AT527289A1 - Bogenhaus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arched house, comprising a floor slab (1), two concrete bases (2) which run parallel to one another and are located in opposite end regions of the floor slab (1), and an arched roof which extends between the concrete bases (2), wherein the arched house comprises at least two elements which run in the direction of the arch of the arched house between the concrete bases (2), wherein the elements are walls (3) and/or arched supports (4), wherein the arched house is closed at both ends by a wall (3) or a glass facade, wherein the arched roof comprises an inner layer of panels (5) on which a concrete ceiling (6) is located, wherein the panels (5) run transversely to the direction of the arch and rest on the at least two elements, wherein the concrete ceiling (6) was erected on site using the panels (5) as formwork and wherein the concrete ceiling (6) is a statically load-bearing vault.

Description

Description

The invention relates to an arched house with a cast

concrete ceiling.

An arched house is a house with an arched roof or ceiling and in the narrower sense a house whose outer surface is in the

is essentially entirely arched.

DE 3246364 A1 shows an arched house made of semi-arched, uniform reinforced concrete parts. During construction, the floor slab is laid in sections on a prepared subsurface in individual slab strips and, if necessary, provided with an abutment. The elliptical side and ceiling shells are then also set up in sections from the abutment to the apex and secured with supports. By setting up the corresponding "counterpart", the two shells hold each other and the support can be removed and used for the next section or the next bundle. The arched foot is then cast in a groove in the floor slab created on site, as well as the apex or ridge line to form a three-hinged frame. The disadvantage is that a support is required for construction, or that the similar arched elements only reliably support each other if the parabolic elements are arranged upright and the height of the house therefore exceeds half the width of the house, which is particularly the case with single-storey arched houses.

is not effective.

AT 13649 U2 shows a single-storey, barrier-free solid house in modular construction, which is composed of several identical and interconnectable, curved modules to form a vault, with the modules being placed on concrete bases manufactured on site and on pre-arranged ceiling formwork. This house is also made of uniform reinforced concrete parts, with supports being used for construction, which support the

Support reinforced concrete parts at the apex or ridge. Each support

can only be removed when the reinforced concrete parts have been fixed by the introduction and hardening of concrete at the apex or ridge

are connected.

An arched house made of semi-arched precast concrete elements is

the DE202015003692U1 known.

The disadvantage of arched houses made of precast concrete elements is that the size of the house is limited to the available sizes of the precast elements and that the transport and assembly of the precast elements requires a large logistical

effort.

The object underlying the invention is to improve the construction of an arched house in order to

to be able to dispense with prefabricated concrete elements.

To solve the problem, an arched house according to claim 1 and

a process for its production was proposed.

The essential feature of the invention is that two different static systems are placed on top of each other, offset by 90 degrees,

namely - load-bearing system in the assembled state as a continuous beam, - load-bearing system in the final state made of concrete as a vault.

In one variant, an arched house is proposed, comprising a floor slab, two concrete bases which run parallel to each other and are located in opposite end regions of the floor slab and an arched roof which extends between the concrete bases, wherein the arched house comprises at least two elements which run in the direction of the arch of the arched house between the concrete bases, wherein the elements are walls and/or arched supports, wherein the arched house is closed at both ends by a wall or a glass facade, wherein the arched roof comprises an inner layer of panels on which there is a concrete ceiling, wherein the panels run transversely to the direction of the arch and on

which rest on at least two elements, whereby the concrete ceiling

was erected on site using the panels as formwork

and the concrete ceiling is a statically load-bearing vault.

The panels are preferably made of wood. This means that the load-bearing system in the assembled state is a continuous beam made of wood

built.

In a less preferred embodiment, the panels are concrete element panels. Such element panels are known from concrete element ceilings according to the state of the art. The respective element panel can have reinforcement elements which protrude from the element panel on the upper side, i.e. the side facing the concrete ceiling. The element panels made of reinforced concrete have a thickness of 4 to 8 cm, for example 6.5 cm. The element panels have a width of up to 2.5 m. The element panels can be prestressed and/or slightly curved in order to avoid sagging between the walls and/or beams and/or temporary supports. The reinforcement of the element panels is preferably supplemented by additional reinforcement before the concrete ceiling is poured. The reinforcement protruding from the element panels connects the

Element panels with the cast arched concrete ceiling.

