PJQ I r%%LIP% Patents Act 1990 Complete Specification Innovation Patent High Efficiency Illuminator The following statement is a full description of this Invention, including the best method of performing it known to us: 1 References Foreign Patent documents RU 2006103270 6/2006 Abramov et al. Other publications (1) P. Waltereit, 0. Brandt, A. Trampert, H.T. Grahn, J. Menniger, M. Ramsteiner, M. Reiche, and K.H. Ploog, Nature 406, 865 (2000). (2) S.H. Park and S.L. Chuang, Phys. Rev. B 59, 4725 (1999). Brief description of the drawings/attachments Fig 1 shows a typical collection of five different Lighting Fixtures with reference to table lamps 1, a simple batten Fixture with a single lamp 2, and a tethered Lighting Fixture 3 and a complex Chandelier 4. Fig 2 depicts examples of Lighting Fixtures with fixed bases but with movable Lamp units. Fig 3 shows examples of Bi-pin 5, 6 Lamps and with a typical tungsten filament 7. Fig 4 shows typical examples of Bayonet Cap 8 Lamps with tungsten filaments 9 Fig 5 shows an example of a globe with an Edison Screw E26 11 mount Incandescent lamp showing the tungsten filament 10. Fig 6 shows an example of a Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) with a Bayonet cap mount. Fig 7 shows examples of T5 pin arrangement 12 and a T12 pin arrangement 13 of Fluorescent lamps compared to a match. Fig 8 shows examples of modern art LED Retro-fit Lamps with Edison Screw mounting caps with light diffusers 14 and heat sink protrusions. Fig 9 shows an example of a twist lock GU10 lamp with the twist lock pins 15. 2 Fig 10 shows illustrated examples for representative comparison (not to scale) of conventional prior art High Brightness LEDs 16, 17 compared to the low-polar HEHB LEDs 18, 19. Fig 11 shows an example of early art Bayonet cap mount (male plug 21) and matching Fixture socket (female socket 20). Fig 12 shows an example of an LED Lamp Module's printed Circuit Board (PCB) 24 showing LED Dice 23 mounted to a PCB24 with PCM circuit components integrated on the PCB 22. Fig 13 shows a chart of commonly recognised removably attached lamp fixing configurations with some dimensions. Fig 14 shows a PAR36 Stage Light lamp as an example of a sealed beam lamp with screw wire terminals. Fig 15 shows an example of a very early art Illuminator attached to a table lamp Fixture. Fig 16 shows an example of a modern High Efficiency Sodium Vapour Edison Screw E40 Base 600w, 90,0001m Illuminator. Fig 17 shows 2 views of a special retrofit Illuminator adaptor for use with a new low polar HEHB LED Illuminator to enable it to source power from an early art Fixture's lamp socket showing the BC B22 style connector plug 27 that will mate to the early art Fixture's pre-existing lamp socket, optionally encased PCM 26, and low-polar HEHB LED Illuminator receiver socket 25 depicting a unique socket shape.. Fig 18 shows an LED Fixture with an attached inline but remotely attached PCM housing 29 with inline bayonet cap type plug connector 28. Fig 19 shows diagram of a graph of the evolution of Lamp Technology showing Lamp Efficacy versus time. Fig 20 shows examples of three Tesla ac LEDs. 3 Fig 21 shows one example of a "Synjet" cooler with attached heat sink. Fig 22 shows a perspective exploded view of one preferred embodiment of the invention with an example of a Bayonet cap plug 30, a housing with a heat sink element with many fins 31, an inner surface 32 to mount the PCM 33 PCB, an LED Lamp Module 34, which has an inner mounting surface 35 to mount the LED Lamp's PCB 36 which comprises the low-polar HEHB LEDs 37, an optics element (reflector) 38 which doubles as a protective outer housing portion for the Illuminator, and Illuminator front cover 39. Fig 23 shows one preferred embodiment of the invention being a removably attached Illuminator containing a base with attached BC cap type plug connector 40, a housing containing a PCM with attached low-polar HEHB LED(s) 41, and an Illuminator cover slightly translucent to diffuse the emitted light 42. Fig 24 shows a schematic of a PCM PCB incorporating the Texas Instruments TI LM3445 LED driver IC 43. Fig 25 shows a construction of a PCM PCB with a Texas Instruments TI LM3445 driver IC 44. Fig 26 is a drawing (not to scale) of the various substrate layers in the epitaxial growth of a prior art GaN HB LED die where the initial growth substrate layer is Sapphire A1 2 0 3 . Fig 27 shows the crystal lattice structure of GaN, as well as the arrangement of the semi-polar R plane, and the non-polar A and M planes. Fig 28 is an example of a parabolic reflector with a point source of sample light rays emitting forwards, but only showing those light rays bouncing off the reflector. Fig 29 is an example of a parabolic reflector with a point source of sample light rays emitting forwards, showing those light rays bouncing off the reflector as well as those rays that emerge from the reflector without bouncing off the reflector's surface. 4 I lu#1'J CalO I U^aOI I ipiu V CAI VA1 AkivlJJI, I 1UII1ULIJI VYILI I CA I I I1UU I I VYHULI I OIJUI,' V..A CIJI I IVVU light rays emitting forwards, but only showing those light rays bouncing off the reflector. Fig 31 is an example of a parabolic reflector with a medium width source of sample light rays emitting forwards, showing those light rays bouncing off the reflector as well as those rays that emerge from the reflector without bouncing off the reflector's surface. Fig 32 is an example of a parabolic reflector with a wide width source of sample light rays emitting forwards, but only showing those light rays bouncing off the reflector. Fig 33 is an example of a parabolic reflector with a wide width source of sample light rays emitting forwards, showing those light rays bouncing off the reflector as well as those rays that emerge from the reflector without bouncing off the reflector's surface. Background In the late 1800's, the incandescent electric lamp became commercially available. Fig 15 depicts a reproduction of an early lamp Fixture. The conventional incandescent lamp, commonly called the "light bulb" has been used for over one hundred years in one form or another. The conventional light bulb uses a tungsten filament 7, 9, 10 enclosed in a glass bulb which is often sealed in a base 8, 11 which is mated to a pre-existing socket of the Lighting Fixture. Another example is a socket 20 allowing the mating of a bayonet cap lamp base plug 21. The socket is connected to an ac power or dc power source, usually via a control circuit or switch mechanism. Unfortunately, drawbacks exist with the conventional incandescent light bulb. That is, the conventional light bulb dissipates a large amount of thermal energy as heat. Eg: more than 90% of the energy used for the conventional light bulb dissipates as thermal energy. Additionally, the conventional light bulb routinely fails, often due to repeated thermal expansion and contraction of the filament element. There have been a number of evolvements of the "light bulb" over the years including by example, forms utilizing technologies with quartz halogen, gas discharge, xenon, and others and are familiar to those skilled in the art. 5 IV IJ J I %.AVI I I~ I J I I~ P VI LI I I U I CAVVLJO:;[%IXX VI LI IU %..VI IV VUI I LIIIC I I I JI I L JU ILU, I I UII 1U %U I L lighting was developed. Fluorescent lighting uses an optically clear tube coated with photo phosphors. A pair of electrodes via pins 12, 13 is coupled between the tube's gas (usually a Noble gas such as Argon containing particulates of mercury) and an alternating power source (ac) through a ballast. Once the gas has been excited, it discharges to emit light. The pins are electrically conductive and can be found in single or multiple clusters of two or more pins. Eg: a standard fluorescent tube has two electrically conductive pins in each base 12, 13, having one base at each end of the tube making four pins in total. The cheap mass produced incandescent lamps are now being phased out in many countries to help reduce energy costs due to their typically inefficient 20 lumen/watt (Im/w) luminous "efficacy". Their replacement was to be the Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) fig 6, which first came into use in the early 1970's. It is the Inventors' opinion that the phasing out of these early prior art incandescent lamps was premature, and possibly commercially driven rather than environmentally driven. These CFLs have been somewhat disappointing and have struggled to achieve a true "Luminous replacement" for the Incandescent lamp. Most of these CFL lamps contain Mercury (later Osram brand CFL lamps are one exception), which is harmful to assembly operators during production and is often carried out in third world countries where worker health is less important than in the more industrialized Western countries. Additionally, when a CFL lamp breaks, toxic mercury is spilt on the ground/floor posing severe environmental hazards in, for example, a standard home, where the long lasting toxicity is often not appreciated. The word "Efficacy" as is used within the context of the Invention herein relates to luminous efficacy. Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light. It is the ratio of luminous flux (measured in Lumens (Im)) to power (measured in watts (w)), ie: Lumens per watt or Im/w. In this context we will refer to the ratio of "luminous-flux-output" (visible to the human eye) to "electrical power-in" as the luminous efficacy (Im/w) or just efficacy. Solid-state lighting techniques have followed on from CFL's. Solid-state lighting relies upon semiconductor materials to produce light emitting diodes, commonly called LEDs. Fig 8 gives a small representative example of prior art LED lamps with different translucent covers/diffusers 14 and heat sink protrusions. 6 L.VJVJXIII J CAL lIll IIJO II III LI 0UY '~I ~ I AI l Ol IIU LypI%,CAIY %.AI I0LI U%,LU III VI1UV IJIiIOAL1IY LVVIJ different ways. For example, those which are permanently attached to a Fixture, and those which are removably attached to a Fixture. The latter type are mostly fitted to the Fixture via a lamp socket(s) type connector (to be removably attached) and are designed to have for example fig 11, a male plug 21 type connector mate to a matching female socket 20 type connector, which provides an electrical connection to the lamp and supports it in the Fixture. The use of Fixture sockets allows lamps to be mostly safely, conveniently, and easily changed out at end of life or as needed. There are many different standards for these connector sockets, created by de facto and by various "Standards Bodies" (eg: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and others. Some of the more commonly used lamp bases in Australia are shown by their different representative drawings in Fig 13. For example, some of the Edison Screw (ES) mounts E-14, E-26, E-40, Bayonet Cap (BC) mounts B15, and B22, Halogen types, GU5.3, GU4, GY6.35, Fluorescent tube types such as the T12 and T5 are shown with some dimensions and orientations. Of all of these styles, the BC B22 (or sometimes BA22d) is the most widely used socket in Australia for incandescent Fig 4 and compact florescent lamps (CFLs) Fig 6. Other examples of lamps with Bi-Post and Bi-pin connectors (e.g. 2 pins) (e.g. T-5 12, T-12 13 found on florescent lamp formats shown in Fig 7), halogen type Fig 3 (e.g. bi-pin G4 5, G6.35 6,), and twist lock GU type halogen lamps connectors 15 shown on the example of a GU-10 Dichroic down light lamps of Fig 9. The examples given are not exhaustive of the lamp base types available. Many prior art lamp sockets require careful attention when fitting and removing lamps. They are common place in buildings, structures and vehicles but may also pose a risk to the personnel replacing the lamp as contact to "live" and sometimes, dangerous voltage (where high voltage mains supply is present) sometimes occurs which can cause serious injury or even death. Most modern prior art LED Illuminators utilize low voltage requirements and may be designed such that the Illuminator, as well as any Illuminator socket, limits dangers associated with high voltage devices and early art lamp sockets. Some "heavy duty" prior art lamps were fitted to their fixtures more securely. Instead of a simple "twist and lock" or screw in type fitment (eg: BC and ES) these sealed 7 lC1Ol I 1J U I I VVI I C LLOAI I1U L L LI 11II 111IUI LII J I Uj %LJ A 'I O I p , V1iII II JOH A1U %..AVI I 111JO LI securely attach the lamps. Even the wires were attached by screw terminals. These lamps were used in predominately outdoor Fixtures or for stage lighting as well as on vehicles. Suffice to say that there are many different styles and variations of these sockets and plugs and the examples mentioned here are not limiting the designs available, and those knowledgeable in the art would be aware of their designations and intended uses. In most prior art retrofit LED Illuminators, the Illuminator's LED lamp(s) is/are usually "lifetime" permanently fitted to the Illuminator. In this scenario, the Illuminator's LED lamp(s) is/are fixed by a permanent means, usually attached by screws or an appropriate adhesive to the Fixture, and the Illuminator is usually not removably attached. If the Illuminator's LED lamp(s) needs to be replaced, it is a simple matter to replace the complete Illuminator including the lamp(s). A printed circuit board (PCB) 24 as described herein is usually a rigid, non conducting substrate or board (eg: ceramic, synthetic resin, insulated metal compound or laminate) on to which is laid (eg: by a process of chemical etching, laminating, or metalising etc) tracks, electrical connections or pathways for the mechanical support and electrical connection of electronic components, eg: LEDs 23, or devices 22. An electric Illuminator requires an electrical connection to an electrical power source. In a permanently fixed Illuminator, this is mostly achieved by a direct connecting of wires (or conductors) from the Illuminator to the Fixture, and in turn to a Power Control Module (PCM), switch or dimming module and/or a fixed power supply/source e.g. 230/240v ac household electric supply, whereas a removably attached Illuminator may have a removably attached connection (e.g. a socket-plug combination. It is suffice to say, there must be in most cases at least some degree of control from an electrical or electronic module to allow for a modification to the power supply form(s), and/or current(s) and/or voltage(s) to the LEDs if only to be able to adjust voltage for ageing of the low-polar HEHB LED(s) or to turn on/off or attenuate/dim the low-polar HEHB LED(s) for a particular environment, mood or function. The module that is used to "control" to a degree the power to the low-polar HEHB LED(s) Die(s) is, for the purpose of description, called a PCM. 8 LEDs can also be mounted to a board (eg: PCB). Fig 12 shows one example of a modern LED lamp PCB with multiple individual LED Dies 23 mounted on a PCB 24. This LED Lamp Module ( including the PCB and LEDs) would normally be attached to the Illuminator's housing by for example, screws and/or a thermal conducting compound or adhesive. Item 22 shows one of the components of the "on-board" PCB. LED Illuminators usually require a specialised PCM) to modify the power supplied to a form required by the LED(s) and may be attached adjacent or close to the LED in the Illuminator or Fixture. Some LEDs are able to be connected directly to a power source without any special PCMs, e.g. Tesla ac LEDs as shown in Fig 20. Illuminators may also have a PCM, remote from the Fixture and Illuminator to supply the correct power form to the Illuminator (for example, see item 29 of Fig 18) or to control the light output from the Illuminator(s). Lamp manufacturers have strived for higher efficiency in their devices. A chronological table of the efficacies versus time is found in Fig 19. Prior art HB LED Illuminators are readily available and their most evolved efficiency rivals that of other high efficiency lamp technologies with respect to their efficacy (eg: High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps with efficacy of 90-1501m/w, but mostly around 1001m/w). Fig 16 displays an exemplary modern 600w HID lamp capable of emitting about 90,0001m. Common, commercially available, mass produced, conventional HB LEDs also have an efficiency of about 1001m/w. Though some new models recently released (2012) are about 1301m/w (eg: Cree XP-G2), they are relatively new to the market. Sometimes a power supply module, additional to the mains power supply may be utilised or required to modify the mains power to a usable or safe form as required by the LED(s) of the Illuminator (e.g. a simple 240v to 12v step down isolating transformer), but the Power Supply Module is not necessarily integral to the Illuminator housing, but may be connected mostly any place in circuit between the main power supply and at least one of the Illuminator's LEDs. The power supply module may be a part of the Illuminator, part of an adaptor connected between the Illuminator and Fixture, a part of the Fixture, or remote to the Illuminator and Fixture. 