AU617675B2 - Cyclone separator having water-steam cooled walls - Google Patents
Cyclone separator having water-steam cooled walls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU617675B2 AU617675B2 AU18725/88A AU1872588A AU617675B2 AU 617675 B2 AU617675 B2 AU 617675B2 AU 18725/88 A AU18725/88 A AU 18725/88A AU 1872588 A AU1872588 A AU 1872588A AU 617675 B2 AU617675 B2 AU 617675B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- cylinder
- outer cylinder
- cyclone separator
- bent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001092040 Crataegus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009917 Crataegus X brevipes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013204 Crataegus X haemacarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009685 Crataegus X maligna Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009444 Crataegus X rubrocarnea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009486 Crataegus bullatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017181 Crataegus chrysocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009682 Crataegus limnophila Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000004423 Crataegus monogyna Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002313 Crataegus paludosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009840 Crataegus x incaedua Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001482237 Pica Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- LMHHRCOWPQNFTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-propan-2-yl azepane-1-carbothioate Chemical compound CC(C)SC(=O)N1CCCCCC1 LMHHRCOWPQNFTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/16—Sorting according to weight
- B07C5/18—Sorting according to weight using a single stationary weighing mechanism
- B07C5/20—Sorting according to weight using a single stationary weighing mechanism for separating articles of less than a predetermined weight from those of more than that weight
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
Description
NO ATTESTATION OR SLAL To: The Commissioner of Patents, Australia Z auel Signature~s) of declarantls).
Se r tar SANDERCOCK, SMITH BEADLE, P.O. Box 4,0, Hawthorn, 3122, Aus"Cralia cables: Sandpat Melbourne telex: 34491, Sandpat PATENTS ACT 1952 6 7 7 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICIE USE Short Title: Int. Cl: Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: 0 aLapsed: Published: riority: ,,Related Art: Nome of Appliccrnt: 0.0 0 Address of Applicant: Actual Inventor: Adldres-s for Svorvice: TO BE COCMPLETED BY APPLICANT FOSTER WHAEIER ENERGY CORPORATION PERRYVILLE CORPORATE PARK, CLINTON, NEW JERSEY 08809-4000, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BYRAM J. MAGOL, JOHN DjAVID FAY, MICHAEL G-iRKAWE SANDERCOCK, SMITH BEADYZE, 207 RIVERSOALE ROAD BOX 410), HAWTHORN. VICTORIA, 3122, AUSTRALIA.
Complete Specification for the;. invention 9entitled: CYCLONE SEPARATOR HAVING WATER-STEAM COOLED WALLS The following statemernt is a full description of this invenltion, including the best method of performing it known to me:- Note: The description is to be typed in double spacij~q, P10I type face, in an area not excWedng 250 mrr 'a depth and 1 mmt In wiidth, on tough white paper of good qtislity and It is to be Inserted Inside this fvrrm, 14lB/7-L tined y CL MOMPONActing Q~n.1monwealth Cvernmenit PrinteT, Canbrrs i r r "i 1 2 3 4 b 7 8* o. 9 01 10 1 1 13 1 t S17 18 S9 19 S 21 22 23 24 2513 26 14 4 0 a 15 9 0 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 n 2 This invention relates to a cyclone separator and,/ more particularly, to such a separator for separating solid fuel particles from gases discharged from a combustion system or the like.
Conventional cyclone separators are normally provided with monlithic external refractory wall which is abrasion resistant and insulative so that the outer casing runs relatively cool. Typically, these walls are formed by an insulative refractory material sandwiched between an inner hard refractory material and an outer metal casing. In order to achieve proper insulation, these layers must be relatively thick which adds to the bulk, and cost of the separator. Also, the outside metal casing of these designs cannot be further insulated from the outside since to do so could raise its temperature as high as 15000F which is far in excess of the maximum temperature it can tolerate.
