[go: up one dir, main page]

BE858666A - COMBINATIONS OF POLYMERS SUITABLE IN HYDROCARBON OILS TO IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES - Google Patents

COMBINATIONS OF POLYMERS SUITABLE IN HYDROCARBON OILS TO IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Info

Publication number
BE858666A
BE858666A BE180883A BE180883A BE858666A BE 858666 A BE858666 A BE 858666A BE 180883 A BE180883 A BE 180883A BE 180883 A BE180883 A BE 180883A BE 858666 A BE858666 A BE 858666A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
emi
weight
ester
oil
styrene
Prior art date
Application number
BE180883A
Other languages
French (fr)
Original Assignee
Exxon Research Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Research Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research Engineering Co
Priority to BE180883A priority Critical patent/BE858666A/en
Publication of BE858666A publication Critical patent/BE858666A/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/146Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/196Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1963Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/196Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1966Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/197Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1973Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/20Organic compounds containing halogen
    • C10L1/206Organic compounds containing halogen macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/207Organic compounds containing halogen macromolecular compounds containing halogen with or without hydrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • C10L1/2362Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing nitrile groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • C10L1/2364Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • C10L1/2366Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amine groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • C10L1/2368Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Description

       

   <EMI ID=1.1>   <EMI ID=2.1> 

  
de 1' acétate de vinyle, avec un dérive, soluble dans les huiles, d'un copolymère aromatique.

  
La littérature des brevets a décrit divers polymères qui sont utiles à titre d'agents d'abaissement du point de gout-
-le ou de défigeage des distillats moyens. Ces agents d'abaisse-

  
 <EMI ID=3.1> 

  
le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique N[deg.] 2 460 035 décrit des polyfumarates ; le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique N[deg.] 2 936 300 décrit un copolymère d'un fumarate de dialkyle et de l'acétate de vinyle, cependant que le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique

  
 <EMI ID=4.1> 

  
cène, avec l'anhydride maléique estérifié par un alcool, par exemple l'alcool laurylique, dans des huiles lubrifiantes et des huiles de chauffage. 

  
 <EMI ID=5.1> 

  
des mazouts lourds, par exemple des résidus et des combustibles obtenus par'une distillation très rapide. Ces combustibles comprennent des quantités relativement grandes de cires ayant en moyenne au moins 20 atomes de carbone dans leur molécule. L'é-

  
 <EMI ID=6.1> 

  
ne, le propylène, l'isobutylène ou le styrène. Les groupes carboxyles des copolymères sont estérifiés par un alcool aliphatique pour rendre le copolymère soluble dans les huiles, et la quasi-totalité du reste des groupes carboxyles est imidée.

  
Selon la présente invention, celle-ci propose une composition de combustible comprenant une proportion majeure, c'est-à-dire plus de 50 pour cent en poids, d'une fraction de  <EMI ID=7.1> 

  
filtrabilité. cette composition comprenant : 
(a) &#65533; 1 à 20 parties en poids d'un copolymère aliphatique jouant le rôle d'un agent d'amorçage de la cristallisation de la cire dans le distillât : et 
(b) - 1 à 100 parties en poids d'un copolymère aromatique comprenant un dérivé, soluble dans les huiles, d'un copo- <EMI ID=8.1> 

  
500 et environ 50 000, de préférence entre environ 500 et environ 15 000. On préfère également que le rapport pondéral de a/b

  
 <EMI ID=9.1>   <EMI ID=10.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=11.1> 

  
point de saturation des constituants "cireux", c'est-à-dire que le distillât est refroidi depuis un point légèrement supérieur
(par exemple supérieur de 5,5[deg.] C et.-de préférence d'environ

  
 <EMI ID=12.1> 

  
férieure à cette température de saturation. L'expression de ''température de saturation" se définit comme étant la tempéra-

  
 <EMI ID=13.1> 

  
lorsqu'on utilise des méthodes pour amorcer la cristallisation.

