BE905985A - Flat, thin electric heating element - has thin metallic sheet with insulated covering of layered, mica-impregnated paper - Google Patents
Flat, thin electric heating element - has thin metallic sheet with insulated covering of layered, mica-impregnated paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- BE905985A BE905985A BE0/217558A BE217558A BE905985A BE 905985 A BE905985 A BE 905985A BE 0/217558 A BE0/217558 A BE 0/217558A BE 217558 A BE217558 A BE 217558A BE 905985 A BE905985 A BE 905985A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- mica
- manufacturing process
- flat heating
- cut
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/30—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material on or between metallic plates
Landscapes
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
An electric resistance cut from a metal sheet is embedded in an insulating material which acts as electrical insulation and as mechanical support. The resistance element is cut from a metal sheet of thickness between 5 and 8=0 micrometre, using chemical or electro-chemical cutting. - The metal may be aluminium, stainless steel, or a ferronickel or nickel-chrome alloy, or any other high temperature alloy. The insulating material is made of several layers of mica impregnated paper e.g. muscovite, phlogopite or vermiculite, with a heat treated silicone resin impregnation.
Description
B R E V E T D'INVENTION
ELEMENTS CHAUFFANTS PLATS
ELEMENTS CHAUFFANTS PLATS
La présente invention a pour objet un élément chauffant plat, son procédé de fabrication, ainsi que les appareils chauffants comportant un tel élément. L'invention peut s'appliquer aux appareils de chauffage industriel, aux appareils de chauffage domestique ainsi qu'aux appareils ménagers comportant un dispositif de chauffage.
Le but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients des éléments chauffants actuels, comme tubes blindés, résistances bobinés, tubes quartz, etc... en produisant un élément, plat et mince, dissipant ses calories d'une manière uniforme, sur toute sa surface. Cette bonne homogénéité de la répartition calorifique rend inutile l'emploi d'une semelle de répartition épaisse, réalisée le plus généralement en alliage léger et qui affecte le coût et le poids d'un appareil; mais permet au contraire utiliser une semelle mince, diminuant également l'inertie thermique de l'appareil chauffant. Ceci améliore notablement le confort d'utilisation ainsi que la consommation énergétique de l'appareil.
L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'on enrobe, sans autre intermédiaire, une résistance électrique, découpée hors d'un feuillard métallique, dans un substrat jouant le rôle d'isolant électrique et de support mécanique.
Le feuillard métallique, d'une épaisseur de 5 à 80 um, est découpé, par exemple, par voie chimique, électro-chimique, mécanique ou par laser, et peut être soit de l'aluminium, soit de l'acier inoxydable, soit un alliage de type ferro-nickel ou nickel-chrome, soit tout autre alliage résistant à haute température.
Le substrat, résistant à la température de chauffage et pouvant adhérer à la résistance métallique, peut être un support minéral souple, par exemple du papier de mica imprégné par un liant adéquat de type minéral, par exemple un sel alcalin à base de silicate, phosphate, borate ou boraphosphate tel que le silicate de potassium ou verre soluble ou un imprégnant organique résistant à la chaleur, tel qu'une résine silicone thermodurcissable. L'ensemble polymérisé peut être de qualité souple ou rigide; le mica employé peut être de type muscovite, phlogopite ou vermiculite.
<EMI ID=1.1>
montrant la situation ayant pressage et polymérisation. Une résistance métallique (1) est enrobée par une ou plusieurs couches de papier de mica imprégné- par une résine polymérisable de type silicone (2),- disposée ou disposées de chaque-côté. Le nombre de ces couches (habituellement deux) est défini d'après l'isolation électrique et la résistance mécanique exigées. Après- l'action de la pression et de la chaleur,- donc polymérisation du liant, le stratifié est alors homogène-, la résistance métallique étant noyé dans la micanite. Cette homogénéité est primordiale pour une bonne durée de vie de l'élément chauffant.
Une autre version consiste à découper des feuilles de papier de mica d'épaisseur appropriée, de les placer de part et d'autre d'un circuit métallique découpé, et d'imprégner l'ensemble dans un bain de résine telle que décrite plus haut (inorganique organique). La cohésion et les autres propriétés de l'ensemble sont alors obtenues par pressage à chaud.
Dans une autre version de l'invention, le feuillard résistant est couché sur deux épaisseurs de papier de mica imprégné d'une résine silicone, l'ensemble étant alors polymérisé suivant un cycle de pression et. de température adéquats. Le circuit résistant est ensuite découpé par voie chimique, la micanite faisant office de support mécanique. Après cette opération, on pose sur le circuit résistant deux épaisseurs de papier de mica, imprégné de la même,résine, et on rend l'ensemble homogène par un deuxième cycle de cuisson.