Further, most conventional cyclone separators require relatively expensive, high temperature, refractory-lined ductwork and expansion joints between the reactor and the cyclone, and between the cyclone and the heat recovery section, which are fairly sophisticated and expensive. Still further, conventional separators formed in the above manner require a relatively long time to heat up before going online to eliminate premature cracking of the refractory walls, which is inconvenient and adds to the cost of the process. Also these type of conventional cyclone .eparators require a separate roof tube circuit which fuirther adds to the cost of the system.
T r -h F 1, 4: d t l K J'4" 88O7c\5,,!tbspe.Q26,foster.spe, r S tI T 3 The invention provides a cyclone separator comprising an inner cylinder; an outer cylinder extending around said inner cylinder in a coaxial relationship to define an annular chamber between the two cylinders, said outer cylinder comprising a plurality of tubes extending vertically (in use) in a parallel relationship for at least a portion of thr ,r lengths, said plurality of tubes being trranged in a ;ide-by-side relationship to form said outer cylinder, a portion of said tubes being bent from the plane of said outer cylinder to form an inlet opening in a tangential relationship to said outer cylinder for *0 receiving gases containing solid particles and directing -same through said annular chamber for separating the solid particles from said gases by centrifugal forces, the ib separated gases exiting through said inner cylinder and the o 0 separated solids falling to the bottom of said outer cylinder for disposal, said tubes being bent radially inwardly towards said inner cylinder such that they are 0 adapted to support said inner cylinder, means for passing 0 "0 20 water-steam through said tubes to cool said outer cylinder; and a plurality of support tubes connected to said outer cylinder for supporting said separator from a building or structure.
Brief Description of the Drawings The above brief description as well as further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully appreciated by reference to the jcspe.023/foster 91 9 23 6, 3afollowing detailed description of presently preferred but nonetheless illustrative embodiments in accordance with the present invention vhen taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: Fig. 1 is a perspective schematic view of the cyclone separator of the present invention showing only the tubes forming the outer cylinder; Fig. 2 is a cross-section view taken along the portion
SIS
I S~ Stlt jcspe.023/foster 9i 9 23 i-i 3 i y~l~s c i i I- ~n I- -a U i-l----IC-PI ii 3 surrounding the tubes; 4 Fig. 3 is a perspective schematic view of a cyclone separator according to a further embodiment of the 6 invention, showing only the tubes forming the outer 7 cylinder; 8 rig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along e o 9 the portion of the outer cylinder designated by the line 2't 10 2' in Fig. 3 and showing the insulative materials 11 surrounding the tubes; o, 12 Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a cyclone separator 0 o00 o 13 according to a still further embodiment of the present 14 invention and an adjacent heat recovery area of a boiler o0 15 system; ,o 16 Fig. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the tubes S 17 forming the outer cylinder of the separator of Fig. 5, and 18 Fig. 7 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken along S 19 the portion of the wall of the outer cylinder of Fig. 2 designated by the line 3-3, and showing the insulative 21 materials surrounding the tubes.
22 Description of the Preferred Embodiments 23 Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the reference 24 numeral 10 refers in general to the cyclone separator of the present invention which includes a front header 12 and a 26 rear header 14 forming the lower end portion of a side wall 27 16 of the separator. A front header 18 and a rear header 28 form the lower end portion of the other side wall 22 of the 29 separator. The headers 12, 14, 18 and 20 extend to either 880705,1tbspe.026,foster.spe, vr 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 0 oo 9 o a I ao 0 11 0 0 12 0 o 0 13 14 t *oo 15 o oo o 0 16 17 18 0 oo 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 side of a h,6pper 21 disposed at the lower portion of the separator for' reasons to be described.
A group of vertically extending spaced parallel tubes 24 are connected at their lower ends to the header 12 and form the front portion of the wall 16, and another group of vertically extending spaced parallel tubes 26 are connected to the header 14 and form the rear portion of the wall 16.
In a similar manner, a group of vertically extending spaced parallel .tubes 28 are connected to the header 18 and form the front portion of the wall 22, and another group of vertically extending spaced parallel tubes 30 extend from the header 20 and forma the rear portion of the wall 22.
