BG4833U1 - MORTAR FRAGMENT SHOT WITH PLASTIC WARPART - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model refers to a mortar fragmentation shot with a plastic warpart designed to engage by fragmentation and high-explosive action the enemy's manpower and firepower by means of a radially propagating stream of ready-made kinetic impactors. The mortar fragmentation shot consists of a plastic casing (2), inside which a high-energy high-explosive substance (6) is placed, with a front detonating device (3) mounted in the front part, in which along the entire length of the casing (2), ready-made kinetic striking elements (9, 10 and 11) are located technologically in one unit, and an aluminum stabilizer (12) is immovably mounted in the rear part.

Description

Field of technique

The utility model refers to a mortar fragmentation shot with a plastic warhead, designed to hit by fragmentation and high-explosive action the enemy's manpower and firepower located in open places and trenches, unarmored and lightly armored enemy equipment located on reverse slopes, in embankments and light shelters of the field type, and also for the destruction of observation posts and light defensive installations by means of a radially propagating stream of ready striking kinetic elements.

Prior art

A grenade design (PG-18) is known and used in practice, for hitting different types of targets, which consists of a warhead, consisting of a body, with a cumulative warhead with an explosive substance, an explosive device located in its front part and striking elements, where a jet engine is connected to the warhead. Radially oriented inclined openings are provided in the housing, intended for the release of the powder gases released during the operation of the jet engine, which give a rotary motion to the warhead. The rotation of the warhead around the axis improves the accuracy of shooting, which has an effective effect at a distance of about 200 m, and the cumulative charge provides the ability to hit targets with an armor thickness of up to 300 mm.

A disadvantage of the described design is the limited range of the combat unit and armor penetration, as well as the inability to affect targets located in trenches.

Patent publication US 2021/0041215 A1 discloses a mortar shell comprising: a polymeric outer layer, the polymeric outer layer having reinforcing fibers dispersed therein and a metallic inner layer defining the interior of the casing, the metallic inner layer having a plurality of metal fragments and each of the plurality of metal fragments is form-bonded to each other, the plurality of metal fragments being assembled together in the metal inner layer; wherein a first metal fragment of the plurality of metal fragments has characteristics different from second, other metal fragments surrounding and contacting the first metal fragment.

A disadvantage of the described technical solution is the too complex design of the warhead, requiring significant technological time for production, as well as complex tooling, which in turn reduces productivity and increases energy costs, respectively the cost per unit of production.

Patent publication RU 2118788 C1 is known, which describes a fragmentation grenade consisting of a front overcaliber part containing an explosive and a detonating device and a metal explosive block filled with ready striking elements.

A disadvantage of the described front-mounted overcaliber cumulative-fragmentation warhead is the insufficient efficiency of hitting targets, due to the impossibility of using a large part of the metal mass as part of the striking elements. Additionally - when detonating the 2 warhead before the target of striking, the striking elements are scattered in a limited circular field, practically not spreading in an axial direction.

Patent publication RU 2362962 is known, which describes a fragmentation overcaliber grenade, consisting of a front overcaliber, cumulative-fragmentation warhead and a caliber part connected to it, consisting of a jet engine and a stabilizer. The overcaliber cluster-fragmentary warhead consists of an interconnected front and rear section, the front section comprising a striking unit consisting of a case filled with an explosive substance, in which a detonator equipped with an inertial sensor is placed in the rear of the case and a latecomer. The rear section of the warhead consists of a steel housing in which an explosive device and a pyrotechnic charge connected by a channel to the detonator are located. The described design of the warhead allows for alternative designs where the detonating device is a contact or remote type.

A disadvantage of the described grenade is the limited striking ability of the shot, as long as the entire mass of the cumulative-fragmentary warhead is not used, as well as the limited dimensions of the struck field.