In the case of wooden panels, the reinforcement, particularly in the form of steel mesh mats, is placed on the wooden panels. In this variant, the wooden panels are preferably not connected to the concrete ceiling, at least not at the time

the production of the concrete ceiling.

The maximum inclination of the arch, which is present in the area of the two supports, is preferably no more than 40 degrees. The maximum inclination of the arch is preferably in the range of 35-40 degrees. With a steeper arch, the concrete can no longer be placed, at least not without a second external

formwork.

It is preferred that the arched house includes at least two walls.

In one variant, the arched house comprises at least one arched support, which with its two

ends supported on the concrete bases.

In one variant, the wooden panels

cross-laminated timber panels.

In one variant, the walls are made of

Cross laminated timber. Less preferably, the walls can also be made of other materials. The walls can also be in the form of concrete walls, brick walls or hollow wall element walls

present.

In one variant, the arched supports

glued laminated timber beams.

In one variant, an earth filling is provided above the arched roof, with the two concrete bases below

the earth filling.

In one variant, the arc width is between 8

and 30 meters, in particular between 10 and 20 meters.

The invention comprises a method for establishing a

Bogenhaus where

- in a first step, the base plate and the two

concrete base will be built,

- in a second step, at least three, preferably at least four, support points are erected, each support point extending as a support line between the two concrete bases, the support points being formed by elements selected from walls, beams and temporary

supports are formed,

- wherein in a third step the panels, in particular wooden panels, are placed on the support points, wherein the panels, in particular wooden panels, are arranged with their longitudinal direction

Each one runs parallel to the concrete bases,

- in the fourth step, the concrete for the concrete ceiling is applied to the slabs, especially wooden slabs, and

concrete ceiling hardens.

It is preferred that in a later step a conventional roof structure, in particular a flat roof structure, and

an earth filling is carried out on the concrete surface.

It is preferred that at least one support point or at least one area of a support point is formed by a temporary support, which temporary support is removed after the construction of the concrete ceiling or the entire arched house

becomes.

It is preferred that at least three support points are formed by walls and/or beams, which walls and/or beams in

Bogenhaus are integrated.

The invention, in particular its advantageous embodiments and further details according to the invention which are advantageous compared to the prior art, are explained with reference to drawings

illustrated:

Fig. 1: Shows schematically a first exemplary variant

an objective arched house in front view.

Fig. 2: Shows schematically a first exemplary variant

an objective arched house in a view from above.

Fig. 3: Shows schematically a second exemplary variant

an objective arched house in front view.

Fig. 4: Shows schematically a second exemplary variant of an arched house in view from above

still without a concrete ceiling.

Fig. 5: Shows a schematic detailed view of a possible design of the floor slab in the area of the supports

the arched roof.

The width of the arched house is the extension in the direction of the arch of the arched roof. The length of the arched house

is the extension transverse to the direction of the arch of the arched roof

The direction of the arch is the direction in which the arch has a curved course. Perpendicular to the direction of the arch, the arched roof has a straight, preferably horizontal, course. The arched roof is

therefore not dome-shaped.

1 and 2 show a first exemplary embodiment of a single-storey arched house according to the invention. Figs. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment. In Figs. 1 and 3, which show the arched house from the front, the floor slab 1 can be seen. In a less preferred variant, the floor slab 1 can be made of prefabricated concrete parts. However, the floor slab 1 is preferably constructed on site in one pour (as a monolithic foundation slab) with water-impermeable concrete. In addition, the underfloor heating is preferably already built into this component (concrete core activation). The surface is either sanded (suitable for floor coverings) or can also be used as a finished floor surface (fully sanded and sealed), or a screed can be laid on the floor slab. Thermal insulation is preferably present under and/or above the floor slab. The thermal insulation under or above the floor slab can be created, for example, using ecological insulation material, granulate such as glass foam granulate, or preferably with thermal insulation panels (thickness as required by the energy certificate). Thermal insulation panels made of rigid foam are particularly suitable. The ecological balance of thermal insulation panels can be improved if they are manufactured with a high proportion of biomass and/or recycled raw materials, as is known in the art.

became.