The groups of tubes 24, 26, 28 and 30 extend vertically upwardly for a relatively small length and then are bent inwardly and angularly so that they together form a closed right cylinder shown in general by the reference numeral 32, with the tubes 24 and 28 together forming the front half of the cylinder 32 and the tubes 26 and 30 together forming the rear half of the cylinder 32.
A portion of the tubes 24 and 28 are bent out of the plane of the cylinder 32 as shown by the reference numeral 24a and 28a to form an inlet passage to the interior of the cylinder for reasons that will be described.
At the upper end of the cylinder 32, the tubes 24, 26, 28, and 30 are bent radially inwardly, as shown by the reference numeral 36, and then upwardly, as shown by the reference numeral 38, to define a circular opening which, of course, is of a diameter less than that of the diameter of the cylinder 32. The tubes 24, 26, 28 and 30 are then bent 880705,!tbspe.026,foster.spe, i 1
I
2 3 4 6 7 8 9 I I S, 11 *4 4 1 12 L I 13 14 b *4 oo 15 4 o4 16 o 17 18 a 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 6 radially outwardly as shown by the reference numeral 44 and then vertically upwardly as shown by the reference numeral 46. The upper end portions of the tube group 26 thus form a sidewall which is connected to an upper header 48 and the upper end poctions of the tube group 30 form a sidewall which is connected to an upper header 50. The upper end portions of the tubes 24 and 28 are bent horizontally to extend across the upper end portion of the cylinder 32 to form a roof 52 and are connected at their free ends to upper headers 54 and 56, respectively. A portion of the upper portions of the tubes 24 and 26 have been deleted for the convenience of presentation.
It is understood that a portion of the tubes 24, 26. 28 and 30 do not bend in the manner discussed above but rather extend vertically for the entire length of the cylinder 32 for the purpose of enabling the separator to be supported from the roof of a building or structure in which the separator 10 is located. These latter tubes are shown by the reference numeral 60 and extend from the header 18 in the manner discussed above, then straight up for the length of the cylinder 32 before bending horizontally to form a portion of the roof 52. Although not shown in the drawings, it is understood that a plurality of lugs, or the like, are connected to the tubes 60 and are adapted to be connected to hangers, or the like (not shown), which extend from the roof of the building to support the separator 10 without the need for steel supports at the bottom of the cylinders. It is also understood that the tubes 60 can be spaced out over the entire diameter of the cylinder 32 as needed.
880705, !tbspe.026,foster.spe, I -ar r~----r~usllJ a~ 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 13 1 0 11 r' 12 14 *0 o *r 16 S o 17 18 0o 0 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 7 An inner pipe, or barrel 61 is disposed within the cylinder 32 and is -ormed from a solid, metallic material such as stainless steel, and has an upper end portion extending approximately flush with the opening formed by the vertical bent tube portions 28. The pipe 61 extends from the lattcr opening to an area coincidental with the inlet formed by the bent tube groups 2 4 a and 28a. Thus an annular passage is formed between the outer surface of the pipe 61 and the inner surface of the cylinder 32, for reasons that will be described.
The tubes 24, 26, 28 and 30 are disposed between an insulative material and an erosion preventing structure which are omi'tted from Fig. 1 for the convenience of presentation but which are shown in Fig. 2. More particularly, the details of a wall portion of the cylinder 32 formed by the group of tubes 24 are shown in Fig. 2. More particularly, each tube 24 has a pair of fins 62 and 64 extending from diametrically opposed portions of its wall, with a slight spacing being provided between the fin 62 of one tube and the fin 64 of an adjacent tube. A seal plate 66 is provided in a sligL-tly spaced relationship to the plane of the tubes 24! and a heat insulative refractory material 68 is disposed between the outer surface of the tubes and the inner wall of the seal plate. A plurality of tiles 70 extend adjacent the inner wall of the tubes 24 and are interlocked to protect the tubes from erosion.
