AU727341B2

AU727341B2 - Absorbent, non-permeable fabrics and method of disposal thereof

Info

Publication number: AU727341B2
Application number: AU74375/96A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Dong Dai; Travis Honeycutt; Robert E. Jones; Bryan Khamvongsa; Baosheng Lee
Original assignee: Isolyser Co Inc
Current assignee: Isolyser Co Inc
Priority date: 1996-10-11
Filing date: 1996-10-11
Publication date: 2000-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2016-10-11
Also published as: JP2000506464A; CA2268345A1; WO1998016166A1; EP0930852A1; AU7437596A

Description

WO 98/16166 PCTIUS96/16249

I

ABSORBENT, NON-PERMEABLE FABRICS AND METHOD OF DISPOSAL THEREOF Background of the Invention I. Field of the Invention: The present invention relates to the field of fabrics and, particularly, to articles which are absorbent to liquids, yet not completely permeable to liquids.

II. Background of the Invention: Hospital patient care generates considerable quantities of infectious medical waste in primary and acute care facilities. Such facilities have a need to provide various textile products to be used by physicians and other professionals, as well as for bedding, draperies, towels, and similar items.

At one time, virtually all textiles used in such environments were reusable.

Reusable textiles were primarily made from woven fabrics of yarns and the yarns were composed of cotton or other natural fibers. However, synthetics were later developed which included fibers such as nylon and polyester. These synthetics were primarily spun from staple fibers and very little texturized synthetic filaments were in use at that time.

Approximately thirty years ago, disposable garments, covers, linens and drapes were introduced to the medical environment. When compared to the reusable garments, the disposables offered many cost- and time-saving features. For instance, hospitals were able to reduce or entirely eliminate their laundry facilities and the hospital had, for the first time, garments that exhibited significant barrier protection. Barrier protection WO 98/16166 PCTIUS96/16249 2 is important in hospitals to prevent unwanted contact of the wearer to harmful liquids, infections agents, and other bodily fluids.

Another significant drawback to reusable textiles was that they could not provide liquid barrier capabilities, especially after only a few laundry cycles. However, the average lifetime of a hospital reusable was approximately 18 laundry cycles.

Current disposables are generally non-woven in composition. For instance, carded stock is often chemically bonded into fabrics. Such carded webs are treated with adhesives or bonding agents and are then calendared to form "paper-light" materials. Carded webs have recently been replaced by thermobond materials, which have a softer "hand," but which have reduced cross-directional strength.

Further current disposables are produced from air-entangled and hydroentangled fibers which produce suitable fabrics. Such non-wovens are composed mostly of polypropylene fibers or from a polyester staple with cellulose wood pulp. These hydroentangled webs display the most textile-like hand, as well as a high degree of dimensional or cross-directional strength. Non-wovens of this class, such as SONTARA® by Du Pont, are widely accepted for use in medical gowns and drapes.

Recently, the medical industry has begun reverting to the use of reusable items.

This trend arose because the disposable items produced significant infectious waste products. Originally, disposables were favored because they promoted anti-septic patient contact and decreased the potential for cross-infections between patients, a significant problem with cleanable, reusable textiles. However, various federal and state regulations have subsequently reclassified much of the disposable product as "infectious," thereby making desirable the minimization of their use.

An average hospital patient produces 55 lbs. of medical waste per day.

Approximately 20 of that waste is classified as "infectious." The American Hospital or splashed liquids, the liquids are quite capable of permeating the textile and thereby recontacting the patient or the medical worker.

U.S. Patent 5,207,837 discloses a method of disposing garments made from a thermoplastic PVA polymer after use. U.S. Patent No. 3,809,077 discloses a three layer surgical drape in which a thermoplastic film is sandwiched between two absorbent layers of fabric.

The invention herein solves the drawbacks of the prior art by providing a textile suitable for use in the medical environment, such as for use as a gown or a drape, which is capable of absorbing harmful liquids yet preventing contact of the liquids with a patient or worker. Moreover, the invention, in another embodiment, provides such a textile which can be disposed of without additional risk of contamination or reinfection.

In addition, the invention provides a textile disposal process that does not require the article to be introduced to a landfill, where it would be environmentally detrimental as well as potentially infectious. The invention also provides an alternative textile in which these desirable capabilities are provided for in a unitary, one piece, nonlaminated article.

