Compact hybrid five-mode multiplexer based on asymmetric directional couplers with constant bus waveguide width

Simei Mao, Lirong Cheng, Caiyue Zhao, Yinghui Wang, Qian Li, and H. Y. Fu

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Simei Mao, Lirong Cheng, Caiyue Zhao, Yinghui Wang, Qian Li, and H. Y. Fu, "Compact hybrid five-mode multiplexer based on asymmetric directional couplers with constant bus waveguide width," Opt. Lett. 48, 2607-2610 (2023)

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- Integrated Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 20, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: March 28, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: April 7, 2023
- Published: May 8, 2023

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a hybrid mode division multiplexer (MDM) based on asymmetric directional couplers (ADCs) without transition tapers in between. The proposed MDM can couple five fundamental modes from access waveguides into the bus waveguide as the hybrid modes (TE₀, TE₁, TE₂, TM₀, and TM₁). To eliminate the transition tapers between cascaded ADCs as well as to enable arbitrary add-drop to the bus waveguide, we maintain the bus waveguide width to be the same, while a partially etched subwavelength grating is introduced to reduce the effective refractive index of the bus waveguide. The experimental results demonstrate a working bandwidth of up to 140 nm.

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Lirong Cheng	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-4681
Qian Li	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-7041
H. Y. Fu	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-0011

Parameter	Value/µm	Parameter	Value/µm
L₁	14	L₄	3
W₁	0.8	W₄	0.4
G₁	0.1	G₄	0.2
L₂	5	$Λ$	0.23
W₂	0.35	A	0.1
G₂	0.1	S₁	0.38
L₃	2.7	S₂	0.6
W₃	0.3	w_s	0.1
G₃	0.12	w_b	1

Ref.	Structure	Modes	Insertion Loss (dB)	Cross Talk (dB)	Bandwidth (nm)	Feature Size (nm)	Coupling Lengths (µm)	Tapers Lengths (µm)
[6]	SWG-based DC	TE₀-TE₃	0.2–0.9	16–19.1	80	50	19.8	45.1^a
[16]	Inverse design	TE₀-TE₁, TM₀-TM₁	1.4	15	40	30	6.8	0
[8]	Cascaded DCs	TE₀-TE₁₀	0.1–5.2	10–26.4	50	100	102.3	115.6
[24]	Cascaded DCs	TE₀-TE₅, TM₀-TM₃	0.2–1.8	15–25	90	120	203	268
[9]	DCs with STA	TE₀-TE₃	<1.3	>23	100	160	450	51.8^a
[25]	Y-junction	TE₀-TE₂	3.3–5.7	9.7–31.5	29	NA	320	0
[7]	Cascaded DCs	TE₀-TE₃, TM₀-TM₃	2	10	30	200	99.8	70.5^a
[11]	Cascaded DCs	TM₀-TM₃	0.5	23	20	300	21.2	69.8^a
Ours	SWG DCs	TE₀-TE₂, TM₀-TM₁	0–3.8, 0.4–2.9	20, 28	140, 70	100	25	0

Parameter	Value/µm	Parameter	Value/µm
L₁	14	L₄	3
W₁	0.8	W₄	0.4
G₁	0.1	G₄	0.2
L₂	5	$Λ$	0.23
W₂	0.35	A	0.1
G₂	0.1	S₁	0.38
L₃	2.7	S₂	0.6
W₃	0.3	w_s	0.1
G₃	0.12	w_b	1

Ref.	Structure	Modes	Insertion Loss (dB)	Cross Talk (dB)	Bandwidth (nm)	Feature Size (nm)	Coupling Lengths (µm)	Tapers Lengths (µm)
[6]	SWG-based DC	TE₀-TE₃	0.2–0.9	16–19.1	80	50	19.8	45.1^a
[16]	Inverse design	TE₀-TE₁, TM₀-TM₁	1.4	15	40	30	6.8	0
[8]	Cascaded DCs	TE₀-TE₁₀	0.1–5.2	10–26.4	50	100	102.3	115.6
[24]	Cascaded DCs	TE₀-TE₅, TM₀-TM₃	0.2–1.8	15–25	90	120	203	268
[9]	DCs with STA	TE₀-TE₃	<1.3	>23	100	160	450	51.8^a
[25]	Y-junction	TE₀-TE₂	3.3–5.7	9.7–31.5	29	NA	320	0
[7]	Cascaded DCs	TE₀-TE₃, TM₀-TM₃	2	10	30	200	99.8	70.5^a
[11]	Cascaded DCs	TM₀-TM₃	0.5	23	20	300	21.2	69.8^a
Ours	SWG DCs	TE₀-TE₂, TM₀-TM₁	0–3.8, 0.4–2.9	20, 28	140, 70	100	25	0

Compact hybrid five-mode multiplexer based on asymmetric directional couplers with constant bus waveguide width

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