BRPI0608938A2 - abrasive article having reaction activated chromophore - Google Patents

Abstract

ABRASIVE ARTICLE PRESENTING CHromophor ACTIVATED BY REACTION. The present invention relates to an abrasive article having a layer including an epoxy constituent, a cationic photoinitiator in the epoxy constituent, and a latent dye configured to change color in response to activation of the cationic photoinitiator.

Description

Report of the Invention Patent for "ABRASIVE ARTICLE PRESENTING ACTIVATED CHROMOPHOR".

Technical Field

The present invention relates to abrasive articles and methods

for forming such abrasive articles. Background of the Invention

Abrasive articles, such as coated abrasives and bonded abrasives, are used in various industries for machining workpieces such as grinding, precision grinding or polishing. Machining using abrasive articles covers a wide industrial field • from optical industries to automotive paint repair to metal fabrication industries. In each of these examples, factories use abrasives to remove excess material or affect surface product characteristics.

Surface features include gloss, texture and uniformity. For example, metal component manufacturers use abrasive articles to sharpen and polish surfaces, and often want a uniformly smooth surface. Similarly, optical product manufacturers want abrasive articles that produce flawless surfaces to prevent diffraction and scattering of light.

Manufacturers also want abrasive articles that have a high material removal rate in certain applications. However, there is often a deadlock between removal rate and surface quality. Finer grain abrasive articles typically produce smoother surfaces, yet have lower material removal rates. Lower material removal rates lead to slower production and increased costs.

Particularly in the context of commercially available fine-grained abrasive articles, abrasives tend to leave random surface defects, such as scratches that are deeper than the average scratches from material removal. Such scratches may be caused by grains that detach from the abrasive article, producing wavy indentations. When present, these scratches scatter light, reducing optical clarity in lenses or producing turbidity or a veiled finish on decorative metal parts. Such scratches also provide nucleation points or attachment points that reduce the release characteristics of a surface. For example, scratches on sanitary equipment allow bacteria to attach to surfaces, and scratches on polished reactors allow bubbles to form and act as surface features to initiate undesirable reactions.

Loss of grains also degrade the effectiveness of abrasive articles, leading to frequent replacement. Frequent replacement of a-brazing articles is costly for manufacturers. As such, improved abrasive articles and methods for producing abrasive articles would be desirable.

Description of the Invention

In a particular embodiment, an abrasive article has a layer comprising an epoxy constituent, a cationic photoinitiator in the epoxy constituent and a latent dye configured to change color in response to activation of the cationic photoinitiator.

In another exemplary embodiment, an abrasive article includes a polymeric matrix, a reaction activated chromophore in the polymeric matrix and particulate abrasive grains.

In an additional exemplary embodiment, an abrasive article includes a reaction activated chromophore.

In an exemplary additional embodiment, a method of producing an abrasive article includes initiating a curing process on an abrasive article workpiece. The abrasive workpiece includes a polymeric precursor and a latent colorant. The latent dye is configured to change color in response to cure. The method also includes determining a target color of the abrasive workpiece and terminating the curing process when the abrasive workpiece displays the target color. In another exemplary embodiment, a quality control method of a An abrasive product includes forming an abrasive product comprising a polymeric matrix and a reaction activated chromophore. The reaction activated chromophore is configured to display a color characteristic based on a cure state. The method also includes inspecting the abrasive based on the color characteristic and categorizing the abrasive based on the color characteristic. In an exemplary additional embodiment, an abrasive article includes a patterned layer to form a surface structure. The layer includes a material comprising a polymeric matrix and a reaction activated chromophore, and includes abrasive grains bonded to the layer. Concise Description of Drawings

The present description may be better understood, and its numerous features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 includes an illustration of a coated abrasive article.

exemplary.

Figure 2 includes an illustration of a structured abrasive article

exemplary.

Figure 3 includes an illustration of an abrasive article bonded and

xemplar.

Use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items. Modalities for Carrying Out the Invention

In a particular embodiment, the description refers to an article

an abrasive having a layer which is formed of a polymeric matrix. The polymeric matrix includes a reaction activated chromophore configured to indicate a cure state. In one exemplary embodiment, the reactive chromophore includes a latent colorant and a cure byproduct. Per

For example, the cure byproduct may be a photoinitiator activation byproduct. The abrasive article may also include particulate abrasive grains. In another embodiment, the description relates to a method of producing an abrasive article. The method includes starting a curing process on a workpiece, determining a target color displayed by the workpiece, and finishing the curing process based on the target color. The curing process may include photocure or thermal curing.

In an additional exemplary embodiment, the description relates to a quality control method of an abrasive product. The method includes forming an abrasive product having a polymeric matrix and reaction-activated chromophore, inspecting the abrasive product

relation to a characteristic color and categorize the abrasive product based on the characteristic color. The color characteristic may, for example, be a target color or color uniformity.

Generally, the abrasive article is formed by curing a binder formulation. The binder formulation typically includes polyphenol precursors.

polymerizable constituents or constituents. For example, the binder formulation may include cationically polymerizable constituents or may include radical polymerizable constituents. Additionally, the delignant formulation includes a catalyst or initiator, such as a photoinitiator or thermal initiator, to initiate and facilitate curing. In a particular mode

In addition, the binder formulation includes a latent dye. The latent dye may react with curing by-products, such as species derived from activated initiators, to change color.

The abrasive article also includes abrasive particles. In one embodiment, the binder formulation is used as a flexible layer,

an intermediate layer of adhesive or an adhesive layer on a coated abrasive article. Abrasive grains may be deposited on the adhesive intermediate layer and given an upper adhesive layer. In another embodiment, the abrasive grains are mixed with the binder formulation, a mold is filled with the mixture and the mixture is cured to

form a bonded abrasive article.

In one exemplary embodiment, the binder formulation includes a cationically polymerizable constituent. For example, the cationically polymerizable constituent may have epoxy functional groups or oxerane functional groups.

Constituents including epoxy functional groups, also referred to as epoxy constituents, are cationically curable, which means that polymerization or crosslinking of the epoxy group may be initiated by cations. Epoxy constituents may be monomers, oligomers or polymers and are sometimes referred to as "resins". Such materials may have an aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic or heterocyclic structure. Epoxy constituents may include epoxy groups as side groups, or epoxy groups may form part of an alicyclic or heterocyclic ring system. Epoxy groups may also be attached to, for example, siloxane-containing backbones.

The epoxy constituent may, for example, include at least one liquid component such that the combination of materials is a liquid. Thus, the epoxy constituent can be a single liquid epoxy material, a combination of liquid epoxy materials or a combination of liquid e -poxy material (s) and soluble solid epoxy material (s). behold) in the liquid.

An example of a suitable epoxy constituent includes polyglycidyl or poly (methylglycidyl) polycarboxylic acid ester, polyether poly (oxyranyl) ether, epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid or any combination thereof. Polycarboxylic acid may be aliphatic, such as, for example, glutaric acid, adipic acid and the like; cycloaliphatic, such as, for example, tetrahydrophthalic acid; or aromatic, such as, for example, italic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid or pyromelitic acid; or any combinations thereof. The polyether may be poly (tetramethylene oxide). A carboxy terminated duct, for example of trimellitic acid or polyol, such as glycerol or 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane may be used. An epoxidized unsaturated acid acid may be obtained from, for example, lignin oil or perilla oil.

A suitable epoxy constituent may include polyglycidyl or poly (methylglycidyl) ether obtainable by the reaction of a compound having at least one alcoholic hydroxy group or free phenolic hydroxy group and a suitably substituted epichlorohydrin. The alcohol may be acyclic alcohol, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or higher poly (oxyethylene) glycol; cycloaliphatic, such as, for example, 1,3- or 1,4-dihydroxycycloxane, bis (4-hydroxycycloexyl) methane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycycloexyl) propane or 1,1-bis (hydroxymethyl) cycloex-3 -ene; or contains aromatic nuclei, such as N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aniline or p, p'-bis (2-hydroxyethylamino) diphenylmethane.

Alternatively, the epoxy constituent may be derived from mononuclear phenol, such as, for example, from resorcinol or hydroquinone, or may be based on polynuclear phenol, such as, for example, bis (4-

hydroxyphenyl) methane (bisphenol F), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A) or condensation products obtained under acidic conditions of phenol or cresol with formaldehyde such as phenol novolac or cresol novolac.

A suitable epoxy constituent may alternatively include poly (N-glycidyl) compound, which is, for example, obtainable by dehydrochloride.

The reaction product of the epichlorohydrin reaction with an amine comprising at least two hydrogen atoms in the amine, such as, for example, n-butylamine, aniline, toluidine, m-xylylene diamine, bis (4-aminophenyl) methane or bis (4- aminophenyl) methane. An exemplary poly (N-glycidyl) compound also includes a cycloalkylenurea N, N'-diglycidyl derivative such as ethylene or

rea or 1,3-propylenurea, or an N, N'-diglycidyl derivative of hydantoin, such as 5,5-dimethylhydantoin.

