AU2016200845A1

AU2016200845A1 - Water Cooled Microchannel Condenser

Info

Publication number: AU2016200845A1
Application number: AU2016200845A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Steve Pfister
Original assignee: Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC
Current assignee: Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC
Priority date: 2015-03-11
Filing date: 2016-02-10
Publication date: 2016-09-29
Also published as: CN105972848A; BR102016005257A2; US20160265814A1; EP3073218A1

Abstract

WATER COOLED MICROCHANNEL CONDENSER The present application provides a condenser for a cascade refrigeration system. The condenser may include an outer shell, a microchannel coil, an ammonia refrigerant flowing through the microchannel coil, and a water based coolant flowing through the outer shell for heat exchange with the ammonia refrigerant. 160, r-220 20160, 2-40 270 -- 6L L" 190 r-260

Description

WATER COOLED MICROCHANNEL CONDENSER TECHNICAL FIELD |Dili) 11 The present application and the resultant patent relate generally to refrigeration systems and more particularly relate to cascade refrigeration systems with a water cooled, microchannel condenser for use with a high side ammonia based cooling cycle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[(HH)2| Cascade refrigeration systems generally include a first side cooling cycle, or a high side, and a second side cooling cycle, or a low' side cooling cycle. The two cooling cycles interface through a common heat exchanger, i.e., a cascade evaporator-condenser. The cascade refrigeration system may provide cooling at very low temperatures in a highly efficient manner.

[(101131 Current refrigeration trends promote the use of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other types of natural refrigerants instead of conventional hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants. Moreover, there is an interest in improving the overall efficiency of such natural refrigerant based refrigeration systems at least as compared to the hydrofluorocarbon based systems. Further, there is a desire in limiting the overall charge of ammonia used therein so as to mitigate costs as well as potential usage risks and the like. |0004| There is thus a desire for an improved refrigeration system such as a cascade refrigeration system that provides cooling with increased efficiency with natural refrigerants. Moreover, there is a desire for such improved cascade refrigeration systems to limit the overall charge of the ammonia based refrigerant therein in a safe and efficient manner.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION |0005| It is an object of the present invention to address at least one of the above noted issues associated with related art systems, or to at least provide a useful alternative to related art systems.

[00061 lire present application and the resulting patent thus provide a condenser for a cascade refrigeration system. The condenser may include an outer shell, a microchannel coil, an ammonia refrigerant flowing through die microchannel coil, and a water based coolant flowing through the outer shell for heat exchange with the ammonia refrigerant.

[0007| The present application and the resultant patent further provide herein a cascade refrigeration system. The cascade refrigeration system may include a low side cycle and a high side cycle. The high side cycle may include a water cooled, microchannel heat exchanger. 1001)8 j The present application and the resultant patent further provide herein a cascade refrigeration system. The cascade refrigeration system may include a low side cycle with a carbon dioxide refrigerant and a high side cycle with an ammonia refrigerant. The high side cycle may include a water cooled condenser with a microchannel coil therein. |0009| These and other features and improvements of the present application and the resultant patent will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention when taken in conjunction with the several drawings and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[IKI10| Fig. 1 a schematic diagram of a cascade refrigeration system with a high side cycle and a low side cycle. | (10111 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water cooled, microchannel condenser as may be described herein. 100121 Fig. 3 is a side view of the water cooled, microchannel condenser of Fig. 2. |00131 Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of the water cooled, microchannel condenser of Fig. 2.

[0014| F ig. 5 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a water cooled, microchannel condenser as may be described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION jUIJISI Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals refer to like elements throughout the several views, Fig. 1 shows an example of a cascade refrigeration system 100. The cascade refrigeration system 100 may be used to cool any type of enclosure for use in, for example, supermarkets, cold storage, and the like. The cascade refrigeration system 100 also may be applicable to heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and/or different types of commercial or industrial applications. The overall cascade refrigeration system 100 may have any suitable size, shape, configuration, or capacity. E00161 Generally described, the cascade refrigeration system may include a first side or a high side cycle 110 and a second side or a low side cycle 120. The high side cycle 110 may include one or more high side compressors 130, a high side condenser 140, and a high side expansion valve 150. Additional components also may be used herein. The high side cycle 110 may include a flow of a natural refrigerant 160. The natural refrigerant 160 may include a flow of ammonia 170. Other types of refrigerants may be used herein. The high side cycle 110 and the components therein may have any suitable size, shape, configuration, or capacity. Other components and other configurations may be used herein. | (Κ117 S In most known cascade refrigeration systems, the high side condenser 140 typically may be a brazed plate heat exchanger, a copper tube and aluminum fin heat exchanger, and die like. The high side condenser 140 may be water cooled via a flow of water 180 and/or glycol based mixtures. Such known condensers may have a limited operating temperature gradient. j(NilS| The low side cycle 120 may include one or more low side compressors 190, a low side vapor separator tank 200, a medium temperature loop 210, and a low temperature loop 220. The medium temperature loop 210 may include a pump 230 and one or more medium temperature evaporators 240. The low temperature loop 220 may include a low side expansion valve 250 and one or more low temperature evaporators 260. Additional components also may be used herein. The low side cycle 120 may include a natural refrigerant 160 in the form of a flow of carbon dioxide 270 and the like. Other types of refrigerants may be used herein. The components of the low side cycle 120 may have any suitable size, shape, configuration, or capacity. Other components and other configurations may be used herein. |(K)19| The two cycles 110, 120 may interface through a cascade evaporator/condenser 280. Specifically, the respective flows of refrigerant 170, 270 may exchange heat via the cascade evaporator/condenser 280. The cascade evaporator/condenser 280 may have any suitable size, shape, configuration, or capacity. Other components and other configurations may be used herein.

