulating valves 5 allow to vary the number of operative tubes and/or the flow rate therein at will. Fig. 2B shows another solution in which the effect of tubes of increasing diameter is obtained by gradually connecting more tubes with the same diameter in parallel. Also in this case stop or regulating valves can be used~
17~ ~
The bends 2 can be provided, if necessary, with drain valves 6 allowing to remove sediment or gases from the bends.
Instead of rigid tubes also flexible hoses can be used, and then the bends 2 will be superfluous. Furthermore also helicoidally wound tubes or hoses can be used so as to obtain space savings.
In order to increase the velocity gradient, a cylin-drical core 7 can be arranged, as shown in Fig. 3, in the axis of a tube 1. In particular this core 7 can be slidably introduced through the wall of the tube so as to enable to vary the length of the core part extending in the tube and, thus its influence on the flow. If a longitudinal velocity gradient is desired, ; either the wall of the tube 1 can be corrugated, or a corrugated core can be used, and it is also possible to apply both measures, as shown in Fig. 4. In the latter case a variable phase differ-ence between both corrugations can be obtained by shifting the core 7' in respect of the tube 1', so as to control the velocity gradient accordingly. In this respect reference can be made to the above-mentioned prior patent application in which mutually slidable corrugated plates are described for this purpose.
Furthermore it is possible to make the corrugations in the wall and/or the core helicoidal, and in particular the screw sense of the wall corrugations can be made opposite to that of the core corrugations. -~
A corrugated core 7' can be manufactured as such from plastics, but can also, as shown in Fig. 4, be composed from balls 10 stringed on a rod 9, and having, in particular, alter-nately different diameters. Corrugated tubes can be shaped as such from plastics, but it is also possible to bring straight tubes in this shape afterwards ~'.
.
' ~, ' . . ' : .
- - . . . . .: . .
.: . . ~: ', - ..
.
7~, A different distribution of the velocity differences can be obtained by replacing a tube 1 by joining S-bends 11 (Fig.5), or by bending a hose in this shape. A further de-velopment thereof is winding a tube or hose in helicoidal shape, as mentioned already above.
Furthermore it is possible to provide a hose with con-strictions by means of clamps in order to obtain a velocity gradient corresponding to the velocity gradient in the above-mentioned corrugated tubes.
Within the scope of the invention many modifications are possible.
'' ' . '
- .
:~3~
particles relative to each other in the liquid suspension flow so that particle growth by coalescence is obtained, and the cross-section of the or each tube is such that at any point in the liquid suspension flow, the flow velocity is sufficient to prevent separa-tion of particles in the liquid suspension flow, but is lower than the velocity at which the coalesced particles will be disrupted by a shearing action as a consequence of velocity gradients in the vicinity of that point.
The invention will be elucidated below by reference to the drawing, showing in:
Fig. 1 a schematic cross-section of a part of an appar-atus according to the invention;
Fig. 2A and B highly simplified schematic representa-tions of the structure of such an apparatus with branches connect-ed in parallel;
Fig. 3 a cross-section of a part of such an apparatus with an adjustable core;
Fig. 4 a cross-section corresponding to Fig. 3 of another embodiment and "
, ,' :
- 2a -Fig. 5 is a partial section of still another embodiment of the inventionO
In Figo 1 a part of a coalescence apparatus according to the invention is shown. This apparatus consists of a plurality of substantially vertical tubes 1, which are interconnected by means of bends 2 to form a continuous passage which is connected, on the one hand, to a liquid supply, and, on the other hand, is adapted to be connected to a separation device, and this in such - a manner that the liquid will flow in the same sense indicated by an arrow through the consecutive tubes.
The friction against the tube walls then causes a trans-verse velocity gradient increas~g the probability that the par-ticles suspended in the liquid will overtake one another, and, therefore, the probability that these particles will agglomerate.
In the case shown the diameter of the consecutive tubes 1 increases, so that the velocity of the liquid and the velocity ; gradient both decrease, and the probability that already agglom-erated particles will be disrupted again by the shearing effect of the liquid flows will decrease accordingly. If this risk does not exist or is negligible, the tubes can all have the same diameter.
If at the flow velocity which is favourable for obtain-ing the desired effect an insufficient flow rate is obtained, several tubes 1 can be connected in parallel. Fig. 2A shows such an arrangement in which several tubes 1 are connected in parallel between a supply duct 3 and a separation device 4.