A further example of a suitable epoxy constituent includes poly (S-glycidyl) compound which is a di-S-glycidyl derivative which is dithiol derivative such as for example ethane-1,2-dithiol or bis (4) ether -

mercaptomethylphenyl).

A further example of a suitable epoxy constituent is terbis (2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether, 2,3-epoxycyclopentylglycidyl ether, 1,2-bis (2,3-epoxycyclopentyloxy) ethane, bis (4-hydroxycycloexyl) methane diglycidyl ether, ether 2 2-bis (4-hydroxycycloexyl) propane diglycidyl, 3,4-epoxycycloexylmethyl-3,4-

epoxycyclohexane, 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, di (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) -hexanedioate, di (3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) -hexanedioate (ethylenebis) 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate), ethanedioldi (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) ether, vinylcycloexane dioxide, dicyclopentadiene diepoxide, .alpha .- (oxiranylmethyl) -. Omega .- (oxiranylmethoxy) poly (oxy) butanediyl), neopenylglycol diglycidyl ether or 2- (3,4-epoxycycloexyl-5,5-spiro-3,4-epoxy) cyclohexane-1,3-dioxane, or any combination thereof.

An epoxy resin in which 1,2-epoxy groups bind to different heteroatoms or functional groups may also be useful. Such a compound includes, for example, 4-aminophenol N, N, O-triglycidyl derivative, glycidyl ether salicylic acid glycidyl ester, N-glycidyl-N '- (2-

glycidyloxypropyl) -5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 2-glycidyloxy-1,3-bis (5,5-dimethylglycidylhydantoin-3-yl) propane or any combination thereof.

Additionally, a pre-reacted adduct of this common hardening epoxy resin is suitable for epoxy resin. A mixture of epoxy constituents may also be used in the binder formulation.

In a particular embodiment, an epoxy constituent includes diethyl

cycloaliphatic oxide. An exemplary cycloaliphatic diepoxide is bis (4-hydroxycycloexyl) methane diglycidyl ether, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycycloexyl) propanediglycidyl ether, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl ether. 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcycloexanecarboxylate, di (3,4-

epoxycyclohexylmethyl) -hexanedioate, di (3,4-epoxy-6-methylcycloexylmethyl) -hexanedioate, ethylenebis (3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate), ethanediol-di (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) ether, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexane) 5,5-spiro-3,4-epoxy) cyclohexane-1,3-dioxane or any combination thereof.

The epoxy constituent may have a molecular weight that

varies over a wide range. In general, the epoxy equivalent weight, i.e. average numerical molecular weight divided by the number of reactive epoxy groups, is preferably in the range of 60 to 1,000.

Typically, the binder formulation includes from about 10% to about 90% by weight of the epoxide constituent. Weight percentages of

constituents of the binder formulation are set with respect to the total weight of the curable components of the composition unless otherwise specified. The binder formulation may include another cationically curable component, such as a cyclic ether component, a vinyl ether component, a cyclic lactone component, a cyclic acetal component, a cyclic thioether component, a spiroortoether component, an oxetane functional component or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, an oxetane is a component comprising one or more oxetane groups, that is, one or more four-membered ring structures according to formula (5):

<formula> formula see original document page 9 </formula> The binder formulation may also include a photoinitiatorcathonic. Generally, a cationic photoinitiator may be used which, upon exposure to actinic radiation, forms cations which initiate reactions of the epoxy constituents. Such a photoinitiator includes, for example, an onion salt with weak nucleophilic ions. An example one includes halonium salt, deiodosyl salt or sulfonium salt as described in published European patent application EP 153904 and WO 98/28663, sulfoxon salt as described, for example, in European patent applications. EP35969, 44274, 54509 and 164314, diazonium salt, as described, for example, in US Pat. 3,708,296 and 5,002,856, or any combination thereof. Another cationic photoinitiator includes metallocene salt, as described, for example, in published European applications EP 94914 and 94915. A suitable additional initiator of onium salt or metallocene salt can be found in "UV Curing, Science and Technology," (Editor SP Pappas, Technology Marketing Corp., 642 Westover Road, Stamford, Conn. , USA) or "Chemistry & Technology UV & EB Formulation Coatings, Inks & Paints" ("Chemistry & Technology UV & EB Formulation for Coatings, Inks (To Write, To Print) & Inks (To Paint)"), Vol. 3 (edited by PKT Oldring) In a particular example, a cationic photoinitiator includes a compound of formula I, II, or III below, <formula> formula see original document page 10 </formula> (III)

on what:

R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6 and R 7 are each independently a C 6 -C 18 aryl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by suitable radicals; L is boron, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony; Q is a halogen atom or some of the radicals Q in an anion LQm "may also be a hydroxy group; m is an integer corresponding to the valence of Lmais 1. An example of a C6-C18 aryl group includes a phenyl group a naphthyl group, an anthryl group or a phenanthryl group A suitable radical includes alkyl, for example C1-C6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl or various depentyl or hexyl isomers, alkoxy, for example C1 -C6 alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy or hexyloxy, alkylthio such as C1-C6 alkylthio, such as methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio or hexylthio ; halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; amino; cyano; nitro; arylthio, such as phenylthio; or any combination thereof. An example of a halogen atom includes chlorine or fluorine. include BF4 ", PF6", AsF6 ", SbF6 ', SbF5 (OH)' or any combination shall thereof. In a particular example, the photoinitiator includes a compound of formula II wherein R5, R6 and R7 are aryl it, such as phenyl, biphenyl, or any combination thereof.

In another example, the photoinitiator includes a compound of

formula (IV)

[Ri-l-RJlQmr

Wherein R c is 1 or 2; d is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; X is a non-nucleophilic anion, e.g. and R9 is a pi-arene anion, such as a cyclopentadienyl anion.An example of a pi-arene pi-arene or anion is found in published European patent application EP94915. An additional example of a pi-arene includes toluene. xylene, ethylbenzene, cumene, methoxybenzene, methylnaphthalene, pyrene, perylene, stilbene, diphenylene oxide, diphenylene sulfide or any combination thereof. In a particular example, pi-arene is cumene, methylnaphthalene or stilbene.

An example of a non-nucleophilic anion X- includes FS03 ", an anion of a sulfonic organic acid or a carboxylic acid; or an LQm 'anion as defined above. In particular, an anion may be derived from a partially fluorinated carboxylic acid or perfluoraliphatic or a partially fluorine or perfluoromatic carboxylic acid, or in particular a partially fluorine or perfluoraliphatic sulfonic organic acid or a partially fluorine or perfluoromatic sulfonic organic acid, or is an LQm anion ". A further example of an anion X "includes BF4 ', PF6", AsF6 ", SbF6", SbF5 (OH) ", CF3S03", C2F5S03 ", n-C3F7S03", n-C4F9S03 ", n-C6F13S03", n- C8Fi7S03 ", C6F5S03", phosphorus tungstate, silicon tungstate or any combination thereof. In particular, an anion is PF6 ', AsF6 ", SbF6", CF3S03 \ C2F5S03 ", n-C3F7S03", n-C4F9S03 ", n-C6Fi3S03", n-C8F17S03 "or any combination thereof.

A metallocene salt may also be used in combination with an oxidizing agent. Such a combination is described in published European patent application EP 126712.

In a particular embodiment, the binder formulation includes from about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt%, such as about 0.2 wt% to about 10 wt%, of cationic photoinitiator based total nopeus of the binder formulation.

To increase the relative light efficiency, or to sensitize the cationic photoinitiator to specific wavelengths such as, for example, specific laser wavelengths or a specific series of laser wavelengths, a sensitizer may be used, depending on the type of initiator. An exemplary sensitizer includes a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic ketocompound or any combination thereof. A specific example of a sensitizer is mentioned in published European patent application EP 153904. An exemplary sensitizer includes benzoperylene, 1,8-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene or 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 -hexatriene as described in Pat. No. 5,667,937. An additional factor in the choice of sensitizer is the nature and primary wavelength of the actinic radiation source.

In one embodiment, the binder formulation may include a radical polymerizable constituent. For example, the binder formulation may include a compound having at least one ethylenic unsaturation that can be polymerized with radicals. An example of a suitable ethylenic unsaturation is a group such as acrylate, methacrylate, styrene, vinyl ether, vinyl ester, N-substituted acrylamide, N-vinylamide functionalities, maleate ester, fumarate ester or any combination thereof. , ethylenic unsaturation is provided by a group containing acrylate, methacrylate, N-vinyl or sterile functionality. For example, the binder formulation may include one or more compounds having one or more (meth) acrylate functionalities.

The free radical polymerizable acrylic material which may be used in the binder formulation has on average at least one acrylic group which may be free acid or an ester. By "acrylic" is meant the group -CH = CR 1 CO 2 R 2, wherein R 1 may be hydrogen or methyl and R 2 may be hydrogen or alkyl. By "(meth) acrylate" is meant an acrylate, methacrylate or any combination thereof. An acrylic material typically is a free-flowing polymerization or cross-linking reaction. The acrylic material may be a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer or any combination thereof. Typically, the acrylic material is a monomer or an oligomer.