Summary of the Invention The present invention provides an article comprising a fabric layer permeable to first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid, wherein the coating substantially penetrates into the first side of the fabric, layer, thereby forming a first liquid proof first side. In a further embodiment, the fabric layer is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold. In a further embodiment, the article is a surgical fabric. In yet a further embodiment, the article is a surgical drape. In a further embodiment, the fabric layer dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 OC.

AMrN-D SEE ~h Sa In an alternative embodiment, the article further comprises a plastic layer having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the plastic layer faces the first side of the fabric layer.

S TD HET WO 98/16166 PCT/US96/16249 4 or splashed liquids, the liquids are quite capable of permeating the textile and thereby recontacting the patient or the medical worker.

Summary of the Invention The present invention provides an article comprising a fabric layer permeable to a first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid, wherein the coating substantially penetrates into the first side of the fabric layer, thereby forming a first liquid proof first side. In a further embodiment, the fabric layer is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold. In a further embodiment, the article is a surgical fabric. In yet a further embodiment, the article is a surgical drape. In a further embodiment, the fabric layer dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 'C.

In an alternative embodiment, the article further comprises a plastic layer having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the plastic layer faces the first side of the fabric layer.

WO 98/16166 PCT/US96/16249 In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides an article comprising a first fabric layer permeable to a first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the first fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid, wherein the coating substantially penetrates into the first side of the first fabric layer, thereby forming a first liquid proof first side of the first fabric layer, and a second fabric layer permeable to the first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the second fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid, wherein the coating substantially penetrates into the first side of the second fabric layer, thereby forming a first liquid proof first side of the second fabric layer, whereby the first liquid proof first side of the first fabric layer faces the first liquid proof first side of the second fabric layer. In another embodiment, the first and second fabric layers are soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold. In a further embodiment, the article is a surgical fabric. In yet a further embodiment, the article is a surgical drape. In a further embodiment, the fabric layer dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 oC.

In a further embodiment, at least one plastic layer is disposed between the first liquid proof side of the first fabric layer and the first liquid proof side of the second fabric layer. In a further embodiment, the first and second fabric layers are soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of disposing of the articles of the invention, wherein the fabric layer is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold, comprising contacting the article with a sufficiently hot second liquid for a sufficient period of time to disperse or dissolve substantially the article.

WO 98/16166 PCT/US96/16249 6 Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the Figures.

Before the present methods and apparatuses are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

WO 98/16166 PCT/US9616249 7 Throughout this application, where publications are referenced, the disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.

As used herein, the term "fabric layer" refers to a woven or non-woven fabric material suitable for producing textile-like articles. One or more layers of the fabric may comprise a "fabric layer".

As used herein, the term "permeable" refers to the ability of a particular article or item to permit fluids, such as liquids, to pass therethrough or to penetrate therein.

As used herein, the term "liquid" refers to fluids such as water, blood, and urine.

As used herein, the term "coating" refers to a distinct portion of a surface having the stated properties. The "coating" may be contiguous with the substrate or may comprise a separate layer affixed thereto.

As used herein, the term "repellent", when used in connection with a coating, describes the ability of the coating to resist, at least partially, permeation or penetration by the specified fluid. Hence, a "water repellent" article resists water from permeating the article.

As used herein, the term "substantially penetrates" refers to the extent to which the stated material has integrated into the specified substrate. Substantial penetration, as used herein, involves a penetration into the item of from about 10 to about 90 more preferably 20 to 80 most preferably about 50 of the thickness of the item.

WO 98/16166 PCT/US96/16249 8 As used herein, the term "dispersable" refers to an item which may or may not dissolve completely in the stated fluid, such as a liquid, but does structurally fragment or break apart in the presence of the fluid.

As used herein, the term "hot" is used to refer to temperatures above about body temperature, or 37 C. More preferably, "hot" refers to temperatures above 40 C, more preferably to temperatures above 45 even more preferably to temperatures above C, even more preferably to temperatures above 75 and most preferably to temperatures above 90 Similarly, "cold" is used to refer to temperatures below about body temperature, or 37 More preferably, "cold" refers to temperatures below 30 more preferably to temperatures below 25 C, and even more preferably to temperatures below 20 C.