In operation, and assuming the separator 10 of the present invention is part of a boiler system including a fluidized bed reactor, or the like, disposed adjacent tie 880705,!tbspe.026,foster.spe, L -i _1 i -1 t I 4 4 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 S9 10 4 0 11 4 0 13 14 15 9 0 16 bo 17 18 0 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 8 separator, the inlet formed by the bent tubes 24a and 28a receives hot gases from the reactor which gases contain entrained fine solid particulate fuel material from the fluidized bed. The gases contained the particulate material thus swirl around the annular chamber defined between the cylinder 32 and the inner pipe 61 and the solid particles are propelled by centrifugal forces against the inner wall of the cylinder 32 where they collect and fall downwardly by gravity into the hopper in a conventional manner.
The relatively clean gases in the annular chamber are prevented from flowing upwardly by the roof 52 and thus pass into and through the inner pipe 61 before exiting in a direction shown by the arrows in Fig. 1 through an outlet defined by the sidewalls connected to the headers 48 and It is understood that a plurality of screen tubes (not shown) can be provided in the path of the gases exiting in this manner and the gases can then pass to a heat recovery area disposed adjacent the separator Water from an external source is passed into the headers 12, 14, 18 and 20 and thus passes upwardly through the groups of tubes 24, 26, 28 and 30 before exiting, via the headers 48, 50, 54 and 56, to external circuitry which may form a portion of the boiler system including the separator Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Fig. 3 of the drawings, the reference numeral lOa refers in general to the cyclone separator of the present invention which includes a lower ring header 12a and an upper ring header 14a. The header 12a extends 880705, tbspe.026,foster.spe, I-il "~*rr~~ren-ur -II Snr~-- Il--l-s t 1
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P
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1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 4 10 S411 4 12 o 13 14 18 Soa 19 0 2 21 22 23 26 27 28 29 21 22 23 29 9 immediately above, and is connected to, a hopper Y64 disposed at the lower portion of the separator lOa.
A group of vertically-extending, spaced, parallel tubes 20a are connected at their lower end to the header 12a and extend vertically for the greater parts of their lengths to form a right circular cylinder 22a.
A portion of the tubes 20a are bent out of the plane of the cylinder 22a, as shown by the reference numerals 20a, to form an inlet passage 24a to the interior of the cylinder for reasons that will be described.
At the the upper end of the cylinder 22a the tubes are bent radially it..rardly as shown by the reference numeral 20ba, and then upwardly as shown by the reference numeral 20ca to define a circular opening which, of course, is of a diameter less than that of the diameter of the cylinder 22a.
The tubes 20a are then bent radially outwardly as shown by the reference numeral 20da, with their respective ends being connected to the upper header 14a. The tube portions thus form a roof for the cyclone.
A plurality of vertical pipes 28a extend upwardly from the upper header 14a, it being understood that the lower header 12a can be connected to a source of cooling fluid, such as water, or steam, which passes from the header 12a, through the tubes 20a, and into the upper header 14a before being discharged, via the pipes 28a, to external equipment.
The direction of flow for the cooling fluid could also be reversed.
An inner pipe, or barrel, 30a is disposed within the cylinder 22a, is formed from a solid, metallic material, 880705,!tbspe.026,foster.spe, i I- Ic~c~-~ 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 S, 9 10 o 4 11 S 12 13 14 9 l9 9 15 0 00 16 616 a 17 18 o 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 10 such as stainless steel, and has aq upper end portion extending slightly above the plane formed by the header 14a and the upper tube portions 20da. The pipe 30a extends immediately adjacent the tube portions 20ca, and its length approximately coincides with the inlet passage formed by the bent tube portions 20a. Thus, an annular passage is formed between the outer surface of the pipe 30a and the inner surface of the cylinder 22a, for reasons that will be described, and the tube portions 22ba form a roof for the chamber.
The tubes 20a are disposed between an insulative material and an erosion preventing structure which are omitted from Fig. 1 for the convenience of presentation but which are shown in Fig. 2. More particularly, a fin 32a is welded to, and extends from, the adjacent walls of each pair of adjacent tubes 20a. A lagging, or panel 34a of a lightweight material, such as aluminum, is provided in a slightly spaced relationship to the plane of the tubes and a heat insulative material 36a is disposed between the outer surface of the tubes 20a and the inner wall of the lagging 34a. A plurality of tiles 38a extend adjacent the inner wall of the cylinder 22a and are connected by anchors 40a extending from the fins 32a. A layer of refractory 42a is designed between the tiles 38a and the tubes It is understood that an upper hood, or the like (not shown), preferably rectangular in cross section, can be provided above the plane formed by the upper header 14a and the tube portions 20da and can be connected to the pipe by a plurality of conical plates or the like (not shown).
