AU629555B2 - Flash barrier operating through a wire insulator - Google Patents
Flash barrier operating through a wire insulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU629555B2 AU629555B2 AU37109/89A AU3710989A AU629555B2 AU 629555 B2 AU629555 B2 AU 629555B2 AU 37109/89 A AU37109/89 A AU 37109/89A AU 3710989 A AU3710989 A AU 3710989A AU 629555 B2 AU629555 B2 AU 629555B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- jaws
- surge arrester
- pair
- surge
- wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001482237 Pica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G7/00—Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/14—Arcing horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
- H01R4/2404—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having teeth, prongs, pins or needles penetrating the insulation
- H01R4/2408—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members having teeth, prongs, pins or needles penetrating the insulation actuated by clamping screws
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
- H01R11/12—End pieces terminating in an eye, hook, or fork
- H01R11/14—End pieces terminating in an eye, hook, or fork the hook being adapted for hanging on overhead or other suspended lines, e.g. hot line clamp
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
- H01R4/38—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a clamping member acted on by screw or nut
- H01R4/44—Clamping areas on both sides of screw
Landscapes
- Insulators (AREA)
- Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
- Magnetic Heads (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a spark protection device for insulated conductors, particularly for overhead lines, having a housing consisting of a base part (5) and a cover part (6) which are clamped to one another by means of clamping elements (15) and which housing has fast jaws (7, 8) between which the conductor to be protected is clamped. At least one jaw is provided with teeth (9, 10) whose length corresponds at least to the thickness of the insulation of the conductor to be protected. Between a second pair of jaws (11; 12, 13) there is arranged a spark arrester horn (2) which extends away from the spark protection device and whose distance from the conductor to be protected is adequate to keep an electrical spark away from the wire. <IMAGE>
Description
P/00/Oi1 PATENTS ACT 1952-1973Fom1 COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Class: Int. CI: Application Number: Lodged: o 0 SComplete Specification-Lodged: *00 Accepted: Published: "Piriority: 00 Related Art: o 0 00 O 0 TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT 00Name of Applicant: QY SEKKO AB, a Finnish joint stock comapany, of Kipinatie 1, SF-06100 Porvoo, Finland.
0 0::Address of Applicant: Actual Inventor: HARRI TURUNEN AND HANNU TEIRIKANGAS.
Address for Service: PATVNT .2 'A 2 ATTMI .'XYS MELBOURN\E, 30014, AUS3TRALIA Complete Specification for the invention entitled: "FLASH BARRIER OPERATING THROUGH A WIRE INSULATOR" The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:- *Note: The description is to be typed in double spacing. pica typ face, in an area net exceeding 250 mm in depth and 160 mm in width, on tough white paper of good quality and it is to be inserted inside this form.
11 710/76-L CJ. Tw9om~. CommcewealthGovmntprirnta. Canbm COWIE, CARTER HENDY Patent Attorneys 71 Queens Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia 2 This invention relates to surge arresters operating through a wire insulator.
Ever increasing demands are set on the reliability of power supply and transmission. A medium-voltage system is perhaps the most vulnerable nowadays; fallen trees, loads of snow and ice, as well as climatic overvoltages.
In order to improve operation reliability, partially insulated overhead high-voltage lines (OESI-lines) have been developed for medium voltage 20kV). These lines make it possible to obtain shorter phase intervals as compared to overhead naked wires and, thus, increased energy density. Insulated wires also permit shorter distances between buildings, trees and the like which leads to more economic constructions.
15 Climatic overvoltages cause damage on overhead coated wires. Even short-term electric arcs (a few kA) are sufficient to cause line damage on coated wires. This cannot be prevented by setting relay release times but surge protection must be achieved some other way.
S 20 Surge protection must be provided on such locations (populated areas, crossings etc.) where breaking of a wire may be hazardous to environment and people. Surge protection must also be employed at locations where overvoltage is likely to occur.
Nowadays the surge arresters are fitted to one or both ends of a stripped wire section at a wire attachment point on every conductor.
psspe24/7466sekko.res 92 2 ar ti actual inventors o tnl invention anu tne iacts upon wnicni ie appicant is entiricu tu I..Kv- tim application arc as follows:- The said company is the assignee of the invention from the said actual inventor.
DECLARED AT this th da..v. _8opril 1989 3 The surge arrester horn adds mass to a wire at the critical terminal point of an electric arc and the damage caused by an electric arc will be directed to a surge arrester horn instead of the actual wire or conductor.
