AR052768A1 - Derivados de aza-azucar, inhibidores de heparanasas y las composiciones que los contienen - Google Patents
Derivados de aza-azucar, inhibidores de heparanasas y las composiciones que los contienenInfo
- Publication number
- AR052768A1 AR052768A1 ARP050103039A ARP050103039A AR052768A1 AR 052768 A1 AR052768 A1 AR 052768A1 AR P050103039 A ARP050103039 A AR P050103039A AR P050103039 A ARP050103039 A AR P050103039A AR 052768 A1 AR052768 A1 AR 052768A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- formula
- alkyl
- hydroxyl
- aralkyl
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to nitrogen
- C07H5/06—Aminosugars
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7008—Compounds having an amino group directly attached to a carbon atom of the saccharide radical, e.g. D-galactosamine, ranimustine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/702—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/08—Vasodilators for multiple indications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- C07H3/06—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
La presente se refiere a los compuestos inhibidores de heparanasas, que responden a la formula general (1). Estos compuestos son utiles en el carcinoma de pulmon, mama, prostata y esofago y de enfermedades cardiovasculares como la aterosclerosis y las retenosis post angioplastia y enfermedades inflamatorios cronicas. Reivindicacion 1: Compuestos de formula general (1), donde: R representa un átomo de hidrogeno, un radical hidroxilo, un radical -OSO3-, un radical -O-alquiloC1-5 o un radical - O-aralquilo; Z representa un radical COO- o un radical hidroxilo; X representa un radical hidroxilo o una unidad sacarídica de formula (2); donde: R1 representa un átomo de oxígeno, que permite a la formula (2) ligarse a la unidad aza-azucar o a otra unidad sacarídica; R2 representa un radical -NH2, un radical -NHCOalquiloC1-5, un radical -NHCOarilo, un radical -NHSO3-, un radical hidroxilo, un radical -O-alquiloC1-5, un radical -O-aralquilo o un radical -OSO3-; R3 representa un radical hidroxilo, un radical -OSO3-, un radical -O-alquiloC1-5 o un radical -O-aralquilo; R4 representa un radical hidroxilo, un radical -OSO3-, un radical -O-alquiloC1-5, un radical -O-aralquilo o una unidad sacarídica de formula (3), donde: R6 representa un átomo de oxígeno, que permite a la formula (3) ligarse a otra unidad sacarídica de formula (2); R7 y R8 tienen la misma definicion que R3 tal como se definio anteriormente; R9 representa un grupo hidroxilo, un radical -OSO3-, un radical -O- alquiloC1-5, un radical -O-aralquilo o una unidad sacarídica de formula (2) como se definio anteriormente; R5 tiene la misma definicion que R3 tal como se definio anteriormente; Y representa un átomo de hidrogeno, un radical alquilo C1-5 o una unidad sacarídica de formula (4), donde: R10, R12 y R13 tienen, respectivamente, las mismas definiciones que R5, R3 y R2 tal como se definieron anteriormente; R11 representa: un radical alquileno C1-3 que permite a la formula (4) unirse a la unidad aza-sucre; o un átomo de oxígeno que permite a la formula (4) unirse a otra unidad sacarísica; R14 representa un radical -O-alquiloC1-5 o un radical de formula -O-E, en donde E representa un radical de formula (5), donde: R15 representa un radical - O-alquiloC1-5, un radical -O-aralquilo o una unidad sacarídica de formula (4) en donde R11 representa un átomo de oxígeno; R16 y R17 tienen la misma definicion que R3 tal como se definio anteriormente; con la condicion, sin embargo, de que cuando X y R representan cada uno un radical hidroxilo, Y no represente un átomo de hidrogeno; y entendiéndose que el numero de unidades sacarídicas contenidas por el compuesto de formulas (1) se encuentra entre 1 y 10; en forma libre o en forma de sales formadas con una base o un ácido farmacéuticamente aceptables, como así también en forma de solventes o de hidratos.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0408160A FR2873377B1 (fr) | 2004-07-23 | 2004-07-23 | Derives d'azasucre, inhibiteurs d'heparanases, leur procede de preparation, les compositions en contenant et leur utilisation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AR052768A1 true AR052768A1 (es) | 2007-04-04 |
Family