An acrylic constituent includes, for example, cycloaliphatic or aromatic diol diacrylate, such as 1,4-dihydroxymethylcyclohexane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, bis (4-

hydroxycyclohexyl) methane, hydroquinone, 4,4-dihydroxybiphenyl, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, ethoxylated or propoxylated bisphenol A, ethoxylated or propoxylated bisphenol S, and any combination thereof.

A useful aromatic tri (meth) acrylate includes, for example, a trihydric phenol triglycidyl ether reaction product, or phenol or cresol novolac which has three hydroxy groups with (meth) acrylic acid. In a particular embodiment, the acrylic material includes 1,4-dihydroxymethyl cyclohexane diacrylate, bisphenol A diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate or any combination thereof.

In a particular embodiment, the binder formulation may include a bisphenol A diepoxide acrylate, such as Ebecryl 3700® from UCBChemical Corporation, Smyrna, Ga., A debisfenol A mixed acrylate / epoxy compound such as Ebecryl 3605®, or a 1-acrylate. , 4-cyclohexanedimethanol.

In addition to or in place of aromatic or cycloaliphatic acrylic material, other acrylic materials may be useful. A poly (meth) acrylate having functionality greater than 2, where appropriate, may be used in binder formulation. Such poly (meth) acrylate may be, for example, a tri, tetra or pentafunctional monomeric or oligomeric aliphatic (meth) acrylate.

A suitable polyfunctional aliphatic (meth) acrylate includes, for example, a hexane-2,4,6-triol triacrylate or trimethacrylate, glycerol or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane; ethoxylated or propoxylated glycerol; or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane or a hydroxy group containing tri (meth) acrylate which is obtained by the reaction of a triepoxy compound, such as, for example, said triol triglycidyl ether, with (meth) acid acrylic. In addition, pentaerythritol tetracrylate, bistrimethylolpropane tetracrylate, pentaerythritol monhydroxytri (meth) acrylate or dipentaerythritol monhydroxypenta (meth) acrylate, or any combination thereof, may be useful.

In another embodiment, hexafunctional urethane (meth) acrylate is useful. Such urethane (meth) acrylate may for example be prepared by reacting a hydroxy terminated polyurethane with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or by reacting an isocyanate terminated prepolymer with hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate to accompany (meth) acrylate. ) urethane acrylate. Also useful are an acrylate or methacrylate such as detris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate.

Typically, the amount of radically polymerizable constituent is, for example, from about 0.1 wt% to about 60 wt%, such as from about 5 wt% to about 60 wt%. , or about 10 wt% and about 40 wt%.

The binder formulation may include a radical initiator, such as a radical photoinitiator, especially in combination with a radical polymerizable constituent. A photoinitiator that forms radiant freezing radicals can be used. Typically, a photoinitiator includes benzoin such as benzoin; benzoin ether, such as methyl benzoin ether, ethyl benzoin ether or isopropyl benzoin ether; benzoin phenyl ether; benzoin acetate; acetophenone, such as acetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxyacetophenone, 4- (phenylthio) acetophenone or 1,1-dichloroacetophenone; benzyl; benzyl ketal, such as benzyl dimethyl ketal or benzyl diethyl ketal; anthraquinones such as 2-methyl anthraquinone, 2-ethyl anthraquinone, 2-tert-butyl anthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone or 2-amyl anthraquinone; triphenylphosphine; benzoyl phosphine oxides, such as, for example, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoiidiphenylphosphine oxide (Lucirin TPO); benzophenone, such as benzophenone or 4,4'-bis (N, N'-dimethylamino) benzophenone; thioxanthones or xanthones; acridine derivative phenazene derivative; quinoxaline derivative; 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedion-2-O-benzoyloxime; 1-aminophenyl ketones; 1-hydroxyphenyl ketones, such as 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, phenyl (1-hydroxyisopropyl) ketone or 4-isopropylphenyl (1-hydroxyisopropyl) ketone; triazine compound, for example 4 '' - methyl-thiophenyl-1-di (trichloromethyl) -3,5-S-triazine, S-triazino-2- (stilbene) -4,6-bistrichloromethyl or paramethoxy styrene triazine, or any same combination.

A suitable free radical photoinitiator alternatively includes acetophenone, such as 2,2-dialkoxybenzophenone; a 1-hydroxyphenyl ketone, for example 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-1- {4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl} -2-methyl-1-propanone or 2-hydroxyisopropyl phenyl ketone (also called 2 -hydroxy-2,2-dimethylacetophenone), or 1-hydroxycycloexylphenyl ketone. Another class of free radical photoinitiators comprises a benzyl ketal, such as, for example, benzyl dimethyl ketal. An alpha hydroxyphenyl ketone, benzyl dimethyl ketal or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyldiphenylphosphine oxide is also useful as a phototinitiator.

Another class of suitable free radical photoinitiators includes an ionic counterion dye compound which is capable of absorbing actinic compounds and producing free radicals that can initiate polymerization of an acrylate. As such, an ionic counter-ion dye compound can thus cure using visible light in an adjustable wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers. An additional ionic counter-ion dye compound and its mode of action are, for example, found in European Patent Application EP 223587 or U.S. Patent Nos. 4,751,102, 4,772,530 or 4,772,541. An additional example of an ionic counterion dye compound includes an anionic dye-idodonium dye complex, a pyranthion-dye-ionic complex or a cationic-anion borate dye compound of the following formula:

<formula> formula see original document page 15 </formula>

wherein D + is a cationic dye and R 12, R 13, R 14 and R 15 are each independently of the other alkyl, aryl, alcaryl, allyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic or heterocyclic group. A further example of a radical R12 to R15 can be found, for example, in published European patent application EP 223587.

In a particular embodiment, the binder formulation may include about 0.01 wt.% To about 20 wt.% Free radical photoinitiator, such as about 0.01 wt.% To about 15 wt.% Photoinitiator via radicals. free, based on the total weight of the composition. A hydroxyl group-containing material may be used in binder formulation. For example, the hydroxyl group-containing material may include liquid organic material having a hydroxyl functionality of at least 1 and preferably at least 2. The hydroxyl group-containing material may be a liquid or solid which is soluble or dispersible in the remaining components. Typically, the material is substantially free of a group that substantially decelerates healing aration. Often, the organic material contains two or more primary or secondary aliphatic hydroxyl groups (that is, the hydroxyl group is directly attached to a non-aromatic carbon atom). A monomer, oligomer or polymer may be useful. The hydroxyl equivalent weight, that is, the average numerical molecular weight divided by the number of hydroxyl groups, is typically in the range of 31 to 5,000.

A representative example of a suitable organic material having a hydroxyl functionality of 1 includes alkanol, polyoxyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether or any combination thereof.

A representative example of a useful monomeric polyhydroxyorganic material includes alkylene and arylalkylene glycol or polyol such as 1,2,4-butanotriol, 1,2,6-hexanotriol, 1,2,3-heptanotriol, 2,6-dimethyl-1,2 , 6-hexanetriol, (2R, 3R) - (-) - 2-benzyloxy-1,3,4-butanetriol, 1,2,3-hexanetriol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 3-methyl-1,3 , 5-pentanotriol, 1,2,3-cyclohexanotriol, 1,3,5-cyclohexanotriol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexanodecanotriol, 2-

hydroxymethyl tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol,

1,3-cyclopentanediol, trans-1,2-cyclooctanediol, 1,16-hexanedecanediol, 3,6-dithia-1,8-octanediol, 2-butine-1,4-diol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4- butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-hepatanediol, 1,8-octanedio, 1,9-nonanediol, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1, 5-decalindiol, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexino-2,5-diol, 2,7-dimethyl-3,5-octadiino-2,7-diol, 2,3-butanediol,

1.4- cyclohexanedimethanol or any combination thereof.

A representative example of a useful hydroxyl-containing oligomeric or polymeric material includes polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene glycol or triol of molecular weights from about 200 to about 10,000; polytetramethylene glycol of various molecular weights; pendant hydroxy group-containing copolymer formed by hydrolysis or partial hydrolysis of a vinyl acetate copolymer; pendant hydroxyl group-containing polyvinylacetal resin; hydroxy terminated polyester or hydroxy terminated polylactone; hydroxy-functionalized polyalkadiene such as polybutadiene aliphatic polyol polycarbonate such as an aliphatic diol polycarbonate; hydroxy terminated polyether or any combination thereof.

A hydroxyl-containing monomer includes 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or aliphatic or cycloaliphatic monhydroxyalkanol, or any combination thereof.

A typical hydroxyl-containing oligomer or polymer includes a hydroxyl or hydroxyl / epoxy functionalized polybutadiene, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, polycaprolactone diol or triol, ethylene / butylene polyol, monhydroxyl functionalized monomer or any combination thereof. An example of polyether polyol is polypropylene glycol of various molecular weights or glycerol propoxylate-B-ethoxylate triol. Another example includes a linear or branched polyether tetrahydrofuran polyether available in various molecular weights, such as, for example, 250, 650, 1,000, 2,000 and 2,900 MW.