Every time the coating is stripped off a wire (for fitting, a contact terminal, temporary earth, a naked joint etc.), the transition point between a naked wire and a coating facing the load must be protected with surge arrester horn.
The size of a surge arrester must be selected according to the short-circuit current of a network (a section of the mains).
At the time of installation, the available surge arresters require that the hard and thick PEX-insulation be removed. The insulation must be removed over a long 15 distance when a wire is attached e.g. on support insulators. The same must be done at all junctions.
Especially in cold weather this is a very difficult and expensive procedure. In regions with an obvious hazard of S. climatic corrosion, such as coastal regions, industrial .o 20 climate etc., the removal of a wire insulator always means that the line is exposed to more corrosion.
An object of this invention is to provide a novel type of surge arrester the use of which facilitates and secures a safe power supply on insulated overhead wires.
According to the invention there is provided a surge arrester for protecting an insulated wire and operating through a covering insulation of the wire, said surge 0 arrester comprising: LI 4 IC II L C I S C 4 a body and a press section connected to each other by at least one clamping screw and having a plurality of pairs of jaws, a first pair of said jaws provided with teeth having a length at least the thickness of the covering insulation of the wire to be protected; and a surge arrester horn provided with at least one bend whereby the at least one clamping screw clamps said first pair of jaws around said insulated wire to be protected such that the teeth penetrate the covering insulation, and also clamps a second pair of said jaws around the surge arrester horn such that the length of the surge arrester horn following the bend extends away from the wire to be protected so that the surge arrester directs an electric arc away from the wire to be protected.
One embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference made to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 illustrates the use of a surge arrester; Figure 2 shows a surge arrester of the invention in a perspective view; Figure 3 shows the surge arrester of Figure 2 in an end (axial) view; Figure 4 shows the same surge arrester in a side view; and Figure 5 shows the same surge arrester in a plan view.
Figure 1 illustrates two surge arresters 1 fastened to an insulator-coated overhead line to be protected, said line being secured with a binding wire to a support insulator, which in turn is carried by a metal cross-arm 4.
In the present case, in which power supply can presumably be effected in both directions, the surge arresters 1 are connected to each other with an aluminium conductor wire 3.
Surge arrester horns 2 extend obliquely downward from a line to be protected. For example, an electric arc created by a lightning-induced surge discharges from the tip of horn 2 to cross-arm 4 or between phases from tip of horn to tip of horn. If the line has just one direction of power supply, surge arresters 1 are only needed on that side of a support insulator which is downstream of the support insulator in the direction of power supply.
4 The following is a more detailed description of the t 4 4 design of a surge arrester. A body section 5 and a press section 6 are connected to each other with two clamping screws 15 that can be screwed for urging press section 6
C
towards body section 5. Body section 5 is provided with a jaw 7 and press section 6 is provided with a counter-jaw 8.
•4 A wire or conductor to be protected can be compressed 20 between jaws 7, 8. In order to provide a metal contact with an insulated wire through its insulation without stripping off the insulation, said jaws 7 and 8 are fitted with teeth 9 and 10 having at least a length which matches the insulation thickness of a wire to be protected. It is obvious that the same result can be achieved by providing just one of the jaws 7 or 8 with teeth.
Body section 5 and press section 6 are provided psspe24/7466sekko.res 92 2 6 respectively with jaws 11 and 12 on the other side of the axial plane of clamping screws 15. Between jaws 11, 12 there is an intermediate jaw 13 which is pre-biased by means of a spring 14 against jaw 11 of body 5. A surge arrester horn 2 is disposed between body jaw 11 and intermediate jaw 13, whereby it can be set in position and retained in position without falling off even when clamping screws 15 are untightened and press section 6 is in top position.
Between intermediate jaw 13 and press section jaw 12 there is formed a third pair of jaws, an arc conducting wire 3 being fixable between these latter jaws.
iI The surge arrester horn 2 is provided with a bend 16 having an angle of e.g. 45". The angle can vary within the St t i range of 30° 90°. The length of horn 2 downstream of bend 16 is dimensioned sufficient to withstand electric arc short circuits caused by overvoltage during the service 1* life of a wire. Said length following the bend is at least 80 mm, the length being preferably more than 180 mm. Surge arrester horn 2 can be provided with a plurality of bends.
What is essential is that the initial point of discharge '4I can be controlled to occur .t the tip of surge arrester horn 2 which is sufficiently far from the surge arrester itself and from a wire to be protected, so that the resulting electric arc does not damage the wire.
