CA1050438A - Milk ultrafiltration with concentrate sweeping membrane clean - Google Patents
Milk ultrafiltration with concentrate sweeping membrane cleanInfo
- Publication number
- CA1050438A CA1050438A CA221,418A CA221418A CA1050438A CA 1050438 A CA1050438 A CA 1050438A CA 221418 A CA221418 A CA 221418A CA 1050438 A CA1050438 A CA 1050438A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- milk
- cream
- outlet
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
- A01J11/00—Apparatus for treating milk
- A01J11/10—Separating milk from cream
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A milk product, such as milk for cream, is caused to flow along the surface of a filter at one side thereof from an inlet of the filter to an outlet thereof at a vel-ocity of at least 0.5 m/sec., the main quantity of the filter pores each having a diameter of 0.2 to 10µ m. At the same time, skim milk is passed through the filter to 19.6 kilopascals while discharging a cream-enriched product from said outlet, and the greater part of this cream-enriched product is returned from said outlet to the inlet of the filter.
A milk product, such as milk for cream, is caused to flow along the surface of a filter at one side thereof from an inlet of the filter to an outlet thereof at a vel-ocity of at least 0.5 m/sec., the main quantity of the filter pores each having a diameter of 0.2 to 10µ m. At the same time, skim milk is passed through the filter to 19.6 kilopascals while discharging a cream-enriched product from said outlet, and the greater part of this cream-enriched product is returned from said outlet to the inlet of the filter.
Description
~05(~438 The present in~ention relates to a filtering method for separating skim milk from milk products, espe-cially from whole milk or cream.
Centrifuging has been used for many years for separating liquid milk products. Thus, milk has been cen-trifuged to recover cream having a varying degree of fat percentage, and cream having a low fat percentage has been centrifuged to concentrate it for the production of butter.
The present invention aims at providing an inex-pensive alternati~e to centrifugal separation of milk or crea~. In order for filtering to be practical as an alter-native, it is necessary that the throughput capacity of the filter he satisfactorily high. It is known through Swedish patent specification 17,335 to separate milk by filtering, but the throughput capacity of the device there disclosed is limited by the capability of the cream to rise to the outlet for the cream under the influence of gravity. ~his means that the velocity of the milk flow past the filter suriace is so low that the filter surface becomes clogged 20 by cream, and the device rapidly becomes incapable of func- -tioning~ ObYiously this device is not practical for com-: : .
mercial use.
The present invention has for its principal object to provide a separation method based on the filtering prin-ciple and which is practical for commercial use. Themethod is characterized in that the separation of skim milk from milk or cream is carried out by means of a filter in which the main quantity of the filter pores each has a di-ameter of 0.2 - lO ~ m (micrometers), that the milk or cream i5 caused to flow along the filter surface with a .. -1-~;
.
~o50438 velocity of at least 0.5 m/sec. from an inlet to an outlet, while skim milk passes through the filter under a pressure drop of at least 19.6 kilopascals, and that the greater part of -the product, enriched with cream, is returned to the ~ilter inlet.
In this way, the fat globules in milk or cream are retained by the filter so that they do not pass through it, and they are torn away from the filter surface by the liquid flow sweeping past the latter with sufficient velocity, so that the filter will not be closged and thereby become incapable of functioning owing to a cream layer adhering to the filter.
Since the fat droplets and the bacteria of the milk are of the same size magnitude, the skim milk obtained by this method will be substantially free of bacteria, this action being more effective with finer pore size of the filter. When the filtration of the fat droplets is satisfactory, the skim milk will be completely free from bacteria so that it is not neces-sary to sterilize the skim milk by heating. The latter is an ~ important advantage because heating of the skim milk injures ; the proteins present in ît and also impairs the taste of the skim milk. The present invention also makes it possible to separate off the fat droplets of a milk product more completely ;, than by centrifuging. Thus it is possible to obtain a skim ; milk which is even more fat-free than heretofore, such as a skim milk with a fat percentage below 0.05%, if the separation is carried out by means of a filter in which the main quantity ~ of the filter pores has a maximum diameter of 1.0 ~m.
;~ 3o ., .
~t~S043~ .
The higher the flow velocity ~f the milk or cream past the filter surface, the better the latter is kept free from cream deposits. However, the high flow velocity leads to a correspondingly low cream concentra-tion in the product, which has merely swept past thefilter surface. In order to avoid excessive recirculation of this product to the filter inlet, this flow velocity preferably should not exceed 20 m/sec.