Technical nature of the utility model

In view of the exposed known state of the art in the field under consideration, the task of the useful model is to propose an advanced mortar fragmentation shot, which is distinguished by a simplified and manufacturing technological construction, which provides effective action in combating the manpower and firepower of the enemy , located in open positions in trenches and shelters of the field type, lightly armored equipment, located on reverse slopes, in ravines, by means of a radially spreading stream of ready striking kinetic elements.

The task is solved with a plastic fragmentation warhead with built-in ready striking kinetic elements of different mass and configuration, using their kinetic energy to strike, by means of the spreading front of a fragment field in a radial direction, receiving its parameters from the impact of the detonation products of the bursting charge with high-energy high-explosive substance, on the plastic shrapnel warhead with built-in ready-made kinetic striking elements.

A mortar fragmentation shot consists of a frontal explosive device, connected through a transition sleeve, mounted to a warhead with ready-made striking elements placed in it, in the rear part of which a stabilizer is fixed.

According to the utility model, the fragmentation warhead is made of plastic and covered by an outer polymer shell, wherein the plastic fragmentation warhead consists of a bearing sleeve, in the inner space of which is located an explosive charge, fixed and immovably secured by a compression nut, at the rear end a stabilizer is fixedly connected to the carrier sleeve, and in the space between the outer surface of the carrier sleeve and the inner surface of the fragmentation warhead, ready-made striking kinetic elements are installed, arranged in rows, one above the other, the first row of ready-made striking kinetic elements differs in shape , mass and dimensions of the 3 ready striking kinetic elements located on the second row, where in the area of the bottom formed in the rear part of the warhead is located a second additional row of ready striking kinetic elements, with a profile and size different from the ready striking kinetic elements elements of the second row.

The outer polymer shell of the plastic warhead is made of 30-50% glass-filled polyamide, with mechanical characteristics with indicators not lower than the following mechanical parameters: density 1.29 g/sm ³ , impact strength 50 kJ/m ² , elongation at tear - 5%, modulus of elasticity as a result of tension 11000 MPa.

Ready-made kinetic striking elements are embedded inside the fragmentation warhead, being of different configuration and mass, made of structural steel and located radially and evenly along the entire length of the carrier sleeve.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the utility model, the finished kinetic striking elements are implemented in a spherical, rectangular, square or cylindrical shape, in the form of springs or in the form of metal rods with pre-applied stress concentrators in the radial direction, or a combination of the mentioned forms.

Ready-made kinetic impactors range in size from 6 mm to 12 mm and mass from 0.001 kg to 0.040 kg.

The bottom is shaped like a cylindrical conical body, and at its front end it is immovably fixed to the bearing sleeve, and its rear part is immovably connected by a threaded connection to the stabilizer.

The bursting charge located inside the carrier sleeve is a high-energy high explosive.

The stabilizer is a full-body aluminum stabilizer, with a main and additional charge, which is implemented as rings.

The detonating device is designed as a fuse-type warhead, with an inertial and instantaneous action and a mechanism for initiating when meeting the target at small angles and on ricochet.

The plastic shrapnel warhead, the object of the utility model, is characterized by increased striking capability, providing a sizeable striking shrapnel field. The plastic shrapnel warhead with ready-made striking kinetic elements is structurally designed so that when the high-energy high-explosive is detonated, the detonation products formed impact the central bearing cylindrical sleeve, which expands and impacts the ready-made kinetic striking elements, which disperse and spread evenly in a radial direction along the entire perimeter, thereby further increasing the effectiveness and probability of hitting all targets located in the area of action.

The plastic shrapnel warhead, the object of the useful model, is distinguished by a significantly simplified and at the same time technological construction. When the warranty period of the plastic shrapnel warhead expires, its disposal is designed to be easy and harmless to its constituent elements, without requiring special conditions and extraordinary precautions. The detonation and removal of the explosive charge from the high-energy explosive substance is accomplished 4 by unscrewing the compression nut, after which the pressings are easily and safely removed from the explosive substance.