The base plate 1 has two parallel concrete bases 2, which are connected to the base plate 1 by force (and also by means of joint tape) and serve as abutments for the

Arched roof. The statically effective forces of the vault

are separated from the concrete bases 2 and their foundations 7

recorded.

The design variants of Fig. 1 and 3 differ in

the height of the concrete base 2.

The height of the concrete base 2, or the distance of the abutment to the floor slab 1, can be dimensioned as desired depending on the requirements of the building or part of the building and is, for example, between 0 and 250 cm, in particular between 20

and 200 cm.

The arched house comprises at least one wall 3, preferably at least two walls 3. The walls 3 are best seen in Figs. 2 and 4. Each wall 3 runs in the direction of the arch between the first concrete base 2 and the second concrete base 2. The concrete bases 2 and the walls 3 are preferably in a right

angle to each other. The upper surface of wall 3 is arched.

In the variant shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the arched house comprises two walls 3 and an arched beam 4. The arched beam 4 is preferably a wooden element, in particular a glued beam. The walls 3 are preferably wooden walls. Less preferably, the beam 4 can be made of another material, for example steel or reinforced concrete. Less preferably, the walls 3 can be made of another material, for example brick or concrete, or comprise a combination of several materials. Panels 5, in particular wooden panels, run across the walls 3 and/or arched beams 4 and rest on at least two support points selected from walls 3 and beams 4. Preferably, the panels 5 rest on at least three support points selected from walls 3 and beams 4 in the finished state of the building. In Fig. 2, the panels 5 rest, for example, on two walls 3 and a beam 4. In Fig. 4, the

Plates 5 on three walls 3.

The concrete bases 2 of Fig. 2 and/or Fig. 4 can be made according to

Fig. 1 or according to Fig. 3.

In Fig. 2 and 4, line 9 illustrates another support point for the panels 5. In one design variant, this support point is only present during the construction of the arched house and not in the finished arched house. A temporary support is erected during the construction of the arched house.

and dismantled again after the concrete ceiling 6 has hardened.

In another variant, a wall 3 or a support 4 could be present at line 9, which in the finished

building remains.

A support point can also be formed by combining a wall 3 and a beam 4, for example by bridging a distance between two sections of a wall 3 with a beam 4, or by bridging a distance between a wall 3 and a concrete base 2 with a beam 4. A combination of a wall 3 and a temporary support is also possible if the wall 3 does not extend over the entire length of the

arch.

When constructing the arched house, it is preferable to have at least four

Support points for the plates 5 available.

Preferably, the support points are spaced 2.5 m to 4

m to each other.

The walls 3 are preferably made of cross laminated timber. The panels 5 in the form of wooden panels are preferably made of cross laminated timber. As already mentioned at the beginning, instead of the wooden panels, element panels made of reinforced concrete can also be used, which is less preferred. The arrangement of the

The element panels are arranged in the same way as the wooden panels.

The long sides of the plates 5 run in the longitudinal direction of the arched house, i.e. transverse to the direction of the arch and the walls 3 or beams 4. The long sides of the plates 5 run parallel to the concrete bases 2. Preferably, each plate 5 extends

throughout the entire length of the arched house. Preferably

the plates 5 protrude beyond the outer support points, in particular in the form of walls 3 or beams 4. The plates 5 preferably also protrude beyond the concrete base 2 in the longitudinal direction. The plates 5 are placed on the support points during construction, with the two outer plates 5 resting on the concrete base 2. Preferably, the respective outer plate 5 rests on a horizontal or an inclined contact surface of the respective concrete base 2. The respective concrete base 2 preferably has an outer web which supports the upper side of the plate 5 resting on the concrete base 2.

towers over.

