AU2278000A

AU2278000A - Packing

Info

Publication number: AU2278000A
Application number: AU22780/00A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Jurgen Hommola; Wolfram Zoller
Original assignee: Mars Inc
Current assignee: Mars Inc
Priority date: 1999-01-08
Filing date: 1999-12-24
Publication date: 2000-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 2019-12-24
Also published as: EP1140644B1; EP1140644A1; DE59904574D1; ES2190282T3; DE19900491B4; DE19900491A1; AU760345B2; WO2000040470A1; ATE234230T1

Abstract

The invention relates to a packing which has at least one holding and carrying handle consisting of at least one strap, whereby the handle is attached to one of the surfaces of the packing such that it is arranged in a manner which is off-center along an axis of symmetry (2) of the surface which is parallel (1) or perpendicular to the direction of the strap(s).

Description

A shaped brick for erecting walls, in particular dry walls The present invention refers to a shaped brick for erecting dry walls, said shaped brick being adapted to be symmetrically divided by a predetermined breaking point provided at a suitable location. A shaped brick having a centrally arranged predetermined breaking point has already been put on the market by the applicant. On the left- and on the right-hand side of this central predetermined breaking point, two additional predetermined breaking points are arranged, which serve to separate from the shaped brick a respective peripheral piece, which is not intended for further use. This known shaped brick is characterized in particular by its special shape. When seen in a top view, the shaped brick is composed symmetrically of a rectangle and a triangle delimiting the brick on the long side of the rectangle in a rooflike manner. The centrally arranged predetermined breaking point divides the shaped brick into two symmetrical halves and extends therefore through the gablelike vertex of the triangle. By breaking the shaped brick along the central predetermined breaking point, two mirror symmetrical semi-elements are obtained. The special shape of the semi-elements thus obtained permits the erection of a curved wall by arranging "right" and "left" semi-elements in alternating superimposed layers. This known shaped brick only permits the erection of curved walls. For erecting other wall shapes, such as straight walls and comer walls, and for the various wall end pieces, a plurality of elements of different shapes is necessary; this results in considerable manufacturing costs due to the increased number of shapes required. In addition, the 2 consumer has to cope with the disadvantage that, prior to erecting the wall, he will have to calculate in a complicated manner how many comer pieces, end pieces, etc. are required. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a shaped brick for the erection of dry walls with the aid of which different wall shapes can be realized without any necessity of using additional shaped bricks having a different format. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to provide a shaped brick whose shape permits the erection of straight walls, comer walls, walls having curvatures with different radii, pillars as well as walls with a filling behind it. This object of the present invention is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. With regard to the shaped brick used for erecting a dry wall, the advantage that can be achieved by the present invention primarily resides in the fact that the arrangement of the predetermined breaking points according to the present invention in combination with the special trapezoidal circumferential shape of the shaped brick permits the subelements required for erecting the respective wall type to be produced in a simple manner by suitable breaking of the shaped brick along the predetermined breaking points. Additional shaped bricks having a different format can be dispensed with. The dimensions of the shaped brick are chosen such that all subelements obtained can be used so that no waste which is unfit for use will be produced. In addition, only a single mould is required for producing the shaped brick, whereby an economy-priced production as well as transport at a reasonable price to the building site is achieved. Advantageously enough, it turned out that, within the range between 1/2 and 3/4, especially between 9/16 and 3/4, the length ratio of the short to the long trapezoid side permits the above-mentioned wall types to be erected with the aid of the shaped brick without any additional other shaped bricks. The same applies to the length ratio of the distance between 3 the two faces to the long side of the trapezoid. The applicant prefers the value 2/3 for the length ratio of the long to the short trapezoid