9 f% 1ICIC0I III II I IVI I L %.JULIJUL CUMi iij cIi I'..,icii iIy Ui c I.AJt1I ILI IIC Iiuly OJI L. Li)'0 I I J I IC Ici IU I CILUIq cii Q modern prior art HB LED Illuminators have quickly become the preferred lighting source of today. For example, their Green Credentials are preferred over prior art, eg: incandescent and HID lamps. However, there are limitations to light density output in prior art HB LEDs. We now define the type of low-polar HEHB LED used in the invention as being an LED containing "non-laser Non-Polar and/or non-laser Semi-Polar HEHB LED dies" collectively referred to now as "Low Polar" HEHB LED dies. Improvements have been made recently in the High Brightness (HB) LED(s) arena. Low-polar type LEDs have been shown to have brightness increases of over 400% on current technology conventional HB LEDs of similar size. This is a large jump in light output densities for LEDs. This increase allows for greatly improved lighting designs. Importantly, this Invention teaches how to use these low-polar High Efficiency High Brightness LED(s) (HEHB LED(s)) in High Efficiency Illuminators (HEls). The HEI is a significant improvement on prior art electric Illuminators used in Lighting Fixtures that are commonly used indoors in buildings, structures and places where a fixed orientation illumination is required from a light source or Illuminator to illuminate for example, a space or surface, and to add extra light, in addition to that which is natively available, at times of nil or low ambient light conditions. Eg: during times of precipitation or at nighttime. Such prior art Illuminators mostly "burn" steadily when required, and provide illumination predominately to aid in human movement and endeavour, safety and comfort, or where there is a required and/or regulated function. Additionally, the HEI described is not limited to just indoor use. Typical examples of the types of prior art lamps related to the Invention are found in room lights, table lamps, pendant lights, and the like. These "Lighting Fixtures" as we refer to them, are usually of a basic or simple design (In its simplistic form, for example a single piece Illuminator 2, but they could be complex, for example a multi lamped Chandelier 4). Fig 1 shows examples of some of these types of prior art Lighting Fixtures. Electric Lighting Fixtures may be fixed and permanently wired to the building, or, as by way of examples of two Table Lamps 1, having a power cord to connect to a power supply wall socket so that this type of Fixture is usually movable and not permanently fixed to any one position and so being not a true "Fixture" as 10 OU%,l I LJUL I CALI IUI C0 I I IVVJV0LJIIU I HALUI 1U 10 %..VI IOIUIUI IUU IV LIU 11 1..AUUIUU VYILI III I LI PU 1J 0%V IJ I the Invention. The examples shown in fig 1 depict Lighting Fixtures that are mostly fixed to, for example, a location, building, or structure by screws, chains 3, tethering cable or other mechanical means, and movable "Fixtures" such as desk lamps 1 which are not usually permanently fixed to one location. All these examples of Lighting Fixtures have the illumination(s) from their Illuminator(s) in a predominately fixed position and orientation with respect to their Fixture. That is to say the Illumination(s) from the Illuminator(s) has a fixed orientation when installed that is fixed with respect to the Fixture's mounting or base. When the illumination from an Illuminator(s) is movable with respect to their Fixture's mounting or base, then these Illuminators are not considered to be included in the scope of the Invention. Examples of Fixtures which when operationally installed that have a movable illumination orientation with respect to their Fixture's mounting position or base are adjustable Spotlights, adjustable "down lights", as well as adjustable desk lamps as depicted in fig 2 having an Illuminator that can be tilted, swivelled or rotated relative to the base of the Fixture, when installed and where the base of this "Fixture" is usually fixed. Additionally, Illuminators whose primary function is to be predominately used for a Conspicuity, Spotlight, or signalling purpose are not intended to be included and are not referred to as being included in the Invention. For reference herein, a Conspicuity Device as referenced above is a lighting device which usually when operationally active, emits light of a clearly noticeable and visibly discriminating nature (eg: flashing light) to attract the attention (by being Conspicuous) of a human observer to the said Device (eg: itself). A Spotlight on the other hand is usually a lighting device which is designed to have a movable illumination element to direct illumination to a specific thing or surface. In other words, to direct an observers attention not to itself (as does the Conspicuity light) but instead, to the spotlights target of illumination. Signalling purpose Illuminators use light to signal an observer of an intention, danger, position or direction or to give direction, notice or instruction usually to a human observer. The Illuminator, as described herein, is defined as that part of a Lighting Fixture or device that is the manufactured module or element which creates the light emission. 11 11 1 I II AI 4 L, LI IU IIIUI I II IOL..I VVCOI IIUI I %.,OAIIUU LI I II 1jI IL LJUILJ. 1r% L-I J I LII I J I HALUI IU I I ICAY IJI made up of only a single independent Illuminator (eg; only one element being the Illuminator) or multiple elements. The operational entity, being a single or multi element entity is referred to as an operational Lighting Fixture. In other words, if the Lighting Fixture is made of only one element then that element is the Illuminator itself. A standard prior art HB LED device usually requires Optics to concentrate the HB LED emitted light into a shaped beam. The Optics may be in the form of a Reflector(s), a Lense(s), or a combination of these. When a reflector is used it is usually of a predominantly parabolic shape made of either vacuum metallized injection moulded plastic or aluminium, or spun or pressed aluminium which may be anodized and/or polished and/or vacuum metallized. Some reflectors are even made of glass when the requirement is for high heat resistance and specialized optical coatings. In certain models of prior art devices, multiple HB LEDs are used, and in these cases each HB LED may have it's own reflector and/or optics which may be either separately mounted to each HB LED or plastic moulded in a group to enable easy assembly and alignment. In the case where lense optics are used, a design using Total Internal Reflection (TIR) is commonly used to focus the output beam narrowly and efficiently, as well as reducing the overall optics size. This special type of lense uses TIR to act as both a reflector and a lense thus minimizing overall dimensions. A recent development in the area of Non Imaging Optics is the Simultaneous Multiple Surface (SMS) design method. Use of this fairly complicated and heavily mathematical method can result in almost 100% maximum light control to very narrow angles. There are various types of SMS method, but in many cases of a prior art device, the small angles sometimes sought (say 5-10 degrees) result in very large lenses in the order 20 to 25 size multiples of the original HB LED's diameter as well as very significant thicknesses. This poses significant manufacturing problems, let alone difficulties for most final end users ending up with an unwieldy and heavy end product. Referring to figs 28-33, we show the same parabola's optical paths in 2-D view with a reduced number of light rays, whereby light is only projected forward from the 12 OV.UI %,U k l I IUIOALII I J CA I IU0I IIIIU UOI .VI CA I IL.) L.L..L-1J, UJII I J CA VV.II I L 'J'J III I U 01-% CA U I IUj A a semi-wide light source 64 in fig 30 and fig 31, and a wide light source 67 in fig 32 and fig 33. The edge of the reflector 61 is the delineating point on the reflector's diameter/length that determines the limit of where light rays either bounce off the reflector or emerge directly without hitting the