Stop or regulating valves 5 allow to vary the number of operative tubes and/or the flow rate therein at will. Fig. 2B shows another solution in which the effect of tubes of increasing diameter is obtained by gradually connecting more tubes with the same diameter in parallel. Also in this case stop or regulating valves can be used~
17~ ~
The bends 2 can be provided, if necessary, with drain valves 6 allowing to remove sediment or gases from the bends.
Instead of rigid tubes also flexible hoses can be used, and then the bends 2 will be superfluous. Furthermore also helicoidally wound tubes or hoses can be used so as to obtain space savings.
In order to increase the velocity gradient, a cylin-drical core 7 can be arranged, as shown in Fig. 3, in the axis of a tube 1. In particular this core 7 can be slidably introduced through the wall of the tube so as to enable to vary the length of the core part extending in the tube and, thus its influence on the flow. If a longitudinal velocity gradient is desired, ; either the wall of the tube 1 can be corrugated, or a corrugated core can be used, and it is also possible to apply both measures, as shown in Fig. 4. In the latter case a variable phase differ-ence between both corrugations can be obtained by shifting the core 7' in respect of the tube 1', so as to control the velocity gradient accordingly. In this respect reference can be made to the above-mentioned prior patent application in which mutually slidable corrugated plates are described for this purpose.
Furthermore it is possible to make the corrugations in the wall and/or the core helicoidal, and in particular the screw sense of the wall corrugations can be made opposite to that of the core corrugations. -~
A corrugated core 7' can be manufactured as such from plastics, but can also, as shown in Fig. 4, be composed from balls 10 stringed on a rod 9, and having, in particular, alter-nately different diameters. Corrugated tubes can be shaped as such from plastics, but it is also possible to bring straight tubes in this shape afterwards ~'.
.
' ~, ' . . ' : .
- - . . . . .: . .
.: . . ~: ', - ..
.
7~, A different distribution of the velocity differences can be obtained by replacing a tube 1 by joining S-bends 11 (Fig.5), or by bending a hose in this shape. A further de-velopment thereof is winding a tube or hose in helicoidal shape, as mentioned already above.
Furthermore it is possible to provide a hose with con-strictions by means of clamps in order to obtain a velocity gradient corresponding to the velocity gradient in the above-mentioned corrugated tubes.
Within the scope of the invention many modifications are possible.
'' ' . '
Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus comprising a settling device and a device intended to promote particle growth in a flowing liquid suspension prior to separation of the growth particles from the liquid in the settling device, said growth-promoting device comprising a duct having an inlet arranged to receive the liquid suspension and an outlet arranged to discharge the liquid suspension towards an inlet of the settling device, said duct being formed by at least one tube, the cross-sectional size of the or each tube being such that with liquid suspension flow at the design flow rate of the settling device, wall friction will cause differences in the flow velocity of the particles relative to each other in the liquid suspension flow so that particle growth by coalescence is obtained, and the cross-section of the or each tube is such that at any point in the liquid suspension flow, the flow velocity is sufficient to prevent separation of particles in the liquid suspension flow, but is lower than the velocity at which the coalesced particles will be dis-rupted by a shearing action as a consequence of velocity gradients in the vicinity of that point.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the duct comprises a plurality of substantially vertical sections interconnected by bends.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the duct comprises a helicoidal-ly wound tube.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the duct increases from the inlet to the outlet either step-wise or progressively.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a core extending along the axis of at least part of the duct.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wall of the duct is corru-gated.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the wall of a duct is corrugated.
8. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the core is corrugated.
9. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the core is corrugated.
10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the corrugated core is formed by bodies having a rounded surface and supported on a rod.
11. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 8, wherein the corrugations are of helical form.
12. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the corrugations are of helical form.
13. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 12, wherein the corrugations of the duct and those of the core are of opposite hand.
14. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the core is movably axially of the duct.
15. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the duct comprises a number of generally S-shaped bends.
16. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the duct comprises a flexible tube and the corrugations in the wall of the flexible tube are obtained by means of clamps which constrict parts of the tube.
17. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the duct comprises a plurality of tubes connected in parallel.
