Papers by Madhusudan Subedi
Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, 2024
The Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group in Nepal, experience substantial marginalization a... more The Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group in Nepal, experience substantial marginalization and socioeconomic disadvantages, making their communities among the most vulnerable in the region.
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Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, 2024
Medical Education
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Introduction: Across the globe, health care staffs on the frontlines of battle against COVID-19 f... more Introduction: Across the globe, health care staffs on the frontlines of battle against COVID-19 faced a multifaceted challenges. The situation was more critical for resource constraint countries. Although, the concern was focused in providing protective devices and vaccination, it is more important to take account of mental health of the hospital staff. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the experience of staff working in a tertiary level government hospital during the pandemic. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among 29 staffs of Bheri hospital, Nepalgunj. Data was collected from 23 to 25 July, 2022 through three focus group discussions using semi structured focus group discussion guideline. Qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: Content analysis of the data revealed the in-depth experiences of hospital staff i.e., from the initial stage of crisis and chaos to the final stage of acceptance and adaptation. Four main themes were generated: 1) crisis and fearful working environment; 2) impact on personal, family, social and professional life; 3) stage of acceptance and adjustment; 4) future recommendations. Conclusion: The whole story started with a journey from the stage of extreme fear, stress, feeling of threats, and anxiety to the final stage of acceptance and adaptation including feeling pride and satisfaction. Lack of knowledge about newly emerged disease and uncertainty of its prognosis was the reason behind intense fear among the hospital staffs. Therefore, the support to staffs including addressing the emotional wellbeing and mental health of healthcare staffs during any pandemic is very crucial.
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Highlights • Stigma is a complex social phenomenon and plays a role in a range of health conditio... more Highlights • Stigma is a complex social phenomenon and plays a role in a range of health conditions, including in leprosy, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and depressive disorder. • Engaging 'what matters most' is a way to capture culturally salient community capabilities intensifying and mitigating health-related stigma. • Some cultural capabilities can be fundamental to stigma recovery. • Engaging 'what matters most' can inform stigma assessment and reduction programming.
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Health Research Policy and Systems
Introduction Nepal’s move to a federal system was a major constitutional and political change, wi... more Introduction Nepal’s move to a federal system was a major constitutional and political change, with significant devolution of power and resources from the central government to seven newly created provinces and 753 local governments. Nepal’s health system is in the process of adapting to federalism, which is a challenging, yet potentially rewarding, task. This research is a part of broader study that aims to explore the opportunities and challenges facing Nepal’s health system as it adapts to federalisation. Methods This exploratory qualitative study was conducted across the three tiers of government (federal, provincial, and local) in Nepal. We employed two methods: key informant interviews and participatory policy analysis workshops, to offer an in-depth understanding of stakeholders’ practical learnings, experiences, and opinions. Participants included policymakers, health service providers, local elected members, and other local stakeholders. All interviews were audio-recorded, ...
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Nepal Medical College journal, Jun 1, 2010
The consumption of jar water has been increasing consistently in these days. To improve such wate... more The consumption of jar water has been increasing consistently in these days. To improve such water quality and supply, information is needed to assess water contamination in a variety of community, including those that rely primarily on unimproved distributed sources of drinking water. This study was done to assess the public perception on drinking jar water and assessment of drinking jar water distributed in Kathmandu Valley which was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Amrit Science Campus, Thamel, Kathmandu during the period of Aug 2009 to Dec 2009. A total 57 water samples of different drinking jar water having different brand names were proceed using standard protocols and analyzed for the presence of total coliforms and fecal coliforms. All identified fecal coliforms isolates from different water samples were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. In order to know the perception of people in drinking jar water, semi structured questionnaires were made and purposively selected for the study in 525 populations who were using jar water for drinking purpose. Most population rated their drinking jar water good but found to be highly concerned with the quality. Among total water samples, 91.2% (n=52) were found contaminated with total coliforms and 59.6% were with fecal coliforms. During the study, 117 isolates of enteric bacteria were isolated, of which 33.3% (n=39) were Escherichia coli followed by other gram negative bacteria. Similarly, out of 58 fecal coliforms isolates, 43.1%, 39.6%, 12.2% were E. coli, Klebsiella spp, and Enterobacter aerogens. Of those fecal coliforms, all were sensitive to antibiotic ciprofloxacin and resistant to ampicilin. The finding indicates that jar water is not safe for drinking purpose without treatment.