  
Ainsi, un agent d'amorçage de la cristallisation de la cire élevé la température à laquelle se produit le, début de la cristallisation de la cire de cette huile distillée (par

  
 <EMI ID=14.1> 

  
soluble dans l'huile à des températures supérieures à la température de saturation de la cire dans l'huile, mais il com-

  
 <EMI ID=15.1>  ne :% se situant entre environ 500 et 50 000 et de préférence entre environ 1 500 et environ 30 000. 

  
 <EMI ID=16.1>   <EMI ID=17.1> 

  
1 à 8 atomes de carbone, par exemple un radical alkyle ayant 1 à 4 atomes de carbone. Des exemples de ces esters comprennent l'acétate de vinyle, l'iso-butyrate de vinyle, le laurate de vinyle, le myristate de vinyle, le palmitate de vinyle, etc.

  
Ces copolymères préférés sont facilement produits par des méthodes classiques de polymérisation à l'aide d'un amorceur produisant des radicaux libres, comme décrit dans le brevet des

  
 <EMI ID=18.1> 

  
sion manométrique de 49 à 175 bars, habituellement 63 à 490 bars. On peut ajouter dans le récipient continuellement, ou tout au moins périodiquement, au cours de la réaction, l'amorceur habituellement dissous dans un solvant de façon à pouvoir le pomper et des quantités supplémentaires de la charge des monomères au-  tres que l'éthylène, par exemple l'ester vinylique. De même,

  
 <EMI ID=19.1> 

  
consommé dans la réaction de polymérisation, on fournit un  <EMI ID=20.1>  pour la réaction. Après l'achèvement de la réaction (habituellement une durée totale de réaction d'un quart d'heure à dix heures suffira), on enlevé la phase liquide .du réacteur et l'on en chasse le solvant et les autres constituants volatils du mélange réactionnel en laissant le copolymère connue résidu. Pour- faciliter la manutention et le mélange ultérieur à l'huile, on dis.saut le polymère dans une huile minérale légère pour former un concentré contenant habituellement 10 à 60 pour cent en poids du copolymëre.

  
Habituellement, pour 100 parties en poids du copoly-

  
 <EMI ID=21.1> 

  
préférence 100 à 600 parties en poids du solvant qui est habituellement un solvant hydrocarboné comme le benzène, l'hexane,

  
 <EMI ID=22.1> 

  
butyle à de plus fortes températures de polymérisation.

  
Le second constituant de ces agents d'amélioration de l'écoulement des huiles distillées est formé par des dérivés, solubles dans les huiles, de copolymères d'un monomère monovi-

  
 <EMI ID=23.1> 

  
mère polaire à insaturation éthylénique contenant habituellement de 8 à 52 atomes de carbone, de préférence 10 à 32 atomes de

  
 <EMI ID=24.1>   <EMI ID=25.1> 

  
thylstyrëne et le styrène qui est le composé préféré.

  
Dans un sens préféré, ces monomères polaires peuvent être représentés par la formule générale :

  

 <EMI ID=26.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=27.1> 

  
me d'hydrogène ou d'halogène ou un radical alkyle ayant 1 à 12

  
 <EMI ID=28.1> 

  
les dérivés des copolymères- Dans le cas de monomères polaires acides comme les acides acryliques ou méthacryliques, il est haDituel d'obtenir tout d'abord les dérivés, pour obtenir par exemple des esters, des amides ou des ester-amides, puis de co-

  
 <EMI ID=29.1> 

  
Eormé à une réaction d'obtention des dérivés s'effectuant sur Les sites des groupes anhydrides. On peut obtenir les dérivés en  <EMI ID=30.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=31.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=32.1> 

  
une aminé contenant 1 à 60 atomes de carbone et 1 à 12 atomes d'azote. Le groupe alkyle R' est de préférence essentiellement

  
 <EMI ID=33.1> 

  
puisse tolérer la présence de groupes méthyle et éthyle formant des ramifications. Les monomères acryliques ou méthacryliques dont le copolymère provient comprennent un acrylate d'alkyle, un méthacrylate d'alkyle, des amino-acrylates d'alkyle et des ami-

  
 <EMI ID=34.1> 
-thacrylate de lauryle.- du méthacrylate de N,N-diméthylaminoéthyle, etc. 