In a particular embodiment, the binder formulation may include up to 60% by weight of polyol. For example, the binder formulation may include from about 0.1% to about 60% by weight of polyol, such as about 3% to about 20% by weight.

The binder formulation includes a latent coloring component. In a particular embodiment, the latent staining component forms a chromophore in response to cure of polymeric constituent. In an exemplary embodiment, the latent staining component forms color or color changes in contact with a photochemically generated photoacid. In a particular embodiment, the latent staining component is a decor builder based on triaryl methane, diphenyl methane triazine, spiro, lactam, fluorane or isobenzofuranone. An example of a triarylmethane-based color former includes 3,3-bis (p-dimethylaminophenyl) -6-dimethylaminophthalide, 3,3-bis (p-dimethylaminophenyl) phthalide, 3- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) -3- (1,2-dimethylindol-3-yl) phthalide, 3- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) -3- (2-methylindol-3-yl) phthalide, 3,3-bis (1,2-dimethylindol-3-yl) -5-dimethylaminophthalide, 3,3-bis (1,2-dimethylindol-3-yl) -6-dimethylaminophthalide, 3,3-bis (9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl) -6-dimethylaminophthalide, 3,3-bis (2-phenylindol-3-yl) -6-dimethylaminophthalide, 3-p-dimethylaminophenyl-3- (1-methylpyrrol-3-yl) -6-

dimethylaminophthalide, etc., or triphenylmethane, for example Crystal Violet Lactone, or any combination thereof.

A typical diphenylmethane-based latent colorant includes 4,4'-bis-dimethylaminobenzhydryl benzyl ether, N-halophenyl leucoauramine, N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl leucoauramine, or any combination thereof. Exemplary thiazine includes benzoyl-leucomethylene azul, p-nitrobenzoyl-leucomethylene blue, or any combination thereof. An exemplary spiro-based color former includes 3-methyl-spiro-dynaptopyran, 3-ethyl-spiro-dynaptopyran, 3-phenyl-spirodinaftopyran, 3-benzyl-spiro-dynaptopyran, 3-methyl-naphtho- (6'-methyl). methoxybenzo) spiropyran, 3-propyl-spiro-dibenzopyran, or any combination thereof. A lactam-based color former includes rhodamine-b-anilinolactam, rhodamine- (p-nitroanilino) lactam, rhodamine- (o-chloroanilino) lactam, or any combination thereof. A fluorane-based color former includes 3,6-dimethoxyfluorane, 3,6-diethoxyfluorane, 3,6-dibutoxyfluorane, 3-dimethylamino-7-methoxyfluorane, 3-dimethylamino-6-methoxyfluorane, 3-dimethylamino-7-methoxyfluorane 1,3-diethylamino-7-chlorofluorane, 3-diethylamino-6-methyl-7-chlorofluorane, 3-diethylamino-6,7-dimethylfuorane, 3- (N-ethyl-p-toluidino) -7-methylfluorane, 3-diethylamino (N-acetyl-N-methylamino) fluorane, 3-diethylamino-7-N-methylaminofluorane, 3-diethylamino-7-dibenzylaminofluorane, 3-diethylamino

5-methyl-7-dibenzylaminofluorane, 3-diethylamino-7- (N-methyl-N-benzylamino) fluorane, 3-diethylamino-7- (N-chloroethyl-N-methylamino) fluorane, 3-diethylamino-7-diethylaminofluorane, 3- (N-ethyl-p-toluidino) -6-methyl-7-phenylaminofluorane, 3- (N-ethyl-p-toluidino) -6-methyl-7-phenylaminofluorane, 3-diethylamino-7- (2-carbomethoxy -phenylamino) fluorane, 3- (N-ethyl-N-isoamylamino) -

6-methyl-7-phenylaminofluorane, 3- (N-cyclohexyl-N-methylamino) -6-methyl-7-phenylaminofluorane, 3-pyrrolidine-6-methyl-7-phenylaminofluorane, 3-piperidine-6-methyl-7- phenylaminofluorane, 3-diethylamino-6-methyl-7-xylidinofluorane, 3-diethylamino-7- (o-chlorophenylamino) fluorane, 3-dibutylamino-7- (o-chloro-phenylamino) fluorane, 3-pyrrolidine-6-methyl- 7-p-butylphenylaminofluorane, or any combination thereof. Latent coloring components that allow the production of

A wide range of colors are described, for example, by Peter Gregory in High-Technology Applications of Organic Colourants, Plenum Press, pages 124-134.

In particular, a latent staining component includes an isobenzofuranone-based color former or a color former which is available under the trade names Copikem and Pergascript. An example of such a coloring component includes Copikem 20 (3,3-Bis (1-butyl-2-methyl-H-indol-3-yl) -1- (3H) -isobenzofuranone), Copikem 5 (2'-Di (phenylmethyl ) amino-6 '- (diethylamino) spiro (isobenzofuran-1- (3H), 9' - (9H) xanthen) -3-one), Copikem 14

(a substituted phthalide), Copikem 7 (3 - {(4-dimethylamino) phenyl} -3- (1-butyl-2-methylindol-3-yl) -6-dimethylamino) -1- (3H) -isobenzofuranone) , Copikem 37 (2- (2-octoxyphenyl) -4- (4-dimethylaminophenyl) -6- (phenyl) pyridine), Pergascript Black 1R (6 "- (dimethylamino) -3" -methyl-2 "- (phenylamino) spiro- (isobenzofuran-1- (3H), 9 "(9H) xanthen-3-one), or Pergascript Color Former (such as diaminofluorane compound, bisaryl carbazolyl compound methane, phthalide compound, bisindolyl phthalide compound, aminofluorane, or quinazoline compound), or any combination thereof Although the above examples are given for illustrative purposes, use of various other exemplary dyes may be considered based on the description in this report.

In general, the latent coloring or latent coloring component

may react with or change color in response to by-products or chemical changes associated with curing of the binder formulation. For example, the latent dye may change color in response to activation of a cationic photoinitiator. In another example, the latent dye may change color in response to a photoacid concentration. In one example, the latent dye may change color in response to changes in the concentration of monomeric constituents, solvents or by-products of monomer polymerization. In a further example, the latent dye may change color in response to cation generation or concentration of cations, in particular cations such as H + cations, which may be expressed as pH, in particular binder formulations and solvents.

In a particular embodiment, the binder formulation includes from about 0.0001 wt.% To about 2.0 wt.%, From about 0.0005 wt.% To about 1.0 wt.%. latent colorant component.

The binder formulation may also include a filler.

In one embodiment, an inorganic substance is used and provided for water resistance capabilities and mechanical properties. An example of an inorganic filler includes silica, glass powder, alumina, hydrated alumina, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium sulfate,

calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, mineral silicate, diatomaceous earth, silica sand, silica powder, titanium oxide, aluminum powder, bronze, zinc powder, copper powder, lead powder, gold dust, silver powder, fiberglass, titanium potassium acid whiskers, carbon whiskers, sapphire whiskers, post-check whiskers, carbide whiskers

of boron, silicon carbide whiskers, silicon nitride whiskers, or any combination thereof.

The condition of the particle surface of the filler used and the impurities contained in the filler from the production process may affect the cure composition of the resin composition. In such a case, the charge particles

may be washed with an appropriate primer.

The inorganic filler may also be treated on the common surface silane coupling agent. An exemplary silane coupling agent includes vinyl trichlorosilane, vinyl tris (P-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxy silane, r- (methacryloxypropyl) trimethoxy silane, p- (3,4-

epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxy silane, r-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, r-glycidoxypropylmethyl diethoxy silane, N- p- (aminoethyl) -r-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane, N- (3- (aminoethyl) gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethyltranyl, n-aminopropylmethane -phenyl-r-amino propyl trimethoxy silane, r-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane and r-chloropropyltrimethoxy silane or any combination thereof.

The above inorganic filler may be used singly or in combination of two or more. In a particular embodiment, the binder formulation includes from about 0.01% by weight to about 95% by weight of the total weight of the composition. For example, the binder may include from about 10 wt% to about 90 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 80 wt% filler.

In a particular additional embodiment, the particulate charge may be

It may be formed from inorganic particles such as, for example, metals (such as, for example, steel, Au or Ag) or a metal complex, such as, for example, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, sulfide. metal halide complex, metal carbide, metal phosphate, inorganic salt.

(such as, for example, CaCO3), ceramics, or any combination thereof. An example of a metal oxide includes ZnO, CdO, Si02, Ti-02, Zr02, Ce02, Sn02, Mo03, W203, Al203, La203, Fe203, CuO, Ta205, Sb203) Sb205, or any combination thereof. A mixed oxide containing different metals may also be present. The nanoparticle, for

For example, it may comprise a particle selected from the group consisting of ZnO, Si02, Ti02, Zr02, Sn02, Al203, co-formed alumina silica, or any combination thereof. The nanometer sized particle may also have an organic component, such as, for example, carbon black, highly crosslinked polymeric core film nanoparticle.

or an organically modified nanometer-sized particle, or any combination thereof. Such a charge is described in, for example, US 6,467,897 and WO 98/51747, hereby incorporated by reference.