side as well as for the length ratio of the distance between the two faces to the long trapezoid side; this provides excellent results, when a shaped brick dimensioned in this way is used. A shaped brick of this type can be employed for most cases of use. By arranging the two lateral predetermined breaking points on the two end points of the three equally long subsections of the long trapezoid side, suitable subelements can be produced with the aid of which most of the conventional wall types can be produced. The chamfer which is provided on at least one of the two supporting surfaces and which has an incision depth of 1/10 x 1/10 of the distance between the two supporting surfaces facilitates laying of the shaped brick and of its subelements in an advantageous manner. For increasing the stability of the wall bond and as a staggering aid, at least one of the two supporting surfaces can be provided with a groove and tongue system. Instead of the groove and tongue system, it is also possible to use a groove and groove system with an insertable tongue. In the following, the present invention will be described in detail on the basis of embodiments and with regard to the drawing, in which: Fig. 1 shows a top view of one of the two supporting surfaces of the shaped brick, Fig. 2 shows a side view of the shaped brick according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a top view of the shaped brick according to Fig. 1 which has been broken in the middle, Fig. 4 shows a top view of the shaped brick according to Fig. 1 which has been broken on the left-hand side, 4 Fig. 5 shows a top view of the shaped brick according to Fig. 1 which has been broken on the right-hand side, Fig. 6 shows a top view of a central piece of the shaped brick according to Fig. 1, Fig. 7 shows a top view of a central piece of the shaped brick according to Fig. 1 which has been divided still further, Fig. 8 shows various examples of a straight wall erected with the aid of the shaped brick as a basic element and as a subelement, Fig. 9 shows an example of a comer wall erected with the aid of the shaped brick as a basic element and as a subelement, Fig. 10 shows various examples of a curved wall erected with the aid of the shaped brick as a basic element and as a subelement, Fig. 11 shows various examples of pillars produced with the aid of the shaped brick, and Fig. 12 shows a wall with a filling behind it, said wall being produced with the aid of the shaped brick. Fig. 1 shows a shaped brick for building a dry wall, which, in the form shown, exists as a product that is ready for sale. The top view according to Fig. 1 shows one of the two supporting surfaces 3' in which three predetermined breaking points are provided. For breaking the shaped brick, it will suffice to provide predetermined breaking points in only one of the two supporting surfaces 3'. It is, of course, also possible to provide corresponding 5 predetermined breaking points in both supporting surfaces 3, 3'. The trapezoidal circumferential shape of the supporting surfaces 3, 3' is essential to the present invention. In the present embodiment, the two inclined sides of the trapezoid have the same length, different lengths of these sides being, however, possible as well. As can especially be seen from the side view shown in Fig. 2, the long and the short trapezoid sides, respectively, are followed by the faces of the shaped brick. According to Fig. I and Fig. 2, these faces are broken; if desired, smooth faces can, however, be produced as well. According to definition, the long side of the trapezoid is the base length L of the shaped brick. Fig. 1 shows how the predetermined breaking points 4, 5, 5' are arranged at right angles to the base length L. In this embodiment, three predetermined breaking points 4, 5, 5' are provided in the shaped brick 1, since it turned out that with the aid of these predetermined breaking points 4, 5, 5' a sufficiently great variety of formats and, consequently, a large spectrum of wall types can be produced. It goes without saying that a larger or a smaller number of predetermined breaking points can be provided, if this should be necessary in the special case of use. A cover plate, which is not shown in the figures, can be used for decorative purposes in connection with the shaped brick in the usual way. The trapezoidal shaped brick can, on the one hand, be produced by using a trapezoidal mould into which a material, e.g. concrete, is filled. When the casting material has hardened, the shaped brick is obtained in the desired shape. On the other hand, a trapezoidal shaped brick can be produced by arranging on a square shaped brick predetermined breaking points in such a way that the desired trapezoidal shaped brick can be broken out of said square shaped brick.