Explanation of the attached figures

The utility model is explained with the attached figures, of which:

Figure 1 is a general view of a mortar round with a plastic fragmentation warhead and an associated stabilizer, the subject of the utility model;

figure 2 - cross-section of a mortar round with a plastic fragmentation warhead with ready-made kinetic striking elements and a stabilizer;

Figure 3 is a cross-section of a plastic warhead with ready-made kinetic striking elements, the object of the utility model.

An example implementation of the utility model

The fragmentation mortar shot 1 with a plastic warhead 2, according to the utility model, has a drop-shaped shape and consists of a front detonating device 3, fixedly connected to a transition sleeve 4, mounted by means of a rigid connection to a bearing sleeve 5, located along the axis of a plastic warhead 2. In the inner space of the carrier sleeve 5 is located a bursting charge 6, preferably of a high-energy high-explosive substance, which is fixed in the front part of the carrier sleeve 5 by means of a compression nut 7. The rear end of the carrier sleeve 5 is filled with a thread, by means of which it is connected to a bottom 8. The bottom of the plastic shrapnel warhead is integral and is preferably made of a composite shape of a cylinder and a truncated cone, the cylindrical part having a diameter equal to the bearing sleeve, which are connected to each other by means of a threaded connection, screwed to stop, and in its rear part, the bottom has a thread (internal or external) to which is fixedly connected a full-body aluminum stabilizer 12. According to a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the plastic combat part 2 and the aluminum stabilizer 12 are connected by a threaded connection.

Longitudinally in the housing are ready-made kinetic striking elements made of metal, with a spherical, cylindrical shape, in the form of metal rods or a spring with pre-applied stress concentrators in the radial direction, contributing to the formation of kinetic elements. In the space formed between the outer surface of the bearing sleeve 5 and the inner wall of the plastic warhead 2, a first row of ready striking kinetic elements 9, shaped like a cut spring, is mounted, whereby a second row is mounted above the outer profile of the striking ready elements 9 a row of ready-made kinetic striking elements 10 executed with the same profile and dimensions.

At the rear end of the bearing sleeve 5, near the bottom 8, a sector is made, in which a second, additional row of ready-made kinetic elements 11, made of a different size compared to the finished striking elements 10 of the second, is located on the first row of ready-made striking elements 9 row, as well as a different profile, for example, cylindrical ready-made striking elements.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the utility model, the technologically ready kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11 are integrated in one unit with the bearing sleeve 5, for example by injection molding.

In the rear part of the bottom 8, a threaded sector is formed, by means of which a stabilizer 12, made as a whole-body element, made of aluminum, is fixedly connected to the stop with a rigid connection. In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer 12 is filled with a main charge, not shown in the figures, and additional charges, made as rings, not shown in the figures.

According to a preferred embodiment, the finished striking kinetic elements 9, 10 and 11 are suitably 6 mm to 12 mm in size and approximately 0.001 kg to 0.040 kg in mass. The finished kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11 are located radially, symmetrically along the entire length of the plastic housing 2.

Depending on the design, the finished kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11 can be made spherical, cylindrical or in the form of metal rods, 8 mm long, with pre-applied stress concentrators in the radial direction.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ready-made kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11 can be made in the form of springs of different profiles (square, rectangle, cylinder, etc.), with a size of 10 mm, with pre-applied stress concentrators in the radial direction .

According to a preferred embodiment of the fragmentation warhead 1, the ready striking kinetic elements 9, 10 and 11 can be implemented in a spherical, rectangular, square or cylindrical shape, with a size of 6 mm or in the form of metal rods with pre-applied stress concentrators in radial direction or a combination of the mentioned shapes.

According to another, variant embodiment to increase the number of fragments and the effectiveness of the plastic warhead 2 with the finished striking kinetic elements 9, 10 and 11, the latter are made in the form of a notched spring with pre-applied stress concentrators in the radial direction, the springs can to be several with different diameters and profiles and are placed by superimposing one on the other in a structurally defined section of the housing of the plastic warhead. The described placement of the finished striking elements is preferred in order to improve the effectiveness of striking the targets due to the correct distribution of the mass to ensure stable parameters and aerodynamic characteristics both during the shot and along the trajectory of the shot.

According to a preferred embodiment of the mortar round object of the utility model, the plastic body of the warhead 2 is covered by an outer polymer shell 13 defining the profile and configuration of the warhead 2, which is preferably made of 40% glass-filled polyamide having mechanical characteristics, with indicators not lower than the following parameters: density 1.29 g/sm ³ , impact strength - 50 kJ/m ² , elongation at break - 5%, modulus of elasticity as a result of tension 11000 MPa.

The explosive charge 6 is filled with a high-energy high explosive, preferably a mass of 0.800 to 0.880 kg, in particular 0.85 kg, with a density of 1.74 to 1.8 g.sm ³ , for example 1.82, with detonation velocity greater than 8000 m/s, for example 8200 m/s. After the initiation of the high-energy 6 high-explosive substance 6 from the front detonating device 3, the energy generated by the detonation products destroys the casing of the plastic warhead 2, which is transformed into kinetic energy transmitted to the ready-made kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11, spreading are in a radial direction, providing effective striking in the zone of action of the fragmentation field.

Action of the utility model

The use of the so far described mortar fragmentation shot 1 with a plastic warhead 2 with ready-made kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11 can be represented as follows.

The mortar fragmentation shot 1 with a plastic warhead 2 is assembled in the described manner of arrangement of its constituent elements, being loaded with ready-made kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11, in a suitable combination of shape and size, respectively located: the first row of ready-made striking kinetic elements 9, in the form of a cut spring, with a second row of ready-made kinetic striking elements 10 of the same profile and dimensions mounted on its outer profile, and at the rear end, to the bottom 8, on the first row of ready-made kinematic striking elements 9 a second row of ready-made kinetic elements 11, of different size and profile, is additionally installed. Before firing the mortar fragmentation shot 1, the main charge is placed in the hole of the all-body aluminum stabilizer 12, and rings of additional charge are installed around the sleeve of the stabilizer, thus the fragmentation shot is ready to be fired. The mine thus prepared is lowered through the front of the mortar barrel and a shot is fired.

After a shot is fired, the igniter capsule of the main charge is initiated by the sting of the impact mechanism, the fire impulse is transmitted to the nitroglycerin gunpowder, and the formed gases and fire impulse, through the holes of the all-body aluminum stabilizer 12, ignite the rings of the additional charge. The gases formed from the combustion of the charges create high pressure inside the barrel of the mortar, as a result of which the shot is propelled forward, as a result of which the linear-inertial forces act, which actuate the inertial mechanisms of the front detonating device 3.

The construction of the explosive device 3 and the plastic warhead 2 with the ready-made kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11 allow them to work in two modes, contact instantaneous and inertial action.

In contact and inertial action, i.e. upon encountering the partition of the front detonating device 3, the inertial impingement mechanism is set in motion, which in turn initiates the firing chain, and ultimately a detonation pulse of the bursting charge 6 of high-energy high explosive substance is delivered from the detonator. Thanks to the construction of the plastic warhead 2, a spherical front of the detonation wave is formed, and the detonation products formed, transfer their energy to the ready kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11, dispersing them in a radial direction and accelerating them to the speed of the products of detonation, which have an effective zone of action with a radius of not less than 30 m.

After the initiation of the high-energy high-explosive substance 6 from the front detonating device 3, the energy generated by the detonation products destroys the casing of the plastic warhead 2, which is transformed into kinetic energy transmitted to the ready kinetic striking elements 9, 10 and 11, spreading in a radial direction, providing effective striking in the zone of action of the fragmentation field. After the expiration of a predetermined period of time from the flight path, the inertial mechanisms stop working, during which the explosive device 3 is activated, goes into a combat position, i.e. the shot is ready to meet the target.

Fragments are also formed from the remaining elements of the structure of the fragmentation warhead 2, namely from the housing of the front explosive device 3, the transition sleeve 4, the bearing sleeve 5, the outer polymer shell 13 of the fragmentation warhead 2 and the stabilizer 12.