As used herein, the term "surgical fabric" refers to a textile like woven or nonwoven article suitable for use in an operating room. Such fabrics include, but are not limited to gowns, drapes, and masks. Thus, a "surgical drape" is one type of "surgical fabric." As used herein, especially with respect to drapes, the term "operating aperture" refers to an opening cut through one of the articles of the invention so as to permit a surgical or other procedure to be performed through the opening.

As used herein with respect to various layers of the article, the terms "face", "facing" and "faces" refer to two or more layers that are positioned adjacent to one another with the indicated sides directed toward one another. Facing layers need not be in contact and may, optionally, have further matter disposed therebetween.

As used herein, the term "laminated" refers to the process of producing an article by accumulating layers of specified materials.

WO 98/16166 PCTfS96/16249 9 As used herein, the term "adhered" refers to temporary or permanent affixation of the specified items. Adherence may occur with or without additional materials such as adhesives. Suitable adhesives, where used, include glues and the like.

The present invention therefore provides, in one embodiment, an article comprising a fabric layer permeable to a first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid, wherein the coating substantially penetrates into the first side of the fabric layer, thereby forming a first liquid proof first side.

In an alternative embodiment, the fluid impermeability of the article is further ensured by providing a plastic layer having a first side and an opposed second side.

The plastic layer is oriented with respect to the fabric layer such that the first side of the plastic layer faces the first side of the fabric layer. In one embodiment, the plastic layer comprises any polymer having a melting temperature below 100 Suitable polymers include, but are not limited to, polycaprolactone or poly(vinyl) alcohol. Moreover, the polymer is preferably biodegradable, but non-biodegradable polymers are also suitable.

Such non-biodegradable polymers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene and polyolefin copolymer, polyethylene and polymethylacrylate copolymer, and polyethylene polyesters.

In still a further embodiment, the fabric layer and the plastic layer are laminated.

Alternatively, the fabric layer and the plastic layer may adhered together with an adhesive. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that there are numerous suitable adhesives that could be used, such as, but not limited to, a glue.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides an article comprising a first fabric layer permeable to a first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side. The first side of the first fabric layer is further coated with a coating repellent to the first liquid. Preferably, the coating substantially penetrates into the first WO 98/16166 PCT/US96/16249 side of the first fabric layer. The coated, penetrated first fabric layer thereby forms a first liquid proof first side of the first fabric layer. In addition, the article also comprises a second fabric layer permeable to the first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side. The first side of the second fabric layer also has a coating repellent to the first liquid placed thereon. This coating also substantially penetrates into the first side of the second fabric layer and forms a first liquid proof first side of the second fabric layer. The article is formed such that the first liquid proof first side of the first fabric layer faces the first liquid proof first side of the second fabric layer. In the fashion a particularly preferable article'is formed such that the article can absorb contaminants emanating from the environment and from the patient or wearer, yet the article is capable of preventing the contaminants from passing through the article and becoming a further hazard.

In a preferred embodiment, the first and second fabric layers are soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold. In a preferred embodiment, the first liquid is water. In another preferred embodiment, the second liquid is water. In one embodiment, the article is a surgical fabric, such as a surgical drape. In another embodiment, the fabric layer of the drape has a portion cut therefrom, thereby defining an operating aperture of the drape.

In yet another embodiment, the article also has at least one plastic layer disposed between the first liquid proof side of the first fabric layer and the first liquid proof side of the second fabric layer. Thus, the plastic layer may be comprised of a single layer of plastic, or, alternatively, may be comprised of two or more plastic layers adjacent to one another. For instance, the article could be made from two of the articles of Figure 1, joined at their plastic layer sides. The "total thickness" of the at least one plastic layer refers to the cumulative thickness of all of the plastic layers. The plastic layer is preferably of from 1 to 2 mils in thickness. This article provides an enhanced fluid barrier between the first and second sides of the article. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one plastic layer is adhered to both the first liquid proof side of As noted above, because of the desirability of disposing of the articles, preferred articles include surgical fabrics and surgical drapes. For surgical drapes, the fabric layer of the drape can, optionally, have a portion cut therefrom. This opening defines an operating aperture on the drape.

In further embodiments of the articles, the fabric layer has a density of from to about 120 g/n1 2 more preferably of from 40 to about 100 g/m 2 even more preferably from about 60 to about 80 g/m 2 and most preferably about 70 g/m 2 In yet another embodiment, the fabric layer has a thickness of from about 0.02 mils to about 60 mils.