Particulate fillers formed via a solution-based process such as sun-shaped ceramic or a soluble-ceramic

gel, are particularly well suited for use in the composite binder. A suitable solution is commercially available. For example, an aqueous solution colloidal silica is commercially available under such trade names as "LUDOX" (El DuPont of Nemours and Co, Inc. Wilmington, Del.), "NYACOL" (Nyacol Co., Ashland, Ma.) Or "NALCO" (Nalco Chemical Chemical Co., Oak Brook, III). Many commercially available solutions are basic and are alkali stabilized, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide. A further example of a suitable colloidal silica is described in Pat. No. 5,126,394, incorporated herein by reference. A well-suited inclusisilic particle formed in solution and sol-formed alumina. The sol may be functionalized by reacting one or more appropriate surface treatment agents with the inorganic oxide substrate particle in the sol.

In a particular embodiment, the particulate charge is of submicron size. For example, the particulate charge may be a particulate charge of nano size, such as a particulate charge having an average particle size of about 3 to 500 nm. In one exemplary embodiment, the particulate charge has an average particle size of from about 3 nm to about 200 nm, such as from about 3 nm to about 100 nm, from about 3 nm to about 100 nm. about 50 nm, from about 8 nm to about 30 nm, or from about 10 nm to about 25 nm. In a particular embodiment, the average particle size is not greater than about 500 nm, such as no greater than about 200 nm, less than about 100 nm, or no greater than about 50 nm. For particulate loading, the average particle size may be defined as the particle size that corresponds to the peak volume fraction in a small angle neutron scattering distribution curve (SANS) or the particle size that corresponds to it. at 0.5 cumulative volume fraction of the SANS distribution curve.

The particulate charge may also be characterized by a reduced distribution curve having a half width not greater than about 2.0 times the average particle size. For example, the niche width may be no greater than about 1.5 or no larger than about 1.0. The half-width of the distribution is the width of the distribution curve and its maximum height, such as half of the nopic particle fraction of the distribution curve. In a particular embodiment, the particle size distribution curve is mono-modal.

The particulate filler is generally dispersed in an external phase. Prior to curing, the particulate filler is colloidally dispersed in the binder formulation and forms a colloidal composite binder once cured. For example, the particulate material may be dispersed in such a way that Brownian motion sustains. the particulate load in the suspension. In general, the particulate charge is substantially free of particulate agglomerates. For example, the particulate charge may be substantially monodisperse such that the particulate charge is dispersed as single particles, and in particular examples have only significant particulate agglomeration. , if any.

In a particular embodiment, the particles of the particulate charge are substantially spherical. Alternatively, the particles may have a primary aspect ratio of greater than 1, such as at least about 2, at least about 3, or at least about 6, where the primary aspect ratio is the largest aspect ratio. for the smaller dimension. Particles may also be characterized by a secondary aspect ratio defined as the ratio of orthogonal dimensions in a plane generally perpendicular to the larger dimension. The particles may be needle-shaped, such as having a primary aspect ratio of at least about 2 and a secondary aspect ratio of no greater than 2, such as about 1. Alternatively, the particles may be platelet-shaped, such as having a primary aspect ratio of at least about 2 and a secondary aspect ratio of at least about 2.

In a particular embodiment, the particulate filler is prepared in an aqueous solution and mixed with the external phase of a suspension. The process for preparing such a suspension includes introducing an aqueous solution, such as an aqueous silica solution; polycondensation of the silylate, such as for a particle size of 3 nm to 50 nm; adjusting the resulting silica sol to an alkaline pH; optionally dasol concentration; mixing the sun with constituents of the fluid external phase of the suspension; and optionally removing water or other solvent constituents from the suspension. For example, an aqueous silicate solution is introduced, such as an alkali metal silicate solution (for example, sodium desilicate or potassium silicate solution) with a concentration in the range between 20% and 50% by weight. weight based on the weight of the solution. The silicate is then polycondensed to a particle size of 3 nm to 50 nm, for example by treating the acidic ionic alkaline metal silicate solution with acidic exchangers. The resulting silica sol is adjusted to an alkaline pH (e.g., pH> 8) to stabilize against polycondensation or additional aglomeration of existing particles. Optionally, the sol may be concentrated, for example, by distillation, typically the concentration of Si02 from about 30% to about 40% by weight. The sun is mixed with constituents of the fluid external phase. Accordingly, water or other solvent constituents are removed from the suspension. In a particular embodiment, the suspension is substantially without water.

The fraction of the filler constituents in the precured binder formulation, generally including the polymeric organic constituents, as a proportion of the binder formulation may be from about 20% to about 95% by weight, for example. from about 30% to about 95% by weight, and typically from about 50% to about 95% by weight, and even more typically from about 55% to about 80% by weight. The dispersed particulate charge phase fraction may be from about 5% to about 80% by weight, for example from about 5% to about 70% by weight, typically from about 5% to about 50% by weight, and more. typically from about 20% to about 45% by weight. The desubmicron colloidally dispersed particulate fillers described above are particularly useful in concentrations of at least about 5 wt%, such as at least about 10 wt%, at least about 15 wt%, at least about 20 wt%, or as bulky as 40% by weight or greater. In contrast to additional loads, solution formed nanocomposites exhibit low viscosity and improved processing characteristics at higher loads. Quantities of components are expressed as% by weight of each component relative to the total weight of the composite binder formulation unless explicitly stated otherwise.

The binder formulation including an outer phase comprising polymeric or monomeric constituents and optionally including dispersed particulate fillers may be used to form a make coat, sizecoat, flexible layer, or back coat of a coated abrasive article. In an exemplary process for forming an adhesive intermediate layer, the binder formulation is coated on a backing layer, abrasive grains are applied onto the intermediate adhesive layer, and the intermediate adhesive layer is cured. A final coat of adhesive may be applied over the middle layer of adhesive and abrasive grains. In another exemplary embodiment, the binder formulation is mixed with the abrasive grains to form abrasive slurry that is coated on a protective base layer and cured. Alternatively, the abrasive slurry is applied to a mold, such as injected into a mold and cured to form a bonded abrasive article.

Abrasive grains may be any of or a combination of abrasive grains, including silica, alumina (fused or sintered), zirconia, zirconia / alumina oxide, silicon carbide, grain, diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon nitride, ceria, titanium dioxide, titanium diboride, boron carbide, tin oxide, detungsten carbide, titanium carbide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, flint, emery, or any combination of the following: same. For example, abrasive grains may be selected from a group consisting of silica, alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, grenade, dia-mant, co-fused alumina zirconia, ceria, diboride. titanium, deboro carbide, flint, emery, alumina nitride, or a mixture thereof. Particular fashions are created by the use of dense abrasive grains comprised mainly of alpha-alumina.

The abrasive grain may also have a particular profile. Examples of such profiles include rods, triangles, pyramids, cones, solid spheres, hollow spheres, and the like. Alternatively, the abrasive grain may be randomly profiled.

Abrasive grains generally have an average grain size no larger than 2,000 microns, such as no larger than about 1,500 microns. In another example, the abrasive grain size is not greater than about 750 microns, such as no greater than about 350 microns. For example, the size of the abrasive grain may be at least 0.1 micron, such as from about 0.1 micron to about 1,500 microns, and mostly from about 0.1 micron to about 200 microns or about from 1 micron to about 100 microns. The grain size of the abrasive grains is typically specified to be the largest size of the abrasive grain. Generally, there is a grain size range distribution. In some examples the grain size distribution is strictly controlled.

In a mixed abrasive slurry including the abrasive grains and the binder formulation, the abrasive grains provide from about 10% to about 90%, such as about 30% to about 80%, by weight of the abrasive mud.

The abrasive slurry may additionally include a grinding aid to increase grinding efficiency and cutting rate. Useful grinding aids may be inorganic based salts such as halide salts, for example sodium cryolite, depotassium tetrafluorborate, etc .; or organic based waxes, such as chlorinated waxes, for example polyvinyl chloride. A particular embodiment includes potassium cryolite and potassium tetrafluorborate with particle sizes ranging from 1 micron to 80 microns, and more typically from 5 microns to 30 microns. The weight percent of grinding aid rates is generally not greater than about 50 wt%, such as from about 0 wt% to about 50 wt%, and more typically from about 10 wt% to about 30% by weight of the total sludge (including abrasive grains).

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an abrasive coated article 100 which includes abrasive grains 106 protected with a backing or support member 102. Abrasive grains 106 are generally protected with the backing ) 102 by means of an intermediate layer of adhesive 104. Intermediate layer of adhesive 104 includes a binder, which is typically formed of a cured binder formulation, including latent dye. When the binder formulation is cured, The latent dye reacts to form reaction-activated chromophores that give the binder color or changes the binder color.