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Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences
This paper introduces our international research project ‘The impact of federalisation on Nepal&#... more This paper introduces our international research project ‘The impact of federalisation on Nepal's health system: a longitudinal analysis’, which is examining the effects of changing Nepal’s constitution towards a federal republic on its health system. After a short overview of recent changes in the constitution of Nepal, which in turn affects the organisation of the nation’s health system, we offer a short theoretical introduction on the decentralisation of health systems. We briefly outline the WHO (World Health Organization) Health System Building Blocks and some of the issues for policy and practice that have arisen in other countries where similar major system-wide reforms have been implemented. After this, we outline the key research questions and research methods of our study, which involves an international and interdisciplinary team of researchers from Nepal and the UK and will be conducted over a period of three years, from 2020 to 2023.
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2023
The landscape of social sciences is inherently complex and
multifaceted, demanding a comprehensi... more The landscape of social sciences is inherently complex and
multifaceted, demanding a comprehensive and nuanced
approach to research methodologies. This paper highlights
the significance of mixed methods research in addressing the
intricate and dynamic nature of social phenomena. Mixed
methods not only enhance the validity and reliability of
research findings but also allow for a holistic understanding
of social phenomena and empower researchers to explore
the comprehensiveness and diversity of human experiences,
behaviors, and interactions that the traditional single-method
approach often falls short of. Furthermore, mixed methods
facilitates the triangulation of data, enabling researchers
to corroborate and validate results through diverse lenses,
thereby fortifying the robustness of their conclusions. Mixed
methods contribute to the development of more effective and
informed social and public policy interventions. Adopting
mixed methods in social science research is not merely a choice
but a necessity for unlocking the full potential of inquiry and
advancing our collective understanding of the complex social
world.
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Circulation
High prevalence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) warrants a life cours... more High prevalence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) warrants a life course approach for efficient prevention. Our previous HARDIC trial in semi-urban Nepal shows conventional CVD educational interventions for mothers improved knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). Digital cardiovascular health promotion provides opportunities to efficiently reach adolescents. Our aim was therefore to develop such digital health promotion through a serious game that is educational and entertaining, as an innovative way to reach adolescents. We conducted a mixed-method study to assess adolescents’ KAP and perception regarding CVD, explored opportunities for digital cardiovascular health promotion, and developed a concept for a serious game prototype. In total, 649 adolescents grades 8-10 in two government and seven private schools in a semi-urban community of Nepal were surveyed cross-sectionally following parental consent. A self-administered questionnaire assessed KAP of CV...
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BMC Nursing
Background Work-related health problems, such as work stress, fatigue, and burnout constitute a g... more Background Work-related health problems, such as work stress, fatigue, and burnout constitute a global challenge within the nursing profession. Work-related health among nurses is not yet a prioritized phenomenon in Nepal. Health-promoting approaches to maintaining and sustaining nurses’ health are therefore essential. The aim of this study was to explore and thereby gain a deeper understanding of how nurses in Nepal’s hospitals experience their everyday work, with a focus on promoting and sustaining their work-related health. Methods A qualitative design with semi-structured individual interviews were used. Nineteen registered nurses working at hospitals in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, were individually interviewed between October 6 and December 5, 2018. Transcribed interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results Four main themes with belonging eight subthemes were constructed from the analysis: (1) “Sense of meaningfulness and belongingness in work culture” with subthemes;...