880705, tbspe.026,foster.spe, _i I~ ii
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1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 Sa 12 13 14 S 16 17 18 a o 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 11 The hood can be top supported from the ror he structure in which the separator lOa is placed and the remaining portion of the separator can be supported from hangers connected to header lAa, or pipes 28a.
In operation, and assuming the separator 10a of the present invention is part of a boiler system including a fluidized bed reaction, or the like, disposed adjacent the separator, the inlet passage 24a formed by the bent tube portions 20a receives hot. gases from the reactor which gases contain entrained fine solid particulate fuel material from the fluidized bed. The gases containing the particulate material thus enter and swirl around in the annular chambe'r defined between the cylinder 22a and the inner pipe 30a, and the entrained solid particles are propelled hy centrifugal forces against the inner wall of the cylinder 22a where they collect and fall downwardly by gravity into the hopper 16a.
The relatively clean gases remaining in the annular chamber are prevented from flowing upwardly by the roof forUed by the tube portions 20ba and their corresponding fins 32a, thus enter the pipe 30a through its lower end. The gases tnus pass through the length of the pipe before exiting from the upper end of the pipe to the aforementioned hood, or the like, for directing the hot gases to external equipment for further use.
Water, or steam from an external source is passed into the lower header 12a and passes upwardly through the tubes 20a before exiting, via the upper header 14a and the pipes 28a, to external circuitry which may form a portion of the boiler system including the separator 1Oas The water thus 880705, tbspe.026,fioter.spe, said gases by centrifugal forces, the separated gases exiting through said inner cylinder and the separated solids falling to the bottom of said outer cylinder for /2 V I 1 a a 0 a a 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 Od 9 0a 11 s s U Q 0 12 14 16 17 0 4 Q 18 .4 19 21 22 23 24 26 27 283 29 12 maintains/the wall of cylinder 22a at a relatively low temperature.
Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings, the reference numeral iOb refers in general to the cyclone separator of the present invei.cion which includes a lower ring header 12b and an upper header 14b. The header 12b extends immediately above, and is connected to, a hopper 16b disposed at the lower portion of the separator A group of vertically-extending, rpaced, parallel tubes 20b are connected at their lower ends to the header 12b and extend vertically for the greater parts of their lengths to form a right circular cylinder 22b.
A portion of the tubes 20b are bent out of the plane of the cylinder 22b, as shown by the reference numerals and, a shown in Fig. 2, approximately half of thess bent tube por'tions are bent away from the other half to form an inlet passage 24b to the interior of the cylinder for reasons that will be described.
At the upper end of t 1 cylinder 22b and tubes 20b are bent radially inwardly, as shown by the reference numeral 20bb, and then upwardly as shown by the reference numeral ?0cb, to define a circular opening which, of course, is of a diameter less than that of the diameter of the cylinder 22b.
The tubes 20b are then bent radially outwardly as shown by the reference numeral 20db, and a portion of these bent tube portions 20db are bent upwardly as shown by the reference numeral 20eb. As better shown in Fig. 2 the best tube portions 20eb form approximately one-half of a right cir.cular cylinder 26b. The remaining portions of the bent 880705, tbape.026,foster.spe, 13 1I tube portions 20db extend horizontally are bent at right 2 angles in a horizontal plane, and then vertically, as shown 3 by the reference numeral 20fb, to form two vertically 4 extending, spaced walls one of which is shown by the reference numeral 28b. The tube portions 20eb and the 6 vertically extending tube portions 20fb az bent to form 7 horizontal tube portions 20gb which form a roof 30b for an 8 enclosure 32b defined by the tube portions 20db the partial 9 cylinder 26b and the walls 28b.