ID=34949814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ARP050103039A AR052768A1 (es) | 2004-07-23 | 2005-07-22 | Derivados de aza-azucar, inhibidores de heparanasas y las composiciones que los contienen |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20070270354A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1773854B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2008507496A (es) |
KR (1) | KR20070034996A (es) |
CN (1) | CN1956991A (es) |
AR (1) | AR052768A1 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE525382T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2005276351A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BRPI0511480A (es) |
CA (1) | CA2564224A1 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2873377B1 (es) |
IL (1) | IL179076A (es) |
NZ (1) | NZ552708A (es) |
PE (1) | PE20060571A1 (es) |
RU (1) | RU2007106880A (es) |
TW (1) | TW200617018A (es) |
UY (1) | UY29030A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2006021653A2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BRPI0816613A2 (pt) | 2007-10-16 | 2018-10-23 | Progen Pharmaceuticals Ltd | novos derivados de oligossacarideos sulfatados |
AU2010234779A1 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2011-10-20 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Heparan sulfate synthesis |
FR2949114B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-08-26 | Sanofi Aventis | OCTASACCHARIDES N-ACYLES ACTIVATEURS DES RECEPTEURS DES FGFs, LEUR PREPARATION ET LEUR APPLICATION EN THERAPEUTIQUE |
FR2949115B1 (fr) | 2009-08-14 | 2012-11-02 | Sanofi Aventis | OLIGOSACCHARIDES N-SULFATES ACTIVATEURS DES RECEPTEURS DES FGFs, LEUR PREPARATION ET LEUR APPLICATION EN THERAPEUTIQUE |
CN102655863B (zh) * | 2009-09-30 | 2013-11-20 | 株式会社资生堂 | 乙酰肝素酶活性抑制剂 |
CN101704812B (zh) * | 2009-11-09 | 2014-03-05 | 北京大学 | 氮杂糖类化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
US10469224B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-11-05 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Joint transmission of precoded and unprecoded sounding reference signals in uplink |
US11787783B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2023-10-17 | Beta Therapeutics Pty Ltd | Heparanase inhibitors and use thereof |
CN110291073A (zh) | 2016-12-13 | 2019-09-27 | 贝塔医疗私人有限公司 | 乙酰肝素酶抑制剂及其用途 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5378829A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1995-01-03 | Akzo N.V. | Sulfated glycosaminoglycanoid derivatives of the heparin and heparan sulfate type |
KR970001164B1 (ko) * | 1993-06-09 | 1997-01-29 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 세팔로스포린계 항생제 및 그의 제조방법 |
US6190875B1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2001-02-20 | Insight Strategy & Marketing Ltd. | Method of screening for potential anti-metastatic and anti-inflammatory agents using mammalian heparanase as a probe |
US6274597B1 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2001-08-14 | Mount Sinai School Of Medicine Of New York University | Method of enhancing lysosomal α-Galactosidase A |
-
2004
- 2004-07-23 FR FR0408160A patent/FR2873377B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-20 CA CA002564224A patent/CA2564224A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-20 CN CNA2005800165037A patent/CN1956991A/zh active Pending
- 2005-07-20 RU RU2007106880/04A patent/RU2007106880A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-20 JP JP2007521986A patent/JP2008507496A/ja active Pending
- 2005-07-20 EP EP05790838A patent/EP1773854B1/fr active Active
- 2005-07-20 WO PCT/FR2005/001851 patent/WO2006021653A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-07-20 AT AT05790838T patent/ATE525382T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-07-20 AU AU2005276351A patent/AU2005276351A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-20 NZ NZ552708A patent/NZ552708A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-07-20 KR KR1020067024508A patent/KR20070034996A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-20 BR BRPI0511480-2A patent/BRPI0511480A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-07-21 PE PE2005000849A patent/PE20060571A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-22 UY UY29030A patent/UY29030A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-22 TW TW094125039A patent/TW200617018A/zh unknown