reflector's surface. To show the affects of HB LED widths, we show in fig 28, fig 30, and fig 32 only the light rays emitting from the HB LED surface that bounce off the reflector and then emerge 62, 65, 68, and in fig 29, fig 31 and fig 33 we show all rays, that is rays coming from the HB LED surface and bouncing of the reflector as well as light rays that emerge directly 63, 66, 69 from the HB LED surface and emerge without hitting the reflector's surface. As can be seen from fig 28 and fig 29 the theoretical point source of light 60 is the best "behaved" when used in a parabolic reflector, that is, the light emerging from the focus point 60 and hitting the reflector will always project straight forward as mathematically defined. As the light source becomes wider 64 and wider 67 the light beam outputs 65, 68 and become more and more complex and unfocussed, leading to extremely difficult optical design problems and/or significant loss of efficiency in light output. A similar but more complex problem exists when lense optics are used, an in general the larger the reflector(s) and/or the lense(s) optics relative to the light source(s) size, the tighter and more efficient the beam output. The Invention's Low Polar HEHB LED Chip/Module has these optical problems significantly reduced or virtually eliminated in devices by the inherent nature of the smaller Low Polar HEHB LED die'(s) physical widths, resulting in increased light efficacy (lumens), higher quality light beam spread, and reduced optics sizes. Low-polar HEHB LEDs will be the preferred light source for general lighting using electric Illuminators and do not suffer many of the the internal in-efficiencies of prior art HB LEDs. The Invention teaches those skilled in the art how to produce a more efficient Illuminator for use in a Lighting Fixture. The Invention also allows, for example, a lighting designer to replace existing and prior art Illuminator technologies with the newer and much more efficient low-polar Illuminator technology of the invention as described herein. 13 Benefits of the Invention As LED technology is rapidly gaining momentum as the "Green" and preferable lighting source for today and the future, it would seem obvious that this technology is the most preferred for its Green Credentials. Increasing the efficiency in lighting designs is called for as the commercial cost of energy, especially electrical energy is increasing at alarming rates and lighting manufacturers are seeking more efficient means to produce light emission. As low polar HEHB LEDs can produce over 400% more light for the same size as a conventional HB LED, there are benefits that are quickly recognised. The use of State of the Art low-polar HEHB LEDs Technology has a three prong advantage over the use of prior art light sources. Firstly, when an Illuminator has a higher lumen output density over prior art Illuminators of similar size, then designs associated with that Illuminator may lead to reduced thermal design challenges. Low-polar HEHB LED(s) Illuminators of the same brightness as prior art HB LED Illuminators often require a smaller heat sink design which reduces thermal design criteria of the Illuminator housing. Often, there are also the benefits of lower heat management requirements. Secondly, the Invention allows for a much higher Illuminator brightness than ever before for the same size light source, whereby this gain is achieved without normally increasing the physical size of the Illuminator, the Illuminator housing, and/or the optical components but rather by increasing the light density output of the light source, in this case using the low-polar HEHB LED of the Invention. Thirdly, the reduced size of a higher light-density low-polar HEHB LED (compared to conventional HB LED) normally leads to a relatively more compact Illuminator size. The more efficient low-polar HEHB LEDs can replace often quite large HB LEDs and LED Arrays. One low-polar HEHB LED for example, could replace many current technology HB LEDs. Fig 10 depicts an example of how two conventional HB LEDs Illuminators 16, 17, compared with similar light output LEDs Illuminators using low polar HEHB LEDs 18, 19. This (not to scale) graphical representation gives an 14 1U^AIIIV1 Vp~ I VYI IOL I IUUU%,LII I LI I1UI H II AY LJIU III LI I1 I"~.UIIIUU I HUHIIILJIUI VJI L.L..LJ UI%..U I"~.UIIIUU for the similar light outputs. 18 can replace 16 and 19 replaces 17. Other obvious benefits can be quickly recognized. LED Illuminators are not as prone to failure due to vibration or sudden physical shock as are filament Illuminators. Lifetime expectancies for LEDs are typically 10,000-30,000 hours and more. This greatly simplifies the Illuminator design, as in one embodiment of the Invention there is no provision to allow for a replaceable Illuminator's lamp. The LED lamp is permanently "lifetime" attached to the Illuminator and if failure occurs, it is a simple matter to replace the Illuminator element that contains the light source, in this case. The increased light output benefits mentioned and simpler design criteria lend nicely to the Green Credentials of the Invention. Savings in power consumption due to the use of higher light output LEDs results in less energy required powering the Illuminator, hence more efficiency and less power used equates to less carbon dioxide (C02) emissions. It is possible to run most HB LEDs at a lower drive current yet still emit efficient light output as most HB LEDs run more efficiently at lower currents (eg: less "Droop" effect) than higher currents; this equates to a higher lumen per watt output hence higher efficacy. "Droop" is the characteristic of prior art HB LEDs to reduce their luminous efficacy as electrical current is increased past their optimum level, quickly resulting in only heat being produced and no extra light, as well as significant colour shift problems. Summary of the Invention Described herein is the use of low-polar HEHB LEDs as the preferred choice of a light source for an illumination device. The Illuminator has a high efficiency, incorporates proper thermal management to allow for a long serviceable life and incorporates the use of low-Polar HEHB LED(s). The Invention provides means to significantly improve on prior art Lighting Fixtures and will allow designers of such lighting to adopt state of the art technology using a low-polar HEHB LEDs. 15 I I IV- uo- %.JI I'.jVV-VJ'.ICl I IL..I IU L.L..LJO VYIII LJV-- LI Iq- 1J LI t 1 I 1 L O%.JUI L-- III LI IL- '.JLCALL_ %.JI LI IV Art lighting and is a significant leap forward in lighting design. Detailed description and preferred embodiments We first describe in detail the low polar HEHB LED's typical physical structure. A standard prior art non-laser white HB LED is usually comprised of at least one die which in turn is manufactured from several substrate layers fig 26. The light producing layer 49 is normally a layer containing Gallium Nitride (GaN) (and/or AIGaN, InGaN) with various substrate layers above 45, 46, 47, 48 and below 52, 53, 54 this layer 49. The bonding Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layers 46, 51 allow the electrode layers 45, 50 respectively to be attached to the structure(s). Electrical connection to the die is normally via an Anode fine gold wire to the p electrode 45 and a Cathode fine gold wire to the n-electrode 50. Electrical current through these connections results in electron flow producing photons (light) from the GaN type light-producing layer 49. In the GaN light-producing layer 49 of standard prior art GaN fig 26 with crystal growth starting with for example, a Sapphire (A1 2 0 3 ) substrate 54 in the C-plane 56 crystal direction 55, (the 2 most commonly used Polar substrates are Sapphire and Silicon carbide SiC), quantum wells grown along this axis exhibit high piezoelectric fields due to the hexagonal lattice symmetry without a centre of inversion. This results in electrons and holes being pulled to the opposite in quantum wells resulting in greatly reduced efficiency. Additionally, lack of purity, dislocations, defect concentrations, droop, and colour shift contribute to the luminous efficacy of most prior art light HB LEDs to be in the range of 90-110 lumens/watt maximum. Low Polar HEHB LED dice significantly reduce or eliminate these problems, and the "Low Polar" terminology naming comes from the description of the arrangement of the crystal planes