The coated abrasive article 100 may additionally include a final adhesive layer 108 covering the intermediate adhesive layer 104 and the abrasive grains 106. The final adhesive layer 108 generally functions to additionally protect the abrasive grains 106 with the coating. backing 102 and may also provide grinding aids. The final adhesive layer 108 is generally formed of a cured binder formulation which may be the same as or different from the binder formulation of the intermediate adhesive layer and may include a second colorant.

The coated abrasive 100 may also optionally include a base layer 112. The base layer 112 functions as an antistatic layer, preventing abrasive grains from adhering to the rear side of the protective base layer 102 and preventing swarf from accumulating charge during sanding. . In another example, the base layer 112 may provide additional resistance to the protective base layer 102 and may act to protect the protective base layer 102 from environmental exposure. In another example, the base layer 112 may also act as a flexible layer. The flexible layer may act to attenuate tension between the intermediate adhesive layer 104 and the protective base layer 102.

The protective base layer may be flexible or rigid. The protective backing may be made of any number of various materials, including those conventionally used as protective backings in the production of coated abrasives. An exemplary protective flexible base layer includes a polymeric film (including primer film) such as polyolefin film (e.g. polypropylene including biaxially oriented polypropylene), polyester film (e.g. polyethylene terephthalate), polyamide film, cellulosic ester film, metal foil, mesh, foam (eg natural spongy material or polyurethane foam), cloth (eg cloth made from fibers or yarn comprising polyesters, nylon, silk, cotton, polyal cotton or rayon), paper, vulcanized paper, vulcanized rubber, vulcanized fiber, non-woven materials, any combination thereof, or any treated version thereof. A protective base cloth layer may be attached to fabric or stitches. In a particular example, the protective base layer is selected from a group consisting of paper, polymeric film, cloth, cotton, poly-cotton, rayon, polyester, polyester, vulcanized rubber, vulcanized fiber, metal foil, or any combination of the same. same. In another example, the protective base layer includes polypropylene film or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film.

The protective base layer may optionally have at least one saturating layer, a pre-adhesive layer or an adhesive base layer. The purpose of such layers is typically to seal the protective base layer or to protect threads or fibers in the protective base layer. If the protective base layer is a cloth material, at least one of these layers is typically used. Addition of the pre-adhesive layer or adhesive base layer may additionally result in a "smoother" surface on the front or rear side of the protective base layer. Other optional layers known in the art may also be used (e.g., bonding layer; see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,700,302 (Stoetzel et al.), The disclosure of which is incorporated by reference).

An antistatic material may be included in any of the above cloth treatment materials. The addition of an antistatic material can reduce the tendency of the coated abrasive article to accumulate static electricity when sanding wood or wood-like material. Further details regarding antistatic protective base layers and protective base layer treatment can be found in, for example, U.S. Pat. We. 5,108,463 (Buchanan et al.); 5,137,542 (Buchanan and others), 5,328,716 (Buchanan) and 5,560,753 (Buchanan and others), the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in this report.

The protective base layer may be a fiber reinforced thermoplastic as described, for example, in Pat. No. 5,417,726 (Stout et al.), Or a non-joining continuous belt as described, for example, in Pat. No. 5,573,619 (Benedict et al.), The disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in this report. Likewise, the protective base layer may be a polymeric substrate having hooking stems projecting these, such as that described, for example, in Pat. No. 5,505,747 (Chesley et al.), The disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in this report. Similarly, the protective base layer may be a knitted fabric as described for example in Pat. No. 5,565,011 (Follett et al.), The disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in this report.

In some instances, a pressure sensitive adhesive is incorporated into the backside of the coated abrasive article such that the resulting coated abrasive article can be protected by a pad. Exemplary pressure sensitive adhesives include latex crepe, acrylic resin, polymer or glass-polymer, including polyacrylate ester (e.g. poly (butyryl acrylate)), vinyl ether (e.g. poly (n-butyl vinyl ether) )), alkyd adhesive, rubber adhesives (eg natural rubber, synthetic rubber, chlorinated rubber), or any mixture thereof.

An exemplary rigid protective base layer includes a metal plate, a ceramic plate, or the like. Another example of a suitable rigid protective base layer is described, for example, in Pat. No. 5,417,726 (Stout et al.), The disclosure of which is incorporated by reference into this report.

A coated abrasive article, such as coated abrasive article 100 of Figure 1, may be formed by coating a backing layer with a binder or abrasive slurry formulation. Optionally, the protective base layer may be coated with a flexible layer or base layer prior to coating with the adhesive intermediate layer.

Typically, the binder formulation is applied to the protective base layer to form the intermediate adhesive layer. In one instance, abrasive grains are applied with the binder formulation, in which the abrasive grains are mixed with the binder formulation to form abrasive sludge prior to application with the protective base layer. Alternatively, the binder formulation is applied to the binder formulation. protective base layer to form the intermediate layer of adhesive and the abrasive grains

are applied to the intermediate layer of adhesive, such as through electrostatic and pneumatic methods. The binder formulation is curadatal as by thermal methods or exposure to actinic radiation, causing a color change in the latent colorant.

Optionally, a final layer of adhesive is applied over the

intermediate layer of adhesive and abrasive grains. The final adhesive layer may be applied prior to curing of the intermediate adhesive layer, the intermediate adhesive layer and the final adhesive layer being cured simultaneously. Alternatively, the intermediate adhesive layer is cured prior to application of the final adhesive layer and the final adhesive layer.

adhesive is cured separately. Latent dyes in the final decay layer may change color during cure.

The binder formulation that forms the adhesive intermediate layer, the final adhesive layer, the flexible layer or the base layer may include colloidal binder formulation. The formulation of agglutinating

Colloidal particulate matter may include submicron particulate charge, such as particulate particle size of nanometer size having a reduced particle size distribution. In a particular embodiment, the colloidal bonding formulation is cured to form the final adhesive layer. In another embodiment, the colloidal binder formulation is cured to

form the intermediate layer of adhesive. Alternatively, the colloidal binder formulation may be cured to form the optional flexible layer or optional base layer. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive layers and grains may be patterned to form structures. For example, the adhesive middle layer may be standardized to form surface structures that enhance abrasive article performance. Samples may be pressed or rolled into the layers using, for example, a rotogravure apparatus to form a structured or engineered abrasive article.

An exemplary embodiment of an engineered or structured abrasive is illustrated in Figure 2. The structured abrasive includes a protective base bed 202 and a layer 204, including abrasive grains. A CA-

The protective base layer 202 may be formed from the materials described above with respect to the protective base layer 102 of Figure 1. Generally, layer 204 is standardized to have surface structures 206.

Layer 204 may be formed as one or more layers. For example, layer 204 may include an intermediate layer of adhesive and optionally a final layer of adhesive. Layer 204 generally includes abrasive grains and a binder. In an exemplary embodiment, the abrasive grains are mixed with a binder formulation to form an abrasive slurry. Alternatively, abrasive grains are applied to the binder after the binder is coated on the protective base layer 202. Optionally, a functional powder may be applied on the layer 204 to prevent adherence of the layer 204 to the standardization tool. The binder of the intermediate layer of adhesive or the final layer of adhesive may include latent dye. Structured abrasive article 200 may optionally include flexible and posterior layers (not shown). These layers may have function as described above.

In a further example, a binder formulation including latent dye may be used to form lightweight abrasive articles, such as abrasive article 300 shown in Figure 3. In a particular embodiment, binder formulation and abrasive grains are combined. to form abrasive mud. The abrasive slurry is applied to a mold and the binder formulation is cured, causing a change in the color of the latent dye. The resulting abrasive article, such as article 300, includes the abrasive grains bonded by nanocomposite binder in a desired profile.

In a particular embodiment, the abrasive article is formed by combining nanocomposite precursors with other precursors and polymeric constituents. For example, an epoxy nanocomposite precursor, including nanometer sized particulate charge and epoxy precursor, is mixed with acrylic precursor to form a nanocomposite bonding formulation. The binder formulation is applied to a substrate, such as a protective base layer or a mold. Abrasive grains are also applied to the substrate and the binder formulation is cured.

When the nanocomposite binder forms an intermediate layer of adhesive for a coated abrasive article, the nanocomposite a-glue formulation may be applied to a protective base layer and abrasive grains applied to the formulation. Alternatively, the binder formulation may be applied to the abrasive grains to form a final layer of adhesive. In another example, the binder formulation and abrasive grains may be combined and applied simultaneously to form an intermediate layer of adhesive on a substrate or to fill a mold. Generally, the binder formulation may be cured using thermal energy or actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet comoradiation.

In a particular embodiment, the binder formulation includes an epoxy constituent, a cationic photoinitiator in the deepoxy constituent, and a latent dye configured to change color in response to activation of the cationic photoinitiator. The binder formulation may include from about 10 wt% to about 90 wt%, such as from about 65 wt% to about 80 wt%, of the epoxy constituent and may include about 0.1 wt%. by weight to about 20% by weight, such as about 0.1% by weight to about 4.0% by weight, of the cationic photoinitiator. The epoxy constituent may include particulate charge of nanometer size, such as having a particle size no greater than about 100 nm, such as no greater than about 50 nm.