18. Apparatus according to claim 17, comprising stop or regulating valves in the parallel tubes.
19. Apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the duct comprises fur-ther tubes connected in parallel at the outer ends of the first-mentioned parallel tubes whereby the number of tubes connected in parallel increases from the inlet towards the outlet of the device, each of said tubes being of substantially the same diameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7315815A NL7315815A (en) | 1973-11-19 | 1973-11-19 | COALESCENCE DEVICE. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1062175A true CA1062175A (en) | 1979-09-11 |
Family
ID=19820035
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA213,559A Expired CA1062175A (en) | 1973-11-19 | 1974-11-13 | Coalescer comprising a vertical tube |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5820285B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT344195B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE822171A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1062175A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH588292A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2454159A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK600774A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES207603Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI330574A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2251346B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1485017A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1025457B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY7800250A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7315815A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO744084L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7414231L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA746956B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL180383B (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1986-09-16 | Pielkenrood Vinitex Bv | DEVICE FOR PROCESSING PARTICULAR GROWTH IN A LIQUID. |
| JPS551711Y2 (en) * | 1977-01-20 | 1980-01-18 | ||
| US4267043A (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1981-05-12 | Seapower, Inc. | Immiscible liquid separating |
| JPS5974806U (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-05-21 | 荏原インフイルコ株式会社 | agglomeration device |
| CS249673B1 (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1987-04-16 | Josef Vostrcil | Method of flocculation and separation in flocculent cload in water treatment plants' clarifiers and equipment for its application |
| DE3519131A1 (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1986-12-04 | Günter Dipl.-Ing. 2000 Hamburg Kupczik | Process for separating solid portions in sludge-like masses and apparatus for carrying out the process |
| ES2029670T3 (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1992-09-01 | Miljoevern Umwelt-Technik Gmbh | PROCEDURE TO SEPARATE SOLID MATERIALS FROM LIQUIDS USING A CROSS-FLOW SEPARATOR AND DEVICE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCEDURE. |
| EP0955076B1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2007-03-07 | Sulzer Chemtech AG | Process for separating a first from a second liquid |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4713025U (en) * | 1971-03-16 | 1972-10-16 |
-
1973
- 1973-11-19 NL NL7315815A patent/NL7315815A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1974
- 1974-10-29 ZA ZA00746956A patent/ZA746956B/en unknown
- 1974-11-01 GB GB47315/74A patent/GB1485017A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-02 CH CH1466674A patent/CH588292A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-11-06 IT IT29146/74A patent/IT1025457B/en active
- 1974-11-08 JP JP49128142A patent/JPS5820285B2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-13 AT AT909174A patent/AT344195B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-11-13 CA CA213,559A patent/CA1062175A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-13 NO NO744084A patent/NO744084L/no unknown
- 1974-11-13 SE SE7414231A patent/SE7414231L/xx unknown
- 1974-11-14 FI FI3305/74A patent/FI330574A/fi unknown
- 1974-11-14 DE DE19742454159 patent/DE2454159A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-11-14 BE BE150481A patent/BE822171A/en unknown
- 1974-11-18 FR FR7437869A patent/FR2251346B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-11-19 DK DK600774A patent/DK600774A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-11-19 ES ES1974207603U patent/ES207603Y/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-12-30 MY MY250/78A patent/MY7800250A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7414231L (en) | 1975-05-20 |
| AT344195B (en) | 1978-07-10 |
| CH588292A5 (en) | 1977-05-31 |
| FR2251346B1 (en) | 1981-12-24 |
| MY7800250A (en) | 1978-12-31 |
| DK600774A (en) | 1975-07-14 |
| NO744084L (en) | 1975-06-16 |
| GB1485017A (en) | 1977-09-08 |
| DE2454159A1 (en) | 1975-05-22 |
| ATA909174A (en) | 1977-11-15 |
| ZA746956B (en) | 1976-06-30 |
| JPS5080569A (en) | 1975-06-30 |
| BE822171A (en) | 1975-05-14 |
| ES207603U (en) | 1976-03-16 |
| FI330574A (en) | 1975-05-20 |
| FR2251346A1 (en) | 1975-06-13 |
| JPS5820285B2 (en) | 1983-04-22 |
| NL7315815A (en) | 1975-05-21 |
| ES207603Y (en) | 1976-07-16 |
| IT1025457B (en) | 1978-08-10 |
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