Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fiel... more Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fields. There is a great space to develop graphene synthesis techniques by an efficient and environmentally friendly approach. In this paper, we report a facile method to synthesize well-dispersed multilayer graphene (MLG) without using any chemical reagents or organic solvents. This was achieved by the ozone-assisted sonication of the natural graphite in a water medium. The frequency or number of ozone treatments plays an important role for the dispersion in the process. The possible mechanism of graphene exfoliation and the introduction of functional groups have been postulated. The experimental setup is unique for ozone treatment and enables the elimination of ozone off-gas. The heat generated by the dissipation of ultrasonic waves was used as it is, and no additional heat was supplied. The graphene dispersion was stable, and no evidence of aggregation was observed—even after several months. The characterization results show that well-dispersed MLG was successfully synthesized without any significant damage to the overall structure. The graphene obtained by this method has potential applications in composite materials, conductive coatings, energy storage, and electronic devices.
Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fiel... more Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fields. There is a great space to develop graphene synthesis techniques by an efficient and environmentally friendly approach. In this paper, we report a facile method to synthesize well-dispersed multilayer graphene (MLG) without using any chemical reagents or organic solvents. This was achieved by the ozone-assisted sonication of the natural graphite in a water medium. The frequency or number of ozone treatments plays an important role for the dispersion in the process. The possible mechanism of graphene exfoliation and the introduction of functional groups have been postulated. The experimental setup is unique for ozone treatment and enables the elimination of ozone off-gas. The heat generated by the dissipation of ultrasonic waves was used as it is, and no additional heat was supplied. The graphene dispersion was stable, and no evidence of aggregation was observed---even after several months. The characterization results show that well-dispersed MLG was successfully synthesized without any significant damage to the overall structure. The graphene obtained by this method has potential applications in composite materials, conductive coatings, energy storage, and electronic devices.
This paper describes the effect of ozone treatment on water dispersibility of micrometer order l... more This paper describes the effect of ozone treatment on water dispersibility of micrometer order long multi-walled carbon nanotubes by using simple ozone generation set up. Inverter type neon transformer was used to supply required energy. The dispersed nanotubes suspension was stable for a few months after treatment. Laser Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Miscroscope were used to characterize the resulted nanotubes. Analyzed data revealed that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by oxygen and hydrogen containing groups.
Herein, we report on the green synthesis of carbon dots from bio-degradable waste such as
vegetab... more Herein, we report on the green synthesis of carbon dots from bio-degradable waste such as vegetable peels. The carbon dots obtained were highly-fluorescent and exhibited unique optical properties. The synthesis technique used is cost-effective. The structure, composition and optical properties were studied using different techniques. The carbon dots obtained showed distinctive results in comparison to previous reports. The bio-compatibility of carbon dots was confirmed by FTIR studies which showed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Carbon dots synthesized by this method were stable without any precipitation for 4–5 weeks.
Conductive inks have been widely investigated in recent years due to their popularity in printed ... more Conductive inks have been widely investigated in recent years due to their popularity in printed electronics (PE) and flexible electronics (FE). They comprise specific and unique applications that belong to a whole new level of future technology. In this context, silver is a keenly researched material for its promising application in conductive inks. In printing technology, silver conductive inks have a major role in electronic applications. The emerging integration of different technologies is in the form of silver nanoinks. In recent years, the printed electronics market has been dominated by expensive materials such as gold, platinum, etc., which result in costly and complex instruments.
To overcome these drawbacks, silver conductive inks can serve as alternative to the current technology. Presently, printed circuit boards (PCBs) use complex and expensive techniques to
fabricate the circuit boards, which in turn increases the overall cost. Solvent-based silver conductive inks are capable of substituting PCB technology while reducing the cost of manufacturing. Due to their stellar reputation, investors are looking forward to applying this technology in printed electronics industries.
Conductive inks are a recent progress in electronics and have a promising future applications in ... more Conductive inks are a recent progress in electronics and have a promising future applications in flexible electronics and smart applications. In this review we tried to focus on a particular conductive ink, based on copper nanoparticles. Although wide research is being done all over the world, few complications are yet to be solved with perfection. We tried to focus on some of the complications involved in the synthesis and their various applications in the different fields of science. Conductive inks have promising applications in the present trend of science and technology. The main intention behind this review is to list out some of the best methods to synthesize copper nanoparticles according the category of synthesizing them. We chose copper nanoparticles synthesis and preparation of conductive inks because copper is a very abundant material possessing high conductivity (after silver), it has huge potential to replace expensive conductive inks made of silver, graphene, CNTs etc. The reason behind insisting on copper is also due to its properties such as ductility, malleability, thermal dissipation agent, possess anti microbial nature etc. In this review, we have listed out some of the best methods of synthesizing copper conductive ink and their usage in various printing techniques. Different methods of sintering for obtained conductive patterns are also included.
Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively researched in the past few years owing
to their intere... more Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively researched in the past few years owing to their interesting properties. The massive research efforts resulted in the emergence of carbon dots, which belong to the carbon nanomaterials family. Carbon dots (C-dots) have garnered the attention of researchers mainly due to their convenient availability from organic as well as inorganic materials and also due to the novel properties they exhibit. C-Dots have been said to overcome the era of quantum dots, referring to their levels of toxicity and biocompatibility. In this review, we focus on the discovery of C-dots, their structure and composition, surface passivation to enhance their optical properties, the various synthetic methods used, their applications in different areas, and future perspectives. Emphasis has been given to greener approaches for the synthesis of C-dots in order to make them cost effective as well as to improve their biocompatibility.
Synthesis of Carbon dots (C-dots) from biodegradable
waste is a much researched subject now-a-day... more Synthesis of Carbon dots (C-dots) from biodegradable waste is a much researched subject now-a-days. The demand for green chemistry and cost-effectiveness lead us to synthesize C-dots from kitchen waste. Nanometer sized carbon particles with unique optical properties were observed during the study. A simplistic approach was used for the synthesis which converted the waste materials into valueadded products. Several different analyses were carried out on the obtained product which showed pristine results in comparison with the previous results.
and now in this era of technology, carbon has played a significant and very prominent role
in alm... more and now in this era of technology, carbon has played a significant and very prominent role in almost all fields of science and technology. So as an honour to this marvellous element, we humans should know about its various forms of existence. In this review article, we shed light on all possible carbon-allotropes; similarities in their synthesis techniques and the starting materials; their wide range of possible availability; and finally, future perspectives and applications. A brief introduction is given on the types, structures, and shapes of the allotropes of carbon for a better understanding.
Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fiel... more Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fields. There is a great space to develop graphene synthesis techniques by an efficient and environmentally friendly approach. In this paper, we report a facile method to synthesize well-dispersed multilayer graphene (MLG) without using any chemical reagents or organic solvents. This was achieved by the ozone-assisted sonication of the natural graphite in a water medium. The frequency or number of ozone treatments plays an important role for the dispersion in the process. The possible mechanism of graphene exfoliation and the introduction of functional groups have been postulated. The experimental setup is unique for ozone treatment and enables the elimination of ozone off-gas. The heat generated by the dissipation of ultrasonic waves was used as it is, and no additional heat was supplied. The graphene dispersion was stable, and no evidence of aggregation was observed—even after several months. The characterization results show that well-dispersed MLG was successfully synthesized without any significant damage to the overall structure. The graphene obtained by this method has potential applications in composite materials, conductive coatings, energy storage, and electronic devices.
Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fiel... more Owing to its unique properties, graphene has attracted tremendous attention in many research fields. There is a great space to develop graphene synthesis techniques by an efficient and environmentally friendly approach. In this paper, we report a facile method to synthesize well-dispersed multilayer graphene (MLG) without using any chemical reagents or organic solvents. This was achieved by the ozone-assisted sonication of the natural graphite in a water medium. The frequency or number of ozone treatments plays an important role for the dispersion in the process. The possible mechanism of graphene exfoliation and the introduction of functional groups have been postulated. The experimental setup is unique for ozone treatment and enables the elimination of ozone off-gas. The heat generated by the dissipation of ultrasonic waves was used as it is, and no additional heat was supplied. The graphene dispersion was stable, and no evidence of aggregation was observed---even after several months. The characterization results show that well-dispersed MLG was successfully synthesized without any significant damage to the overall structure. The graphene obtained by this method has potential applications in composite materials, conductive coatings, energy storage, and electronic devices.
This paper describes the effect of ozone treatment on water dispersibility of micrometer order l... more This paper describes the effect of ozone treatment on water dispersibility of micrometer order long multi-walled carbon nanotubes by using simple ozone generation set up. Inverter type neon transformer was used to supply required energy. The dispersed nanotubes suspension was stable for a few months after treatment. Laser Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Miscroscope were used to characterize the resulted nanotubes. Analyzed data revealed that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by oxygen and hydrogen containing groups.