The construction of a surge arrester with its surge arrester horns is dimensioned to withstand the occurrence psspe24/7466sekko.res 92 2 7 of an electric arc (caused by a lightning) calculated for the service life of a wire.
A surge arrester of the invention can be used and applied as a temporary earthing requiring a wire, said surge arrester horn 2 serving as the connecting point for an earth electrode. Thus, even in this case, it is not necessary to effect a troublesome wire insulator removal for providing an earth point. In either case, there is no hazard of adding to the corrosion of wires, since the wire insulation is not removed. The grooves between teeth 9 and of jaws 7 and 8 can also be greased by using plenty of protective grease, so moisture cannot reach the wire. The surge arrester can also be fitted in a separate protective housing.
15 A surge arrester of the invention facilitates installation work, saves installation time and expenses.
The surge arrester operates reliably through a hard PEXinsulator and installation can be performed with normal *t*l tools.
i i a 1 psspe24/7466sekko.res 92 2
Claims (10)
1. A surge arrester for protecting an insulated wire and operating through a covering insulation of the wire, said surge arrester comprising: a body and a press section connected to each other by at least one clamping screw and having a plurality of pairs of jaws, a first pair of said jaws provided with teeth having a length at least the thickness of the covering insulation of the wire to be protected; and a surge arrester horn provided with at least one bend whereby the at least one clamping screw clamps said first pair of jaws around said insulated wire to be protected such that the teeth penetrate the covering insulation, and also clamps a second pair of said jaws around the surge t¢t 15 arrester horn such that the length of the surgc arrester horn following the bend extends away from the wire to be C protected whereby the surge arrester directs an electric arc away from the wire to be protected.
S2. A surge arrester as set forth in claim 1, characterised in that the surge arrester horn is provided with at least one bend having its bending angle within the range of 300 90' and the length following the bend being rC at least 80 mm.
3. A surge arrester as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said body and said press section are provided with a third pair of jaws for receiving an arc ii conducting wire therebetween, the one or plurality of Sclamping screws simultaneously clamping all of the pairs of -9 jaws.
4. A surge arrester as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that between said second pair of jaws there is an intermediate jaw which is pre-biased by a spring against one jaw of the second pair of jaws, whereby said surge arrester horn fits between said one jaw and said intermediate jaw.
A surge arrester as set forth in claim 4, characterised in that said intermediate jaw and the other jaw of the second pair of jaws form a third pair of jaws, an arc conducting wire is fixable between said third pair of jaws.
6. A surge arrester arrangement including two surge arresters as defined in claims 3 or 5 wherein said surge r 15 arresters are spatially attached to the same said wire to be protected by means of their respective first pair of jaws and an arc conducting wire is fixed between the third I: pair of jaws of one surge arrester and extends to the third pair of jaws of the other surge arrester. S 20
7. A surge arrester arrangement according to claim [e 6 wherein the respective surge arresters are located on -o opposite sides of a support pole to which the arc can
8. A surge arrester according to claim 6 or 7 wherein the surge arrester horns of the respective surge arresters extend away from each other.