If it is desired to carry out a separation with a high khroughput rate, the milk product can first be sep-arated by means of a filter in which the main quantity of the filter pores has a diameter of at most 10 ~ m. A
cream is thus obtained which, owing to its great droplet size, is suitable for butter production. Furthermore, a skim mil~ with a relati~ely high fat percentage is ob-tained. This skim milk is then separated by means of a filter having a smaller pore size, thereby obtaining cream separately from a skim milk with a desirably low fat per-centage. For the latter separation, a filter may be used in which the main quantity of the filter pores has a di.
; ameter of at least 0.2~1 m.
Cream obtained when separating according to the invention and having a fat percentage of 15%, for example, can be concentrated further, by means of repeated separ-ation according to the present method, to a fat percentagesuch as 50%. The cream thus obtained is suitable for butter production.
The invention is described more in detail below ., .
`~ with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows an example of a device for carrying out the present method.
~' ,. . .. , , :
~050438 In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the filter device, and Fig. 2 is a flow diagram in which the filter device is included.
In Fig, 1, two hollowed plates 1 and 2 are kept together by releasable fastening means, such as bolts la, rect~ n~u /Q r and form a hollow space 3 which is preferably of rctangular shape. A diaphragm 4, serving as a filter, is clamped be- ~ `
tween the plates. This filter, which to advantage can be a diaphragm of porous plastic, is compressed aLong an an-nular surface where two annulax rubber gaskets 5 and 6 seal the space 3 against leakage along the opposing sides of the plates. The filter 4 is supported against the fil-tering pressure by a plate 7 of porous material, such as sintered stainless steel. An inlet 8 is provided for -~
supplying a milk product at a temperature of 50 to 55 C, for example, by means of a pump (not shown) generating the necessary filtering pressure. The device is also provided with an outlet 9a for the cream-enriched concentrate and an outlet 9b for the skim milk which has passed through the diaphragm 4, The system shown in Fig. 2 allows the filtering ~l :
operation to be continued for a long time. The inlet 8 of the deYice is fed by a pump 10, and the necessary filtering ' pressure is adjusted by means of a throttle valve 11 in-,~ ..
serted in the outlet 9a for the concentrate. In order to ~ attain a desired concentration of the concentrate, a rela-:$ tively great part of the latter may be returned through a pipeline 12 to the inlet of the pump 10.
In the operation of the device, the milk product . j ~, 30 to be filtered enters through the inlet 8 and sweeps over : ~ .
' the surface of the filter 4 on its way to the outlet 9a. Due to the throttling of the outlet 9a and the pressure thereby gen-erated in the upper part of the space 3, skim milk penetrates through the filter 4 and its support 7 and discharges through the outlet 9b. The pressure drop through the filter can amount to 19.6 to 294 kilopascals and the velocity of the flow along the filter surface can be 0.5 to 20 m/sec.
- :
~:
, ' - 5 ~ :
~ . , . : , . .
. . .
Centrifuging has been used for many years for separating liquid milk products. Thus, milk has been cen-trifuged to recover cream having a varying degree of fat percentage, and cream having a low fat percentage has been centrifuged to concentrate it for the production of butter.
The present invention aims at providing an inex-pensive alternati~e to centrifugal separation of milk or crea~. In order for filtering to be practical as an alter-native, it is necessary that the throughput capacity of the filter he satisfactorily high. It is known through Swedish patent specification 17,335 to separate milk by filtering, but the throughput capacity of the device there disclosed is limited by the capability of the cream to rise to the outlet for the cream under the influence of gravity. ~his means that the velocity of the milk flow past the filter suriace is so low that the filter surface becomes clogged 20 by cream, and the device rapidly becomes incapable of func- -tioning~ ObYiously this device is not practical for com-: : .
mercial use.
The present invention has for its principal object to provide a separation method based on the filtering prin-ciple and which is practical for commercial use. Themethod is characterized in that the separation of skim milk from milk or cream is carried out by means of a filter in which the main quantity of the filter pores each has a di-ameter of 0.2 - lO ~ m (micrometers), that the milk or cream i5 caused to flow along the filter surface with a .. -1-~;
.
~o50438 velocity of at least 0.5 m/sec. from an inlet to an outlet, while skim milk passes through the filter under a pressure drop of at least 19.6 kilopascals, and that the greater part of -the product, enriched with cream, is returned to the ~ilter inlet.
In this way, the fat globules in milk or cream are retained by the filter so that they do not pass through it, and they are torn away from the filter surface by the liquid flow sweeping past the latter with sufficient velocity, so that the filter will not be closged and thereby become incapable of functioning owing to a cream layer adhering to the filter.