6 The ranges of ratios, which are defined in the subclaims and which result from the special arrangement of the predetermined breaking points and from the dimensions of the shaped brick, are preferred embodiments of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the ratio of the long trapezoid side (base length L) to the short trapezoid side is preferably equal to 2/3. In addition, also the distance between the two faces according to Fig. 2 is equal to 2/3 of the base length L. These length ratios are excellently suitable for producing different wall types. It is, of course, also possible to choose other ratios, if this should be necessary with regard to production or in the special case of use. According to Fig. 1, the predetermined breaking point 4 is arranged in the middle of the base length L (long side of the trapezoid) in the plane of the supporting surface. By breaking the shaped brick along this predetermined breaking point 4, two mirror-symmetrical halves are obtained. The predetermined breaking points 5 and 5' are arranged at the right and at the left of this centrally arranged predetermined breaking point 4. These two lateral predetermined breaking points 5 and 5' are arranged in parallel and at a distance from one another which corresponds to 1/3 of the base length L. Due to the fact that the lateral predetermined breaking points 5 are arranged symmetrically, each of said lateral predetermined breaking points is located at a distance from one of the two base-length end points which corresponds to 1/3 of said base length L. Also this arrangement of the predetermined breaking points according to Fig. 1 proved to be particularly advantageous with regard to the great variety of formats that can be achieved. In addition to the arrangement of the predetermined breaking points according to Fig. 1, other suitable arrangements, especially arrangements with different distances, are, however, imaginable as well. According to Fig. 2, the incision depth of the predetermined breaking points 4, 5, 5' is equal to 1/10 of the height of the shaped brick, the height being defined by the distance between the two supporting surfaces 3, 3'.

7 Fig. 2 additionally shows that, for facilitating the erection of the wall, the supporting surface 3', which has the predetermined breaking points 4, 5, 5' arranged therein, is provided with a chamfer. Respective chamfers are especially provided on the sides of the upper supporting surface 3' which border on the faces 2. It goes without saying that embodiments are also imaginable in the case of which correspondingly arranged chamfers are provided on the sides of the lower supporting surface 3 or on the sides of both supporting surfaces 3, 3'. The chamfers can also be dispensed with, if this is considered to be necessary. The dimensions of these chamfers are 1/10 x 1/10 of the height H of the shaped brick. The length of the base length L is 36 cm. In addition to this preferred length, which is normally used, all other lengths are, of course, possible as well. Fig. 3 to 7 show the various shapes that can be obtained by breaking the shaped brick along the predetermined breaking points 4, 5, 5'. Fig. 3 shows the mirror-symmetrical halves which are obtained when the shaped brick is broken along the central predetermined breaking point 4. According to Fig. 4, the shaped brick has been broken along the left lateral predetermined breaking point 5, whereby a left subelement having a base length of 1/3 L and a right subelement having a base length of 2/3 L are obtained. L is in this case the base length of the complete shaped brick. The new surfaces obtained by breaking have the character of natural stone; this is particularly advantageous in cases where the subelements are used as end pieces. In Fig. 5, the shaped brick is divided along the right lateral predetermined breaking point, whereby a right subelement having a base length of 1/3 L and a left subelement having a base length of 2/3 L are obtained. The subelements which have been obtained according to Fig. 3 to 5 by breaking have newly created broken surfaces which delimit the respective subelement at right angles. This right-angled delimiting surface permits each of these subelements to be used as an end piece.

8 According to Fig. 6, the shaped brick has been broken along the two lateral predetermined breaking points 5, 5', whereby a square subelement having the base length 1/3 L has been provided. According to Fig. 7, the shaped brick has been divided either along the left predetermined breaking point 5 and the central predetermined breaking point 4 or along the central predetermined breaking point 4 and the right predetermined breaking point 5'. The resultant subelement is square and has a base length of 1/6 L. In Fig. 8, five examples for the erection of a straight wall are shown. The straight shape of the wall can be achieved by the arrangement of the shaped bricks shown, said shaped bricks having a trapezoidal upper supporting surface 3' and lower supporting surface 3. As can be seen in Fig. 8, the short side of the trapezoid of one brick and the long side of the trapezoid of a respective adjacent brick abut on one another alternately. In addition, the embodiments shown in Fig. 8 disclose that various variations of staggering with a small staggered pattern can be realized with the aid of the shaped brick and its subelements. According to Fig. 8, the staggered pattern of this embodiment is 6 cm, said pattern being shown on the basis of walls having a length of 246 cm to 270 cm. The 6 cm staggered pattern results from the pattern of the predetermined breaking points. It follows that, by changing the pattern of the predetermined breaking points, also other staggered patterns can easily be realized. The wall lengths disclosed in Fig. 8 refer to walls which are erected by means of seven or eight shaped bricks. It goes without saying that these wall lengths have only been disclosed by way of example and that they can be varied at will. The small staggered pattern is obtained by combining various subelements as end pieces. A 246 cm wall, for example, is composed of seven shaped bricks as well as 1/2 subelement and a 2/3 subelement. A 270 cm wall, however, is composed of eight shaped bricks as well as a 1/3 and a 2/3 subelement.