The panels 5 can have a rectangular cross-section. Panels 5 can also have a trapezoidal cross-section. The panels 5 can all be identical, or there can be panels 5 with different cross-sectional shapes. The panels 5 can have a uniform width or different widths. The adjacent long sides of the panels 5 can be provided with a contour, for example with a step or a tongue and groove system. Since the panels 5 also rest on at least two support points in the erected building, preferably on at least three support points, it is not necessary for the panels 5 to be in the sense of a

support the vault itself.

The panels 5 form a formwork for the concrete ceiling 6, whereby the panels 5 remain in the building so that they form an interior ceiling. In the case of wooden panels, the interior ceiling is

thus a wooden ceiling.

When the arched house is erected, the concrete ceiling 6 is formed on the slabs 5 by pouring or applying the concrete onto the slabs 5 and hardening in place to form the concrete ceiling 6. The entire concrete ceiling 6 is thus covered by a

monolithic concrete body.

The concrete ceiling 6 forms a vault and provides the supporting

structure of the roof.

The concrete ceiling 6 can extend to the top of the outer web of the two concrete bases 2. If additional formwork panels are attached to the outside of the concrete bases 2 when the concrete ceiling 6 is erected, the concrete ceiling 2 can

protrude above the top of the concrete base 2.

In Figs. 1 to 3, the arched house is shown with the concrete ceiling 6 erected. In Fig. 4, the concrete ceiling 6 is not shown. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the concrete ceiling 6 can protrude longitudinally over the concrete base 2 or be flush with it. The panels 5 can be flush with the concrete ceiling 6 in the longitudinal direction or, as shown, protrude over the concrete ceiling 6. The protruding areas could be removed after the arched house has been erected or filled with a

be provided with suitable roof covering.

The overhanging roof protects the outer walls from precipitation

and can provide shade.

Not shown in Figs. 1 and 3 are doors and/or windows, which can be provided in the walls 3. The building preferably comprises at least one wall 3 as an external wall, which preferably comprises an entrance door. At the opposite end there can be a wall 3, which preferably comprises a patio door. Preferably, however, there is a glass facade at the second end of the building, which in the area

a support 4 can be erected.

Preferably, the building comprises exactly one wall 3 as an inner wall, which is preferably closer to a first outer side of the building than to the second outer side, preferably the ratio of the distances to the two outer sides is approximately 1:2. The outer side which is closer to the inner wall is preferably

formed by a wall 3.

The arch width, i.e. the width of the arched house, is

preferably between 8 and 30 meters, especially between 10 and

10

20 meters. Due to the construction method, the arch width

freely selectable.

The rise height is preferably between 3 and 5 meters, in particular between 3.5 and 4.5 meters. The thickness of the concrete ceiling 6 is preferably between 10 and 20 centimeters,

especially between 14 and 16 centimeters.

The length of the arched house, i.e. the extension perpendicular to the direction of the arch, is preferably between 5 and 15 meters. Theoretically, longer buildings are also possible if the number of walls, beams and/or temporary supports is increased. Due to the construction method, the length of the arched house is

freely selectable.

The thickness of the panels 5 in the form of wooden panels is preferably between 5 and 15 cm. The width of the wooden panels is preferably between 50 cm and 150 cm, in particular

between 70 cm and 120 cm.

The thickness of the plates 5 in the form of element plates is preferably between 4 and 8 cm. The width of the element plates is preferably between 50 cm and 150 cm, in particular

between 70 cm and 120 cm.

For example, a conventional flat roof structure (as a warm roof or as an inverted roof) is laid on the concrete ceiling 6 and the soil deposited on site, including humus, is preferably re-applied to this in order to enable intensive greening. The soil filling 10 (including intensive greening) on the vaulted ceiling creates a pleasant room climate (warm in winter and cool in summer).

The earth filling 10 is illustrated in Fig. 3.

By overhanging the wooden ceiling or the element panels and optionally also the concrete ceiling 6 at the end of the building, shade can be provided on the one hand and a partially covered terrace on the other. The building can be

Construction method can also be used to build a semi-detached house.