Une autre version consiste à coller un feuillard sur un papier de mica imprégné grâce à de la résine. Le feuillard est ensuite découpé, notamment par un moyen mécanique, chimique ou électrochimique, alors que le support reste intact.
On ajoute alors, de part et d'autre du feuillard, une couche de micanite que l'on colle sur le circuit à l'aide d'une colle organique ou silicone.
Une autre version consiste à découper le feuillard par laser,
après qu'il ait été collé sur une plaque de mica qui constitue également une partie du support isolant. Le feuillard ainsi découpé peut également être posé postérieurement à sa découpe sur son support isolant, et recouvert ensuite d'une autre couche d'isolation micacée.
Dans une autre version illustrée à la fig. II, on ajoute avant polymérisation, sur la face de l'élément chauffant opposée à la semelle de l'appareil (3), une couche de papier de vermiculite
(4) imprégnée d'un liant adéquat, afin qu'après polymérisation il fasse corps avec l'élément chauffant.
La propriété de cette couche est de s'expanser sous l'action de la chaleur; cette augmentation de volume étant de l'ordre de dix fois, elle suffit à isoler thermiquement la face arrière de l'élément chauffant et à plaquer celui-ci sur la semelle de l'appareil afin d'assurer entre les deux un bon contact thermique.
Dans. d'autres versions non illustrées, l'élément chauffant peut supporter des densités de puissance faibles (de 1 à 3 W/cm2), normales (de 3 à 7 W/cm2) ou élevées (plus de 7 W/cm2).
La chaleur sera transmise par conduction, par convection ou par rayonnement. Cette dernière possibilité est intéressante au niveau de la sécurité électrique obtenue dans les éléments rayonnants, par exemple dans les radiateurs domestiques, les toasters, etc... Cette propriété est due au fait qu'on utilise de la micanité comme matière d'enrobage et un liant résistant à ces hautes températures.
REVENDICATIONS
1) Elément chauffant plat et son procédé de fabrication caractérisé
en ce qu'on enrobe une résistance électrique découpée hors d'un feuillard métallique, dans un substrat jouant le rôle d'isolant électrique et de support mécanique.
2) Elément chauffant plat et son procédé de fabrication conformer
PATENT
FLAT HEATING ELEMENTS
FLAT HEATING ELEMENTS
The present invention relates to a flat heating element, its manufacturing process, as well as the heating devices comprising such an element. The invention can be applied to industrial heating appliances, domestic heating appliances as well as household appliances comprising a heating device.
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of current heating elements, such as shielded tubes, wound resistors, quartz tubes, etc. by producing an element, flat and thin, dissipating its calories in a uniform manner, over all its surface. This good homogeneity of the heat distribution makes it unnecessary to use a thick distribution sole, generally made of light alloy and which affects the cost and weight of a device; but on the contrary allows the use of a thin soleplate, also reducing the thermal inertia of the heating appliance. This notably improves the comfort of use as well as the energy consumption of the device.
The invention is characterized in that an electrical resistance, cut out of a metal strip, is coated, without any other intermediary, in a substrate playing the role of electrical insulator and mechanical support.
The metal strip, with a thickness of 5 to 80 μm, is cut, for example, by chemical, electro-chemical, mechanical or laser means, and can be either aluminum, stainless steel or an alloy of ferro-nickel or nickel-chromium type, or any other alloy resistant to high temperature.
The substrate, resistant to heating temperature and capable of adhering to the metallic resistance, can be a flexible mineral support, for example mica paper impregnated with a suitable binder of mineral type, for example an alkali salt based on silicate, phosphate , borate or boraphosphate such as potassium silicate or soluble glass or an organic heat-resistant impregnator, such as a thermosetting silicone resin. The polymerized assembly can be of flexible or rigid quality; the mica used can be of muscovite, phlogopite or vermiculite type.
<EMI ID = 1.1>
showing the situation having pressing and polymerization. A metal resistor (1) is coated with one or more layers of mica paper impregnated with a silicone-type polymerizable resin (2), - arranged or arranged on each side. The number of these layers (usually two) is defined according to the required electrical insulation and mechanical strength. After the action of pressure and heat, - thus polymerization of the binder, the laminate is then homogeneous -, the metallic resistance being embedded in the micanite. This homogeneity is essential for a good lifetime of the heating element.