  
Les alcools qui conviennent pour produire les esters

  
 <EMI ID=35.1> 

  
fera des alcools aliphatiques saturés contenant 6 à 22 atomes de carbone par Des exemples d'alcools qui conviennent pour produire les esters comprennent des alcools primaires li-

  
 <EMI ID=36.1> 

  
Pour les esters à longue chaîne, on peut utiliser des mélanges, disponibles à l'échelle commerciale, d'alcools consistant essentiellement en des alcools saturés ayant la

  
 <EMI ID=37.1>  oxyles, des groupes alcoxy, des groupes amido, des groupes imidazolines, etc. Des aminés préférées sont des aminés aliphatiques, primaires et secondaires, ainsi que des polyamines. Il est possible de remplacer jusqu'à 25 moles pour cent de ces aminés par des aminés aromatiques primaires'ou secondaires, Des aminés préférées comprennent celles répondant aux formules générales :
 <EMI ID=38.1> 
  <EMI ID=39.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=40.1> 

  
un radical alcoxy-alkylêne dont le groupe alcoxy comporte 1 à 12

  
 <EMI ID=41.1> 

  
portant 2 à 12 atomes de carbone ou un radical alkylamino-alkylène dont le groupe alkyle comporte 1 à 12 atomes de carbone et

  
 <EMI ID=42.1> 

  
être également un atome d'hydrogène ; &#65533; est un nombre valant 2 à 6, de préférence 2 à 4 ; et ! est un nombre valant 0 à 10, de .préférence 2 à 6.

  
Voici des non limitatifs d'amines qui conviennent : des monoamines et des diamines dérivant du suif, le

  
 <EMI ID=43.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=44.1> 


  
 <EMI ID=45.1> 

  
ayant 1 à 3 atomes de carbone ; et [pound] est un nombre entier valant 1 à 4. Des exemples non limitatifs de telles amines comprennent

  
 <EMI ID=46.1> 

  
On peut avantageusement utiliser des mélanges  <EMI ID=47.1> 

  
sêtidiae.

  
On peut utiliser d'autres aminés encore séparées par

  
 <EMI ID=48.1> 

  
fures. 

  
Parmi ces amines, il y a également des aminés primai-

  
 <EMI ID=49.1> 

  
des radicaux libres, comme, les techniques antérieurement. indi-

  
 <EMI ID=50.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=51.1> 

  
Les huiles hydrocarbonêes distillées que l'on traite par l'additif composé de la présente invention sont des huiles

  
 <EMI ID=52.1>  L'invention peut servir particulièrement bien pour traiter, en vue d'améliorer leur écoulement à froid, des combustibles à point final élevé d'ébullition, et qui ne répondent pas à l'action des agents classiques d'amélioration de l'écoulement, c'est-à-dire les combustibles ayant un point final d'ébullition

  
 <EMI ID=53.1> 

  
Exemples

  
On utilise les matières suivantes :
.Polymère 1  <EMI ID=54.1> 

  
l'acétate de, vinyle, produit comme indiqué dans le brevet britannique N[deg.] 1 374 051 précité. Il a une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre d'environ 4 100, une teneur en acétate de vinyle de 9 pour cent en poids et une viscosité spécifique de 0,37. Ce polymère est également décrit sous le nom de copolymère K, dans le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique N[deg.] 3 961 916 correspondant au brevet britannique précité.

  
Polymère A

  
Le polymère A est un copolymère de styrène et d'anhy-

  
 <EMI ID=55.1> 

  
Polymère 

  
Le polymère B est un copolymère de styrène et de mêthacrylate de lauryle en dissolution dans une huile minérale. Il a été acheté sous la désignation de "Santopour C" chez Monsanto Chemical Co., Saint Louis, Missouri, Etats-Unis d'Amérique.