In yet other embodiments, the fabric layer dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 more preferably only at a temperature above 40 still more preferably only at a temperature above 45 even more preferably only at a temperature above 50 even more preferably only at a temperature above 75 and" most preferably only at a temperature above 90 °C.

In one embodiment, the fabric comprises poly(vinyl) alcohol. In a preferred embodiment, the poly(vinyl) alcohol is a greater than 95% saponified poly vinyl acetate, more preferably greater than 98% saponified poly vinyl acetate, even more preferably greater than 99% saponified poly vinyl acetate, and even more preferably is greater than 99.99% saponified poly vinyl acetate. The fabric layer is an absorbent material so that the liquid can be absorbed quickly without spillage onto the patient's body. Suitable hot liquid soluble, cold liquid insoluble materials, such as poly vinyl alcohol materials, are described in detail in U.S. Patents No. 5,181,966. 5,181,967, and 5,207,837. Other suitable materials for forming the fabric have been listed above with respect to the plastic layer.

In addition to these articles, the present invention also provides a disposal method applicable to the articles. In particular, the present invention provides a method 2C S-'Et WO 98/16166 PCT/US96/16249 12 As noted above, because of the desirability of disposing of the articles, preferred articles include surgical fabrics and surgical drapes. For surgical drapes, the fabric layer of the drape can, optionally, have a portion cut therefrom. This opening defines an operating aperture on the drape.

In further embodiments of the articles, the fabric layer has a density of from to about 120 g/m 2 more preferably of from 40 to about 100 g/m 2 even more preferably from about 60 to about 80 g/m 2 and most preferably about 70 g/m 2 In yet another embodiment, the fabric layer has a thickness of from about 0.02 mils to about 60 mils.

In yet other embodiments, the fabric layer dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 C, more preferably only at a temperature above 40 C, still more preferably only at a temperature above 45 C, even more preferably only at a temperature above 50 even more preferably only at a temperature above 75 and most preferably only at a temperature above 90 "C.

In one embodiment, the fabric comprises poly(vinyl) alcohol. In a preferred embodiment, the poly(vinyl) alcohol is a greater than 95% saponified poly vinyl acetate, more preferably greater than 98% saponified poly vinyl acetate, even more preferably greater than 99% saponified poly vinyl acetate, and even more preferably is greater than 99.99% saponified poly vinyl acetate. The fabric layer is an absorbent material so that the liquid can be absorbed quickly without spillage onto the patient's body. Suitable hot liquid soluble, cold liquid insoluble materials, such as poly vinyl alcohol materials, are described in detail in U.S. Patents No. 5,181,966, 5,181,967, and 5,207,837, the contents ofwhich are hereby incorporated by this reference. Other suitable materials for forming the fabric have been listed above with respect to the plastic layer.

In addition to these articles, the present invention also provides a disposal method applicable to the articles. In particular, the present invention provides a method WO 98/16166 PCT/US96/16249 13 of disposing of the articles of the invention, especially where the fabric layer is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold. The method involves contacting the article with a sufficiently hot second liquid for a sufficient period of time to disperse or dissolve substantially the article. Thus, if the second liquid is water and the sufficient heat is 90 then boiling the article in water (at 100 would thereby disperse or dissolve substantially the article. In one embodiment, the method is used to dispose of a surgical fabric such as a surgical drape. In a preferred embodiment, the articles to be disposed are introduced into a washing machine and are agitated in hot water for a period of time sufficient to effect disposal. Preferably, the hot water is of a temperature of at least 50 more preferably at least 90 and even more preferably at least 95 In addition, the period of time in the machine is from about 2 minutes to about 40 minutes, and more preferably is from about 10 to about 30 minutes. Depending upon the composition of the article, the runoff from the machine may be released to the sewage system (if all biodegradable) or the insoluble or non-biodegradable components may be reclaimed via filtration or dehydration or other known separating processes.