10 The enclosure 32b has in outlet opening 32ab which 11 discharges to a heat reco ery area, shown in general by the 12 reference numeral 36b.
13 The lower header 12b can be connect~e to a source of 14 cooling fluid, such as water which passes from the header .4 15 12b, through the tubes 20b, and into the upper header 14b S 16 which is converted to a header 37b forming a portion of the o. 17 water flow circuitry of the heat recovery area 36b.
18 An inner pipe, or barrel, 38b is disposed within the 19 cylinder 22b, is formed from a solid, metallic material, such as stainless steel, and has an upper end portion 21 extending slightly above the plane of the tube portions 22 20db. The pipe 38b extends immediately adjacent the tube 23 portions 20cb, and its .length substantially coincides with 24 th inlet passage iormed by the bent tube portions Thus, an annular Chamber 34b is formed between the outer 26 surface of the pipe 38b and the inner surface of the 27 cylinder 22b, and the tube portions 20bb form a roof for 28 said chamber.
29 The tubes 20b are disposed between an insulative 880705,!tbspe.026,foster.spe, Complete Specification for the invention antitled: CYCLONE SEPARATOR HAVING WATER-STEAM COOLED WALLS The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:-" SNote: The description is to be typed in double spacing, pica type face, in an area not exccading 250 mm in depth and 161 mm in width, on tough white paper of good quality and it is to bh inserted inside this form.
14166/77-L Printed by C. J. TaOMPSON, Acting Conmonwealth Government Printer. Canberr
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.Ii yrr 1- I i i i 0 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 o, 9 0 10 14 o 11 co O 16 18 14 22 23 24 0 o0 15 26 2 17 18 2 19 20 21 22 23 24 27 28 29 14 material and an erosion preventing structure which are omitted from Fig. 2 for the convenience of presentation but which are shown in Fig. 3. More particularly, a fin 40b is welded to, and extends from, the corresponding walls of each pair of adjacent tubes 20b. A lag 'ng, or panel 42b of a lightweight material, such as aluminum, is provided in a slightly spaced relationship to the plane of tubes 20b, and a heat insulative material 44b is disposed between the outer surface of the tubes 20b sad the inner wall of the lagging 34b. A plurality of tiles 46b extend adjacent the inner wall of the cylinder 22b and are connected by anchors 48b extending from the inner walls of tubes 20b. A layer of refractory material 50b is disposed between the tiles 46b and the tubes In operation, and assuming the separator 1G0 of the present invention is part of a boiler system including a fluidized bed reactor, or the like, disposed adjacent to the separator, the inlet passage 24b formed by the bent tube portions 20au receives hot gases from the reactor which gases contain entrained firne solid particulate fuel, ash, limestone, etc. from the fluidized bed. The gases containing the particulate material thus enter and swirl around in the annular chamber 34b defined between the cylinder 22b and the inner pipe 38b, and the entrained solid particles are propelled by centrifugal forces against the inner wall of the cylinder 22b where they collect and fall downwardly by gravity into the hopper 16b. The relatively clean gases remaining in the annular chamber 34b are prevented from flowing upwardly by the roof formed by the tube portions 880705,!tbspe.026,foster.spe,
S-
L.IL fz(quiL a separace root 28 the cost of the system.
2i 8t is thr.0 ferse an 7 5,ttbspe.026,foster.spe, tube circuit wflicfl turtner acias Lo B :1 49 0 prc~nt invcntion 15 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 4 9 t 11114l 11 14 1 16 °o 17 18 19 21 422 23 24 26 27 28 29 20bb and their corresponding fins 40b, and thus enter the pipe 38b through its lower c nd. The gases thus pass through the length of the pipe 38b before exiting from the upper end of the pipe to the enclosure 32b which directs the hot gases radially outwardly to the heat recovery area 36b.
Water or steam from an external source is passed into the lower header 12b and passes upwardly through the tubes 20b before exiting, via the upper header 14b to the header 37b of the heat recovery area 36b. The water thus maintains the cylinder 22b and the enclosure 32b at a relatively low temperature.