  
Combustible 

  
Le tableau I suivant résume les propriétés des fueloils distillés ayant servis aux essais : 

  
 <EMI ID=56.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=57.1> 


  
On a obtenu divers mélanges du polymère 1 avec les

  
 <EMI ID=58.1> 

  
le polymère dans le fuel-oil. On a effectué cela en chauffant, par .exemple en chauffant l'huile et le. polymère jusqu'à 90[deg.] C environ et l'on a ajouté le polymère lui-même et en agitant. Dans d'autres cas, on a tout simplement ajouté le polymère tout

  
 <EMI ID=59.1> 

  
l'huila contenant environ 50 pour cent environ en poids du poly-

  
 <EMI ID=60.1> 

  
du point de trouble), on vérifie l'aptitude de l'huile refroidie à s'écouler à travers une fine toile en une période de temps.

  
On vérifie cette propriété d'écoulement à froid à l'aide d'un dispositif consistant en une pipette dont l'extrémité inférieure est rattachée à un entonnoir renversé placé audessous de la surface de l'huile à essayer. Sur l'embouchure de  <EMI ID=61.1> 

  
de vaille) ayant une surface d'environ 2,9 centimètres carres. On amorce chaque essai périodique en appliquant un vide à l'extrémité supérieure de la pipette,ce qui attire l'huile à travers la toile vers l'intérieur de la pipette jusqu'à une marque indiquant 20 millilitres de l'huile. On répète l'essai avec chaque degré de chute de température jusqu'à ce que l'huile n'arrive pas à emplir la pipette en soixante-secondes. Les résultats de

  
 <EMI ID=62.1> 

  
le les huiles n'arrivent pas à emplir la pipette en la période de temps prescrite.-

  
Essai impérial de filtrabilité

  
Dans cet essai, on refroidit un échantillon (200 millilitres) d'huile à raison de 0,55[deg.] C à l'heure de 5,6[deg.] C au-des-

  
 <EMI ID=63.1> 

  
de filtre muni d'une toile. L'essai impérial de filtrabilité indiqua la toile la plus fine traversée par au moins 90 pour cent

  
 <EMI ID=64.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=65.1> 

  
Efficacité des polymères dans le combustible
 <EMI ID=66.1> 
  <EMI ID=67.1> 

  

 <EMI ID=68.1> 


  
* : Point de bouchage d'un filtre à froid (degrés C)

  
 <EMI ID=69.1> 

  
sai impérial de filtrabilité.

  
Les résultats synergiques obtenus grâce aux enseignements de la présente invention ressortent du tableau II ci-dessus. Par exemple, dans l'huile A, le mélange de l'exemple 

  
 <EMI ID=70.1>   <EMI ID=71.1> 

  
poids (par rapport au poids de la composition totale) d'une car*binaison synergique d'amélioration de l'écoulement, qui est forma de : <EMI ID=72.1>  agent d'amorçage de la cristallisation de la cire de ce distillat, ce copolymère étant un copolymère de l'éthylène et d'un es-

  
 <EMI ID=73.1> 



   <EMI ID = 1.1> <EMI ID = 2.1>

  
vinyl acetate, with an oil soluble derivative of an aromatic copolymer.

  
The patent literature has described various polymers which are useful as drop point depressants.
-the or de-icing of middle distillates. These lowering agents

  
 <EMI ID = 3.1>

  
US Pat. No. 2,460,035 describes polyfumarates; US Pat. No. 2,936,300 describes a copolymer of dialkyl fumarate and vinyl acetate, while US Pat.

  
 <EMI ID = 4.1>

  
cene, with maleic anhydride esterified by an alcohol, for example lauryl alcohol, in lubricating oils and heating oils.

  
 <EMI ID = 5.1>

  
heavy fuel oils, for example residues and fuels obtained by very rapid distillation. These fuels include relatively large amounts of waxes having on average at least 20 carbon atoms in their molecule. The-

  
 <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
ne, propylene, isobutylene or styrene. The carboxyl groups of the copolymers are esterified with an aliphatic alcohol to render the copolymer soluble in oils, and almost all of the remainder of the carboxyl groups are imidized.