Since the fat droplets and the bacteria of the milk are of the same size magnitude, the skim milk obtained by this method will be substantially free of bacteria, this action being more effective with finer pore size of the filter. When the filtration of the fat droplets is satisfactory, the skim milk will be completely free from bacteria so that it is not neces-sary to sterilize the skim milk by heating. The latter is an ~ important advantage because heating of the skim milk injures ; the proteins present in ît and also impairs the taste of the skim milk. The present invention also makes it possible to separate off the fat droplets of a milk product more completely ;, than by centrifuging. Thus it is possible to obtain a skim ; milk which is even more fat-free than heretofore, such as a skim milk with a fat percentage below 0.05%, if the separation is carried out by means of a filter in which the main quantity ~ of the filter pores has a maximum diameter of 1.0 ~m.
;~ 3o ., .
~t~S043~ .
The higher the flow velocity ~f the milk or cream past the filter surface, the better the latter is kept free from cream deposits. However, the high flow velocity leads to a correspondingly low cream concentra-tion in the product, which has merely swept past thefilter surface. In order to avoid excessive recirculation of this product to the filter inlet, this flow velocity preferably should not exceed 20 m/sec.
If it is desired to carry out a separation with a high khroughput rate, the milk product can first be sep-arated by means of a filter in which the main quantity of the filter pores has a diameter of at most 10 ~ m. A
cream is thus obtained which, owing to its great droplet size, is suitable for butter production. Furthermore, a skim mil~ with a relati~ely high fat percentage is ob-tained. This skim milk is then separated by means of a filter having a smaller pore size, thereby obtaining cream separately from a skim milk with a desirably low fat per-centage. For the latter separation, a filter may be used in which the main quantity of the filter pores has a di.
; ameter of at least 0.2~1 m.
Cream obtained when separating according to the invention and having a fat percentage of 15%, for example, can be concentrated further, by means of repeated separ-ation according to the present method, to a fat percentagesuch as 50%. The cream thus obtained is suitable for butter production.
The invention is described more in detail below ., .
`~ with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows an example of a device for carrying out the present method.
~' ,. . .. , , :
~050438 In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the filter device, and Fig. 2 is a flow diagram in which the filter device is included.
In Fig, 1, two hollowed plates 1 and 2 are kept together by releasable fastening means, such as bolts la, rect~ n~u /Q r and form a hollow space 3 which is preferably of rctangular shape. A diaphragm 4, serving as a filter, is clamped be- ~ `
tween the plates. This filter, which to advantage can be a diaphragm of porous plastic, is compressed aLong an an-nular surface where two annulax rubber gaskets 5 and 6 seal the space 3 against leakage along the opposing sides of the plates. The filter 4 is supported against the fil-tering pressure by a plate 7 of porous material, such as sintered stainless steel. An inlet 8 is provided for -~
supplying a milk product at a temperature of 50 to 55 C, for example, by means of a pump (not shown) generating the necessary filtering pressure. The device is also provided with an outlet 9a for the cream-enriched concentrate and an outlet 9b for the skim milk which has passed through the diaphragm 4, The system shown in Fig. 2 allows the filtering ~l :
operation to be continued for a long time. The inlet 8 of the deYice is fed by a pump 10, and the necessary filtering ' pressure is adjusted by means of a throttle valve 11 in-,~ ..
serted in the outlet 9a for the concentrate. In order to ~ attain a desired concentration of the concentrate, a rela-:$ tively great part of the latter may be returned through a pipeline 12 to the inlet of the pump 10.
In the operation of the device, the milk product . j ~, 30 to be filtered enters through the inlet 8 and sweeps over : ~ .
' the surface of the filter 4 on its way to the outlet 9a. Due to the throttling of the outlet 9a and the pressure thereby gen-erated in the upper part of the space 3, skim milk penetrates through the filter 4 and its support 7 and discharges through the outlet 9b. The pressure drop through the filter can amount to 19.6 to 294 kilopascals and the velocity of the flow along the filter surface can be 0.5 to 20 m/sec.
- :
~:
, ' - 5 ~ :
~ . , . : , . .
. . .
Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In the separation of skim milk from milk products with the use of a filter in which the main quantity of the filter pores each has a diameter of 0.2 to 10 µm, the method which comprises causing the milk products to flow along the filter surface on one side of the filter at a velocity of 0.5 to 20 m/sec. from an inlet of the filter to an outlet thereof while passing skim milk through the filter to the other side thereof under a pressure drop of at least 19.6 kilopascals and while discharging a cream-enriched product from said outlet, and returning the greater part of said cream-enriched product from said outlet to said inlet.