The binder formulation may include an acrylic constituent and a photoinitiating radical. The binder formulation may include from about 0.1 wt% to about 60 wt%, such as about 5 wt% to about 15 wt%, of the acrylic constituent and may include from about 0 0.1 wt.% To about 20 wt.%, Such as about 0.1 wt.% To about 4 wt.%, Photoinitiator generating radical. The acrylic constituent may include particulate charge of nanometric size, such as charge having particle size no larger than about 100 nm, such as no greater than about 50 nm. The α-glutinant formulation may also include a polyol constituent in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 60 wt%, such as from about 10 wt% to about 17 wt%. Weight.

The latent colorant may display a specific color based on

in curing the epoxy constituent. In one example, the latent dye reacts with cationic photoinitiator by-products to change color. The bonding formulation may include one or more colorants. For example, the binder formulation may additionally include a second latent colorant.

The second latent colorant may change a second color based on nacura. In another example, the second dye changes color in response to a different reaction, such as activation of a photoinitiating radical.

In one exemplary embodiment, the latent colorant and the second latent colorant may together change to appear as a desirable color. For example, a first reaction-activated chromophore associated with the first latent dye may have a first electromagnetic energy absorption profile and a second reaction-activated chromophore associated with the second latent dye may have a second energy absorption profile. electromagnetic. In one example, the first electromagnetic energy absorption profile is different from the second electromagnetic energy absorption profile. In a further example, the first electromagnetic energy absorption profile and the second electromagnetic energy absorption profile appear as a desired color.

In an alternative embodiment, a latent dye may be selected for addition to a binder formulation to provide color coding of binder formulations. For example, a first binder formulation may include a first latent dye and a second binder formulation may include a second latent dye. In such an embodiment, the color of a cured abrasive product may assist in identifying the binder formulation used to form the cured abrasive product. In a further example, each layer, such as an intermediate adhesive layer or a final adhesive layer, may be formed from a different binder formulation and each of the different binder formulations may include a different latent colorant.

The binder formulation may be cured to form an abrasive product such as a layer of a coated abrasive product. Latent dyes become chromophores through reactions associated with the cure of polymeric components. Generally, latent dyes and chromophores are organic, not confused with inorganic pigments. Typically, the binder formulation and resulting abrasive product will be free of particulate pigment. In some instances, particulate pigment may interfere with curing by actinic radiation, causing defects in the resulting abrasive products.

In another embodiment, the description refers to a method of producing an abrasive article. The method includes starting a curing process on a workpiece, determining a target color displayed by the workpiece, and terminating the curing process based on the target color. The target color may represent partial healing or total healing. The curing process may include photocure or thermal curing. In one example, an intermediate layer of adhesive is applied to the abrasive article workpiece prior to cleaning. In another example, a final layer of uncured adhesive is applied to the workpiece before curing. In a further example, a mold is filled to form the workpiece. A second healing process can be started after the healing process is completed, a second target color can be determined and the second healing process based on the second target color.

In an additional exemplary embodiment, the description relates to a quality control method of the abrasive product. The method includes forming an abrasive product having a polymeric matrix and a reaction activated chromophore, inspecting the abrasive product for color characteristics, and categorizing the abrasive product based on color characteristics. The color characteristic may, for example, be a target color or color uniformity. Categorization of the abrasive product may include rejecting the abrasive product, accepting the abrasive product or grading the abrasive product. Degrees may be associated with conditions of use of the abrasive product. The product may be further cured after categorization.

Color measurements can be performed with a colorimeter. When the resin composition is opaque, for example due to the presence of a load, the color of the resin and article is measured with a colorimeter in the article or resin. In one example, a colorimeter provides three values on the color scale L * a * b * (CIELAB). The CIELAB color scale is an approximate uniform decor scale. On a uniform color scale, the differences between plotted points in the color space correspond to visual differences between plotted colors. The CIELAB color space is organized into a cubic shape. The L * axis rotates from top to bottom. The maximum L * is 100, which represents a reflection diffuser. The minimum L * is zero, which represents in black. Axis a * and b * have no specific numeric limit. A * positive is typically red and a * negative is typically green. B * positive is usually yellow and b * negative is usually blue. For example, when a * is -60, it represents green and when a * is + 60, it represents red. The b * represents blue when it is -60 and yellow when it is +60. Articles with a * and b * value between -20 and 20 typically have a gray appearance. Articles having a * and b * values between -20 and -60 or between 20 and 60 are generally more colored. Typically, conventional resin compositions with and without fillers but no latent dye exhibit large L * values of between 90 and 100. In contrast, article embodiments, for example, formed by UV curing of a resin, including latent dye, exhibit a difference in color than uncured resin. Such a color may be expressed as a change in L * value, a * value, or b * value relative to the resin. In one example, the value L * may change at least about 10 units, such as at least about 20 units. Typically, the a * or b * values of an article change by at least about 10 units after curing of the resin. For example, the value a * or b * may change by at least about 20 units. In an exemplary embodiment, the L * value may not change substantially, but the color may change, for example, from red to blue. In such an embodiment, the value a * or b * may change at least about 20 units, such as at least about 30 units. In another embodiment, the article's L * value changes relative to the resin such that cured articles have L * values of between 0 and 85, such as between 20 and 75. In one example, the a * or b * value of treated articles may remain the same as the resin values when the L * value changes. In a particular embodiment, the L * value of a formulation of

binder or an abrasive article workpiece may change by at least about 10%, such as at least about 20%, or at least about 30%. In another example, the value a * or the value b * may change by at least about 10%, such as at least about 20%, or at least about 30%. When determining a target color, the method may include determining a target value L * or a new value change L *. Alternatively, the method may include determining a target value a * or a target value b *, or changes in the value a * or value b *. Example 1

<table> table see original document page 37 </column> </row> <table>

Totals: 100.00

Example 2

Sample binder formulations are prepared and cured.

The colors of the cured samples are tested using a reflectance test colorimeter with a D65 illuminator and at an angle of 10 °. The color of the samples is represented on the CIELAB color scale. A protective base layer white half is used during measurement.

The effect of dye concentration on the color of

binder by testing binder formulations on a standard abrasive article configuration (10 cm (4 inch) in length and 25 cm (10 inch) wide). Binder formulations in different dye concentrations are used as a final layer of adhesive on

abrasive grains and an intermediate layer of adhesive. Film samples that have adhesive coatings of different decorating concentration are UV cured under 300 W D / 600 W H lamp at a line speed of 15 m (50 ft) / min. The abrasive grains are 80 micron heat treated semi-friable aluminum oxide.

Treibacher gravel (BFRPL) P180 crons and the adhesive intermediate layer is formed of UV curable epoxy / acrylate resins. The abrasive grains and intermediate layer of adhesive covered a protective polyester base layer. The effect of dye concentration on the value L *, a * and b * is determined. Final layers of adhesive on sample abrasive articles are formed of binder formulations including Nanopox XPA610 available from Hanse Chemie, an epoxy resin including 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl carboxylate and 40% by weight. particulate load weight of colloidal silica. Binder formulations also include UVR 6105, which includes 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate and no particulate filler. Binder formulations additionally include a polyol (4,8-bis (hydroxymethyl) tricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane),

a cationic photoinitiator (Chivacure 1176), a photoinitiator radical (Irgacu-re 2022, available from Ciba®), acrylate precursor (SR 399, a pentacrylododipentaerythritol available from Atofina-Sartomer, Exton, PA), and dye (speci-alty blue 1 , available from Noveon Hilton Davis, Inc., 2235 Langdon Farms Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45237-4790).

Table 1 illustrates the concentration of components in the formulations

binder concentrations and the resulting value of L *, a * and b *. Increasing the Specialty Blue 1 dye concentration generally causes a reduction in L * for the cured binder formulation. In addition, b * changes in a negative direction with increased Specialty Blue 1 dye in the formulation of

<table> table see original document page 38 </column> </row> <table> Exemplary embodiments of binder formulations and abrasive articles formed from the binder formulation described above may advantageously be useful in quality control, staining end of product, product characterization and process control. Absence of particulate pigments advantageously leads to improved cure of actinic radiation curable binder formulations.

The subject matter described above should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements and other embodiments, which are within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the broader permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and should not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.