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Routledge eBooks, Jan 29, 2018
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Routledge eBooks, Jan 29, 2018
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Routledge eBooks, Jan 29, 2018
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Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, Dec 31, 2018
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Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology
Loss of a loved one is deeply emotional. This obituary paper is about Professor Gregory G. Maskar... more Loss of a loved one is deeply emotional. This obituary paper is about Professor Gregory G. Maskarinec (May 16, 1951-June 16, 2022), a true friend, an academic intellectual and an honest researcher of medical anthropology. Working with him and sharing ideas with open mind was a great opportunity for me and many scholars in Nepal. Based on collaborative work, interaction and the interview with Professor Gregory, in his remembrance, I have highlighted his academic background and work experiences, friendship and collaborative work, my privilege and opportunities to write about him for his professorship and some of the dreams that could not happen due to his sudden demise. My deepest sympathies are with his family.
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PLOS global public health, Mar 8, 2023
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People, Cultures and Societies, 2023
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Changing consumer culture and increasing solid-waste have become global environmental issues lead... more Changing consumer culture and increasing solid-waste have become global environmental issues leading to myriad challenges for management, especially in urban spaces. Against this backdrop, this study explores the challenges of solid-waste attached to changing consumer culture in the context of Pokhara, an urbanized tourist city in Nepal. The study has followed the qualitative research design generated through primary and secondary data. For this purpose, five informants have selected by purposive sampling and gathered their experiences, knowledge, and understanding of the relationship between changing consumer culture and increased solid-waste through in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that the leading cause of the environmental problem in this area is due to changing consumer culture along with rapidly growing urbanized cities and an increased attachment towards readymade items, which are in forceful demand with the stretching of the global market. It leads to an increase in ...
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Papers by Madhusudan Subedi
multifaceted, demanding a comprehensive and nuanced
approach to research methodologies. This paper highlights
the significance of mixed methods research in addressing the
intricate and dynamic nature of social phenomena. Mixed
methods not only enhance the validity and reliability of
research findings but also allow for a holistic understanding
of social phenomena and empower researchers to explore
the comprehensiveness and diversity of human experiences,
behaviors, and interactions that the traditional single-method
approach often falls short of. Furthermore, mixed methods
facilitates the triangulation of data, enabling researchers
to corroborate and validate results through diverse lenses,
thereby fortifying the robustness of their conclusions. Mixed
methods contribute to the development of more effective and
informed social and public policy interventions. Adopting
mixed methods in social science research is not merely a choice
but a necessity for unlocking the full potential of inquiry and
advancing our collective understanding of the complex social
world.
multifaceted, demanding a comprehensive and nuanced
approach to research methodologies. This paper highlights
the significance of mixed methods research in addressing the
intricate and dynamic nature of social phenomena. Mixed
methods not only enhance the validity and reliability of
research findings but also allow for a holistic understanding
of social phenomena and empower researchers to explore
the comprehensiveness and diversity of human experiences,
behaviors, and interactions that the traditional single-method
approach often falls short of. Furthermore, mixed methods
facilitates the triangulation of data, enabling researchers
to corroborate and validate results through diverse lenses,
thereby fortifying the robustness of their conclusions. Mixed
methods contribute to the development of more effective and
informed social and public policy interventions. Adopting
mixed methods in social science research is not merely a choice
but a necessity for unlocking the full potential of inquiry and
advancing our collective understanding of the complex social
world.
Nepal. Taking an interdisciplinary and intersectional approach, it explores
and promotes the rights of women, girls, and people who menstruate to a
dignified and healthy menstruation.
The volume
• collates current research in Nepal from local academics, early career
researchers, and the Dignity Without Danger research project;
• provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex stigmas and
taboos that surround menstruation;
• highlights the importance of rethinking ideas of religion, gender, menstruation, stigma and taboos, cultural practises, and discrimination;
• proposes a counter-narrative that places sociological studies at the heart of the discussion surrounding menstruation; and
• calls for more collaborative action research to strengthen the links between academia and activism across disciplines.