2. The method of claim 1, in which the main quantity of the filter pores each has a maximum diameter of 1.0 µm.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7403019-8A SE380422B (en) | 1974-03-07 | 1974-03-07 | PROCEDURE FOR SEPARATION OF LIQUID MILK PRODUCTS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1050438A true CA1050438A (en) | 1979-03-13 |
Family
ID=20320438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA221,418A Expired CA1050438A (en) | 1974-03-07 | 1975-03-06 | Milk ultrafiltration with concentrate sweeping membrane clean |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5832950B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT349820B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU465787B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE825076A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1050438A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH581424A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2502664A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK90075A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI56918C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2262910B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1451747A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1031264B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL177791C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO136869C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL93498B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE380422B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU680612A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3819704C1 (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1989-09-28 | Kraft Europe R & D, Inc. Zweigniederlassung Muenchen, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
| GB8827075D0 (en) * | 1988-11-19 | 1988-12-21 | Jessup M B | Diffusion membrane water trap |
| CA2095057C (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1998-06-16 | Peter John Degen | Production of sterile milk through dynamic microfiltration |
| US5256437A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1993-10-26 | Pall Corporation | Product and process of making sterile milk through dynamic microfiltration |
| EP1926834A4 (en) | 2005-09-20 | 2009-04-22 | Prolacta Bioscience Inc | A method for testing milk |
| CN101626697A (en) | 2006-11-29 | 2010-01-13 | 普罗莱克塔生物科学公司 | Human milk compositions and methods of making and using same |
| ES2588527T3 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2016-11-03 | Prolacta Bioscience, Inc. | Compositions of human lipids and procedures for preparing and using them |
| WO2010065652A1 (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-10 | Prolacta Bioscience, Inc. | Human milk permeate compositions and methods of making and using same |
| DK2739157T3 (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2018-01-08 | Prolacta Bioscience Inc | Microfiltration of human milk to reduce bacterial contamination |
| CA2902990C (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2021-11-16 | Prolacta Bioscience, Inc. | High fat human milk products |
| IL303044B1 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2025-01-01 | Prolacta Bioscience Inc | Human milk products useful in pre- and post-operative care |
| RU2621865C1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-06-07 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Пензенский государственный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "Пензенский государственный университет") | Method for milk separation and device for its implementation |
| CN115005108A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-06 | 艾洪江 | Processing technology of dairy product |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE314090C (en) * |
-
1974
- 1974-03-07 SE SE7403019-8A patent/SE380422B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-01-23 DE DE19752502664 patent/DE2502664A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1975-01-29 IT IT19720/75A patent/IT1031264B/en active
- 1975-01-29 FI FI750239A patent/FI56918C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-01-31 BE BE152964A patent/BE825076A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-02-07 GB GB534275A patent/GB1451747A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-13 FR FR7504479A patent/FR2262910B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-02-13 NL NLAANVRAGE7501704,A patent/NL177791C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-02-17 NO NO750508A patent/NO136869C/en unknown
- 1975-02-17 JP JP50018977A patent/JPS5832950B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-19 AU AU78359/75A patent/AU465787B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-05 PL PL1975178529A patent/PL93498B1/pl unknown
- 1975-03-06 CH CH286375A patent/CH581424A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-03-06 DK DK90075*#A patent/DK90075A/da unknown
- 1975-03-06 SU SU752110891A patent/SU680612A3/en active
- 1975-03-06 CA CA221,418A patent/CA1050438A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-07 AT AT181175A patent/AT349820B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI56918B (en) | 1980-01-31 |
| NO136869B (en) | 1977-08-15 |
| SE7403019L (en) | 1975-09-08 |
| NO750508L (en) | 1975-09-09 |
| FR2262910A1 (en) | 1975-10-03 |
| PL93498B1 (en) | 1977-05-30 |
| SE380422B (en) | 1975-11-10 |
| ATA181175A (en) | 1978-09-15 |
| BE825076A (en) | 1975-05-15 |
| DE2502664A1 (en) | 1975-09-11 |
| FI750239A (en) | 1975-09-08 |
| GB1451747A (en) | 1976-10-06 |
| DE2502664B2 (en) | 1979-06-21 |
| NL177791B (en) | 1985-07-01 |
| NO136869C (en) | 1977-11-23 |
| NL7501704A (en) | 1975-09-09 |
| FR2262910B1 (en) | 1979-03-16 |
| JPS5832950B2 (en) | 1983-07-16 |
| AT349820B (en) | 1979-04-25 |
| IT1031264B (en) | 1979-04-30 |
| JPS50121461A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
| FI56918C (en) | 1980-05-12 |
| NL177791C (en) | 1985-12-02 |
| CH581424A5 (en) | 1976-11-15 |
| AU465787B2 (en) | 1975-10-09 |
| SU680612A3 (en) | 1979-08-15 |
| DK90075A (en) | 1975-11-10 |
| AU7835975A (en) | 1975-10-09 |
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