  
According to the present invention, this provides a fuel composition comprising a major proportion, that is to say more than 50 percent by weight, of a fraction of <EMI ID = 7.1>

  
filterability. this composition comprising:
(a) &#65533; 1 to 20 parts by weight of an aliphatic copolymer acting as an agent for initiating crystallization of the wax in the distillate: and
(b) - 1 to 100 parts by weight of an aromatic copolymer comprising an oil-soluble derivative of a copo- <EMI ID = 8.1>

  
500 and about 50,000, preferably between about 500 and about 15,000. It is also preferred that the weight ratio of a / b

  
 <EMI ID = 9.1> <EMI ID = 10.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
saturation point of the "waxy" constituents, i.e. the distillate is cooled from a slightly higher point
(eg greater than 5.5 [deg.] C and.-preferably about

  
 <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
less than this saturation temperature. The expression "saturation temperature" is defined as being the temperature

  
 <EMI ID = 13.1>

  
when using methods to initiate crystallization.

  
Thus, an agent for initiating the crystallization of the wax increases the temperature at which the start of the crystallization of the wax of this distilled oil occurs (for

  
 <EMI ID = 14.1>

  
soluble in oil at temperatures above the saturation temperature of the wax in oil, but it com-

  
 <EMI ID = 15.1> ne:% lying between about 500 and 50,000 and preferably between about 1,500 and about 30,000.

  
 <EMI ID = 16.1> <EMI ID = 17.1>

  
1 to 8 carbon atoms, for example an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of such esters include vinyl acetate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl laurate, vinyl myristate, vinyl palmitate, etc.

  
These preferred copolymers are readily produced by conventional methods of polymerization using a free radical initiator, as described in the US Pat.

  
 <EMI ID = 18.1>

  
manometric pressure from 49 to 175 bar, usually 63 to 490 bar. The initiator, usually dissolved in a solvent, can be added to the vessel continuously, or at least periodically during the reaction, so as to be able to pump it and additional quantities of the feed of monomers other than ethylene. , for example vinyl ester. Likewise,

  
 <EMI ID = 19.1>

  
consumed in the polymerization reaction, an <EMI ID = 20.1> is provided for the reaction. After completion of the reaction (usually a total reaction time of fifteen minutes to ten hours will suffice), the liquid phase is removed from the reactor and the solvent and other volatile constituents of the mixture removed. reaction leaving the copolymer known as residue. For ease of handling and subsequent mixing with the oil, the polymer is blasted into a light mineral oil to form a concentrate usually containing 10 to 60 percent by weight of the copolymer.

  
Usually, per 100 parts by weight of the copoly-

  
 <EMI ID = 21.1>

  
preferably 100 to 600 parts by weight of the solvent which is usually a hydrocarbon solvent such as benzene, hexane,

  
 <EMI ID = 22.1>

  
butyl at higher polymerization temperatures.

  
The second component of these distilled oil flow improvers is formed by oil-soluble derivatives of copolymers of a monovi-

  
 <EMI ID = 23.1>

  
ethylenically unsaturated polar mother usually containing 8 to 52 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 32 carbon atoms.

  
 <EMI ID = 24.1> <EMI ID = 25.1>

  
thylstyrene and styrene which is the preferred compound.

  
In a preferred sense, these polar monomers can be represented by the general formula:

  

 <EMI ID = 26.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 27.1>

  
me of hydrogen or halogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 12

  
 <EMI ID = 28.1>

  
copolymer derivatives - In the case of acidic polar monomers such as acrylic or methacrylic acids, it is customary to first obtain the derivatives, for example to obtain esters, amides or ester-amides, then from co -

  
 <EMI ID = 29.1>

  
Eormé to a reaction for obtaining the derivatives taking place on the sites of the anhydride groups. We can get the derivatives in <EMI ID = 30.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 31.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 32.1>

  
an amine containing 1 to 60 carbon atoms and 1 to 12 nitrogen atoms. The alkyl group R 'is preferably essentially

  
 <EMI ID = 33.1>

  
can tolerate the presence of methyl and ethyl groups forming branches. The acrylic or methacrylic monomers from which the copolymer is derived include an alkyl acrylate, an alkyl methacrylate, alkyl amino acrylates and amino acids.

