Ming, Lin Chau; Amorozo, Maria Christina M.; Kffuri, Carolina W. (Orgs). Agrobiodiversidade no Brasil: Experiências e caminhos da pesquisa. Série Estudos & Avanços, 6. NUPEEA, Recife, (ISBN 978-85-63756-07-7), 2010
Os solos antrópicos são ambientes muito particulares na paisagem Amazônica, pois surgiram a parti... more Os solos antrópicos são ambientes muito particulares na paisagem Amazônica, pois surgiram a partir da intensa atividade humana nos tempos pré-Colombianos. Essa atividade, juntamente com a utilização e manejo desses ambientes pelas populações atuais, deu origem a uma agrobiodiversidade específica, que difere em vários aspectos da agrobiodiversidade associada a solos não-antrópicos. Essas diferenças têm sido demonstradas por uma série de evidências de diversas disciplinas, porém muitos processos relacionados a esse assunto são ainda muito pouco conhecidos. Nesse capítulo, são apresentados e discutidos em detalhe alguns estudos recentes realizados na região do médio Rio Madeira, Amazonas, que têm contribuído para o conhecimento da relação entre solos antrópicos e a agrobiodiversidade.
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factors that influence the distribution and maintenance of plant diversity in rural communities are poorly understood. Utilizing data from surveys and ethnographic interviews at 138 rural households in the municipality of Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, this dissertation examines the primary factors that influence the diversity of plant species (i.e. species richness) managed by smallholder farmers. Multiple regression analyses demonstrate that the independent variables "age of household head," "area of land under cultivation." and "environmental habitat" (floodplains or highlands) are statistically significant determinants of species richness, accounting for 31.5% of variation in species richness among households. Ethnographic data point toward several other socio-cultural influences that shape the contemporary patterning of plant diversity, including social networks of exchange, gender roles in agricultural management, cultivation of magic plants, and the individual life histories of farmers and the lands they manage. In short, this dissertation demonstrates how history, social relationships, and cultural beliefs have important bearing on the management of agrobiodiversity in rural Amazonian communities, and thus demand consideration in any initiatives aimed at agrobiodiversity conservation.
Columbian period will diverge from those in environments where human agency has not left such a heavy footprint. In order to test this hypothesis, we compare bitter manioc fields, homegardens and secondary forests on ADE with those on non-anthropogenic soils along the lower and middle Madeira River. We demonstrate that crop species and landrace populations diverge on anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soils as a result of the interaction between human selection and management, soil physical and chemical properties, and plant responses over time.
Hence, crop species selection and abundance and therefore agrobiodiversity is contingent on anthropogenic soils in Central Amazonia.