CA1045443A - Freeze concentration - Google Patents
Freeze concentrationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1045443A CA1045443A CA160,460A CA160460A CA1045443A CA 1045443 A CA1045443 A CA 1045443A CA 160460 A CA160460 A CA 160460A CA 1045443 A CA1045443 A CA 1045443A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- foam
- centrifuge
- tank
- ice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021539 instant coffee Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/90—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B2/905—Fractionated crystallisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F5/00—Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F5/24—Extraction of coffee; Coffee extracts; Making instant coffee
- A23F5/28—Drying or concentrating coffee extract
- A23F5/30—Drying or concentrating coffee extract by freezing out the water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof containing fruit or vegetable juices
- A23L2/08—Concentrating or drying of juices
- A23L2/12—Concentrating or drying of juices by freezing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H6/00—Methods for increasing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages
- C12H6/04—Methods for increasing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages by freezing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The invention includes a method and apparatus for the concentration of a liquid comprising coffee extract, tea, beer or citrus fruit wherein the liquid is subjected to freeze concentration to form ice in the liquid, the liquid and ice are fed to a centrifuge which separates the concentrated liquor from the ice but produces also a foam, the foam is separated from the ice and liquid and further treated so as to be included in the final concentrated product.
Description
This invention relates to the concentration of liquid coffee extract, tea, beer and citrus fruit juices.
It is known to subject liquid coffee extract to freeze concentrations whereby a slurry of ice and liquid is produced wiich is fed to a centrifuge which separates the concentrated liquor from the ice. A particular difficulty is experienced due to formation of foam in the centrifuge which may even necessitate shutting down the plant while the foam is removed. The foam usually contains useful coffee solids.
The present invention provides a method for the concentration of a liquid comprising coffee extract, tea, beer or citrus fruit wherein the liquid is subjected to freeze concentration to form ice in the liquid, the liquid and ice are fed to a centrifuge which separates the concentrated liquor from the ice but produces also a foam, the foam is separated from the ice and liquid, further treated to cause it to subside to a liquid condition, and included in the final concentrated product.
The foam may be combined with infeed liquid which is fed to the freeze concentration apparatus.
The foam from the centrifuge may be taken out with the wash water used for washing the ice and fed to a secondary feed liquid holding tank which contains liquor which is fed to a crystallizer or other freezing apparatus whence it is again fed to the centrifuge, the foam from the holding tank being fed to a treatment vessel in which the foam is caused to subside to liquid either by a long holding period e.g. 2 to 24 hours (usually 8 to 16 hours) or by being treated with steam, the liquid being then fed back to a primary holding tank which receives fresh feed liquid e.g. from coffee ex-tractors and feeds the mixture to the secondary holding tank. This holding D
~045443 ~
tank may be arranged before or after a filter or ~
bowl type centrifuge for removing wax or other ¦
precip;tates, ,~
It was to be expected that the liquid produced from foam either by long standing or by steam treatment would have an undesirable flavour i but we have found that this liquid mixed with the feed liquor and treated in the freeze concentration system and subsequently reduced to powder or granular , form provides a soluble coffee of high quality and 1 very acceptable taste. Il Foam may also leave the freeze concentration ~¦
centrifuge with the mother liquor and this may be fed to a holding tank from which foam may likewise be treated to reduce it to liquid which is fed back to mix with incoming fresh coffee liquid.
The ice from the centrifuge may be fed to a melting tank with foam and the temperature of the contents of the tank increased to an-extent causing the foam to subside into liquid sufficiently rapidly that there is no build up of foam, Thus the temperature of the contents of the tank may be raised to 80-150F
e.g. 90 - 110F~ This may be effected with steam coils or an electrically heated coil or in any other suitable way~
Alternatively some or all of the foam with
It is known to subject liquid coffee extract to freeze concentrations whereby a slurry of ice and liquid is produced wiich is fed to a centrifuge which separates the concentrated liquor from the ice. A particular difficulty is experienced due to formation of foam in the centrifuge which may even necessitate shutting down the plant while the foam is removed. The foam usually contains useful coffee solids.
The present invention provides a method for the concentration of a liquid comprising coffee extract, tea, beer or citrus fruit wherein the liquid is subjected to freeze concentration to form ice in the liquid, the liquid and ice are fed to a centrifuge which separates the concentrated liquor from the ice but produces also a foam, the foam is separated from the ice and liquid, further treated to cause it to subside to a liquid condition, and included in the final concentrated product.
The foam may be combined with infeed liquid which is fed to the freeze concentration apparatus.