in GaN type crystals and how they are manufactured/cut/used in a Low Polar HEHB LED die. We elaborate further, in a crystallographic sense, the definition of Low Polar Planes to be those planes in GaN crystals to be the fully Non-Polar, and including the Semi Polar, and whereby the low-polar plane(s) in a low polar HEHB LED die may be cut 16 AL AI I CAI IVi Iq-Up Ij - I I .. J aa_-V U a- CI IU%I 11 It.1IUU I I Iol0IVIIL ViI CL I VI HUH qi I 1 II C V h I the three principal axes (X, Y, Z). The principal axes X, Y, Z are analogous to the planes as follows: C-axis o Z-axis, M-axis @ Y-axis, A-axis @ X-axis. Referring to fig 27, the most commonly referred to GaN crystal planes are shown, namely the standard polar(ized) C-axis plane 56, the A 58 and M 59 non-polar planes, and the R 57 semi-polar plane. There are many other low polar planes, but the C, A, M, and R are the most commonly referred to planes, and by our definition above, the A, M, and R planes are low polar. Waltereit et al. (1) in the year 2000 were the first researchers to demonstrate an absence of a piezoelectric field in GaN/AIGaN in the non-polar M plane. Park and Chuang (2) noted in the year 1999 that certain semi polar planes can eliminate or nearly eliminate the piezoelectric field. Additionally there are low polar planes that may be only slightly offset from these common planes, but to keep the description brief we will concentrate on the aforementioned common planes, as those skilled in the art of GaN A3N epitaxial heterostructure optoelectronic research and design should recognize that they are a good representation of the field of research and design. Research in the past few years has shown solutions to the problems of manufacturing low polar GaN LED dice, and Abramov et al. (Foreign patent RU 2006103270) teaches the use of Langasite, which is a natural non-polar crystal that can be used as a substrate base for producing low polar GaN. By utilizing a low-polar GaN type light producing layer, the polarization and piezoelectric effect is minimized or not present, resulting in increased lumen efficacy, greater lumen density in the range of 400%+, minimal droop at high temperatures and currents, increased heat resistance and minimal colour shift. The High Efficiency Illuminator is predominately for indoor use in, for example, homes, buildings, and structures and where the body of a Lighting Fixture may comprise of one or more elements where at least one of the elements comprises an Illuminator. The method of attachment of the said elements will usually be by a means using screws, clips or adhesive, socket or combination of these. Fig 22 shows a perspective exploded view of one preferred embodiment of the invention with an example of a Bayonet cap plug 30, a housing with a heat sink 17 L~LIII~ LVYILI I ii 01Y 1111 %Q .1 011 1111qii lii I jJ I C-dI UI1 t Id 0&. L%.J Ii I'%JUI IL LIKI I %_V %#%# I %.'J., CAl LED Lamp Module 34, which has an inner mounting surface 35 to mount the LED lamp's PCB 36 which comprises the low-polar HEHB LEDs 37, an optics element (reflector) 38 which doubles as a protective outer housing portion and Illuminator cover 39. In one preferred embodiment fig 22, the LED Lamp module/housing 34 has an attached LED lamp PCB 36 which has a plurality of non-Laser low-polar HEHB LED(s) 37 attached to the Lamp PCB 36. The Lamp PCB 36 is attached to the LED Lamp housing's inner surface 35 by way of permanent screw(s) means utilising and in addition to, a thermally conductive compound (such as Arctic Ceramic adhesive), to enable a safe, secure, thermally managed and operated Illuminator. As illustrated in fig 22, the said housing 34 houses the LED lamp (which includes PCB 36 and LEDs 37) and would be securely fixed to the base section (contains 30, 31, 32) of the Illuminator. The base section of the Illuminator contains the Illuminator's plug connector 30 (in this case a Bayonet Cap BC22 plug connector), the heat sink elements 31 shown here as fins around a central core 32. The electrical connections of the Illuminator would normally be made by wires internal to the base sections 30, 31, 32 and be connected to the PCM's PCB 33 which is secured in the core 32 of the base section. The electrical connections would be also connected from the PCM PCB 33 to the Lamp PCB 36 via conductors or wires. The body of the housing 34 would normally be flat or could be slightly shaped, preferably constructed of an aluminium alloy and have attached a series of external heat dissipating elements acting as heat sinks 31, to aid in removing excess thermal energy from the rear of the non-laser low-polar HEHB LED(s) 37, either passively or actively, via the PCB 36, the housing 34, the base sections 31, 32 to the environment. Being preferably of an aluminium alloy, (but could be a thermo-set or thermo-plastic material, eg: a thermally conducting plastic polymer containing metal filling, or polyfluorene or polyphenylene) the housing 34 and base sections 32, 33 of the embodiment, have an extremely high thermal conductivity and emissivity due to the inherent properties of aluminium and its alloys, especially in the anodized state. The housing 34 would typically be moulded using a die-casting technique, (but could just as easily be press stamped in some designs). The housing 34 would also have an inlet aperture/hole for a power cable to transfer power to the low-polar HEHB LED(s) via an electrical cable(s), and additionally may have an aperture(s)/hole(s) for providing a means for switching the Illuminator to its On/Off or various other states, 18 CalH U CAI I CA VIU LUI I 'k/III~ I'UJ I ICI IVVV I V.I LI I IIII CAI0 'UA OI lII.I I CAIH U %..A.J ILI OC..,LII..I I I gas(es)/fluid(s) within the housing, or a relief mechanism/valve to assist in maintaining stress relief of gas(es)/fluid(s) within the housing. The design and materials used in the Illuminator would take into account the environment that the Illuminator is to be used in, eg: an Illuminator used predominately in a position which is exposed to the elements or the weather, normally would be designed to have an Ingress Protection rating, for example, no less than IP61. The "IP" Code (Ingress Protection Rating, sometimes also interpreted as International Protection Rating) consists of the letters "IP" followed by two digits or one digit and one letter and an optional letter. As defined in international standard IEC 60529, IP Code classifies and rates the degrees of protection provided against the intrusion of solid objects (including body parts like hands and fingers), dust, accidental contact, and water in mechanical casings and with electrical enclosures. As the life of the HEI is usually of a longer lifetime than prior art Illuminators, cleaning cycles may have an important influence on performance. Cleaning of a standard prior art Fixture is usually done at the time of the (more frequent than a HEI) Illuminator replacement. It would be a desirable inclusion of a preferred embodiment of the HEI to increase the IP rating to allow for reduced cleaning cycle requirements. With little or no apparent need to change the Illuminator, there is little or no need to access the internals of the Illuminator and so in theory, the Illuminator could be sealed. This would improve the maintenance cycle as there would be less accumulated dirt (eg: dust, insects, mould, moisture or condensation) ingress and hence reduced cleaning times. To further facilitate this, the Illuminator would need to be kept "clean" for much longer periods and appropriate external surface shapes, textures and coatings may additionally be considered to enhance this feature in the HEI design. In a Marine environment use for example, the design of a HEI should take into account protection against the corrosive effects of salt water spray, with design, materials and construction having a level of corrosion resistance to at least a marine grade level of corrosion resistance to corrosive environments and capable of achieving a level of corrosion resistance to salt spray tests to standards such as IEC60068-2-11 and/or IEC60068-2-52 for use in marine environments. 