Moreover, the present invention provides the above-described articles, wherein the coating penetrates into the first side of the fabric layer from 10 to 90 of the thickness of the fabric layer.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the coating comprises a fluorocarbon and a wax. Suitable waxes and fluorocarbons include, but are not limited -to, paraffin waxes and perfluorinated polyacrylate copolymers. One method of finishing the article is to contact the article with a finishing composition having the following ingredients: Ingredient Percent (by weig ht) 1. Pigments 0.01 to 1.0 (optional) Such as phthalocyanine pigment (blue) (Sandoz) and 3,3'dichlorobenzidine derivatives (yellow) (Sandoz)] WO 98/16166 PCTIUS96/16249 14 2. Wax emulsion 2 to 50 [10 paraffin wax, 10 melamine resin, 80 water] 3. Fluorochemical 2 50 [perfluorinated polyacrylate copolymer] 4. Binder 0.01 to 30.0 [(optional, use if pigments were employed) polyvinyl alcohol solution of hot water soluble binders] Foaming agent 0.01 to 30.0 [surfactant, preferably of a class that is decomposed by heating during curing] 6. Water Remainder to 100 This composition provides for a wet pick-up of preferably 25 but wet pickup values from 0 to 200 may be suitable depending upon the particular application, and is applied to one side of the fabric layer, penetrating from about 10 to about 90 more preferably 20 to about 80 and most preferably about 50 of the thickness of the layer, as described elsewhere herein. One device suitable for the application of the finishing composition is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,655,056, the contents of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by this reference.

Four of the preferred embodiments are set forth in Figures 1-4. Figure 1 is a fabric having a waterproof layer on one side. The waterproof layer is the side that is placed closest to the patient's body. Figure 2 shows two articles of Figure 1 joined together at the waterproof layer. This allows the drape to be placed on the patient on either side of the drape. The embodiment shown in Figure 3 is the same as the embodiment shown in Figure 1, except a plastic film or sheet layer is attached to the waterproof layer. The plastic serves as an additional waterproof layer and/or a reenforcement layer. Finally, Figure 4 shows the same embodiment as Figure 2, except that a plastic layer is inserted between the two waterproof layers.

Without any intention to limit the scope of this invention in any way, the article shown in Figure 1 is preferably, but not exclusively, intended for minor surgery. The article absorbs fluids contacting the top surfaces, yet keeps the bottom of the fabric dry.

The article shown in Figure 2 is also intended for minor surgery. The article absorbs fluids from the top, the treated middle layer keeps fluids from penetrating all the way WO 98/16166 PCTIUS96/16249 through the article. The article also absorbs fluid from the bottom. The article shown in Figure 3 is intended for major surgery. The additional plastic layer further provides a fluid barrier. Finally, the article shown in Figure 4 is also intended for major surgery.

As with the article shown in Figure 2, this article provides for absorption of fluids from both sides of the surgical fabric.

Generally, the articles of the present invention are made as follows. A chosen amount of the polymer fibers are formed into a fabric layer of about 0.02 to 30 mil thickness or having a density of about 10-100 g/m 2 The above-specified finishing composition is applied to the fabric layer, on one side only, using through foaming application or by printing application. In this fashion, the finishing composition does not penetrate through to the opposite side of the fabric, but instead only partially penetrates the layer. Preferably, the finishing composition penetrates from 10 to 90 of the thickness of the fabric layer, more preferably from 20 to 80 of the thickness, and most preferably about 50 of the thickness of the layer. This article is shown in Figure 1.

The article shown in Figure 2 is, generally, made as follows. Two of the articles of Figure 1 may affixed, either by lamination or by using an adhesive, together at their repellent sides to form the article of Figure 2.

The article shown in Figure 3 is, generally, made as follows. The abovedescribed article (Figure 1) is further processed in that one or more plastic layers are affixed to the article using either a laminating machine or simply by using an adhesive, such as a glue.

The article shown in Figure 4 is, generally, made by one of two processes.

First, an article of Figure 1 and an article of Figure 3 may be affixed together either by lamination or by using an adhesive. Specifically, the repellent side of the article of Figure 1 is affixed to the plastic layer(s) of the article of Figure 3. Alternatively, two of A sample roll of the article shown in Figure 1 was prepared. Cross-directional and machine-directional tensile strength was measured and was, on average, respectively, 65.9 and 45.5 N/50 mm. In addition, elongation (at break) of the article was tested in the cross-directional and machine directional direction and was, on average, found to be 16.5 and 8.4 respectively. In addition, water repellency was measured using a Mullen Burst test and occurred at 2.0397 k/cmn (29.0 psi). Crossdirectional and machine-directional Elmendorf tear measurements were found to be 851 and 1572, respectively. The weight of the representative sample was 62.2 g/m 2 Repellency was further evaluated using the Water Impact Penetration Test (AATCC Test 42)-and was found to average 0.7. Finally, repellency was measured by a Hydrostatic Pressure test and a mean reading of 21.9 cm was measured.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and S'variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope of the invention being indicated by the following ::claims.