  
 <EMI ID = 34.1>
-laurylthacrylate.- N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, etc.

  
Alcohols which are suitable for producing esters

  
 <EMI ID = 35.1>

  
will make saturated aliphatic alcohols containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of alcohols which are suitable for producing the esters include primary alcohols li-

  
 <EMI ID = 36.1>

  
For long-chain esters, commercially available mixtures of alcohols consisting essentially of saturated alcohols having the

  
 <EMI ID = 37.1> oxyls, alkoxy groups, amido groups, imidazoline groups, etc. Preferred amines are aliphatic, primary and secondary amines, as well as polyamines. Up to 25 mole percent of these amines can be replaced with primary or secondary aromatic amines. Preferred amines include those of the general formulas:
 <EMI ID = 38.1>
  <EMI ID = 39.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 40.1>

  
an alkoxy-alkylene radical in which the alkoxy group contains 1 to 12

  
 <EMI ID = 41.1>

  
bearing 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkylaminoalkylene radical in which the alkyl group contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms and

  
 <EMI ID = 42.1>

  
also be a hydrogen atom; &#65533; is a number of 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4; and! is a number from 0 to 10, preferably 2 to 6.

  
The following are nonlimiting amines which are suitable: monoamines and diamines derived from tallow,

  
 <EMI ID = 43.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 44.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 45.1>

  
having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and [pound] is an integer of 1 to 4. Non-limiting examples of such amines include

  
 <EMI ID = 46.1>

  
It is advantageously possible to use mixtures <EMI ID = 47.1>

  
sêtidiae.

  
Other amines can be used further separated by

  
 <EMI ID = 48.1>

  
fures.

  
Among these amines, there are also primary amines.

  
 <EMI ID = 49.1>

  
free radicals, like, the techniques previously. indi-

  
 <EMI ID = 50.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 51.1>

  
The distilled hydrocarbon oils which are treated with the additive compound of the present invention are oils.

  
 <EMI ID = 52.1> The invention can be used particularly well for treating, with a view to improving their cold flow, fuels with a high end boiling point, and which do not respond to the action of conventional agents of flow improvement, i.e. fuels with an end boiling point

  
 <EMI ID = 53.1>

  
Examples

  
The following materials are used:
.Polymer 1 <EMI ID = 54.1>

  
vinyl acetate, produced as disclosed in British Patent No. 1,374,051 cited above. It has a number average molecular weight of about 4,100, a vinyl acetate content of 9 weight percent and a specific viscosity of 0.37. This polymer is also described under the name of copolymer K, in the patent of the United States of America N [deg.] 3,961,916 corresponding to the aforementioned British patent.

  
Polymer A

  
Polymer A is a copolymer of styrene and anhy-

  
 <EMI ID = 55.1>

  
Polymer

  
Polymer B is a copolymer of styrene and lauryl methacrylate dissolved in mineral oil. It was purchased under the designation "Santopour C" from Monsanto Chemical Co., Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

  
Combustible

  
Table I below summarizes the properties of the distilled fuel oils used in the tests:

  
 <EMI ID = 56.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 57.1>


  
Various mixtures of polymer 1 were obtained with

  
 <EMI ID = 58.1>

  
the polymer in fuel oil. This was done by heating, for example by heating the oil and the. polymer to about 90 [deg.] C and the polymer itself was added with stirring. In other cases, the polymer was simply added while

  
 <EMI ID = 59.1>

  
oil containing about 50 percent by weight of the poly-

  
 <EMI ID = 60.1>

  
cloud point), the ability of the cooled oil to flow through a thin cloth over a period of time is checked.

  
This cold flow property is checked using a device consisting of a pipette, the lower end of which is attached to an inverted funnel placed below the surface of the oil to be tested. On the mouth of <EMI ID = 61.1>

  
of vaille) having an area of approximately 2.9 square centimeters. Each periodic test is initiated by applying a vacuum to the upper end of the pipette, which draws the oil through the web into the interior of the pipette to a mark indicating 20 milliliters of the oil. The test is repeated with each degree of temperature drop until the oil fails to fill the pipette in sixty seconds. The results of

  
 <EMI ID = 62.1>

  
the oils fail to fill the pipette within the prescribed period of time.