I Several advantages result from the foregoino, arrangement. For example, the cyclone separator of the present invention reduces heat losses and minimizes the requirement for internal refractory insulation. Also, the bulk, weight, and cost of the separator of the present invention is much less than that of conventional separators.
The separator of the present invention also eliminates the need for expensive high temperattire ref ractory-lined ductwork and expansion joints between the reactor and cyclone separator, and between the latter and the heat recovery section.
Further, the cyclone separator can be put into use relatively quickly without any warm-up period, and the temperature of the outer walls of the separator can be maintained the same as the temperature of the walls of the adjoining reactor.
Still further, by utilizing the upper end portions r-f the tube groups to form a roof, the requirement for 880705,!tbspe.026,foster.spe, wix De more tully appreciated by reference to the jcspe.023/foster 91 9 23 r I 16- 1 additional roof circuitry is eliminated./ f 2 It is understood that several variations may be made in 3 the foregoing without departing from the scope of the 4 invention. For example, the fins 62 and 64 extending from each tube can be welded together to form a gas tight 6 structure or, alternatively, can be eliminated and the tubes 7 welded directly together.
8 The entire contents of the provisional specifications S, 9 lodged with Australian Patent Applications e/f which this is the complete specification are hereby imported into this r4 11 specification and form part of the disclosure of this 12 specification. The claims form part of the disclosure of 13 this specification.
S t
I
6 44 a 5 4 o. I 8 8 0705,!tbspe.026,foster.spe,
Claims (7)
1. A cyclone separator comprising an inner cylinder; an outer cylinder extending around said inner cylinder in a coaxial relationship to define an annular chamber between the two cylinders, said outer cylinder comprising a plurality of tubes extending vertically (in use) in a parallel relationship for at least a portion of their lengths, said plura.lity of tubes being arranged in a side- by-side relationship to form said outer cylinder, a portion of said tubes being bent from the plane of said outer cylinder to form an inlet opening in a tangential i ,relationship to said outer cylinder for receiving gases containing solid particles and directing same through said annular chamber for separating the solid particles from said ,ases by centrifugal forces, the separated gases |o0. exiting through said inner cylinder and the separated solids falling to the bottom of said outer cylinder for disposal, said tubes being bent radially inwardly towards S. 2 0said inner cylinder such that they are adapted to support said inner cylinder, means for passing water-steam through said tubes to cool said outer cylinder. and a plurality of support tubes connected to said outer cylinder for supporting said separator from a building or structure.
2. A cyclone separator according to claim 1, wherein upper portions of said plurality of tubes are bent across the upper end of said outer cylinder to form a roof.
3. A cyclone separator according to claim 1 or claim 2, jcspe.023/foster 91 9 23 ,H.T O Q I, :j 18 wherein upper and lower end portions of said plurality of tubes are configured to form two opposite side walls of an enclosure and the intermediate portion of said tubes are bent into said cylindrical configuration.
4. A cyclone separator according to any precediing claim, wherein the tubes of said plurality of tubes are disposed in a spaced relationship.
A cyclone separator according to any preceding claim, wherein each tube has a continuous fin extending from diametrically opposite portions thereof for the length of said tube.
6. A cyclone separator according to any preceding claim, further comprising refractory means extending around the inner and outer surfaces of said outer cylinder.