The foam from the centrifuge may be taken out with the wash water used for washing the ice and fed to a secondary feed liquid holding tank which contains liquor which is fed to a crystallizer or other freezing apparatus whence it is again fed to the centrifuge, the foam from the holding tank being fed to a treatment vessel in which the foam is caused to subside to liquid either by a long holding period e.g. 2 to 24 hours (usually 8 to 16 hours) or by being treated with steam, the liquid being then fed back to a primary holding tank which receives fresh feed liquid e.g. from coffee ex-tractors and feeds the mixture to the secondary holding tank. This holding D
~045443 ~
tank may be arranged before or after a filter or ~
bowl type centrifuge for removing wax or other ¦
precip;tates, ,~
It was to be expected that the liquid produced from foam either by long standing or by steam treatment would have an undesirable flavour i but we have found that this liquid mixed with the feed liquor and treated in the freeze concentration system and subsequently reduced to powder or granular , form provides a soluble coffee of high quality and 1 very acceptable taste. Il Foam may also leave the freeze concentration ~¦
centrifuge with the mother liquor and this may be fed to a holding tank from which foam may likewise be treated to reduce it to liquid which is fed back to mix with incoming fresh coffee liquid.
The ice from the centrifuge may be fed to a melting tank with foam and the temperature of the contents of the tank increased to an-extent causing the foam to subside into liquid sufficiently rapidly that there is no build up of foam, Thus the temperature of the contents of the tank may be raised to 80-150F
e.g. 90 - 110F~ This may be effected with steam coils or an electrically heated coil or in any other suitable way~
Alternatively some or all of the foam with
-2-1~4S443 the mother liquor may be mixed with the mother liquor to produce a foamed mass which is frozen and subjected to freeze drying.
From another aspect, the invention provides apparatus for the con-centration of liquid comprising a crystallizer, means for supplying liquid to the crystallizer, a centrifuge, means for feeding liquid with ice from the crystallizer to the centrifuge, a foam treatment tank means for feeding froth from the centrifuge to the foam treatment tank, means for conveying liquid from the treatment tank to the liquid in the apparatus.
The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings wherein:
Figure 1 shows the invention applied to a single stage concentration system; and Figure 2 shows the invention applied to a double stage concentration.
Figure 3 shows a centrifuge system used in a modification of the invention.
In Figure 1 two primary holding tanks 10, 11 are shown. The tank 10 is fed with feed liquor at 12 coming from coffee extractors. The liquid from tank 10 may at a low temperature e.g. 29 - 35 F to assist in precipitating waxes and like precipitating material which is removed by a filter or bowl type centrifuge 13 before being fed to the tank 11. The liquor from tank 11 is fed by pump 16 into a secondary holding tank 17. Liquor from tank 17 is fed by pump 18 into a crystallizer 20 comprising the first part of a freeze concentrating system, the otherpart of which is a centrifuge 21. The crystallizer 20 causes ice to form in the liquor and the resultant slurry of ice and liquor enters the centrifuge 21. The centrifuge 21 may be the known type having a rotating perforated basket from which the ice is scraped con-tinuously. The ice leaves at 22 and enters a melting tank 23. Some liquid from 23 goes to waste at 24 while some is pumped by pump 27 through pipe 28 to the centrifuge 21 to serve as 104~443 wash water which oa~hoc the ice to remove coffee solids ,j from the ice. The wash water passes out with foam at ¦
30 and is fed to the secondary holding tank 17. The mother li~uor which passes through the perforated basket is fed by pipe 31 to a mother liquor tank 32, Foam from tanks 17, 32 overflows through suitable channels or chutes 34, 35 and is fed to a vessel 36 in which the foam is held for some hours and/or treated with steam to cause it to subside to liquid.~ This liquid is then fed by pump 40 and pipe ~ to one or both of the tanks 10,11. .
Some liquid may be recycled by pump 41 from the outlet of crystallizer 20 to its inlet.
The double sl:age system shown in Figure 2 is -.. ' ' ' jl similar but li~uor from the tank 32 is pumped to a second 1, crystallizer 50 and the slurry from this crystallizer is fed to a second centrifuge 51, The ice from 51 is fed ¦
through line 52 to the feed tank 17, Mother liquor from 51 is fed by pipe 54 to a product tank 55, The ice from the centrifuge 21 goes via-pipe 22 to a melting tank 56 .
and the wash water goes through pipe 30 to a wash water tank 57. Foam may overflow from any or all of the tanks 32, 57, 17, 55 and be fed to the treatment tank 36 whence the l~quid from the foam is pumped back to one or both of the tanks 10, 11.
Figure 3 shows a centrifuge 60 fed at 61 with a slurry of ice and coffee liquor from a crysta;lizer, The centrifuge may be of the kind having a rotating perforated basket from which the ice is scraped off and lV45443 fed to an outlet pipe or chute 62. Mother liquor leaves at 63 and wash water at 64. The ice together with foam enters a tank 16 which is heated by a heater 67 up to say 100F. The foam is reduced to liquid and passes partly to waste at 69 (or back to the coffee extractors) and partly by pump 70 and pipe 71 to enter the centrifuge 72 to serve as wash water for the centrifuge basket and partly at 73 to wash the ice in the centrifuge. The wash water may be cooled if required.