Throughout the specification and claims, the words "comprise", "comprises" and "comprising" are used in a non-exclusive sense.

oo:ZET -7111 1

Claims

1. An article comprising a fabric layer permeable to a first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid and penetrating into the first side of the fabric layer to form a first liquid proof first side, and wherein the fabric layer is made from a material that is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold. S2. The article of Claim 1, wherein the first liquid is water.

3. The article of Claim 1, wherein the second liquid is water.

4. The article of Claim 1, wherein the article is a surgical fabric. ee.• The article of Claim 1, wherein the article is a surgical drape. 00@0

6. The article of Claim 5, wherein the fabric layer of the drape has a portion cut therefrom, thereby defining an operating aperture of the drape.

7. The article of Claim 1, wherein the fabric layer has a thickness of from 0.02 to about 60 mils.

8. The article of Claim 1, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 'C.

9. The article of Claim 1, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 40 'C. 18 The article of Claim 1, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 45 °C.

11. The article of Claim 1, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 50 °C.

12. The article of Claim 1, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 75 °C.

13. The article of Claim 1, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 90 °C.

14. The article of Claim 1, wherein the fabric comprises poly(vinyl) alcohol. The article of Claim 14, wherein the poly(vinyl) alcohol is a greater than saponified poly vinyl acetate.

16. The article of Claim 1, further comprising a plastic layer having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the plastic layer faces the first side of the fabric layer. fee.* 17. The article of Claim 16, wherein the plastic layer comprises poly(vinyl) alcohol or polycaprolactone copolymer.

18. The article of Claim 16, wherein the fabric layer and the plastic layer are laminated.

19. The article of Claim 16, wherein the fabric layer and the plastic layer are adhered together with an adhesive. The article of Claim 9, wherein the adhesive is a glue. 19

21. The article of Claim 16, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold.

22. The article of Claim 16, wherein the first liquid is water.

23. The article of Claim 21, wherein the second liquid is water.

24. The article of Claim 16, wherein the article is a surgical fabric.

25. The article of Claim 16, wherein the article is a surgical drape. 0:

26. The article of Claim 25, wherein the fabric layer of the drape has a portion cut 500 therefrom, thereby defining an operating aperture of the drape.

27. The article of Claim 16, wherein each fabric layer has a thickness of from about 0.02 mils to about 60 mils.

28. The article of Claim 21, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 °C.

29. The article of Claim 21, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 40 °C. The article of Claim 21, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 45 °C.

31. The article of Claim 21, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 50 °C.

32. The article of Claim 21, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 75 °C. 20

33. The article of Claim 21, wherein the material from which the fabric layer is made dissolves in the second liquid only at a temperature above 90 °C.

34. The article of Claim 16, wherein the fabric comprises poly(vinyl) alcohol. The article of Claim 34, wherein the poly(vinyl) alcohol is a greater than saponified poly vinyl acetate.

36. An article comprising: a) a first fabric layer permeable to a first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the first fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid substantially penetrating into the first side of the first fabric layer, thereby forming a first liquid proof first side of the first fabric layer; and b) a second fabric layer permeable to the first liquid and having a first side and an opposed second side, wherein the first side of the second fabric layer further comprises a coating repellent to the first liquid substantially penetrating into the first side of the second fabric layer, thereby forming a first liquid proof first side of the second fabric layer, whereby the first liquid proof first side of the first fabric layer faces the first liquid proof first side of the second fabric layer, and wherein the first and second fabric layers are made from material that is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when.the second liquid is cold..

37. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first liquid is water.

38. The article of Claim 36, wherein the second liquid is water.

39. The article of Claim 36, wherein the article is a surgical fabric. The article of Claim 36, wherein the article is a surgical drape. 21

41. The article of Claim 40, wherein the first and second fabric layers of the drape have a portion cut therefrom, thereby defining an operating aperture of the drape.

42. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second fabric layers have, independently, a thickness of from 0.02 to 60 mils.

43. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second material from which the fabric layer is mades dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 C.

44. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second material from which the fabric layer is mades dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above oC. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second material from which the fabric layer is mades dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above 45 OC.

46. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second material from which the fabric layer is mades dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above oC.

47. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second material from which the fabric layer is mades dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above oC.

48. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second material from which the fabric layer is mades dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above OC. °C. 22

49. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first and second fabric layers comprise, independently, poly(vinyl) alcohol. The article of Claim 49, wherein the poly(vinyl) alcohol is a greater than saponified poly vinyl acetate.

51. The article of Claim 36, wherein the first fabric layer is adhered to the second fabric layer.

52. The article of Claim 36, further comprising at least one plastic layer disposed between the first liquid proof side of the first fabric layer and the first liquid proof side of the second fabric layer.

53. The article of Claim 52, wherein the at least one plastic layer is adhered to both the first liquid proof side of the first fabric layer and the first liquid proof side of the second fabric layer.

54. The article of Claim 52, wherein the material from which the first and second S. fabric layers are made is soluble in a second liquid when the second liquid is hot and insoluble in the second liquid when the second liquid is cold. The article of Claim 52, wherein the first liquid is water.

56. The article of Claim 54, wherein the second liquid is water.

57. The article of Claim 52, wherein the article is a surgical fabric.

58. The article of Claim 52, wherein the article is a surgical drape.

59. The article of Claim 58, wherein the first and second fabric layers of the drape have a portion cut therefrom, thereby defining an operating aperture of the drape. 23 The article of Claim 52, wherein the first and second fabric layers have, independently, a thickness of from 0.02 to 60 mils and the at least one plastic layer has a thickness of from 1 to 2 mils.

61. The article of Claim 54, wherein the first and second fabric layers dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above 37 °C.

62. The article of Claim 54, wherein the first and second fabric layers dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above 40 °C.

63. The article of Claim 54, wherein the first and second fabric layers dissolve in 63.. \the second liquid only at a temperature above 45 °C. *0*0

64. The article of Claim 54, wherein the first and second fabric layers dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above 50 °C. *65. The article of Claim 54, wherein the first and second fabric layers dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above 75 °C.

66. The article of Claim 54, wherein the first and second fabric layers dissolve in the second liquid only at a temperature above 90 °C.

67. The article of Claim 52, wherein the first and second fabric layers comprise, independently, poly(vinyl) alcohol.

68. The article of Claim 67, wherein the poly(vinyl) alcohol is a greater than saponified poly vinyl acetate.

69. A method of disposing of the article of Claim 1, comprising contacting the article with a sufficiently hot second liquid for a sufficient period of time to disperse or dissolve substantially the article. 24 The method of Claim 69, wherein the article is a surgical drape.

71. The article of Claim 1, wherein the coating penetrates into the first side of the fabric layer from 10 to 90 of the thickness of the fabric layer.

72. The article of Claim 1, wherein the coating comprises a fluorocarbon and a wax.

73. A method of disposing of the article of Claim 16, comprising contacting the article with a sufficiently hot second liquid for a sufficient period of time to disperse or dissolve substantially the article.

74. A method of disposing of the article of Claim 36, comprising contacting the article with a sufficiently hot second liquid for a sufficient period of time to Sm disperse or dissolve substantially the article. A method of disposing of the article of Claim 52, comprising contacting the article with a sufficiently hot second liquid for a sufficient period of time to disperse or dissolve substantially the article.

76. The article of Claim 1, wherein the coating penetrates into the first side of the fabric layer from 10 to 90 of the thickness of the fabric layer.

77. The article of Claim 1, wherein the coating comprises a fluorocarbon and a wax.

78. The article of Claim 16, wherein the coating penetrates into the first side of the fabric layer from 10 to 90 of the thickness of the fabric layer.

79. The article of Claim 16, wherein the coating comprises a fluorocarbon and a wax. The article of Claim 36, wherein the coating penetrates into the first side of the _fabric layer from 10 to 90 of the thickness of the fabric layer. 25

81. The article of Claim 36, wherein the coating comprises a fluorocarbon and a wax.

82. The article of Claim 52, wherein the coating penetrates into the first side of the fabric layer from 10 to 90 of the thickness of the fabric layer.

83. The article of Claim 52, wherein the coating comprises a fluorocarbon and a wax. Sr Dated this 30th day of June 1999 ISOLYSER COMPANY, INCORPORATED By their Patent Attorneys GRIFFITH HACK 6O Fellows Institute of Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys of Australia *0 eve* 00* *0 S 50