  
Imperial filterability test

  
In this test, a sample (200 milliliters) of oil is cooled at a rate of 0.55 [deg.] C per hour of 5.6 [deg.] C above.

  
 <EMI ID = 63.1>

  
filter fitted with a cloth. The Imperial filterability test showed the thinnest web crossed by at least 90 percent

  
 <EMI ID = 64.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 65.1>

  
Efficiency of polymers in fuel
 <EMI ID = 66.1>
  <EMI ID = 67.1>

  

 <EMI ID = 68.1>


  
*: Clogging point of a cold filter (degrees C)

  
 <EMI ID = 69.1>

  
imperial filterability sai.

  
The synergistic results obtained by virtue of the teachings of the present invention appear from Table II above. For example, in oil A, the mixture of example

  
 <EMI ID = 70.1> <EMI ID = 71.1>

  
weight (in relation to the weight of the total composition) of a synergistic char * of flow improvement, which is formed of: <EMI ID = 72.1> agent for initiating the crystallization of the wax of this distillate , this copolymer being a copolymer of ethylene and of an es-

  
 <EMI ID = 73.1>


    

Claims (1)

<EMI ID=74.1> <EMI ID = 74.1> caractérisé en ce que le monomère aromatique est du styrène et l'ester est un ester dérivant de l'anhydride maléique . characterized in that the aromatic monomer is styrene and the ester is an ester derived from maleic anhydride. <EMI ID=75.1> <EMI ID = 75.1> caractérisé en ce que le monomère aromatique est du styrène et l'ester est un méthacrylate. characterized in that the aromatic monomer is styrene and the ester is a methacrylate. 5 - Fuel-oil selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le méthacrylate est le méthacrylate de lauryle. 5 - Fuel oil according to claim 4, characterized in that the methacrylate is lauryl methacrylate. 6 - Fuel-oil qui est un distillat de pétrole contenant de la cire de paraffine, qui bout entre 1200 et 500[deg.] C et <EMI ID=76.1> 6 - Fuel oil which is a petroleum distillate containing paraffin wax, which boils between 1200 and 500 [deg.] C and <EMI ID = 76.1> 0,5 pour cent en poids (par rapport au poids de la composition totale) d'une combinaison synergique d'amélioration de l'écoule- 0.5 percent by weight (based on the weight of the total composition) of a synergistic flow enhancing combination <EMI ID=77.1> <EMI ID = 77.1> l'éthylène avec 0,3 à 12 moles pour cent d'acétate de vinyle et et qui a une massa moléculaire moyenne en nombre se situant entre 1 500 et 30 000, et de (b) - un copolymère soluble dans les huiles, qui a une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre comprise entre environ 500 et 50- 000, qui dérive du styrène et d'un ester de formule : ethylene with 0.3 to 12 mole percent vinyl acetate and which has a number average molecular mass between 1,500 and 30,000, and (b) - an oil soluble copolymer, which has a number average molecular weight between about 500 and 50-000, which is derived from styrene and an ester of the formula: <EMI ID=78.1> <EMI ID = 78.1> (où R est un atome d'hydrogène ou un radical méthyle ; et R' est un groupa alkyle linéaire comportant 12 à 18 atomes de carbone), (where R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; and R 'is a linear alkyl group having 12 to 18 carbon atoms), <EMI ID=79.1> <EMI ID = 79.1> 5/1. 5/1.
BE180883A 1977-09-13 1977-09-13 COMBINATIONS OF POLYMERS SUITABLE IN HYDROCARBON OILS TO IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES BE858666A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE180883A BE858666A (en) 1977-09-13 1977-09-13 COMBINATIONS OF POLYMERS SUITABLE IN HYDROCARBON OILS TO IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE180883A BE858666A (en) 1977-09-13 1977-09-13 COMBINATIONS OF POLYMERS SUITABLE IN HYDROCARBON OILS TO IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BE858666A true BE858666A (en) 1978-03-13