7. A cyclone separator according to any preceding claim, wherein said support tubes are adapted to support said separator from a roof of said building or structure. DATED this 23 September 1991 CARTER SMITH BEADLE Fellows Institute of Patent Attorneys of Australia Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: FOSTER WHEELER ENERGY CORPORATION jcspe.023/foster 91 9 23 W~o tM s"
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/069,930 US4746337A (en) | 1987-07-06 | 1987-07-06 | Cyclone separator having water-steam cooled walls |
| US069930 | 1987-07-06 | ||
| US161632 | 1988-02-29 | ||
| US07161632 US4880450B1 (en) | 1987-07-06 | 1988-02-29 | Cyclone separator having water-steam cooled walls |
| US07/179,818 US4904286A (en) | 1987-07-06 | 1988-04-11 | Cyclone separator having water-steam cooled walls |
| US179818 | 1988-04-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1872588A AU1872588A (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| AU617675B2 true AU617675B2 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
Family
ID=27371629
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU18725/88A Ceased AU617675B2 (en) | 1987-07-06 | 1988-07-05 | Cyclone separator having water-steam cooled walls |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0298671A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6480456A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU617675B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4944250A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-07-31 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Cyclone separator including a hopper formed by water-steam cooled walls |
| US4920924A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1990-05-01 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed steam generating system including a steam cooled cyclone separator |
| US4961761A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1990-10-09 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Cyclone separator wall refractory material system |
| FI88200C (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1993-04-13 | Tampella Oy Ab | FOERBRAENNINGSANLAEGGNING |
| JPH0798164B2 (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1995-10-25 | フォースター・ホイーラー・エナージイ・コーポレイション | Cyclone separator |
| US5094191A (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-03-10 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Steam generating system utilizing separate fluid flow circuitry between the furnace section and the separating section |
| US5116394A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-05-26 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Cyclone separator roof |
| US5203284A (en) * | 1992-03-02 | 1993-04-20 | Foster Wheeler Development Corporation | Fluidized bed combustion system utilizing improved connection between the reactor and separator |
| US6051182A (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2000-04-18 | Brifer International Ltd. | Apparatus and process for the direct reduction of iron oxides |
| KR100974432B1 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2010-08-05 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Water-cooled cyclone for circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| US20090031967A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Integral waterwall external heat exchangers |
| US9370783B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2016-06-21 | Uop Llc | Apparatuses and methods for gas-solid separations using cyclones |
| US8945283B1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-02-03 | Uop Llc | Apparatuses and methods for gas-solid separations using cyclones |
| FI126820B (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2017-06-15 | Andritz Oy | centrifugal |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB567450A (en) * | 1942-09-08 | 1945-02-14 | David Dalin | Improvements in dust separators |
| US3732920A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1973-05-15 | Thermotics | Heat exchanger |
| US4615715A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-10-07 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Water-cooled cyclone separator |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB641357A (en) * | 1947-07-31 | 1950-08-09 | C U R A Patents Ltd | Improvements in gas cleaning devices of the cyclone type |
| US3470678A (en) * | 1967-06-20 | 1969-10-07 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Cyclone separator for high temperature operations |
| SU709182A1 (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1980-01-15 | Днепропетровский Металлургический Институт | Cyclone |
| JPS5473715A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1979-06-13 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Production of carboxylic ester |
| JPS5491602A (en) * | 1977-12-28 | 1979-07-20 | Hirakawa Tekkosho | Cyclone type waste heat boiler |
| JPS5735857U (en) * | 1980-08-06 | 1982-02-25 | ||
| FR2527478A1 (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-12-02 | Creusot Loire | Cyclone separator - comprising gas-tight vertical cylindrical chamber into which gas enters tangentially at top |
| SE437124B (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1985-02-11 | Generator Ind Ab | A boiler with a furnace chamber clad with cooling tubes. |
| EP0197207A1 (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1986-10-15 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Spiral coil cool wall construction for high temperature cylindrical furnaces, vessels, cyclones, etc. |
| US4746337A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1988-05-24 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Cyclone separator having water-steam cooled walls |
-
1988
- 1988-07-01 EP EP88306056A patent/EP0298671A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-07-05 AU AU18725/88A patent/AU617675B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-07-06 JP JP16863288A patent/JPS6480456A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB567450A (en) * | 1942-09-08 | 1945-02-14 | David Dalin | Improvements in dust separators |
| US3732920A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1973-05-15 | Thermotics | Heat exchanger |
| US4615715A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-10-07 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Water-cooled cyclone separator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0418906B2 (en) | 1992-03-30 |
| EP0298671A3 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| JPS6480456A (en) | 1989-03-27 |
| AU1872588A (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| EP0298671A2 (en) | 1989-01-11 |
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