As a result of the impact of the detonation products, more than 1,500 ready-made kinetic striking elements are formed, previously embedded in the structure of the warhead, and to them are also added the fragments formed by the destruction of the bearing sleeve 5, the transition sleeve 4, the explosive device 3, the bottom 8, the whole-body aluminum stabilizer 12, the outer polymer shell 13, spreading uniformly in a radial direction with an effective radius of action not less than 30 m.

1. Mortar fragmentation shot with plastic warhead with ready striking kinetic elements

2. Plastic shrapnel warhead with ready striking elements

3. Head-on explosive device

4. Transition sleeve

5. Bearing sleeve, coaxial with the plastic shrapnel warhead

6. Bursting charge of high-energy high explosive

7. Clamping nut

8. Bottom

9. First row ready kinetic striking elements

10. Second row of finished kinetic striking elements, with identical dimensions and profile of the kinetic elements

11. Second additional row of finished kinetic striking elements, located on top of the first row, with different sizes and profile of kinetic elements

12. Stabilizer

13. Sheath of polymer outer layer.

Claims (9)

1. Mortar fragmentation shot, consisting of a front detonating device, connected through a transition sleeve, mounted to a warhead with ready-made striking elements placed in it, in the rear part of which a fixed stabilizer is fixed, characterized by the fact that the fragmentation warhead (2 ) is made of plastic and covered by an outer polymer shell (13), whereby the plastic fragmentation warhead (2) consists of a bearing sleeve (5), in the inner space of which is located an explosive charge (6), fixed and fixed from a compression nut (7), at the rear end of the bearing sleeve (5) the stabilizer (12) is fixedly connected, and in the space between the outer surface of the bearing sleeve (6) and the inner surface of the fragmentation warhead (2) ready-made impactors are installed kinetic elements (9, 10, 11) arranged in rows, one above the other, with the first row of ready striking kinetic elements (9) differing in shape, mass and dimensions from the finished striking kinetic elements (10) arranged in the second row, wherein a second additional row of ready striking kinetic elements (11) with a profile and size different from the finished striking kinetic elements (10) is located in the area of a bottom (8) formed in the rear part of the warhead (2). 2. A mortar fragmentation shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer polymer shell of the plastic warhead (2) is made of 30-50% glass-filled polyamide, with mechanical characteristics with indicators not lower than the following mechanical parameters: density 1.29 g/sm ³ , impact strength 50 kJ/m ² , elongation at break - 5%, modulus of elasticity as a result of tension 11000 MPa. 3. Mortar fragmentation projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished kinetic striking elements (9, 10 and 11) are embedded inside the fragmentation warhead (2) and are of different configuration and mass, made of structural steel and located radially and evenly along the entire length of the bearing sleeve (5). 4. Mortar fragmentation projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the ready-made kinetic striking elements (9, 10 and 11) are implemented in a spherical, rectangular, square or cylindrical shape, in the form of springs or in the form of metal rods with a pre- applied stress concentrators in a radial direction or a combination of the mentioned forms. 5. A mortar fragmentation projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished kinetic striking elements (9, 10 and 11) have a size of 6 mm to 12 mm and a mass of 0.001 kg to 0.040 kg. 6. Mortar fragmentation shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom (8) is shaped as a cylindrical conical body, and at its front end it is immovably fixed to the supporting sleeve (5), and its rear part is immovably connected by a threaded joint with the stabilizer (12). 7. A mortar fragmentation shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the bursting charge (5) located inside the bearing sleeve (5) is a high-energy high-explosive substance. 8. A mortar fragmentation shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizer (12) is a full body aluminum stabilizer, with a main and an additional charge, which is implemented as rings. 9. Mortar fragmentation shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the detonating device (3) is designed as a fuse-type warhead, with an inertial and instantaneous action and an initiation mechanism upon meeting the target at small angles.