Family

ID=3843042

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BE180883A BE858666A (en) 1977-09-13 1977-09-13 COMBINATIONS OF POLYMERS SUITABLE IN HYDROCARBON OILS TO IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Country Status (1)

Country Link
BE (1) BE858666A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0061894A3 (en) * 1981-03-31 1983-01-19 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Two-component flow improver additive for middle distillate fuel oils

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0061894A3 (en) * 1981-03-31 1983-01-19 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Two-component flow improver additive for middle distillate fuel oils

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0071513B1 (en) Additives for use as pour point dispersants for middle distillate hydrocarbons, and compositions of middle distillate hydrocarbons containing said additives
FR2528423A1 (en) Nitrogen contg. additives reducing cloud pt. of middle distillates - obtd. by reacting aliphatic di:carboxylic cpd., of e.g. (alkyl)maleic anhydride, with amide cpds.
EP0832172B1 (en) Bifunctional cold resistance additive for fuels, and fuel composition
EP0674689B1 (en) Middle petroleum distillate composition containing a paraffin settling speed limiter
EP0112195B1 (en) Copolymers with functional nitrogens used especially as cloud point reduction additives of middle distillate hydrocarbons, and middle distillate hydrocarbon compositions containing the same
CA1179134A (en) Additives compositions improving the temperature limits of both the filterability and the simultaneous inhibition of n-paraffin crystals formed during low temperature storage of middle distillates
CA1262406A (en) Additive compositions useable, namely, to improve cold filtering properties of petroleum middle distillates
CA1201722A (en) Nitrogen containing copolymers especially useful as additives for the lowering of hydrocarbons middle distillates turbidity point; hydrocarbons middle distillates compositions containing said copolymers
EP0291367B1 (en) Polymers containing nitrogen, their preparation and their use as additives for improving flow properties of middle distillate hydrocarbons
CA1200341A (en) Copolymers with nitrogen-containng functions useful for instance as additives that lower the turbidity point of hydrocarbons middle distillates; hydrocarbons middle distillates compositions containing said copolymers
FR2572410A1 (en) ETHYLENE GRAFT COPOLYMERS USEFUL AS ADDITIVES FOR INHIBITING DEPOSITION OF PARAFFINS IN RAW OILS AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING OILS AND ADDITIVES THEREOF
BE897486A (en) COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A HYDROCARBYL CARBOXYL ACID DERIVATIVE AND FUELS OR FUELS CONTAINING THE SAME
EP0353116B1 (en) Recipes of nitrogenous additives for engine fuels, and engine fuels containing them
FR2528435A1 (en) Additive lowering middle distillate cloud pt. - is reaction prod. of polymerised unsaturated carboxylic acid or its ester with amine
BE858666A (en) COMBINATIONS OF POLYMERS SUITABLE IN HYDROCARBON OILS TO IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES
EP0349369B1 (en) Composition obtained from hydroxy-imidazolines and polyamines, and their use as fuel additives
JPS5824477B2 (en) If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact us.
FR2710652A1 (en) Cold operability additive composition of middle distillates.
EP1414875B1 (en) Olefin and alkenyl alkylate polymers and their use as multifunctional additive in fuels and gasoline
EP0245157A1 (en) Emulsifying composition, and reverse emulsion containing the same
EP3806812A1 (en) Surfactant for water-in-oil emulsion
FR2539754A1 (en) Nitrogenous additives usable as cloud point lowering agents for hydrocarbon middle distillates and hydrocarbon middle distillate compositions containing the said additives.
JP4822665B2 (en) Additive for improving lubricity to reduce emulsification tendency for highly desulfurized fuel oil
FR2649407A1 (en) ADDITIVES FOR LOWERING THE FLOW POINT AND PREVENTING THE DEPOSITION OF SEPARATE PARAFFINS BELOW THE TROUBLE POINT
RU2817991C1 (en) Multifunctional diesel fuel additive

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RE Patent lapsed

Owner name: EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CY

Effective date: 19960930