- 2005-07-22 AR ARP050103039A patent/AR052768A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-11-06 IL IL179076A patent/IL179076A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-01-23 US US11/625,994 patent/US20070270354A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-09-08 US US13/227,922 patent/US20120065153A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
UY29030A1 (es) | 2006-02-24 |
WO2006021653A2 (fr) | 2006-03-02 |
ATE525382T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
PE20060571A1 (es) | 2006-07-22 |
BRPI0511480A (pt) | 2007-12-26 |
EP1773854B1 (fr) | 2011-09-21 |
FR2873377B1 (fr) | 2006-10-13 |
RU2007106880A (ru) | 2008-09-10 |
CN1956991A (zh) | 2007-05-02 |
US20070270354A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
CA2564224A1 (fr) | 2006-03-02 |
AU2005276351A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
IL179076A0 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
NZ552708A (en) | 2010-07-30 |
KR20070034996A (ko) | 2007-03-29 |
IL179076A (en) | 2011-10-31 |
EP1773854A2 (fr) | 2007-04-18 |
WO2006021653A3 (fr) | 2006-08-10 |
US20120065153A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
TW200617018A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
FR2873377A1 (fr) | 2006-01-27 |
JP2008507496A (ja) | 2008-03-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CR10643A (es) | DERIVADOS DE 2-ARIL-6-FENIL-IMIDAZOL[1,2-a]PIRIDINAS, SU PREPARACION Y SU APLICACION EN TERAPEUTICA | |
AR047817A1 (es) | Derivados de aril- y heteroarilpiperidincarboxilatos, su preparacion y su aplicacion en terapeutica | |
ES2531315T3 (es) | Compuestos de fosfinato antivíricos | |
AR057244A1 (es) | Compuestos agonistas,antagonistas o agonistas inversos de receptores cb2,composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen, metodos de preparacion y usos para tratar enfermedades inflamatorias y/o autoinmunes. | |
AR051326A1 (es) | Pirazolobenzodiazepinas disustituidas | |
CO6300865A2 (es) | Derivados polisustituidos de 2 aril-6-fenil-imidazo[1,2-a]piridinas su preparacion y su aplicacion en terapeutica | |
ES2247527T3 (es) | Inhibidores de metaloproteinasa de triaril-oxi-aril-espiro-pirimidina-2,4,6-triona. | |
AR054790A1 (es) | Metodos para el tratamiento de disfuncion sexual | |
EA201171328A1 (ru) | Производное замещенного изохинолина | |
EA201070235A1 (ru) | Новые производные 6-триазолпиридинсульфанил-бензотиазола и -бензимидазола, способ их получения, применение их в качестве лекарственных средств, фармацевтические композиции и новое применение, а именно в качестве ингибиторов met | |
AR053149A1 (es) | Uso de compuestos de diosmetina para la obtencion de composiciones farmaceuticas destinadas a la prevencion y/o tratamiento de patologias tromboticas y patologias que conlleven el riesgo de producir trombosis | |
TW200745058A (en) | MMP-13 selective inhibitors | |
CO5631432A2 (es) | Derivados de n-[fenil(piepidin-2-il)metil]benzamida, su preparacion y su aplicacion en terapeutica | |
AR052768A1 (es) | Derivados de aza-azucar, inhibidores de heparanasas y las composiciones que los contienen | |
MX2010002662A (es) | Aminoquinolonas espirociclicas como inhibidores de gsk-3. | |
AR047974A1 (es) | Derivados de alquilpiperazina y alquilhomopiperazina-carboxilatos, su preparacion y su aplicacion en terapeutica | |
CR10553A (es) | Derivados novedosos de aminopiridina que tienen accion inhibidora selectiva sobre aurora a | |
CO6362007A2 (es) | Derivados de azaspiranil-alquilcarbamatos de heterociclos de 5 eslabones, su preparación y su aplicación en terapeútica | |
CO6351789A2 (es) | Derivados de carbamatos de alquiltiazoles, su preparacion y su aplicacion en terapeutica | |
EA201071012A1 (ru) | Производные азетидинов, способ их получения и применение их в терапии | |
AR061377A1 (es) | Derivados diazeniodiolatos, procedimiento de preparacion, composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen y usos en patologias cardiovasculares. | |
AR040570A1 (es) | Deriados de acilaminotiazol, su preparacion y su aplicacion en terapeutica | |
HN2009000504A (es) | Derivados de pirrolizina, indolizina y quinolizina su preparacion y su aplicacion en terapeutica. | |
AR054584A1 (es) | Inhibidores de la bomba de protones isotopicamente sustituidos | |
AR048447A1 (es) | Derivados fenilaminopropanol, composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen y usos como moduladores de la recaptacion de monoaminas |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FA | Abandonment or withdrawal |