19 III :I G IIV.LI II I IIILJI.UII I II IL, IV.I 1U CIAO V1,CI I I IU 1 I I lIIi IOAL.I I I IAY I IIUIU CA IIUVI I V IV.L1U..,LII. I II use in flammable and explosive atmospheres. The HEI would then have design, materials and construction such as to be certified to Intrinsically Safe standards including for example IEC/EN60079-10, IEC/EN 60079-11, IEC/EN 60079-25 and/or IEC/EN60079-27, for use in explosive/flammable atmospheric environments. In another preferred embodiment as illustrated in fig 23, the base of the Illuminator 40 has an external component that is shaped to fit a Fixture's socket. The Illuminator connector or male "plug" 40 is designed to mate with a female "socket" connector, for example, to facilitate the relatively simple replacement or removal process for the Illuminator at end of life, and allows the attachment to the corresponding or mating "socket" of the Lighting Fixture. There are many (Illuminator) sockets used in prior art Fixtures (refer to fig 13 for some examples) and the preferred embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the Invention. The plug's 40 external surface would be preferably of an aluminium alloy to aid in heat transfer, and constructed of similar properties as the Illuminator's housing design of the earlier mentioned preferred design and material. This prior art plug 40 allows for a replacement of a prior art lamp by a new art low-polar HEHB LED(s) Illuminator. The new Illuminator would need to be able to work in an prior art Fixture without any major changes to the prior art Fixture or its power supply. The design, for example, of the Illuminator's shape and power usage would take this into consideration when used for this purpose. In the earlier described embodiment, the Illuminator has a cover 39 that covers a portion of the housing and parts and is so designed to permit transmission of light from the Illuminator's LEDs as well as offer some mechanical protection to the internals of the Illuminator. Fig 22 shows an example of one preferred embodiment's cover 39. This embodiment of the Illuminator would have an almost "clear" cover to allow for light transmission to the outside, but more likely to have a cover with at least some degree of diffusion quality or translucent property to produce a more preferred light output. The shape of the cover 39 is mainly flat or at least, slightly shaped to match the preferred contour of the Illuminator and it's parts, including for example, the optical element 38. It should be stated that some covers may not intentionally be shaped "optically" and are for pure mechanical protection from the environment. Some covers may actually be shaped so as to wrap around a portion of the Illuminator housing. 20 cover 42 of a bulb like shape covering the portion 41 of the Illuminator which houses the low-polar HEHB LED(s) of the HEI and is so designed to permit transmission of a diffused light from the HEI as well as offering some mechanical protection. A portion of the(se) cover(s) could be clear, for example, but more likely having a portion slightly translucent or slightly textured and that some degree of translucency is preferred over a pure "clear" cover, though a clear cover with little or no diffusive properties may be used for maximum light transmission. "Clear" is defined in respect of the front cover as being relatively transparent to the preferred light colour temperature/wave-length that is generated by the low-polar HEHB LED(s), and translucent is defined as having a relative opacity to which light is not allowed to pass through of no more than 55 opacity units measured on a linear scale of 0 to 100 opacity units (where 0=transparent/clear and 100=opaque/blocked) and not so opaque that the transmission of light is no longer effective for the intended application. It is appreciated that there can be an infinite number of cover shapes, some of which may incorporate light output modifying optics, and even tints or engineered coatings, and so it is stated simply that the preferable materials for the front transmission window or cover would be preferably selected from an Ultra Violet (UV) stabilised polycarbonate (sheet or injection moulded), tempered glass, cellulose butyrate or propionate (for petrochemical protection). One particular embodiment could use for example a photo phosphor containing resinous layered cover to act as a wavelength changing medium to allow light of a predominately different wavelength to emit rather than that of the low-polar HEHB LED(s) itself. (This is commonly referred to as a ''remote phosphor" filter and would normally only be used in the absence of a photo phosphor layer, or doping layer being absent from the low polar HEHB LED die(ce)). Another embodiment would have a cover manufactured from a normally clear resinous substance, so moulded to be integrally/intimately attached or moulded onto the low-polar HEHB LED(s) and encase the low-polar HEHB LED(s) partly or as a whole. The resinous encasing/cover described could act for example, as an optical light shaping member as well as being of a protecting nature. Looking again at the thermal management of the Illuminator, the heat conduction from the low-polar HEHB LED(s) 37 is further aided by any mechanical attachment to 21 LI I1U I IUCAL %_;I1 IFV LJI00IVCLI..J I VV.I LII..I I #1 I V.J LI I1U I IV.U0II I~j 0 OUI Ic~.~ I I I II IUCAL Sink/Dissipation portion(s) 31 of the housing surface(s) would be designed with adequate surface area to allow adequate passive or dynamically forced thermal communication between the Illuminator housing, via the Fixture if required, and the environment to enable heat by way of thermal energy transfer to propagate from the low-polar HEHB LED(s), through the Heat Sink/Dissipation portion(s) 31 and/or housing and to the environment. At least one of the Heat Sink/Dissipation portion(s) will in a particular embodiment, comprise of a number of surfaces arranged in a way as to improve the thermal communication between the said surface(s) and the environment by increasing the amount of surface area available. This particular arrangement of surfaces known as a Heat Sink is familiar to those skilled in the art. Typically the heat sink would normally be part of the overall construction of the Illuminator's housing. Apart from the shape and alignment of the ribs, fins or other structure(s) of the heat sink, a typical design should take into account the efficiencies of a static or passive heat sink design, as well as a design utilizing a forced thermal transfer between the housing and the environment. The thermal transfer efficiencies of such a design are well known to those skilled in the art of thermal management and LED lighting designs. A further design of this embodiment calls for the use of a forced air interaction with the Heat Sink Component of the Heat Dissipation Portion and the Illuminator housing. The forced air interaction may be passive in nature where the design of the Heat Sinking Element would become more practical when the Illuminator is mounted within a Fixture to take advantage of the moving air around it, or the Illuminator may be positioned stationary but utilize for example a fluid which is moving in a closed circuit, over and in contact with a surface(s) of the heat sink where the movement of fluid is from natural convection or another cause/effect. Another embodiment takes advantage of forced air movement principles on a heat sink by way of a forced air movement device. Such a device could be a dynamic air moving device such as a rotating fan or a pulse operated air movement device such as the commercially available "Synjet" fig 21 which has no large dynamic moving parts. It should be noted that other forms of "cooling" could be used. One embodiment has a form of liquid cooling where a refrigerant type of gas is used where the "condenser" is remotely removed from the evaporator via piping or other 22 II I I I V..J I IUCAL 1JIVIU . I 1 110 10 LV O.J LI IOAL CA pI.I LII..I I V..J LI I1U I I1UOL 101 I JIU Pi V%10 I I IAY be remotely situated from the Illuminator's housing. It is simply stated, that in our homes, Lighting Fixtures can be a personal choice. Many finishes are available and it is suffice to say, a design of the Illuminator's housing, may require a special treatment to suit a particular environment, use or trend. The Illuminator's housing, if required, due to the outputted thermal power of the low-polar HEHB LED(s) used, may have a portion of its exterior surface coated in a substance so as to aid in its mechanical and environmental protection and not to significantly hinder heat convection/radiation from the heat dissipating portion of the housing. This protective layer(s) or