9 Fig. 9 shows the wall structure of a 90* comer wall which has been erected with the aid of the shaped brick and a subelement. In the comer area the two sides of the wall interengage alternately. The respective end face is obtained by combining a shaped brick and a 1/3 subelement. According to Fig. 10, curved walls and wall sections, respectively, have been erected with the aid of the shaped brick and its subelements with different radii. The radius of the respective wall is determined by the use of a special subelement or by the combination of various subelements. In contrast to the erection of a straight wall, the respective short trapezoid sides and the respective long trapezoid sides of two adjacent bricks abut on one another, whereby the curved shape of the wall is obtained. According to Fig. 10, the wall having a radius of 48 cm, for example, has been erected making use of 1/3 subelements and the wall having a radius of 144 cm has been erected by a combination of 2/3 subelements and square 1/3 middle pieces. The walls shown in Fig. 10 are intended to show, by way of example, some of the great variety of walls of different curvatures that can be erected with the aid of the shaped brick and its subelements. The pillars shown in Fig. 11 represent another example of one of the manifold possibilities of using the shaped brick and its subelements. Also in the case of pillars, a suitable combination of various subelements or of subelements and the shaped brick itself permits the erection of pillars with different base lengths. The different pillars shown in Fig. 11 constitute an example of the manifold and variable possibilities of use of the shaped brick and its subelements. For specific cases of use, such as the creation of an elevated flower bed, the shaped brick finally offers the possibility of erecting a wavy wall. Just as in the case of the circular wall, the individual bricks are arranged such that the long trapezoid side of one brick is positioned in side-by-side relation with the long trapezoid side of the laterally adjacent brick. The different 10 radii, which determine the wavy shape, are adjusted by varying the joint width between neighbouring bricks. In this way, almost any desired radius and, consequently, shape of the wavy wall can be determined. In the case of the wall types shown in Fig. 8 to 12, the individual bricks, no matter whether the bricks in question are the whole shaped brick or the subelements, are, of course, laid such that a bond exists between them. Figs. 13 and 14 show embodiments of the shaped brick of the invention which in their abutting surfaces 6, 6' are provided with means creating a bond of neighbouring shaped bricks within one brick layer. Within the scope of the present application the term "abutting surfaces" stands for those surfaces of the shaped brick of the invention with which said bricks abut on neighbouring shaped bricks in the position of use. Thus the abutting surfaces 6, 6' are the two surfaces arranged between the large trapezoid side and the small trapezoid side. For instance, Fig. 13 shows lobes 8 and 8' formed in the two abutting surfaces 6, 6', as well as receiving means 10 and 10'. As shown in the drawing, at least one lobe 8 and 8', respectively, and one receiving means 10 and 10', respectively, are arranged in opposite fashion on each of the two abutting surfaces. When the shaped bricks are laid in the alternating orientation typical of the invention, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the lobes 8, 8' of the one brick will engage into the receiving means 10, 10' of a neighbouring shaped brick because the local position of the lobes and receiving means has been chosen accordingly. A positive or form-fit bond in the form of a toothing is obtained within each brick layer by the lobes 8, 8' engaging into the receiving means 10, 10' of neighbouring shaped bricks. According to Fig. 14 at least one recess 12, 12' is respectively provided in the two abutting surfaces 6, 6' at a corresponding distance from the long trapezoid side and the short 11 trapezoid side. Said distance has been chosen such that after the laying of shaped bricks in the alternating arrangement typical of the invention, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the recesses 12, 12' of the one brick conform with recesses 12, 12' of neighbouring bricks. Preferably, the distance of the recesses from the long trapezoid side and the short trapezoid side, respectively, has been chosen such that the distance is L/3. Laid in this way, two adjoining recesses 12 and 12' form an opening which can be filled with concrete and effects a layered bond of the shaped bricks after setting of the concrete. Instead of concrete, the opening which is formed by adjoining recesses 12, 12' can be closed with a preshaped anti-displacement element which is adapted to the geometrical shape of the opening formed by two recesses 12, 12' and which can be inserted into said opening. With the help of such an anti-displacement element a layered bond of neighbouring shaped bricks can be achieved. If use is additionally made of the already mentioned groove and tongue system or groove and groove system with separate tongue, which is preferably provided in the supporting surface 3, 3' of the shaped brick, this will yield not only a layered bond of shaped bricks laid in the manner typical of the invention, but also a bond of superimposed shaped bricks by the toothing of one layer to the next higher layer and next lower layer, respectively.