From another aspect, the invention provides apparatus for the con-centration of liquid comprising a crystallizer, means for supplying liquid to the crystallizer, a centrifuge, means for feeding liquid with ice from the crystallizer to the centrifuge, a foam treatment tank means for feeding froth from the centrifuge to the foam treatment tank, means for conveying liquid from the treatment tank to the liquid in the apparatus.
The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings wherein:
Figure 1 shows the invention applied to a single stage concentration system; and Figure 2 shows the invention applied to a double stage concentration.
Figure 3 shows a centrifuge system used in a modification of the invention.
In Figure 1 two primary holding tanks 10, 11 are shown. The tank 10 is fed with feed liquor at 12 coming from coffee extractors. The liquid from tank 10 may at a low temperature e.g. 29 - 35 F to assist in precipitating waxes and like precipitating material which is removed by a filter or bowl type centrifuge 13 before being fed to the tank 11. The liquor from tank 11 is fed by pump 16 into a secondary holding tank 17. Liquor from tank 17 is fed by pump 18 into a crystallizer 20 comprising the first part of a freeze concentrating system, the otherpart of which is a centrifuge 21. The crystallizer 20 causes ice to form in the liquor and the resultant slurry of ice and liquor enters the centrifuge 21. The centrifuge 21 may be the known type having a rotating perforated basket from which the ice is scraped con-tinuously. The ice leaves at 22 and enters a melting tank 23. Some liquid from 23 goes to waste at 24 while some is pumped by pump 27 through pipe 28 to the centrifuge 21 to serve as 104~443 wash water which oa~hoc the ice to remove coffee solids ,j from the ice. The wash water passes out with foam at ¦
30 and is fed to the secondary holding tank 17. The mother li~uor which passes through the perforated basket is fed by pipe 31 to a mother liquor tank 32, Foam from tanks 17, 32 overflows through suitable channels or chutes 34, 35 and is fed to a vessel 36 in which the foam is held for some hours and/or treated with steam to cause it to subside to liquid.~ This liquid is then fed by pump 40 and pipe ~ to one or both of the tanks 10,11. .
Some liquid may be recycled by pump 41 from the outlet of crystallizer 20 to its inlet.
The double sl:age system shown in Figure 2 is -.. ' ' ' jl similar but li~uor from the tank 32 is pumped to a second 1, crystallizer 50 and the slurry from this crystallizer is fed to a second centrifuge 51, The ice from 51 is fed ¦
through line 52 to the feed tank 17, Mother liquor from 51 is fed by pipe 54 to a product tank 55, The ice from the centrifuge 21 goes via-pipe 22 to a melting tank 56 .
and the wash water goes through pipe 30 to a wash water tank 57. Foam may overflow from any or all of the tanks 32, 57, 17, 55 and be fed to the treatment tank 36 whence the l~quid from the foam is pumped back to one or both of the tanks 10, 11.
Figure 3 shows a centrifuge 60 fed at 61 with a slurry of ice and coffee liquor from a crysta;lizer, The centrifuge may be of the kind having a rotating perforated basket from which the ice is scraped off and lV45443 fed to an outlet pipe or chute 62. Mother liquor leaves at 63 and wash water at 64. The ice together with foam enters a tank 16 which is heated by a heater 67 up to say 100F. The foam is reduced to liquid and passes partly to waste at 69 (or back to the coffee extractors) and partly by pump 70 and pipe 71 to enter the centrifuge 72 to serve as wash water for the centrifuge basket and partly at 73 to wash the ice in the centrifuge. The wash water may be cooled if required.
Claims (18)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for the concentration of a liquid comprising coffee extract, tea, beer or citrus fruit wherein the liquid is subjected to freeze concentration to form ice in the liquid, the liquid and ice are fed to a centrifuge which separates the concentrated liquor from the ice but produces also a foam, the foam is separated from the ice and liquid, further treated to cause it to subside to a liquid condition, and included in the final concentrated product.