substance may also act to enhance the aesthetic nature or appearance of the Illuminator as well as providing a corrosion inhibiting function(s) on any alloy that may be used in its construction. Other factors which may influence the surface treatments could be for example, fashion or trends, or be of a protective nature. This substance could be paint, an electrolytically applied coating/conversion, (for example Anodising in the case of an appropriate aluminium alloy), or any other applied finish(es). Where the housing of the Illuminator is predominately a plastic (example UV stabilised Polycarbonate), the surfaces of the housing may have a smooth or textured feel and/or appearance to fit in with the overall Lighting Fixture's purpose, function, outward appearance or theme. When exposed to sunlight for example, a plastic may need to be stabilised against the affects of Ultra Violet (UV) radiation. Where the Illuminator is used on or near a waterway, especially a marine waterway, the materials used that are exposed to the environment should have a corrosion resistance property of at least a Marine Grade. The Inventors' wish to simply state that the illumination pattern or distribution from low-polar HEHB LED(s) of the Illuminator, benefits from the use of a reflector or multiple reflectors and/or a lens or multiple lenses or combinations of reflectors and lenses, and simply stating that there is an infinite number of shapes and sizes and materials that could be designed into an Illuminator for reflectors and lenses for it's required light distribution pattern is understood by those knowledgeable in the art. More so, for example, the design and materials used should take into account any affect that environmental influences may have, as well as thermal management requirements if any, and light emission properties for the wavelengths emitted by the Illuminator. 23 II I Li P 111 III L IUI I U IIILJI..UII I III IL, Li I1U I.L....LJ lCAl P I %.jL-J #1%1 %.,ill IIU%,L LI..JCAI I OAVJIVI. I OLIY designed and constructed PCM PCB 33 which is typically located in circuit between at least one power source suppling the Illuminator and at least one of the Illuminator's low polar HEHB LED(s) Die(s). In this case, the PCM could be designed to accept power from a directly connected power supply (eg: a 230/240vac supply in a typical Australian building, or be designed to accept a lower voltage, eg: a 24vdc system in a mobile home), and supplies by its design, the correct current form, voltage and/or current to power the low-polar HEHB LEDs Die(s) within the Illuminator. The PCM is typically mounted within the housings of the Illuminator fig 22, or mounted remotely from the Illuminator(s) but being able to still supply the correct power form to the Illuminator's LED(s) die(s). For example, a device may have more than one power supply source (such as a mains supply and a battery supply) and each source may have its own PCM attached. In the second preferred embodiment the low-polar HEHB LED(s) and PCM are electrically connected and encased in a housing 40, 41 and has a cover 42 to form the removably attached Illuminator Fig 23. The Illuminator's power requirement would be reliant on its own PCM within the Illuminator to supply the correct regulated power by modifying the power form routed via the power supply to the Fixture. The PCM is so designed to take into account the voltage of the power supply to the Fixture and has an appropriately designed circuit to be compatible with, for example, an existing wall mounted dimming Triac that was used to control the prior art lamp/illuminato The thermal designs of this Illuminator would take into account the heat generated by the Illuminator, particularly the heat generated at the base of the low-polar HEHB LED(s) and also that of the PCM. In yet another embodiment, the low-polar HEI which may not have it's own PCM within it's housing but may utilize an adaptor to draw the preferred power from an early art Fixture's lamp socket. The PCM may be of the form of an "adaptor" Fig 17, to interface between and utilize the power supply voltages and forms of an early art Illuminator Fixture and power supply and to modify the power form to suit a low-polar HEHB LED model Illuminator which would normally be unable to connect to the said Fixture's pre-existing prior art socket. Referring to fig 17, being an example of "new art Illuminator into prior art Fixture Adaptor", whereby the secondary side socket 25 of the adaptor fig 17 accepts a connection from an appropriately designed new art low-polar HEHB LED Illuminator 24 III IVI LI I I C OU CAPIV1 0 OV%,FXIUL A-, r-%L L I I~ IJ LI I I I I UI LI I~ IU 1 HoyIIC I 11IF UL VIVVIU 1 U L I I I L.J% type plug 27 allows the adaptor to connect to a prior art pre-existing Lamp socket (or primary socket) (in this case a BC socket to match the BC Cap 27). The middle section of the adaptor 26, would house the PCM that would modify the input power supply from the prior art compatible plug connector 27 to a form that matches the requirement of the new art low-polar HEHB LED Illuminator that is attached to the secondary socket connector at 25. A particularly important requirement of the total design of the "Adaptor" would become very obvious. That is to say, the connecting plug of a new art Illuminator that connects to 25 would need to be alien or non compatible both in any physical attribute as well as and more importantly electrically un-mateable to a pre-existing prior art socket of a Lighting Fixture that the adaptor's plug 27 connects to. This incompatibility between primary and secondary plugs and sockets is a must, mostly for safety reasons. For example, a low voltage Illuminator would most likely be damaged in the least, if connected directly to a high voltage pre existing prior art socket of a prior art Lighting Fixture. The adaptor must satisfy safety design requirements of the appropriate jurisdiction that they are used in. Simply put, the new art Illuminator base that connects to socket connector 25 would be unique so as not to match the socket of any other prior art Fixture's Illuminator socket (refer to fig 13) and designed so the Illuminator's input power connector of the low-polar HEHB LED Illuminator cannot be attached to the early art pre-existing socket directly, either electrically and/or physically. In another design, the HEI may be constructed so as to include a PCM, and the Illuminator having a unique input power plug could mate to an adaptor that does not include a PCM. The adaptor is to purely allow a prior art Fixture socket to supply power to a new art Illuminator plug. The combined use of the adaptor and the new Illuminator allows one solution to replace an early art lamp with new technology. The adaptor may be sold separately to the Illuminator for the benefit to a consumer or together with the Illuminator as a "kit". A prior art Lighting Fixture may be "upgraded" using a special retrofit Illuminator system with separately attached PCM and Lamp. For example, with an integrated or attached module housing containing a PCM 29 as shown in fig 18, a new art Illuminator and separately attached PCM 28 is connected to an early art Fixture's 25 V ~IU U ILII I LJVJ '..;VkIX1UL VIOA LI I1U L;'.J %,CAP VIU~j 3 _ U I IOLJIII I 0 C I IIUVV CAI L IIUH lIi III L IV lIL IV an prior art Fixture. The lowest level/amount of power (form, voltage and current) required to illuminate an LED Die to an effective illumination level must also be of a level so as not to cause premature deterioration or failure of the LED's die. An LED Die can deteriorate considerably and have a greatly reduced lifetime when "driven" at too low a power, as well as too high a power. A minimum level at where the LED Die will not be greatly adversely affected is defined. This level of illumination is referred to as the "minimum effective threshold of illumination" for any given LED Die. The LED Die also has a maximum effective threshold which relates to the amount of illumination produced from the maximum level of safe power (form, voltage and current) that an LED Die is designed to use before there is premature deterioration or failure. The range of power between these two limits is defined herein as the "effective operating power range" (eopr) of the LED Die. Without limiting the design, it is simply stated that the PCM, eg: fig 25, may for example, be at least a group(s) of electronic