Herein, we report on the green synthesis of carbon dots from bio-degradable waste such as
vegetab... more Herein, we report on the green synthesis of carbon dots from bio-degradable waste such as vegetable peels. The carbon dots obtained were highly-fluorescent and exhibited unique optical properties. The synthesis technique used is cost-effective. The structure, composition and optical properties were studied using different techniques. The carbon dots obtained showed distinctive results in comparison to previous reports. The bio-compatibility of carbon dots was confirmed by FTIR studies which showed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Carbon dots synthesized by this method were stable without any precipitation for 4–5 weeks.
Conductive inks have been widely investigated in recent years due to their popularity in printed ... more Conductive inks have been widely investigated in recent years due to their popularity in printed electronics (PE) and flexible electronics (FE). They comprise specific and unique applications that belong to a whole new level of future technology. In this context, silver is a keenly researched material for its promising application in conductive inks. In printing technology, silver conductive inks have a major role in electronic applications. The emerging integration of different technologies is in the form of silver nanoinks. In recent years, the printed electronics market has been dominated by expensive materials such as gold, platinum, etc., which result in costly and complex instruments.
To overcome these drawbacks, silver conductive inks can serve as alternative to the current technology. Presently, printed circuit boards (PCBs) use complex and expensive techniques to
fabricate the circuit boards, which in turn increases the overall cost. Solvent-based silver conductive inks are capable of substituting PCB technology while reducing the cost of manufacturing. Due to their stellar reputation, investors are looking forward to applying this technology in printed electronics industries.
Conductive inks are a recent progress in electronics and have a promising future applications in ... more Conductive inks are a recent progress in electronics and have a promising future applications in flexible electronics and smart applications. In this review we tried to focus on a particular conductive ink, based on copper nanoparticles. Although wide research is being done all over the world, few complications are yet to be solved with perfection. We tried to focus on some of the complications involved in the synthesis and their various applications in the different fields of science. Conductive inks have promising applications in the present trend of science and technology. The main intention behind this review is to list out some of the best methods to synthesize copper nanoparticles according the category of synthesizing them. We chose copper nanoparticles synthesis and preparation of conductive inks because copper is a very abundant material possessing high conductivity (after silver), it has huge potential to replace expensive conductive inks made of silver, graphene, CNTs etc. The reason behind insisting on copper is also due to its properties such as ductility, malleability, thermal dissipation agent, possess anti microbial nature etc. In this review, we have listed out some of the best methods of synthesizing copper conductive ink and their usage in various printing techniques. Different methods of sintering for obtained conductive patterns are also included.
Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively researched in the past few years owing
to their intere... more Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively researched in the past few years owing to their interesting properties. The massive research efforts resulted in the emergence of carbon dots, which belong to the carbon nanomaterials family. Carbon dots (C-dots) have garnered the attention of researchers mainly due to their convenient availability from organic as well as inorganic materials and also due to the novel properties they exhibit. C-Dots have been said to overcome the era of quantum dots, referring to their levels of toxicity and biocompatibility. In this review, we focus on the discovery of C-dots, their structure and composition, surface passivation to enhance their optical properties, the various synthetic methods used, their applications in different areas, and future perspectives. Emphasis has been given to greener approaches for the synthesis of C-dots in order to make them cost effective as well as to improve their biocompatibility.
Synthesis of Carbon dots (C-dots) from biodegradable
waste is a much researched subject now-a-day... more Synthesis of Carbon dots (C-dots) from biodegradable waste is a much researched subject now-a-days. The demand for green chemistry and cost-effectiveness lead us to synthesize C-dots from kitchen waste. Nanometer sized carbon particles with unique optical properties were observed during the study. A simplistic approach was used for the synthesis which converted the waste materials into valueadded products. Several different analyses were carried out on the obtained product which showed pristine results in comparison with the previous results.
and now in this era of technology, carbon has played a significant and very prominent role
in alm... more and now in this era of technology, carbon has played a significant and very prominent role in almost all fields of science and technology. So as an honour to this marvellous element, we humans should know about its various forms of existence. In this review article, we shed light on all possible carbon-allotropes; similarities in their synthesis techniques and the starting materials; their wide range of possible availability; and finally, future perspectives and applications. A brief introduction is given on the types, structures, and shapes of the allotropes of carbon for a better understanding.