11

The drainage of the roof is preferably carried out exclusively via drainage pipes arranged on both sides in the area of the concrete base 2 and running along the entire length of the house

8th

When manufacturing the concrete ceiling 6, hoses, in particular electrical installation hoses, can be placed on the wooden ceiling or the element panel ceiling so that they are integrated into the concrete ceiling 6. The hoses can be connected to the interior of the building through openings in the wooden ceiling or the element panel ceiling. The wooden ceiling or the element panel ceiling can form the interior ceiling of the building or the building or a part of the building can have a suspended ceiling, whereby installations (ventilation, cables...) can be laid in the space above the suspended ceiling. Since the position of hoses in the concrete ceiling 6 is known, they can be drilled at any point on the arch and cables can then be laid, in particular for lighting elements.

be confiscated.

Fig. 5 shows an exemplary design of the base plate 1 in the area of the abutment. The abutment is formed by the concrete base 2. In the area of the concrete base 2, the base plate 1 is thicker than in the middle area of the arch or building. This relieves the load on the base plate 1, which leads to considerable material savings. It can be provided to extend the base plate 1 beyond the concrete base 2, with this projection of the base plate 1 being inclined on its upper side, so that rainwater flowing off the roof sealing can flow along the slope of the slope into the drainage pipe 8. The widened area of the base plate 1 preferably also projects slightly beyond the concrete base 2 towards the interior of the building. The widened area including the projection forms a

Foundation 7 for the concrete base 2. In one design variant, it can be provided that the

Panels 5, in particular in the form of wooden panels, after erection

12

the concrete ceiling 6 before a temporary support underneath is removed. For example, this can be done if a temporary support forms one of the two outer support points. Using the example of Fig. 2, in this case, instead of the beam 4

a temporary support must be available.

In one variant, concrete core activation is provided in the concrete ceiling. For this purpose, a pipe for the medium of a heating and/or cooling system is cast into the concrete ceiling. This pipe or several pipes are placed on the slabs,

before the concrete ceiling is poured.

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Claims (10)

protection claims 1. Arched house, comprising a floor slab (1), two concrete bases (2) which run parallel to one another and are located in opposite end regions of the floor slab (1), and an arched roof which extends between the concrete bases (2), wherein the arched house comprises at least two elements which run in the direction of the arch of the arched house between the concrete bases (2), wherein the elements are walls (3) and/or arched supports (4), wherein the arched house is closed at both ends by a wall (3) or a glass facade, characterized in that the arched roof comprises an inner layer of several plates (5) on which a concrete ceiling (6) is located, wherein the several plates (5) run transversely to the direction of the arch and rest on the at least two elements, wherein the concrete ceiling (6) was erected on site using the plates (5) as formwork, and wherein the Concrete ceiling (6) is a statically load-bearing vault. 2. Arched house according to claim 1, characterized in that the Arched house comprises at least two walls (3). 3. Arched house according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the arched house comprises at least one arched support (4) which is fixed with its two ends to the concrete bases (2) is supported. 4. Arched house according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the panels (5) are wooden panels, especially cross-laminated timber panels. 5. Arched house according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that above the arched roof there is an earth filling (10), whereby the two concrete bases (2) are below the earth embankment (10). 6. Arched house according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the arch width is in the range between 8 and 30 meters, especially between 10 and 20 meters. 14 7. Method for erecting an arched house according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in a first step the floor slab (1) and the two concrete bases (2) are erected, in a second step at least three preferably at least four support points are erected, each support point extending as a support line between the two concrete bases (2), the support points being formed by elements selected from walls (3), beams (4) and temporary supports, in a third step the slabs (5) are placed on the support points, the slabs (5) each running parallel to the concrete bases (2), in the fourth step the concrete for the concrete ceiling (6) is applied to the slabs (5) and to the concrete ceiling (6). 8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that in a later step a conventional roof structure, in particular a flat roof structure, and an earth filling (10) on the concrete ceiling (6). 9. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that at least one support point or at least one area of a support point is formed by a temporary support, which temporary support after erection of the concrete ceiling (6) or the entire arched house is removed. 10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at least three support points are formed by walls (3) and/or supports (4), which walls (3) and/or supports (4) are integrated into the arched house. 15