2. A method for the concentration of a liquid comprising coffee extract, tea, beer or citrus fruit juice wherein the liquid is subjected to freeze concentration to form ice in the liquid, the liquid and ice are fed to a centrifuge which separates the concentrated liquor from the ice, but produces also a foam, the foam is treated to reduce it to a reformed liquid and the reformed liquid is combined with infeed liquid which is to be sub-jected to said freeze concentration.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising feeding liquid from a primary holding tank to a secondary holding tank, feeding liquid from the secondary holding tank to a freeze concentrating apparatus and thence to a centrifuge, washing the ice in the centrifuge with wash water, feeding the wash water and foam to the secondary holding tank, feeding the foam from the holding tank to a foam treatment tank, treating the foam in said foam treat-ment tank to reform liquid from the foam and feeding the reformed liquid to said primary holding tank.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprising feeding mother liquid with some foam from the centrifuge to a mother liquid holding tank, removing the foam from the latter tank, treating this foam to reform it to a liquid and feeding the latter to the liquid supplied to be freeze concentrated.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein liquid from a first freeze concentration and centrifuging step is subjected to a second freeze contentration and centrifuging step, and foam from the second centrifuging step is reformed to liquid which is fed into the liquid being fed to the first concentration step.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein foam is mixed with mother liquid to produce a foamed mass which is frozen and subjected to freeze drying.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the foam is treated in a tank by subjecting it to temperature sufficiently high to cause the foam to reform to a liquid.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the temperature is 80-150°F.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the temperature is 90-110°F.
10. Apparatus for the concentration of liquid comprising a crystallizer, means for supplying liquid to the crystallizer, a centrifuge, means for feeding liquid with ice from the crystallizer to the centrifuge, a foam treatment tank means for feeding froth from the centrifuge to the foam treatment tank, means for conveying liquid from the treatment tank to the liquid in the apparatus.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 having a holding tank receiving froth from the centrifuge and means for conveying froth overflowing from the holding tank to the treatment tank.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, having two holding tanks, one being a mother liquid tank connected to the mother liquor outlet of the centrifuge and the other being connected to a wash water and froth exit of the centrifuge, means being provided for conveying froth overflowing from both tanks to the liquid supplied to the crystallizer.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claims 10, 11 or 12 having two primary holding tanks for liquid to be supplied to the crystallizer, means connecting one primary holding tank to the other through a filter or centrifuge, and a pump connected between the froth treatment tank and one or both of the primary tanks.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 having a second crystallizer the output of which is connected to a second centrifuge, a first holding tank, means for supplying liquid to be treated to the holding tank, means for feeding ice from the second centrifuge to the holding tank, means for feeding liquid from the holding tank to the first crystallizer, a second holding tank, means for feeding liquid and foam from the first centrifuge to the second holding tank, means for conveying froth overflowing from the first and second holding tanks to the froth treatment tank.
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 having a third holding tank, the second and third holding tanks being connected to the first centrifuge to receive respectively mother liquor and ice-wash water therefrom, the means for conveying froth being arranged to convey the froth overflowing from both second and third holding tanks to the froth treatment tank.
16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 or 15 having two primary holding tanks for liquid to be fed to the first cyrstallizer, means for connecting these two primary tanks together through a sediment separation device, the froth treatment tank being connected to one or both of the primary tanks, while the primary tank that receives liquid from the separation device is connected to said first holding tank.
17. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 10, 11 or 14 wherein the froth treatment tank contains a heating device in the lower part thereof.
18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 wherein the foam treatment tank is connected to the centrifuge to receive ice and foam therefrom and is separa-tely connected to the centrifuge to supply liquid as wash water from the centrifuge basket and/or as ice-wash water.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB36372 | 1972-01-05 | ||
| GB36272A GB1372281A (en) | 1972-01-05 | 1972-01-05 | Freeze concentration |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1045443A true CA1045443A (en) | 1979-01-02 |
Family
ID=26235880
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA160,460A Expired CA1045443A (en) | 1972-01-05 | 1973-01-03 | Freeze concentration |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1045443A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2263059C3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1372281A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5536512A (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1996-07-16 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Improvements in production of fermented malt beverages |
| US5695795A (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1997-12-09 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Methods for chill-treating non-distilled malted barley beverages |
| US5869114A (en) | 1994-03-18 | 1999-02-09 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Production of fermented malt beverages |
| USRE36897E (en) | 1993-03-23 | 2000-10-03 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Methods for chill treating non-distilled malted barley beverages |
-
1972
- 1972-01-05 GB GB36272A patent/GB1372281A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-22 DE DE2263059A patent/DE2263059C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-22 DE DE7246999U patent/DE7246999U/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-01-03 CA CA160,460A patent/CA1045443A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5536512A (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1996-07-16 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Improvements in production of fermented malt beverages |
| US5695795A (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1997-12-09 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Methods for chill-treating non-distilled malted barley beverages |
| USRE36897E (en) | 1993-03-23 | 2000-10-03 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Methods for chill treating non-distilled malted barley beverages |
| US5869114A (en) | 1994-03-18 | 1999-02-09 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Production of fermented malt beverages |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1372281A (en) | 1974-10-30 |
| DE2263059B2 (en) | 1977-09-29 |
| DE2263059A1 (en) | 1973-07-26 |
| DE7246999U (en) | 1979-02-22 |
| DE2263059C3 (en) | 1978-06-08 |
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