component(s) mounted to a PCB(s) and acting as a constant current delivering module (eg: Buck, boost, buck-boost, SEPIC, etc), or it may be at least a single component acting as a power regulator (such as a simple linear current device). The Illuminator's LED(s) would utilise the eopr power form from an appropriately designed power supply either directly or via a power control/management module which has the ability to modify the power requirements of the Illuminator should it be required, eg: a remote controlled power controller. In the examples mentioned above, the Illuminator is predominately "removably fitted" to the Fixture or device. That is to say, the Illuminator may be easily replaced at end of life or as required. Most prior art Lighting Fixtures used in our homes and buildings, usually utilize "mains" voltage power as a power source (230/240v ac in Australia). An example is a structure where the requirement of an Illuminator using low-polar HEHB LED technology would need to be able to work when installed in unison with a prior art Fixture element, and could be electrically controlled by a standard "triac" style dimmer control. The PCM in this example, would modify the power input from the 26 I11CA10 V~VILJIU~ CA%, JVVVII OIJUI %..'U U11 ~'LUY VI ViCA CA OLIUIVVI I LI CAI IOIIJI I I I1UI VI UJ0II0AOL, CAI U supplies the modified output so as to be a constant current power source which is required for the low-polar HEHB LED(s) of this example. One example of a PCM to do this would be an electronic PCB utilizing a Texas Instruments' LM3445 triac dimmable offline LED driver solution. The LM3445 LED driver with an HEI enables a direct replacement of incandescent or halogen lamp Illuminator that is currently interfaced to a TRIAC dimmer without having to change the original infrastructure or sacrifice performance. We refer to fig 24 which illustrates a schematic diagram of one preferred design of PCM utilising the LM3445 driver IC 43. Fig 25 shows an example of a PCM PCB utilising the LM3445 LED driver 44. In some sensitive or mission critical designs, appropriate levels of regulation of non conforming power supply may be required in addition to the normal design of a PCM. Eg: to guard against power surges and Electro-magnetic pulses (EMP), lightning strikes, electro-static discharge (ESD) and other causes. A compulsory requirement in Australia for most electrical items as well as the Invention, is a need to satisfy Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) Electro Magnetic Compatibility requirements (EMC). Satisfying these requirements also requires marking the equipment with the appropriate symbol, in this case the "RCM" mark. The RCM mark replaces the C-tick and A-tick and RCM marks in Australia from March 1 st 2013 with some transitional arrangements. Placement of the low-polar HEHB LED(s) PCM is important as it may generate its own heat and this thermal mass must, like the low-polar HEHB LED's operating thermal mass, be controlled, attenuated or managed and/or be kept within recommended limits. Referring back to the first preferred embodiment, attaching the PCM 33 (in part or as a whole) to a surface of the Illuminator's housing 32 (or bonding of the PCM to the Illuminator's Housing 32 usually suffices. The PCM in its particular form, may be an inclusion in the Illuminator's design, or the PCM may be separate from the Illuminator but still be enclosed in another element or module of the Fixture, or the PCM may be separate altogether or remote from the Fixture itself. One example is a PCM that is able to supply the correct required power form to two or more Fixtures' Illuminator(s). However, in most cases, the PCM is usually placed in circuit between the primary power supply and at least one of the low-polar HEHB LED(s). 27 I L 10 JIUI IU Iii I Y .%JI 101 IU I IUU LI ICAL LI I~ IUIVJVVV ICA I I I L.I I LJ L.L..LJ.1k J I ICA 01 IC IU CA I "~.U II I I I IIUI IL II a PCM to supply the required power form but not necessarily be placed or fixed in any particular fixed location or position relative to the low-polar HEHB LED(s) and that the requirement is that the PCM is placed at least, somewhere in circuit between the power supply and at least one of the low-polar HEHB LED(s) of the Illuminator. It is a preferred requirement that there be a means to sense the temperature(s) of the PCM, and the low-polar HEHB LED(s). The usual methods, acknowledged by those skilled in the art, are to use either thermistors, and/or analogue (or digital) Integrated Circuit (IC) sensors. These operate by maintaining an appropriate "feedback" to the PCM of the temperatures at the placement zones of the Illuminator's components, and so allow the PCM, in it's design, should it be required, to moderate the output current load to the low-polar HEHB LED(s) to reduce the power load of the system and so in turn, bring the operating temperature(s) down to a safe level. This works to ensure that the low-polar HEHB LED(s) does not have a shortened life expectancy, and parts of, or parts adjacent to, the HEI are not thermally damaged. The low-polar HEHB LED(s) of the Invention is not limited to producing light output of a Whitish colour. A white LED for example may be considered a warm white (eg: slightly yellowish and approximately 2600-3500 degrees Kelvin), neutral white (eg: mostly white and approximately 3500-5000 degrees Kelvin), or cool white (eg: slightly bluish and over approximately 5000 degrees Kelvin) approximately, depending on their respective colour temperatures measured in degrees Kelvin. For example, a requirement for light of a different colour/wavelength (eg: often a reddish tint) is sometimes used in a place where animals gather at night. Visible lighting for artistic appreciation may be of a colour other than white and is commonly used in museums and art galleries. Usually however, indoor lighting is of a whitish colour. Visible light (for humans) ranges in wavelength from about 390 nanometres (nm) for deep blue/violet light up to about 900 nm for red light approaching infra-red). For example, to obtain a colour tinted light output, a white output Illuminator could be used behind a colour tinted cover, or a colour output LED may be positioned behind a clear cover, or other combinations. One further example is of the use of a specific coating/tint to enhance or attenuate certain wavelength(s) of the light emitted and may also include reflectors and lenses or covers or for example a wavelength changing or modifying cover(s). In some "Museum" displays, certain wavelengths of light may enhance a display or may cause deterioration. 28 However, colour output lights, unless for a specific illumination need, (eg: a nocturnal animal feeding site as mentioned), are mostly limited to Conspicuity lighting, Spotlighting, or signalling and are not referred to as being included in the Invention herein described. A further feature is the ability to modify the light output strength, as full brightness may sometimes be too illuminating. This would mostly and preferably be performed by modifying the current to the low-polar HEHB LED(s), and in most cases this is usually accomplished by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of the LED's PCM's output to the low-polar HEHB LED(s). The controlling nature of a PCM, and the Illuminator(s) that it delivers power to, may be further enhanced by the use of remote control with the aid of for example, wireless technologies and other remote control devices utilising different data transmission protocols and techniques. Eg: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Canbus, Radio Frequency (RF), modulated light (eg: infrared or IR), wired networks means and others. Sound waves could also be used. Eg: when we clap our hands, certain audio receivers can be constructed to control the dimming of lights in a room. The embodiments illustrated and discussed in this specification are intended only to teach those skilled in the art the best way known to the inventors to make use of the Invention. Nothing in this specification should be considered as limiting the scope of the present Invention. All examples presented are representative and non-limiting. The above-described embodiments of the Invention may be modified or varied, without departing from the Invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the Invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described. 29