Claims

1. A shaped brick (1) for erecting walls, in particular dry walls, comprising - two opposed faces (2) and two opposed supporting surfaces (3, 3'), one side of the supporting surfaces (3, 3) defining the base length (L) of the shaped brick (1), - a predetermined breaking point (4) provided after half of the base length (L) and in the plane of one of the two supporting surfaces (3, 3'), and - at least two additional predetermined breaking points (5, 5') provided on both sides of this centrally arranged predetermined breaking point (4), characterized in that - the two supporting surfaces (3, 3') have a trapezoidal circumferential shape including a short trapezoid side and a long trapezoid side defining the base length (L), - these short and long trapezoid sides have a specific length ratio to one another, - the lateral predetermined breaking points (5, 5') are arranged on the end points of n subsections of the long trapezoid side.

2. A shaped'brck (1) according to claim 1, charaeterized In that the length ratio of the short to the long trapezoid side lies in a range between 1/2 and 3/4. 13

3. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the length ratio of the short to the long trapezoid side lies in a range between 9/16 and 3/4.

4. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 3, charaeterized In that the length ratio of the short to the long trapezoid side (base length (L)) is 2/3.

5. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the two faces (2) and the long trapezoid side have a specific length ratio to one another.

6. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 5, characterized In that the length ratio of the distance between the two faces (2) to the long trapezoid side lies in a range between 1/2 and 3/4.

7. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 6, characterized In that the length ratio of the distance between the two faces (2) to the long trapezoid side lies in a range between 9/16 and 3/4.

8. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the length ratio of the distance between the two faces (2) to the long trapezoid side is 2/3.

9. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the long trapezoid side comprises three subsections of equal length on the two end points of which two lateral predetermined breaking points (5) are arranged.

10. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the incision depth of the predetermined breaking points (4) and (5) is equal to 1/10 of the distance between the two supporting surfaces (3, 31). 14

11. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the edges of at least one of the two supporting surfaces (3, 31) is provided with a chamfer.

12. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that one or several chamfers have an incision depth of 1/10 x 1/10 of the distance between the two supporting surfaces (3, 3').

13. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the faces are broken.

14. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a groove and tongue system is formed in the supporting surfaces (3, 3').

15. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized In that a groove and groove system for receiving therein an insertable tongue is formed in the supporting surfaces (3, 3').

16. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 1, characterized In that means (8, 8', 10, 10', 12, 12') are provided in at least one abutting surface (6, 6') for fixing shaped bricks, which are laid in neighbouring relationship, within a layered bond.

17. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one lobe (8, 8') and one lobe receiving means (10, 10') are provided in each of the abutting surfaces (6, 6') in such a manner that the lobes (8, 8') of a first shaped brick engages into the correspondingly designed receiving means (10, 10') of a second neighbouring shaped brick.

18. A shaped brick (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one recess (12, 12') is formed and arranged in at least one abutting surface (6, 6') of the shaped brick in such a manner that, when two shaped bricks are laid side by side, the adjoining recesses 15 (12 and 12', respectively) form an opening which can be filled with concrete or with a preshaped anti-displacement element.