Claims (94)

An abrasive article having a layer comprising: an epoxy constituent, a cationic photoinitiator in the epoxy constituent; and a latent colorant configured to change color in response to activation of the cationic photoinitiator. Abrasive article according to claim 1 which further comprises an acrylic constituent and a photoinitiator which will generate additionals. The abrasive article of claim 2, wherein the bedding comprises about 0.1 wt.% To about 60 wt.% Of the acrylic constituent. The abrasive article of claim 2, wherein the bedding comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 20 wt% of a radical generating photoinitiator. Abrasive article according to claim 2, wherein the acrylic constituent comprises nanoscale particulate filler. Abrasive article according to claim 5, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate filler is no larger than about 100 nm. Abrasive article according to claim 6, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate filler is not greater than about 50 nm. The abrasive article of claim 2 further comprising a second latent dye configured to change color in response to activation of the cationic photoinitiator. Abrasive article according to claim 1, which further comprises a polyol constituent. Abrasive article according to claim 9, wherein the layer comprises about 0.1 wt% to about 60 wt% dopoliol. Abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the bedding comprises about 10 wt% to about 90 wt% epoxy constituent. Abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the bedding comprises about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the cationic photoinitiator. Abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy constituent comprises nanoscale particulate filler. Abrasive article according to claim 13, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate filler is no larger than about 100 nm. Abrasive article according to claim 14, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate filler is no larger than about 50 nm. Abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the latent colorant exhibits a specific color based on the cure of the epoxy constituent. Abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein the latent colorant is configured to react with color changing photoinitiatorcathonic by-products. An abrasive article comprising: a polymeric matrix: a chromophore activated by reaction in the polymeric matrix; particulate abrasive grains. Abrasive article according to claim 18, wherein the reaction activated chromophore is formed from a colorant and a curing by-product. Abrasive article according to claim 19, wherein the latent colorant is selected from the group consisting of a triaryl methane-based decor former, a diphenyl methane-based color former, a triazine-based color former, a spiro-based color former, a lactam-based color former, a fluoran-based color former, an isobenzofuranone-based color former and any combination thereof. Abrasive article according to claim 18, wherein the polymeric matrix is free of particulate pigment. The abrasive article of claim 18, wherein the reaction activated chromophore comprises an organic chromophore. Abrasive article according to claim 18, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a cationically polymerizable polymerized constituent. Abrasive article according to claim 23, wherein the cationically polymerizable constituent has an epoxy functional group. Abrasive article according to claim 23, wherein the cationically polymerizable constituent has an oxetane functional group. An abrasive article according to claim 23, wherein the cationically polymerizable constituent comprises non-dimensioned particulate filler. Abrasive article according to claim 26, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate filler is no larger than about 100 nm. Abrasive article according to claim 27, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate filler is not greater than about 50 nm. Abrasive article according to claim 23, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a cationic photoinitiator. Abrasive article according to claim 29, wherein the reaction-activated chromophore is formed from a latent dye and a by-product of the cationic photoinitiator. Abrasive article according to claim 18, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a polymerizable viable radical constituent. An abrasive article according to claim 31, wherein the radical polymerizable constituent comprises an ethylenically unsaturated constituent. The abrasive article of claim 31, wherein the radical polymerizable constituent has an acrylate functional group. Abrasive article according to claim 31, wherein the radical polymerizable constituent comprises nanoscale particulate filler. Abrasive article according to claim 34, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate filler is not greater than about 100 nm. Abrasive article according to claim 35, wherein the average particle size of the nanoscale particulate charge is not greater than about 50 nm. The abrasive article of claim 31, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a photoinitiator via free radicals. Abrasive article according to claim 18, wherein the particulate abrasive grains are selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, grain, diamond , mixed alumina-zirconia, ceria, titanium diboride, boron carbide, flint, emery, alumina nitride and any combination thereof. Abrasive article according to claim 38, wherein the particulate abrasive grains have an average grain size between 0.1 microns and 1,500 microns. Abrasive article according to claim 39, wherein the average size is 0.5 microns to 750 microns. Abrasive article according to claim 40, wherein the average size is 5 microns to 100 microns. Abrasive article according to claim 18 which is a coated abrasive article. Abrasive article according to claim 42, wherein the polymeric matrix forms an intermediate layer of adhesive of the abrasive article. Abrasive article according to claim 42, wherein the polymeric matrix forms an adhesive layer of the abrasive article. Abrasive article according to claim 42, wherein the coated abrasive article is an engineered abrasive article. Abrasive article according to claim 18 which is a bonded abrasive article. Abrasive article according to claim 18, which further comprises a second reacted activated chromophor. Abrasive article according to claim 47, wherein the reaction-activated chromophor has a first electromagnetic energy absorption profile and the second reaction-activated chromophor has a second electromagnetic energy absorption profile. . Abrasive article according to claim 48, wherein the first electromagnetic energy absorption profile is different from the second electromagnetic energy absorption profile. Abrasive article according to claim 49, wherein the first electromagnetic energy absorption profile and the second electromagnetic energy absorption profile appear in a desired color. Abrasive article according to claim 47, wherein the reaction-activated chromophor is activated based on a different reaction condition than the second reaction-activated chromophor. 52. Abrasive article comprising a reaction activated chromophor. Abrasive article according to claim 52, wherein the reaction activated chromophor is formed of a latent colorant and a curing by-product. An abrasive article according to claim 52, wherein the reaction activated chromophor comprises an organic chromophor. An abrasive article according to claim 52 which further comprises a polymeric matrix comprising a cationically polymerizable polymerized constituent. Abrasive article according to claim 55, wherein the cationically polymerizable constituent has a functional epoxy group. An abrasive article according to claim 52 which further comprises a polymeric matrix comprising a radically polymerizable polymerized constituent. The abrasive article of claim 57, wherein the radically polymerizable constituent comprises an ethylenically unsaturated constituent. Abrasive article according to claim 57, wherein the radically polymerizable constituent has an acrylate functional group. Abrasive article according to claim 52 which comprises particulate abrasive grains. 61. The method of producing an abrasive article which comprises: initiating a curing process on an abrasive article workpiece, the abrasive article workpiece comprising a polymeric precursor and a colorant, the configured latent colorant To change color in response to cure: Determine a target color of the abrasive article workpiece Finish the curing process when the abrasive article workpiece displays the target color. A method according to claim 61, wherein the target color represents partial cure. 63. The method of claim 61, wherein the target color represents total cure. A method according to claim 61, wherein the target color has at least one L * value other than 10 units of an abrasive article workpiece core. A method according to claim 64, wherein the value L * is at least 20 different units. 66. The method of claim 61, wherein the target color has at least a value other than 10 units of an abrasive article workpiece core. A method according to claim 64, wherein the value a * is at least 20 units different. A method according to claim 61, wherein the target color has at least one b * value other than 10 units of an abrasive article workpiece core. The method of claim 64, wherein the value b * is at least 20 units. 70. The method of claim 61, wherein the curing process comprises exposing the abrasive article workpiece to actinic radiation. 71. The method of claim 61, wherein the curing process comprises exposing the abrasive article workpiece to thermal energy. A method according to claim 61, which further comprises applying an intermediate layer of uncured adhesive to an abrasive article workpiece prior to initiating the curing process. 73. The method of claim 61 further comprising applying a final layer of uncured adhesive to the abrasive article work prior to commencing the curing process. A method according to claim 61 which further comprises filling a mold with an uncured binder formulation to form the abrasive article workpiece prior to the initiation of the curing process. 75. The method of claim 61, which further comprises initiating a second curing process after the curing process has ended, the abrasive article workpiece comprising a second latent colorant configured to change color in response to the curing process. second healing process. A method according to claim 75 which further comprises: determining a second target color of the abrasive article workpiece; Finish the second curing process when the abrasive article workpiece displays the second target color. 77. Abrasive product quality control method which comprises: forming an abrasive product comprising a polymeric matrix and a reaction activated chromophore, the reaction activated chromophore configured to exhibit a color characteristic based on a cure state; Inspect the abrasive product based on the decor feature; and categorize the abrasive product based on the decor feature. A method according to claim 77, wherein the color characteristic is color uniformity. 79. The method of claim 77, wherein the color feature is a target color. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the target color has a target value L *. 81. The method of claim 79, wherein the target color has a target value a *. A method according to claim 79, wherein the target color has a target value b *. 83. The method of claim 77, wherein categorizing the abrasive product includes rejecting the abrasive product. 84. The method of claim 77, wherein categorizing the abrasive product includes accepting the abrasive product. The method of claim 77, wherein categorizing the abrasive product includes determining a grade of the abrasive product. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the degree is associated with conditions of abrasive product use. The method of claim 77 which further comprises further curing the abrasive product after categorizing the abrasive product. 88. An abrasive article comprising: a layer patterned to form a surface structure, the layer comprising a material including a polymeric matrix and a reaction activated chromophor; abrasive grains attached to the layer. Abrasive article according to claim 88, wherein the reaction-activated chromophor comprises a latent colorant and a curing by-product. Abrasive article according to claim 88, wherein the material is free of particulate pigment. The abrasive article of claim 88, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a cationically polymerizable polymerized constituent. Abrasive article according to claim 88, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a radically polymerizable polymerized constituent. The abrasive article of claim 88, wherein the material additionally comprises a second reaction activated chromophor. Abrasive article according to claim 88 which further comprises a protective base layer located adjacent the patterned layer to form a surface structure.