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Papers by Karthik Ps
vegetable peels. The carbon dots obtained were highly-fluorescent and exhibited unique optical
properties. The synthesis technique used is cost-effective. The structure, composition and optical
properties were studied using different techniques. The carbon dots obtained showed distinctive
results in comparison to previous reports. The bio-compatibility of carbon dots was confirmed by
FTIR studies which showed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Carbon dots synthesized
by this method were stable without any precipitation for 4–5 weeks.
To overcome these drawbacks, silver conductive inks can serve as alternative to the current technology. Presently, printed circuit boards (PCBs) use complex and expensive techniques to
fabricate the circuit boards, which in turn increases the overall cost. Solvent-based silver conductive inks are capable of substituting PCB technology while reducing the cost of manufacturing. Due to their stellar reputation, investors are looking forward to applying this technology in printed electronics industries.
to their interesting properties. The massive research efforts resulted in the emergence of carbon
dots, which belong to the carbon nanomaterials family. Carbon dots (C-dots) have garnered the
attention of researchers mainly due to their convenient availability from organic as well as inorganic
materials and also due to the novel properties they exhibit. C-Dots have been said to overcome the
era of quantum dots, referring to their levels of toxicity and biocompatibility. In this review, we
focus on the discovery of C-dots, their structure and composition, surface passivation to enhance
their optical properties, the various synthetic methods used, their applications in different areas,
and future perspectives. Emphasis has been given to greener approaches for the synthesis of C-dots
in order to make them cost effective as well as to improve their biocompatibility.
waste is a much researched subject now-a-days.
The demand for green chemistry and cost-effectiveness lead
us to synthesize C-dots from kitchen waste. Nanometer sized
carbon particles with unique optical properties were observed
during the study. A simplistic approach was used for the
synthesis which converted the waste materials into valueadded
products. Several different analyses were carried out
on the obtained product which showed pristine results in
comparison with the previous results.
in almost all fields of science and technology. So as an honour to this marvellous element,
we humans should know about its various forms of existence. In this review article, we
shed light on all possible carbon-allotropes; similarities in their synthesis techniques and the
starting materials; their wide range of possible availability; and finally, future perspectives
and applications. A brief introduction is given on the types, structures, and shapes of the allotropes
of carbon for a better understanding.
vegetable peels. The carbon dots obtained were highly-fluorescent and exhibited unique optical
properties. The synthesis technique used is cost-effective. The structure, composition and optical
properties were studied using different techniques. The carbon dots obtained showed distinctive
results in comparison to previous reports. The bio-compatibility of carbon dots was confirmed by
FTIR studies which showed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Carbon dots synthesized
by this method were stable without any precipitation for 4–5 weeks.
To overcome these drawbacks, silver conductive inks can serve as alternative to the current technology. Presently, printed circuit boards (PCBs) use complex and expensive techniques to
fabricate the circuit boards, which in turn increases the overall cost. Solvent-based silver conductive inks are capable of substituting PCB technology while reducing the cost of manufacturing. Due to their stellar reputation, investors are looking forward to applying this technology in printed electronics industries.
to their interesting properties. The massive research efforts resulted in the emergence of carbon
dots, which belong to the carbon nanomaterials family. Carbon dots (C-dots) have garnered the
attention of researchers mainly due to their convenient availability from organic as well as inorganic
materials and also due to the novel properties they exhibit. C-Dots have been said to overcome the
era of quantum dots, referring to their levels of toxicity and biocompatibility. In this review, we
focus on the discovery of C-dots, their structure and composition, surface passivation to enhance
their optical properties, the various synthetic methods used, their applications in different areas,
and future perspectives. Emphasis has been given to greener approaches for the synthesis of C-dots
in order to make them cost effective as well as to improve their biocompatibility.
waste is a much researched subject now-a-days.
The demand for green chemistry and cost-effectiveness lead
us to synthesize C-dots from kitchen waste. Nanometer sized
carbon particles with unique optical properties were observed
during the study. A simplistic approach was used for the
synthesis which converted the waste materials into valueadded
products. Several different analyses were carried out
on the obtained product which showed pristine results in
comparison with the previous results.
in almost all fields of science and technology. So as an honour to this marvellous element,
we humans should know about its various forms of existence. In this review article, we
shed light on all possible carbon-allotropes; similarities in their synthesis techniques and the
starting materials; their wide range of possible availability; and finally, future perspectives
and applications. A brief introduction is given on the types, structures, and shapes of the allotropes
of carbon for a better understanding.