Another version consists in cutting sheets of mica paper of appropriate thickness, placing them on either side of a cut metal circuit, and impregnating the whole in a resin bath as described above. (organic inorganic). The cohesion and the other properties of the assembly are then obtained by hot pressing.
In another version of the invention, the resistant strip is coated on two thicknesses of mica paper impregnated with a silicone resin, the assembly then being polymerized according to a pressure cycle and. suitable temperatures. The resistive circuit is then cut chemically, the micanite acting as a mechanical support. After this operation, two layers of mica paper, impregnated with the same, resin, are placed on the resistive circuit, and the whole is made homogeneous by a second baking cycle.
Another version consists in sticking a strip on a mica paper impregnated with resin. The strip is then cut, in particular by mechanical, chemical or electrochemical means, while the support remains intact.
A layer of micanite is then added on either side of the strip, which is bonded to the circuit using an organic or silicone adhesive.
Another version consists in cutting the strip by laser,
after it has been glued to a mica plate which also forms part of the insulating support. The strip thus cut can also be placed after its cutting on its insulating support, and then covered with another layer of micaceous insulation.
In another version illustrated in FIG. II, a layer of vermiculite paper is added before polymerization, on the face of the heating element opposite the sole of the appliance (3)
(4) impregnated with a suitable binder, so that after polymerization it becomes one with the heating element.
The property of this layer is to expand under the action of heat; this increase in volume being of the order of ten times, it suffices to thermally insulate the rear face of the heating element and to press it on the soleplate of the appliance in order to ensure good thermal contact between the two .
In. other versions not shown, the heating element can withstand low (1 to 3 W / cm2), normal (3 to 7 W / cm2) or high (more than 7 W / cm2) power densities.
Heat will be transmitted by conduction, convection or radiation. This latter possibility is advantageous in terms of electrical safety obtained in radiating elements, for example in domestic radiators, toasters, etc. This property is due to the fact that micanity is used as a coating material and a binder resistant to these high temperatures.
CLAIMS
1) Flat heating element and its manufacturing process characterized
in that an electrical resistance is cut out of a metal strip, in a substrate playing the role of electrical insulator and mechanical support.
2) Flat heating element and its manufacturing process conform
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE0/217558A BE905985A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | Flat, thin electric heating element - has thin metallic sheet with insulated covering of layered, mica-impregnated paper |
| EP8787870177A EP0276644A1 (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1987-12-15 | Flat electrical heating element |
| PCT/BE1987/000019 WO1988004874A1 (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1987-12-15 | Flat electric heating elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE905985 | 1986-12-19 | ||
| BE0/217558A BE905985A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | Flat, thin electric heating element - has thin metallic sheet with insulated covering of layered, mica-impregnated paper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BE905985A true BE905985A (en) | 1987-04-16 |
Family
ID=25655151
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE0/217558A BE905985A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | Flat, thin electric heating element - has thin metallic sheet with insulated covering of layered, mica-impregnated paper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE905985A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1000397A4 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-11-22 | Asturienne Mines Comp Royale | Flat electric heating element mfr., e.g. for toaster - forming element on porous sheet covered with insulating layers prior to hardening of binder or polymerisation of impregnating resin |
| EP0989779A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-29 | Konetuote Piispanen Oy | Method for manufacturing a thermal element, a thermal element, and the use thereof |
| US20150367608A1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2015-12-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite flame barrier laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
| US20160101604A1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2016-04-14 | Ei Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite flame barrier laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
| US9643711B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2017-05-09 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite flame barrier laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
| USRE46658E1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2018-01-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
-
1986
- 1986-12-19 BE BE0/217558A patent/BE905985A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1000397A4 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-11-22 | Asturienne Mines Comp Royale | Flat electric heating element mfr., e.g. for toaster - forming element on porous sheet covered with insulating layers prior to hardening of binder or polymerisation of impregnating resin |
| EP0989779A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-29 | Konetuote Piispanen Oy | Method for manufacturing a thermal element, a thermal element, and the use thereof |
| US20150367608A1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2015-12-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite flame barrier laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
| US20160101604A1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2016-04-14 | Ei Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite flame barrier laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
| US9643711B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2017-05-09 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite flame barrier laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
| USRE46658E1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2018-01-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
| USRE46859E1 (en) | 2009-04-21 | 2018-05-22 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite laminate for a thermal and acoustic insulation blanket |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RE | Patent lapsed |
Owner name: COGEBI S.A. Effective date: 19891231 |