[(Kill)| The flow of ammonia 170 may be compressed by the high side compressor 130 and condensed in the high side condenser 140. The flow of ammonia 170 may pass through the high side expansion valve 150 and exchange heat in the cascade evaporator/condenser 280. Likewise, the carbon dioxide refrigerant 270 may be compressed by the low side compressor 190 and pass through the cascade evaporator/condenser 280 to exchange heat therein. The carbon dioxide refrigerant 270 may be separated in the vapor separator tank 200 and passed through the medium temperature loop 210 and the low temperature loop 220. The respective refrigeration cycles may then repeat herein.

[(10211 Figs. 2-4 show an example of a water cooled, microehannel condenser 300. The water cooled, microehannel condenser 300 may include an outer shell 310. In this example, the outer shell 310 may take a plate like or a clam shell-like appearance 315. Other shapes and configurations may be used herein. The outer shell 310 may define an interior fluid space 320 therein. The water cooled, microehannel condenser 300 also may include a microehannel coil 330. The microehannel coil 330 may be made out of aluminum and/or alloys thereof in whole or in part for good heat exchange therethrough. The microehannel coil 330 may extend through the outer shell 310 and into the interior fluid space 320. The microehannel coil 330 may be considered to “float” within the interior fluid space 320.

[(1(122] The water cooled, microehannel condenser 300 may include a shell fluid inlet 340 and a shell fluid outlet 350. The shell fluid inlet 340 and the shelf fluid outlet 350 may be in communication with the interior fluid space 320. A number of web flow diverters 360 may be positioned within the interior fluid space 320 so as to promote the agitation of the fluid therein. The water cooled, microehannel condenser 300 may include a microehannel fluid inlet 370 and a microehannel fluid outlet 380. The microehannel fluid inlet 370 and the microehannel fluid outlet 380 may be in communication with the microehannel coil 330. The water cooled, microehannel condenser 300, and the components thereof, may have any suitable size, shape, configuration, or capacity. Other components and other configurations may be used herein. 101)231 In use, the flow of ammonia 170 flows to the water cooled, microchannel condenser 300 via the high side compressors 130. The flow of ammonia 170 enters via the microchannel fluid inlet 370, passes through the microchannel coil 330 within the interior fluid space 320, and exits via the microchannel fluid outlet 380. Likewise, the flow of water or other coolant enters the water cooled, microchannel condenser 300 via the shell fluid inlet 340. The water 180 fills the interior fluid space 220 and exchanges heat with the flow of ammonia 170 within the microchannel coil 330. The web flow diverters 360 may cause turbulence therein for enhanced heat transfer. The flow of water 180 then exits the interior fluid space 320 via the microchannel fluid outlet 380. The flow7 of water 180 may be reused or recycled as appropriate. |(HI24| Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a water cooled, microchannel condenser 400 as may be described herein. Instead of the “clam shell” shape of the outer shell 310 described above, in this example an outer shell 410 may take more of a cylinder like shape 420 and the like. The outer shell 410 may take other shapes and sizes. The cylinder 420 defines the interior fluid space 320 for the microchannel coil 330 as well as the associated inlets 340, 370 and outlets 350, 380. Other components and other configurations may be used herein. |(HI25| The use of the water cooled, microchannel condensers 300, 400 may provide improved efficiency for the overall cascade refrigeration system 100. The use of the microehannei coil 330 provides an ammonia charge reduction as compared to conventional condensers given the reduced cross-sectional area therein. Moreover, the microehannei coil 330 may provide higher overall operating temperature gradients given the use of the aluminum. The improved efficiency with the lower ammonia charge thus may provide for an overall cost advantage herein.

[ (11126 j In addition to the flow of ammonia 170, a flow of carbon dioxide or other refrigerants may be used herein. If carbon dioxide is used, the microehannei coil 330 may be used but not called a condenser. Rather, the microehannei coil 330 may be positioned within the outer shell 310 in what may be described as a fluid (carbon dioxide and the like) to fluid (water and the like) heat exchanger. Other components and other configurations may be used herein. | (1027j It should be apparent that the foregoing relates only to certain embodiments of the present application and the resultant patent. Numerous changes and modifications may be made herein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the general spirit and scope of the invention as defined by die following claims and the equivalents thereof. 10028j The terms “comprising”, “including”, and variations thereof, when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof. Thus, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words ‘comprise’, ‘comprising’, ‘includes’, ‘including’ and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.

Claims

1. A condenser for a cascade refrigeration system, comprising: an outer shell; a nucrochannel coil; an ammonia refrigerant flowing through the microchannel coil; and a water based coolant flowing through the outer shell for heat exchange with the ammonia refrigerant.

2. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises a plate like shape.

3. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises a cylinder like shape.

4. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises an interior fluid space.

5. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises a shell fluid inlet and a shell fluid outlet.

6. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises a plurality of flow directors therein.

7. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the rnicrochannei coil comprises aluminum.

8. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the rnicrochannei coil comprises a rnicrochannei fluid inlet and a rnicrochannei fluid outlet.

9. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the rnicrochannei coil floats within the outer shell.

10. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the water based coolant comprises glycol.

11. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the ammonia refrigerant exchanges heat with the water based coolant within the outer shell.

12. The condenser of claim 1, wherein the ammonia refrigerant condenses within the outer shell.

13. A cascade refrigeration system, comprising: a low side cycle; and a high side cycle; the high side cycle comprising a water cooled, microchannel heat exchanger.

14. The cascade refrigeration system of claim 13, wherein the high side cycle comprises an ammonia refrigerant or a carbon dioxide refrigerant.

15. The cascade refrigeration system of claim 13, wherein the water cooled, microchannel heat exchanger comprises an outer shell and a microchannel coil therein.