An authoritative contribution, the book will be of interest to scholars and
researchers of gender studies, public health, sociology, human rights, South Asian studies, medical sociology, cultural studies, and social medicine, particularly for those concerned with Nepal.
ethnicity, revealing how the intersectionality of these constructs has created unique social stratifications within different communities. It delves into the complexities of caste-based ethnic identities, shedding light on the way they intersect and influence social roles, political dynamics, and economic opportunities. In addition, the research highlights how these social constructs impact the lives of marginalized groups, particularly women, Dalits, and minority communities. It scrutinizes policies aimed at promoting social equality, inclusivity. The paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on social constructs in Nepal and serves as a foundation for future studies and policy initiatives dedicated
to creating a more equitable society.
- Madhusudan Subedi and Archana Maharjan
This chapter is about the transformation of Jat-based division of work and social relationship in Nepal. Due to the influence of market economy and modernization, especially in urban areas, many young people are less interested about their Jat status, and give more priority to economic status, focusing on social mobility based on their performance. However, change and continuity of Jat-based relations over the generations have not been given adequate attention in academia.
- Tom Robertson, Former Director of Fullbright Nepal. ...
This book deserves a wide readership from among those interested in inequality and social change in Nepal today.
- Kedar Bhakta Mathema, Former Vice-Chancellor of Tribhuvan University
....This volume demonstrates the great progress and visibility of Dalit studies in how Dalits are affected by the local and global social, economic and political currents on the ground and theoretically.
- Steve Folmar, Chair of the Department of Cultural/Applied Anthropology, Wake Forest University, USA
Combining scientific research with practical experiences, the book will serve as a unique resource, especially for health workers, policymakers, and teachers and students in medical schools, those in public health, social medicine, health care, governance and political studies, sociology and social anthropology, and Nepal and South Asian studies.
- Professor Gunnar Haaland, Department of Social Anthropology, University of Bergen, Norway.
- Be more self-critical,
- Recognize and stress the importance of discussing People’s Health – the health of disadvantaged
themselves to have some health problems or have some illness.” The behaviour guides people to find an
appropriate remedy for their health concerns. People are influenced by various factors when they seek
to make decisions concerning their health. This study aims to explore factors that act as facilitators and
barriers to institutional delivery. The study also aims to explore the barriers and facilitators to routine
child immunization and vaccination against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods: An online survey using a descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out among 515 undergraduate medical students currently enrolled in medical colleges in Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire in Google form was utilized to collect data. The link of the Google
form was sent to the potential respondents through email and social media. Descriptive statistics,
including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze data in SPSS
vs20. Ethical approval was sought from Nepal Health Research Council to conduct this study, and
digital informed consent was taken from study respondents.
Results: The overall score of perception of online teaching-learning was 17.61±7.19, which indicated
many problems in this method of teaching-learning. The mean score of perception of online
teaching-learning was found to be different across sex, location of enrolled medical colleges, having
a personal electronic device, having an internet connection at residence, having separate room/space
for attending online classes, and self-rated computer skills. Moreover, only 28 (5.4%) of respondents
had perceived online teaching-learning as a better method of delivering content of medical curricula.
Conclusions: Surveyed medical students in Nepal were found to perceive many problems in online
teaching-learning. Moreover, management and faculty members need to take the necessary measures
for enhancing the online teaching-learning quality.
opportunity to travel to the capital to represent their films provided validation for their contributions and motivation to continue filmmaking projects on other issues in their village. The women said they felt more confident than they were before participating in this project.
Organized By Nepal Sociological Association, Kathmandu
In collaboration with Central Department of Sociology MPhil Program in Sociology Tribhuvan University
Supported By University Grants Commission, Nepal Governance Facility, Kathmandu