AU2024200787B1 - Passive balancing method and system for battery, electronic device, and storage medium - Google Patents
Passive balancing method and system for battery, electronic device, and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H02J7/977—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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Abstract
The present disclosure discloses a passive balancing method and system for a battery,
an electronic device, and a storage medium. The method includes determining whether
battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake-up
period based on a self-wake-up period, a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a
static voltage value, and a temperature value; sequencing and grouping, if so, all current
battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing; calculating an estimated
balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated
maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the
system; and calculating a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the
battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance
time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the
estimated balance time.
Abstract Drawing: FIG 4
Description
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of new energy batteries, and in particular, to a passive balancing method and system for a battery, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
[0002] With the rapid development and wide application of new energy battery technology, new energy batteries have become a preferred energy storage solution for many electric vehicles, energy storage systems and mobile devices. In addition, the consistency problem during use of batteries has received much attention. Due to differences in materials, processes, environments and other factors during production, there will be slight differences during charge and discharge of each battery unit, and the differences may lead to a rapid capacity loss of some battery units, thus reducing performance and life of an entire battery pack, or may even lead to safety problems.
[0003] In order to solve the consistency problem of each battery unit in the battery pack, there are some balancing methods, which mainly fall into energy dissipation type passive balancing methods and energy transfer type active balancing methods. Passive balancing uses a balancing switch and a bleeder resistor connected in parallel to a battery to consume energy of battery cells with a high voltage or a large capacity, so as to reduce a difference between different battery cells. Currently, battery management systems in the market mostly adopt a passive balancing method, which is simple in structure and mature in technology, and thus is widely used.
[0004] Currently, most battery management systems having a passive balancing function adopt a balancing strategy: at the end of charging, a voltage of each battery unit is monitored, a voltage difference between the battery units is calculated, and the balancing strategy and a control algorithm are formulated based on the characteristics and requirements of a battery group, for example, whether balancing is needed is determined based on a threshold of the voltage difference. The balancing method mainly has the following problems:
[0005] due to the existence of a charging polarization reaction, the voltage difference between battery units at the end of charging is amplified, and a collected voltage value is not a true open-circuit voltage value of the battery units, so that a state of charge
(SOC) value of each battery unit cannot be accurately estimated, only a rough balancing scheme can be made by comparing the voltage difference between the units, and conditions for balancing enabling and disenabling are formulated by experience. After charging, the battery voltage will gradually fall back for a long time, and a dynamic change in voltage of the battery units will lead to the failure to accurately estimate the time required for balancing. The influence of the loss on the bleeder resistor on the SOC of an entire battery system is not considered.
[0006] Therefore, a high-precision balancing method is needed.
[0007] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a passive balancing method and system for a battery, an electronic device, and a storage medium, which can statically balance the battery in a self-wake-up period, accurately calculate a balance time and a capacity loss by accurate capacity estimation of each battery unit and difference comparison between the battery units, so as to accurately and quantitatively compensate for an SOC value of the system.
[0008] To achieve the above objective, the present disclosure provides the following solutions.
[0009] A passive balancing method for a battery includes:
[0010] setting a self-wake-up period of a power management chip;
[0011] obtaining a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a static voltage value of each battery unit, and a temperature value of each battery unit;
[0012] determining whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake-up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value;
[0013] sequencing and grouping, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing;
[0014] calculating an estimated balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the system; and
[0015] calculating a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time, where the balancing capacity loss is used to compensate for a state of charge (SOC) of the system.
[0016] Optionally, the determining whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake-up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value specifically includes:
[0017] calculating an interval time between two uses based on the last shutdown time and the current startup time;
[0018] determining whether the interval time is equal to sleep duration of the self-wake up period to obtain a first determining result;
[0019] determining, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a self-wake-up state and determining an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit based on the static voltage value and the temperature value;
[0020] determining whether an SOC value corresponding to a battery cell with a current maximum cell voltage in the battery units in the current self-wake-up period is greater than a balancing protection value to obtain a second determining result;
[0021] determining, if the second determining result is yes, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the passive balancing enabling condition;
[0022] determining, if the second determining result is no, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period do not meet the passive balancing enabling condition; and
[0023] determining, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a manual wake-up state.
[0024] Optionally, the sequencing and grouping, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing specifically includes:
[0025] sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units;
[0026] setting a balancing SOC difference threshold based on the SOC value of a battery unit with a minimum voltage in all the battery units; and
[0027] determining the group needing passive balancing based on the sequenced SOC values and the balancing SOC difference threshold.
[0028] Optionally, an expression of the estimated balance time of the battery units is:
T =OC-(SOC + SOC, ) x Q, x SOH
[0029 11
[0030] where Tbais an estimated time required for balancing a battery unit x, SOCx is a current SOC value of the battery unit x, SOCmin is the SOC value corresponding to the battery unit with the minimum voltage, SOCth is the balancing SOC difference threshold, Iba is an average balance current, Qo is a rated cell capacity, and SOHx is a state of health (SOH) of the battery unit x.
[0031] Optionally, the calculating a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time specifically includes:
[0032] calculating, when the actual balance time is less than or equal to the estimated minimum balance time of the system, the balancing capacity loss based on the following formula:
soq.=iT X(SO-SoC")
[0033] " "4
[0034] where soc. is a capacity loss with balancing duration of T, TaIi is an estimated balance time of an ith battery unit in the group needing passive balancing, SOCi is an initial SOC of the ith battery unit, SOCtgt is a target SOC at the end of balancing, and n is a total number of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing; and T is the actual balance time;
[0035] calculating, when the actual balance time is greater than the estimated minimum balance time of the system and the actual balance time is less than the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the balancing capacity loss based on the following formula:
sc x(soc, soc,) (soc, soc')
[0036]
[0037] where k is a critical battery unit serial number in the system where the estimated balance time is equal to the current actual balance time, 1-k represent battery units whose estimated balance time is greater than the current balance time, and (k+1)-n represent battery units whose estimated balance time is less than the current balance time; and
[0038] calculating, when the actual balance time is greater than or equal to the estimated minimum balance time of the system, the balancing capacity loss based on the following formula:
SOC=( Soq - Sock)
[0039]
[0040] The present disclosure further provides a passive balancing system for a battery, including:
[0041] a setting module, configured to set a self-wake-up period of a power management chip;
[0042] an acquisition module, configured to obtain a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a static voltage value of each battery unit, and a temperature value of each battery unit;
[0043] a passive balancing condition determining module, configured to determine whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value;
[0044] a sequencing and grouping module, configured to sequence and group, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing;
[0045] a calculation module, configured to calculate an estimated balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the system; and
[0046] a balancing capacity loss determining module, configured to calculate a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time, where the balancing capacity loss is used to compensate for an SOC of the system.
[0047] Optionally, the passive balancing condition determining module specifically includes:
[0048] an interval time determining unit, configured to calculate an interval time between two uses based on the last shutdown time and the current startup time;
[0049] a first determining unit, configured to determine whether the interval time is equal to sleep duration of the self-wake-up period to obtain a first determining result;
[0050] a self-wake-up state determining unit, configured to determine, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a self-wake-up state and determine an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit based on the static voltage value and the temperature value;
[0051] a second determining unit, configured to determine whether an SOC value corresponding to a battery cell with a current maximum cell voltage in the battery units in the current self-wake-up period is greater than a balancing protection value to obtain a second determining result;
[0052] a passive balancing condition meeting determining unit, configured to determine, if the second determining result is yes, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the passive balancing enabling condition;
[0053] a passive balancing condition non-meeting determining unit, configured to determine, if the second determining result is no, the battery units in the current self wake-up period do not meet the passive balancing enabling condition; and
[0054] a manual wake-up state unit, configured to determine, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a manual wake-up state.
[0055] Optionally, the sequencing and grouping module specifically includes:
[0056] a sequencing unit, configured to sequence based on the SOC values of all the battery units;
[0057] a setting unit, configured to set a balancing SOC difference threshold based on the SOC value of a battery unit with a minimum voltage in all the battery units; and
[0058] a grouping unit, configured to determine the group needing passive balancing based on the sequenced SOC values and the balancing SOC difference threshold.
[0059] The present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including:
[0060] one or more processors; and
[0061] a storage apparatus storing one or more programs, where
[0062] when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implements the method.
[0063] The present disclosure further provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method.
[0064] According to specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure has the following technical effects:
[0065] According to the present disclosure, a self-wake-up period of a power management chip is set; a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a static voltage value of each battery unit, and a temperature value of each battery unit are obtained; whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake up period is determined based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value; when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units are sequenced and grouped to determine a group needing passive balancing; an estimated balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the system are calculated; and a balancing capacity loss is calculated based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time, where the balancing capacity loss is used to compensate for an SOC of the system. The battery is statically balanced in the self-wake-up period, and a balance time and a capacity loss are accurately calculated by accurate capacity estimation of each battery unit and difference comparison between the battery units, so as to accurately and quantitatively compensate for an SOC value of the system.
[0066] To describe the technical solutions in embodiments of the present disclosure or in the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings required for the embodiments are briefly described below. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description show merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other accompanying drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.
[0067] FIG. 1 is an architecture diagram of a passive balancing method for a battery according to the present disclosure;
[0068] FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a passive balancing method for a battery according to the present disclosure in actual application;
[0069] FIG. 3 is a hardware circuit diagram of passive balancing; and
[0070] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a passive balancing method for a battery according to the present disclosure.
[0071] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely some rather than all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0072] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a passive balancing method and system for a battery, an electronic device, and a storage medium, which can statically balance the battery in a self-wake-up period, accurately calculate a balance time and a capacity loss by accurate capacity estimation of each battery unit and difference comparison between the battery units, so as to accurately and quantitatively compensate for an SOC value of the system.
[0073] In order to make the above objective, features and advantages of the present disclosure clearer and more comprehensible, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in combination with accompanying drawings and specific implementations.
[0074] The present application discloses a passive balancing method for calculating a balance time and an SOC compensation. The method may be implemented by a battery management system (BMS). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a passive balancing method for a battery according to the present disclosure includes the following steps.
[0075] Step 101: Set a self-wake-up period of a power management chip. The self-wake up period Tpriof the power management chip is set. In one self-wake-up period, sleep duration Tsieep and wake-up duration Twakeup are set, and Tseep - Twakeup - Tperiod.
[0076] Specifically, before the BMS is shut down and powered off, a self-wake-up configuration instruction is written into a configuration register of the power management chip; a counter inside the power management chip loads an initial value based on a set wake-up period, and then automatically performs a subtraction operation; after duration of Tsieep, the value of the counter is reduced to 0, and then a wake-up event is triggered; and the power management chip outputs a supply voltage to wake up a main control chip to enable a BMS function.
[0077] Step 102: Obtain a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a static voltage value of each battery unit, and a temperature value of each battery unit. The BMS obtains time points of last shutdown and current startup by means of an internal nonvolatile memory and a real-time clock chip, and calculates an interval time At between two uses. The BMS collects static voltage values (V1 , V2 , . . , Vn) and temperature values (T1 , T 2 , ... ,
Tn) of all battery units, and obtains corresponding SOC values (SOC1 , SOC 2 , ..., SOCn) of the battery cells by looking up an SOC-open circuit voltage (OCV) table. The last shutdown and the current startup refer to startup and shutdown of the BMS.
[0078] Step 103: Determine whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake-up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value.
[0079] Step 103 specifically includes: calculating an interval time between two uses based on the last shutdown time and the current startup time; determining whether the interval time is equal to sleep duration of the self-wake-up period to obtain a first determining result; determining, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a self-wake-up state and determining an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit based on the static voltage value and the temperature value; determining whether an SOC value corresponding to a battery cell with a current maximum cell voltage in the battery units in the current self-wake-up period is greater than a balancing protection value to obtain a second determining result; determining, if the second determining result is yes, the battery units in the current self wake-up period meet the passive balancing enabling condition; determining, if the second determining result is no, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period do not meet the passive balancing enabling condition; and determining, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a manual wake-up state. The manual wake-up state indicates the end of balancing.
[0080] It is detected whether the battery in the current self-wake-up period meets the passive balancing enabling condition.
[0081] More specifically, the passive balancing enabling condition should meet the following.
[0082] R: It is verified whether the use interval time At is equal to the sleep duration Tsieep of the self-wake-up period. If At = Tsieep is met, it indicates that the battery is in the self-wake-up state instead of the manual wake-up state and has fully stood. At this time, the SOC value of each battery cell can be accurately obtained by checking the SOC-OCV table based on an open circuit voltage of the battery.
[0083] R2: On the basis of meeting the R1 condition, it is further determined whether the SOC value corresponding to the battery cell with the maximum cell voltage in all current battery units is greater than the balancing protection value. If the SOC value of the battery cell with the maximum cell voltage is less than the balancing protection value, it indicates that power of an entire battery system is at a low level, and passive balancing should not be performed at this time.
[0084] On the basis of meeting both R1 and R2 conditions, it is believed that the battery meets the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, and step 104 is performed.
[0085] Step 104: Sequence and group, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing.
[0086] Step 104 specifically includes: sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units; setting a balancing SOC difference threshold based on the SOC value of a battery unit with a minimum voltage in all the battery units; and determining the group needing passive balancing based on the sequenced SOC values and the balancing SOC difference threshold.
[0087] Allthe current battery cells are sequenced and marked in groups. One of the groups is marked as needing no balancing, and the other group is marked as needing passive balancing. Specifically, the basis of sequencing and grouping is: sequencing from large to small based on the actual SOC value of each battery unit, and then a batch of battery units with higher SOC values fall into a group (G1) needing passive balancing, while a batch of battery units with lower SOC values fall into a group (G2) needing no balancing.
[0088] Further, the grouping basis is to determine an SOC value SOCmin of the battery unit with the minimum voltage and set a balancing SOC difference threshold SOCth .If SOC, of any battery unit meets SOCx > SOCmin+ SOCth, the battery unit is marked as needing balancing, otherwise the battery unit is marked as needing no balancing.
[0089] Step 105: Calculate an estimated balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the system.
[0090] For battery units that fall into the group G1, the balance time of each of the units and the estimated maximum balance time and minimum balance time of the system are calculated.
[0091] Specifically, a formula for calculating the balance time of each battery unit is as follows:
Tb.= Soc-(SoC SoC)x Q x SOH,
[0092] sa
[0093] where Tbais an estimated time required for balancing a battery unit x, SOCx is a current SOC value of the battery unit x, SOCmin is the SOC value corresponding to the battery unit with the minimum voltage, SOCth is the balancing SOC difference threshold, Ibal is an average balance current, Qo is a rated cell capacity, and SOHx is an SOH of the battery unit x.
[0094] In the above formula, a formula for calculating the average balance current Iba is as follows:
[0095] R
[0096] where V, is a current static voltage value of the battery unit x, Vmin is a static voltage value of the battery unit with the minimum voltage, and Ral is a resistance value of a balancing bleeder resistor connected to the battery unit x in parallel.
[0097] The average balance current formula is substituted into the formula of the balance time of each battery unit, so that the balance time Tal_1, Tbal_2, ..., and baln of all the battery cells x in the group G1 can be finally calculated, where the maximum value Tbalmax is the estimated maximum balance time of the entire system, and the minimum value Tal_min is the estimated minimum balance time of the entire system.
[0098] Step 106: Calculate a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time, where the balancing capacity loss is used to compensate for an SOC of the system.
[0099] In practical application, after step 106, it is still necessary to determine whether the actual balance time reaches the estimated maximum balance time of the system or whether the wake-up ends to enter a sleep state, and if yes, the balancing ends, or if not, the process returns to step 106.
[0100] The calculating a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time specifically includes:
[0101] calculating, when the actual balance time is less than or equal to the estimated minimum balance time of the system, that is, if T s min{Tail, Tbal_2,..., Tbal_n}, that is, the balance time T is less than the estimated balance time of any battery unit in the group G1, the balancing capacity loss based on the following formula: SOC, = i T x (SOc- soc,,
[0102]
[0103] where soc- is a capacity loss with balancing duration of T, Tali is an estimated balance time of an ith battery unit in the group needing passive balancing, SOCi is an initial SOC of the ith battery unit, SOCgt is a target SOC at the end of balancing, and n is a total number of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing; and T is the actual balance time.
[0104] When the actual balance time is greater than the estimated minimum balance time of the system and the actual balance time is less than the estimated maximum balance time of the system, that is, if T > min{Tai_1, Tbal_2,..., Tbal-n}, and T < max{Tbail, Tbal_2,..., Tbaln}, that is, the balance time T is between the minimum value and the maximum value of the estimated balance time in the group G1, the balancing capacity loss is calculated based on the following formula: k(k<n) T n SOC,. = I -x ( SOC, - SOC, + ( SOC, - SOC,
[0105 =1 T
[0106] where k is a critical battery unit serial number in the system where the estimated balance time is equal to the current actual balance time, 1-k represent battery units whose estimated balance time is greater than the current balance time, and (k+1)-n represent battery units whose estimated balance time is less than the current balance time.
[0107] When the actual balance time is greater than or equal to the estimated minimum balance time of the system, that is, if T >max{Ta_1, Tbal_2,..., Tai_n}, that is, the balance time T is greater than the estimated balance time of any battery unit in the group G1, the balancing capacity loss is calculated based on the following formula:
socs,=( SOC - soc)
[0108] i=1
[0109] According to the present disclosure, based on a self-wake-up function of the battery management system, the battery is statically balanced in the self-wake-up period, and a balance time and a capacity loss are accurately calculated by accurate capacity estimation of each battery unit and difference comparison between the battery units, so as to quantitatively compensate for an SOC value of the system, thereby effectively overcoming the shortcomings of an existing passive balancing method listed above, and providing a better solution for the passive balancing method for a battery and corresponding parameter calculation.
[0110] As shown in FIG. 1, according to the present disclosure, a self-wake-up period of the BMS may be configured by a power management module in the battery management system, and a function of passive balancing, SOC compensation calculation, and the like are performed in the self-wake-up period. The specific implementation method includes the following steps.
[0111] S: Set the self-wake-up period Tperod of the power management chip by a microcontroller unit (MCU). Before the BMS is shut down and powered off, the MCU writes a self-wake-up configuration instruction into the configuration register of the power management chip. In one self-wake-up period, sleep duration Tsieep and wake-up duration Twakeup are set, and Tsieep - Twakeup = Tperiod.
[0112] After the configuration is completed, the MCU is powered off to sleep, and main functions of the BMS are disenabled, while the power management chip is always operating due to external power supply. The counter inside the power management chip loads an initial value based on a set wake-up period, and then automatically performs a subtraction operation. After duration of Tsieep, the value of the counter is reduced to 0, and then a wake-up event is triggered. The power management chip outputs a supply voltage to wake up the MCU, and the main functions of the BMS are enabled.
[0113] In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the self-wake-up period Tperiod
= 24 h, the wake-up duration Twakeup = 2 h, and the sleep duration Tsieep = 22 h are set.
[0114] S2: Further, after the MCU is waked up, read a last shutdown time ti stored in a nonvolatile memory, obtain a startup time t 2 of a current wake-up time by reading an internal register of a real-time clock chip, and then calculate an interval time At = t 2 - t1 between two uses.
[0115] S3: Control, by the MCU, a voltage acquisition module to operate, and periodically collect, by the BMS, voltage information and temperature information of all battery units. At this time, the battery management system is in the self-wake-up state instead of being waken up manually, and there is no charging or discharging current, so the battery is in a static state, and collected values are all static voltage values of the battery, which are denoted as V 1, V 2 , . . , and Vn. In addition, the temperature information of the battery units is collected, and is denoted as T 1, T 2 , . . , and T,. Based on a corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the SOC of the battery, corresponding SOC values of all battery units are obtained by looking up the SOC-OCV table, and are denoted as SOC1 , SOC 2 , . . , and SOCn.
[0116] In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, a battery with a rated cell capacity Qo of 10 Ah, a rated cell voltage of 3.22 V and battery health of 100% was selected and a battery pack composed of 8S in series was tested. In a self-wake-up period of the battery management system, collected static voltage value, temperature values and corresponding SOC results of battery units were as follows.
[0117] Table 1 Collected BMS results in a self-wake-up period
[0118] Celli Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 4 Cells Cell 6 Cell 7 Cells V(V) 3.326 3.325 3.326 3.330 3.328 3.327 3.332 3.326
T(°C) 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 SOC 63% 62% 63% 73% 68% 66% 800/% 630%
[0119] It was readily concluded that Vmax = 3.332 V, Vmin = 3.325 V, SOCmax = 80% and SOCmin = 62%.
[0120] On the basis of FIGS. 1 and 2 and steps S1 to S3, a balancing strategy and a compensation method are further given based on collected parameters and calculation results of the BMS in the self-wake-up period.
[0121] S4: Detect whether the battery in the current self-wake-up period meets a passive balancing enabling condition.
[0122] In this embodiment, a balancing SOC protection value was set to 10%, and SOCmax = 80% corresponding to Cell7 was greater than the balancing protection value, which met the passive balancing enabling condition.
[0123] S5: Sequence and mark all the current battery cells in groups, where one of the groups is marked as needing no balancing, and the other group is marked as needing passive balancing.
[0124] In this embodiment, the balancing SOC difference threshold was set to SOCth= 5% , and results of sequencing eight battery units based on SOC values from large to small are as follows: ( 0 Celly-80> () Ce114-73%> @ Cell-68%>@ Ce16-66%6> TCelli-63%>©(6
[01251 Cel13-63%o(cells-63%>@ce2-62%
[0126] The above battery units were grouped. ( ( had an SOC > 62% + 5% = 67%, and fell into a group G1QD1Q)) needing passive balancing, and the remaining battery units fell into a group G2(@@@®Q@) needing no balancing.
[0127] S6: For battery units that fall into the G1 group, calculate the balance time of each of the units and the estimated maximum balance time and minimum balance time of the system.
[0128] As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, balancing bleeder resistors Ral connected to the battery units in parallel each had a resistance value of 60 Q. Based on a formula of the balance time and the average balance current of each battery unit, the balance time of the three battery units in the group G1 might be calculated as follows:
1SOC, - _(SOC +SOC) X Qx SOH = 80%-(62%+5%) x 10 = 23.4h
[0129] (V7 +S+/ (2x RO) (3.332+3.325) /(2 x 60)
T o C-(SOC-+SO C) XQxSOH 73%-(62%+5%) x10=10.8h 101301 +T )/(2xR,) (3.330+3.325)/(2x 60) , and
SOC.-( SOC,,+±SOC,,) 68%__-_62%+_5%_ T x+ x xSOH= 68%-(62%±5%) x10=1.8h
[0131]) (+ /(2 xR,,,) (3.328+3.325) / (2x60)
[0132] It was concluded based on the above calculation results that the maximum balance time of the entire system was TI_max = 23.4 h, and the minimum balance time was Tal_min = 1.8 h.
[0133] S7. Calculate a balancing capacity loss in real time based on an actual balance time.
[0134] In this embodiment, the set self-wake-up period T was 24 h, and the wake-up duration Twakeup was 2 h. Based on step S6, the maximum balance time of the system was calculated to be 23.4 h and the minimum balance time was calculated to be 1.8 h. Therefore, within 2 hours of the BMS wake-up operation, as the actual balance time T increased, a case of calculating the balancing capacity loss of the system would also change. A specific calculation process was as follows:
[0135] When 0 < T < 1.8 h, the condition of the first case mentioned above was met, and the balancing capacity loss at this time was:
SOC,.= x(SOC-SOC)
= T ( 8 0 % -67%)+ T (73%-67%)+ Tx (68% - 67%) 23.4 10.8 1.8
[0136]
[0137] When 1.8 h < T 2 h, the condition of the second case mentioned above is met, and the balancing capacity loss at this time was: T soc",=>I -X (Soq - Soc"g4+ (SOc,- SOCr')
= x (80%-67%)+ x (73%-67%)+(68%-67%)
[0138] 23.4 10.8
[0139] Further, the capacity loss of the battery system due to passive balancing might be calculated in one self-wake-up period. That is, when T = Twakeup = 2 h, the balancing capacity loss in one wake-up duration was:
-67%) +x(73% - 67%)+(68% - 67%)=3.22% 101401 oca =2 x(so%
[0141] From the above calculation, it can be seen that the capacity loss of passive balancing has a certain impact on the actual SOC of the system, and the impact is more obvious in a small-capacity battery system. If this loss value is ignored directly, an accumulated error will become larger and larger, resulting in a large deviation of the SOC of the entire system.
[0142] S8: Compensate for the SOC of the system based on the real-time capacity loss value calculated in step S7.
[0143] The present disclosure further provides a passive balancing system for a battery, including:
[0144] a setting module, configured to set a self-wake-up period of a power management chip;
[0145] an acquisition module, configured to obtain a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a static voltage value of each battery unit, and a temperature value of each battery unit;
[0146] a passive balancing condition determining module, configured to determine whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value;
[0147] a sequencing and grouping module, configured to sequence and group, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing;
[0148] a calculation module, configured to calculate an estimated balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the system; and
[0149] a balancing capacity loss determining module, configured to calculate a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time, where the balancing capacity loss is used to compensate for an SOC of the system.
[0150] In an optional implementation, the passive balancing condition determining module specifically includes:
[0151] an interval time determining unit, configured to calculate an interval time between two uses based on the last shutdown time and the current startup time;
[0152] a first determining unit, configured to determine whether the interval time is equal to sleep duration of the self-wake-up period to obtain a first determining result;
[0153] a self-wake-up state determining unit, configured to determine, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a self-wake-up state and determine an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit based on the static voltage value and the temperature value;
[0154] a second determining unit, configured to determine whether an SOC value corresponding to a battery cell with a current maximum cell voltage in the battery units in the current self-wake-up period is greater than a balancing protection value to obtain a second determining result;
[0155] a passive balancing condition meeting determining unit, configured to determine, if the second determining result is yes, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the passive balancing enabling condition;
[0156] a passive balancing condition non-meeting determining unit, configured to determine, if the second determining result is no, the battery units in the current self wake-up period do not meet the passive balancing enabling condition; and
[0157] a manual wake-up state unit, configured to determine, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a manual wake-up state.
[0158] In an optional implementation, the sequencing and grouping module specifically includes:
[0159] a sequencing unit, configured to sequence based on the SOC values of all the battery units;
[0160] a setting unit, configured to set a balancing SOC difference threshold based on the SOC value of a battery unit with a minimum voltage in all the battery units; and
[0161] a grouping unit, configured to determine the group needing passive balancing based on the sequenced SOC values and the balancing SOC difference threshold.
[0162] The present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including one or more processors; and a storage apparatus storing one or more programs, where when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implements the method.
[0163] The present disclosure further provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method.
[0164] According to the present disclosure, by the static estimation of the capacity of each battery unit and the comparison between the battery units, the time required and the capacity loss during the passive balancing are accurately calculated, and the current SOC is quantitatively compensated for, thereby solving the problem of inaccurate system SOC value caused by ignorance of a loss of a current on a bleeder resistor. By formulating a passive balancing strategy, the function of passive balancing is performed during self wake-up of the BMS, the balancing state of each battery cell is observed, the balance current and balance time of each battery cell are calculated, the capacity losses during the balancing are sequentially calculated, and finally the SOC is compensated for based on the capacity loss value.
[0165] The present disclosure specifically has the following advantages:
[0166] According to the present disclosure, the periodic self-wake-up of the BMS is realized by the power management module, and the battery is statically balanced during the wake-up period, thereby solving the problem that an existing balancing method cannot accurately estimate an SOC of each battery cell because a collected voltage value is not a true OCV value of a battery when a polarization reaction of the battery has not completely dissipated at the end of charging.
[0167] According to the present disclosure, the SOC values of all static battery units are obtained by using the SOC-OCV table and then are sequenced and grouped, and balancing enabling and disenabling conditions are determined.
[0168] According to the present disclosure, the general formula for calculating the balance time is given. The balance time of all battery units that need balancing can be calculated by using this general formula, and then the maximum balance time and the minimum balance time in the entire system can be calculated.
[0169] According to the present disclosure, a quantitative calculation method for a balancing capacity loss and SOC compensation is provided, classified discussion is performed on the balance time of the system, and calculation formulas for the capacity loss and the SOC compensation in different cases are given.
[0170] According to the present disclosure, by the calculation of the specific embodiments, it indicates that the capacity loss on the bleeder resistors during passive balancing has a certain impact on the actual SOC of the system, and this impact is more obvious on a small-capacity battery system. This problem can be effectively solved by using the method of the present disclosure, and a better solution is also provided for the passive balancing method for a battery and corresponding parameter calculation.
[0171] Embodiments of this description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and for the same and similar parts between the embodiments, reference may be made to each other. Since the system disclosed in an embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in an embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for related contents, reference may be made to the description of the method.
[0172] Specific examples are used herein for illustration of principles and implementations of the present disclosure. The descriptions of the above embodiments are merely used for assisting in understanding the method of the present disclosure and its core ideas. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes in terms of specific implementations and the scope of application in accordance with the ideas of the present disclosure. In conclusion, the content of this description shall not be construed as limitations to the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A passive balancing method for a battery, comprising: setting a self-wake-up period of a power management chip; obtaining a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a static voltage value of each battery unit, and a temperature value of each battery unit; determining whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake-up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value; sequencing and grouping, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing; calculating an estimated balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the system; and calculating a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time, wherein the balancing capacity loss is used to compensate for a state of charge (SOC) of the system.
2. The passive balancing method for a battery according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake-up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value specifically comprises: calculating an interval time between two uses based on the last shutdown time and the current startup time; determining whether the interval time is equal to sleep duration of the self-wake-up period to obtain a first determining result; determining, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a self-wake-up state and determining an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit based on the static voltage value and the temperature value; determining whether an SOC value corresponding to a battery cell with a current maximum cell voltage in the battery units in the current self-wake-up period is greater than a balancing protection value to obtain a second determining result; determining, if the second determining result is yes, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the passive balancing enabling condition; determining, if the second determining result is no, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period do not meet the passive balancing enabling condition; and determining, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a manual wake-up state.
3. The passive balancing method for a battery according to claim 2, wherein the sequencing and grouping, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing specifically comprises: sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units; setting a balancing SOC difference threshold based on the SOC value of a battery unit with a minimum voltage in all the battery units; and determining the group needing passive balancing based on the sequenced SOC values and the balancing SOC difference threshold.
4. The passive balancing method for a battery according to claim 1, wherein an expression of the estimated balance time of the battery units is: SOC -(SOC± + SOC') x Q, x SOH InI
wherein Tba is an estimated time required for balancing a battery unit x, SOCx is a current SOC value of the battery unit x, SOCmin is the SOC value corresponding to the battery unit with the minimum voltage, SOCth is the balancing SOC difference threshold, Ibal is an average balance current, Qo is a rated cell capacity, and SOHx is a state of health (SOH) of the battery unit x.
5. The passive balancing method for a battery according to claim 1, wherein the calculating a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time specifically comprises: calculating, when the actual balance time is less than or equal to the estimated minimum balance time of the system, the balancing capacity loss based on the following formula:
SOC,=-TT x(SOC -SOC) 2=1 bd~i
wherein SOCI- is a capacity loss with balancing duration of T, Tali is an estimated balance time of an ith battery unit in the group needing passive balancing, SOCi is an initial SOC of the ith battery unit, SOCgt is a target SOC at the end of balancing, and n is a total number of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing; and T is the actual balance time; calculating, when the actual balance time is greater than the estimated minimum balance time of the system and the actual balance time is less than the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the balancing capacity loss based on the following formula: k(k') T Soc, = x (SOC - SOCj + (Soc - Soc, )
i=1 I b i i
wherein k is a critical battery unit serial number in the system where the estimated balance time is equal to the current actual balance time, 1-k represent battery units whose estimated balance time is greater than the current balance time, and (k+1)-n represent battery units whose estimated balance time is less than the current balance time; and calculating, when the actual balance time is greater than or equal to the estimated minimum balance time of the system, the balancing capacity loss based on the following formula:
socj . (SOC, - SOC')
6. A passive balancing system for a battery, comprising: a setting module, configured to set a self-wake-up period of a power management chip; an acquisition module, configured to obtain a last shutdown time, a current startup time, a static voltage value of each battery unit, and a temperature value of each battery unit; a passive balancing condition determining module, configured to determine whether battery units meet a passive balancing enabling condition in a current self-wake-up period based on the self-wake-up period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value, and the temperature value; a sequencing and grouping module, configured to sequence and group, when the battery units meet the passive balancing enabling condition in the current self-wake-up period, all current battery units to determine a group needing passive balancing; a calculation module, configured to calculate an estimated balance time of battery units in the group needing passive balancing, an estimated maximum balance time of a system and an estimated minimum balance time of the system; and a balancing capacity loss determining module, configured to calculate a balancing capacity loss based on an actual balance time of the battery units in the group needing passive balancing, the estimated maximum balance time of the system, the estimated minimum balance time of the system, and the estimated balance time, wherein the balancing capacity loss is used to compensate for an SOC of the system.
7. The passive balancing system for a battery according to claim 6, wherein the passive balancing condition determining module specifically comprises: an interval time determining unit, configured to calculate an interval time between two uses based on the last shutdown time and the current startup time; a first determining unit, configured to determine whether the interval time is equal to sleep duration of the self-wake-up period to obtain a first determining result; a self-wake-up state determining unit, configured to determine, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a self-wake-up state and determine an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit based on the static voltage value and the temperature value; a second determining unit, configured to determine whether an SOC value corresponding to a battery cell with a current maximum cell voltage in the battery units in the current self-wake-up period is greater than a balancing protection value to obtain a second determining result; a passive balancing condition meeting determining unit, configured to determine, if the second determining result is yes, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the passive balancing enabling condition; a passive balancing condition non-meeting determining unit, configured to determine, if the second determining result is no, the battery units in the current self-wake-up period do not meet the passive balancing enabling condition; and a manual wake-up state unit, configured to determine, if the first determining result is yes, that the battery units in the current self-wake-up period are in a manual wake up state.
8. The passive balancing system for a battery according to claim 7, wherein the sequencing and grouping module specifically comprises: a sequencing unit, configured to sequence based on the SOC values of all the battery units; a setting unit, configured to set a balancing SOC difference threshold based on the SOC value of a battery unit with a minimum voltage in all the battery units; and a grouping unit, configured to determine the group needing passive balancing based on the sequenced SOC values and the balancing SOC difference threshold.
9. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; and a storage apparatus storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. A computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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