9. A surge arrester substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
10 DATED this 6 August 1992 CARTER SMITH BEADLE Fellows Institute of Patent Attorneys of Australia Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: OY SEKKO AB
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI891267 | 1989-03-17 | ||
| FI891267A FI80169C (en) | 1989-03-17 | 1989-03-17 | Arc protection that works through the conductor insulation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU3710989A AU3710989A (en) | 1990-09-27 |
| AU629555B2 true AU629555B2 (en) | 1992-10-08 |
Family
ID=8528077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU37109/89A Ceased AU629555B2 (en) | 1989-03-17 | 1989-06-28 | Flash barrier operating through a wire insulator |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0387865B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2905222B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR940000094B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1020527C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE105655T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU629555B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59005660D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2055817T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI80169C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO173968C (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI96648B (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-04-15 | Sekko Ab Oy | Arc protection for coated medium voltage lines |
| AT1044U1 (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1996-09-25 | Mosdorfer Gmbh | SPARK PROTECTION DEVICE |
| FI99060C (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1997-09-25 | Sekko Ab Oy | Arc protector for a coated overhead line |
| GB2315166A (en) * | 1996-07-06 | 1998-01-21 | Ccl Systems Ltd | Arc protection clamping connector |
| FI101913B1 (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1998-09-15 | Sekko Ab Oy | Coupling suitable for voltage-free or voltage-free work, especially coupling for arc or overcurrent protection |
| FI121691B (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-28 | Ensto Finland Oy | Connection piece for coated overhead lines |
| FI121692B (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-28 | Ensto Finland Oy | Connection piece for coated overhead lines |
| CN104307613B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-10-05 | 机械工业第六设计研究院有限公司 | Crushing and screening integration conveyer device for the cold storing of resin wheel |
| CN105375136A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-02 | 国家电网公司 | Rapid connector for power cables |
| US10593446B2 (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2020-03-17 | Te Connectivity Corporation | Apparatus for providing an arc diverter for covered overhead conductors and related assemblies and methods |
| RU168539U1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2017-02-08 | Алексей Александрович Остапенко | BIRD PROTECTION DEVICE |
| CN106760881B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-11-02 | 国网山东省电力公司烟台供电公司 | A kind of electric force pole tower |
| CN108538524B (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2024-04-30 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Electrode insulation device for transformer neutral point lightning arrester test |
| RU191071U1 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-07-23 | Сергей Геннадьевич Тетнев | Cover for protecting power line pin insulators |
| RU191070U1 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-07-23 | Сергей Геннадьевич Тетнев | Protective cover for power line insulators |
| RU193763U1 (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-11-14 | Сергей Геннадьевич Тетнев | Poultry device for pendant power line insulator |
| EP4525233A1 (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2025-03-19 | Abb Schweiz Ag | A clip suitable for being used for mounting a conductor of a lightning protection to a structure provided with the lightning protection |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1260902A (en) * | 1968-05-17 | 1972-01-19 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Electrical connectors |
| EP0017048A1 (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1980-10-15 | Karl Pfisterer Elektrotechnische Spezialartikel GmbH & Co. KG | Fully insulated clamp for insulated conductors |
| FR2585192A1 (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-23 | Auxiliaire Appar Electric | Electrical connector intended for producing an electrical branch-off from a power cable formed from a conductor surrounded by an insulating jacket |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1513193A (en) * | 1923-04-10 | 1924-10-28 | Staton Harry | Combined cable clamp and lightning arrester |
| US1914394A (en) * | 1928-08-23 | 1933-06-20 | Ohio Brass Co | High potential transmission installation |
| US2560136A (en) * | 1948-05-21 | 1951-07-10 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Surge arrester for air lines |
| US2777096A (en) * | 1953-07-24 | 1957-01-08 | Allied Electric Products Inc | Lightning arrester |
-
1989
- 1989-03-17 FI FI891267A patent/FI80169C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-19 NO NO892527A patent/NO173968C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-28 AU AU37109/89A patent/AU629555B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-08-01 JP JP1200136A patent/JP2905222B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-19 CN CN89106687A patent/CN1020527C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-15 ES ES90104869T patent/ES2055817T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-15 DE DE59005660T patent/DE59005660D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-15 EP EP90104869A patent/EP0387865B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-15 AT AT9090104869T patent/ATE105655T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-16 KR KR1019900003531A patent/KR940000094B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1260902A (en) * | 1968-05-17 | 1972-01-19 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Electrical connectors |
| EP0017048A1 (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1980-10-15 | Karl Pfisterer Elektrotechnische Spezialartikel GmbH & Co. KG | Fully insulated clamp for insulated conductors |
| FR2585192A1 (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-23 | Auxiliaire Appar Electric | Electrical connector intended for producing an electrical branch-off from a power cable formed from a conductor surrounded by an insulating jacket |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE105655T1 (en) | 1994-05-15 |
| EP0387865B1 (en) | 1994-05-11 |
| AU3710989A (en) | 1990-09-27 |
| CN1020527C (en) | 1993-05-05 |
| ES2055817T3 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
| FI80169B (en) | 1989-12-29 |
| KR900015403A (en) | 1990-10-26 |
| NO892527D0 (en) | 1989-06-19 |
| FI891267A0 (en) | 1989-03-17 |
| JPH02273020A (en) | 1990-11-07 |
| KR940000094B1 (en) | 1994-01-05 |
| NO173968C (en) | 1994-02-23 |
| NO892527L (en) | 1990-09-18 |
| FI80169C (en) | 1990-04-10 |
| EP0387865A1 (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| CN1045664A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
| NO173968B (en) | 1993-11-15 |
| JP2905222B2 (en) | 1999-06-14 |
| DE59005660D1 (en) | 1994-06-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |