A322578 -id:A322578

A003678

Decimal expansion of the SI unit c (speed of light in vacuum), c = 299792458 meters/second.
(Formerly M1912)

+0
77

2, 9, 9, 7, 9, 2, 4, 5, 8

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

9,1

COMMENTS

Since 1983, the speed of light has been defined to be exactly 299792458 m/s. - Ron Marcinski (ronmarcinski(AT)hotmail.com), Apr 18 2002

From Stanislav Sykora, Jun 16 2012: (Start)

General context: Within current metrological systems (SI + IAU definitions), several physics constants have been "assigned" immutable values. They thus became metrological reference points, no longer subject to experimental assessment. These should not be confused with "conventional" values of some empirical quantities (such as Josephson's constant) used in applied metrology, but not assigned, and therefore subject to possible future revisions.

Assigned metrological constants [before the inception of the 2019 SI, which introduced some changes, see below for references] and some of their combinations that appear in the OEIS include the speed of light (this sequence); magnetic permeability of vacuum (A019694); electric permittivity of vacuum (A081799); characteristic impedance of vacuum (A213610); standard gravity acceleration (A072915), standard atmosphere (A213611), Julian year (A213612), Gregorian year (A213613) and the light-year (A213614), all in basic SI units.

(End)

Prime factors of this number are 2^1, 7^1, 73^1, 293339^1. - John W. Nicholson, Jun 15 2014

c is also the speed of gravity. - Omar E. Pol, Jun 23 2017

In the 2019 SI system of units (see the second BIPM link, and A322415) one of the seven defining constants is c = 299792458 m/s. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019 [corrected by Ivan Panchenko, May 20 2019]

REFERENCES

CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physics, 75th edition, (1994-1995), Page 1-1.

H. J. Fischbeck and K. Fischbeck, Formulas. Facts and Constants, Springer-Verlag, NY, 2nd ed., 1987.

R. F. Fox and T. P. Hill, An exact value for Avogadro's number, American Scientist, 95 (No. 2, 2007), 104-107.

K. R. Lang, Astrophysical Data: Planets and Stars, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1991.

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=9..17.

BIPM, Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, the historic home of SI units (works jointly with NIST).

BIPM, On the revision of the International System of Units (SI), BIPM, Nov 13-16 2018.

G. Bonnet, La vitesse de la lumiere (Text in French) [broken link].

IAU, International Astronomical Union has accepted SI and added a few definitions of its own.

P. J. Mohr, B. N. Taylor and D. B. Newell, CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006, Rev.Mod.Phys. 80, 2008, 633-730. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633. (This is the hard-core source of what became CODATA 2010.)

NIST, speed of light in vacuum.

S. Sykora, Constants of Physics and Mathematics, extensive constant-at-a-glance tables.

Eric Weisstein, World of Physics, Speed of Light.

Wikipedia, Speed of gravity.

Wikipedia, Speed of light.

Wikipedia, 2019 redefinition of SI base units

FORMULA

c = 299792458 m/s (equals 299792.458 km/s).

MATHEMATICA

IntegerDigits[299792458] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jun 23 2017 *)

CROSSREFS

Cf. A224236, A224237, A224238, A070058, A070059, A070060, A070062, A070063, A070064, A322415.

More assigned constants: A003676 (h), A230458 (Δν_{Cs}), A081823 (e), A322578 (N_A), A070063 (k), A021687 (1/K_{cd}); A182999 (c^2), A183000 (c^3), A183001 (c^4), A019694, A081799, A213610, A072915, A213611, A213612, A213613, A213614.

KEYWORD

cons,nonn,fini,full

AUTHOR

N. J. A. Sloane

STATUS

approved

A070062

Decimal expansion of old estimate for Avogadro's constant (in mol^(-1)).

+0
3

6, 0, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1, 9, 9

(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

24,1

COMMENTS

For the exact Avogadro constant N_A = 6.02214076*10^23 mol^(-1) according to the 2019 SI system of units see A322578. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019

REFERENCES

CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physics, 75th edition, (1994-1995), Page 1-1.

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=24..32.

NIST, Avogadro constant.

FORMULA

6.02214199*10^23 per mol.

CROSSREFS

This is the old value - see A087778 and A322578. Cf. A070058-A070060, A070063-A070064.

KEYWORD

dead

AUTHOR

Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019

EXTENSIONS

Offset corrected by Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019

STATUS

approved

A070063

Decimal expansion of the Boltzmann constant k in the 2019 SI system in units J/K.

+0
24

1, 3, 8, 0, 6, 4, 9

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

-22,2

COMMENTS

The exact Boltzmann constant is one of the seven units in the 2019 system of units. See the BIMP link with the CGPM resolutuions from November 2018 which will become effective May 20 2019. See also A322415. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019

REFERENCES

CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physics, 75th edition, (1994-1995), Page 1-1.

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=-22..-16.

BIPM, CGPM-2018 [See the link ``Resolutions of the CGPM" there.]

NIST, CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant

Eric Weisstein, World of Physics, Boltzmann's Constant

Wikipedia, Boltzmann constant

Wikipedia, 2019 redefinition of SI base units

FORMULA

k = 1.380649×10^{-23} J/K. Joule J = kg m^2 s^(-2).

CROSSREFS

Cf. A003678 (c), A230458 (Δν_{Cs}), A003676 (h), A081823 (e), A322578 (N_A), A322415.

Cf. A070058-A070060, A070064.

KEYWORD

nonn,cons,fini,full

AUTHOR

Ron Marcinski (ronmarcinski(AT)hotmail.com), Apr 18 2002

EXTENSIONS

Updated to conform with CODATA 2010 value by Ivan Panchenko, Jan 27 2015

Further updates from Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, May 26 2019

STATUS

approved

A070064

Decimal expansion of the molar gas constant R according to the 2019 SI system in units J mol^-1 K^-1.

+0
16

8, 3, 1, 4, 4, 6, 2, 6, 1, 8, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

1,1

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=1..15.

NIST, Molar Gas Constant

Wikipedia, Gas constant

FORMULA

Equals A070063 * A322578 = 8.31446261815324 J mol^-1 K^-1. - Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019

CROSSREFS

Cf. A070058, A070059, A070060.

Cf. A081822 (constant according to IUPAC).

KEYWORD

cons,fini,full,nonn

AUTHOR

Ron Marcinski (ronmarcinski(AT)hotmail.com), Apr 18 2002

EXTENSIONS

Entry fixed by Natan Arie Consigli, Mar 15 2016

Updated to the 2018 CODATA value by Peter Luschny, Jun 18 2019

Updated to the May 20 2019 redefinition of the SI base units by Sean A. Irvine, Jun 20 2019

Name edited by Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019

STATUS

approved

A081823

Decimal expansion of the elementary charge e in coulombs (C).

+0
36

1, 6, 0, 2, 1, 7, 6, 6, 3, 4

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

-18,2

COMMENTS

e is exactly 1.602176634*10^(-19) Coulomb according to the SI definition (effective on May 20, 2019). - Ralf Steiner, Dec 29 2018

See the second BIPM link with the CGPM resolutions and A322415. The elementary charge e is one of the seven units of the 2019 SI system. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=-18..-9.

BIPM, On the revision of the International System of Units (SI), BIPM, Nov 13-16 2018.

NIST Physics Laboratory, electron volt-joule relationship

NIST Physics Laboratory, elementary charge

Wikipedia, Electronvolt

Wikipedia, Elementary charge

Wikipedia, Redefinition of SI base units

FORMULA

e = 1.602176634*10^(-19) Coulomb, [C = A s].

EXAMPLE

electron volt, eV = 1.602176634*10^(-19) J.

CROSSREFS

Cf. A003676 (h), A003673 (alpha), A003678 (c), A230458 (Δν_{Cs}), A081799 (epsilon_0), A070063 (k), A322578 (N_A), A322415, A342486 (eV/c^2).

KEYWORD

cons,nonn,full,fini

AUTHOR

Benoit Cloitre, Apr 10 2003

EXTENSIONS

Updated to conform with CODATA 2010 recommended value by Raphie Frank, Dec 29 2012

Updated by Ralf Steiner, Dec 29 2018

STATUS

approved

A081825

Decimal expansion of atomic mass constant, in kg.

+0
2

1, 6, 6, 0, 5, 3, 9, 0, 6

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

-26,2

COMMENTS

From Jianing Song, Nov 26 2023: (Start)

The atomic mass constant (with symbol Da or u) is defined as 1/12 of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest.

We have 1.66053906610*10^(-27) kg <= 1 u <= 1.66053906710*10^(-27) kg. Multiplying this by the Avogadro constant (A322578) we get 0.0009999999993533... kg/mol <= (1 u)*N_A <= 0.0009999999999555... kg/mol. In other words, 1 u is strictly less than (but very close to) (0.001 kg/mol)/N_A after the redefinition of SI units in 2019. (End)

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=-26..-18.

NIST, CODATA Value: atomic mass constant

Wikipedia, Atomic mass constant

CROSSREFS

Cf. A081813 (atomic mass constant in MeV/c^2).

KEYWORD

cons,nonn

AUTHOR

Benoit Cloitre, Apr 10 2003

EXTENSIONS

Updated by Ivan Panchenko, Sep 11 2014

Updated from CODATA by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Jan 21 2021

STATUS

approved

A087778

Decimal expansion of experimental Avogadro's constant (in mol^(-1)).

+0
3

6, 0, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1

(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

24,1

COMMENTS

Defined to be number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12.

This originally was the value as of October 2003.

For the exact Avogadro constant N_A = 6.02214076*10^23 mol^(-1) according to the 2019 SI system of units see A322578. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019

By definition, the "experimental Avogadro's constant" still makes sense in the 2019 SI as the gram to atomic mass unit ratio, but its current value provided by CODATA is (within the experimental error) identical to the exact Avogadro constant and different from an older value provided in this entry. So the value provided here is obsolete anyway. - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Sep 12 2023

REFERENCES

CRC Handbook for Chemistry and Physics, 75th edition, (1994-1995), Page 1-1.

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=24..30.

P. Becker et al., Determination of the Avogadro constant via the silicon route, Metrologia, 40 (Oct 2003), 271-287.

NIST, CODATA Value: Avogadro constant.

NIST, CODATA Value: kilogram-atomic mass unit relationship.

Sizes, Avogadro's constant

Eric Weisstein, World of Physics, Avogadro's Number

Wikipedia, Avogadro's number

FORMULA

6.02214179*10^23 +- 3.0*10^16 per mol.

CROSSREFS

Cf. A070058-A070060, A070063-A070064, A322578 (exact N_A).

KEYWORD

dead

AUTHOR

N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 05 2003

EXTENSIONS

Adapted offset and value to current NIST values by R. J. Mathar, Jul 23 2009

Name edited by Jianing Song, Jun 16 2019

STATUS

approved

A129106

Decimal expansion of proposed value for Avogadro's number, namely 602214141070409084099072 = 84446888^3.

+0
3

6, 0, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 0, 7, 0, 4, 0, 9, 0, 8, 4, 0, 9, 9, 0, 7, 2

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

24,1

COMMENTS

For the exact value for the Avogadro constant is N_A = 6.02214076*10^{23} mol^{-1} according to the 2019 SI system of units see A322578. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2019

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=24..47.

R. F. Fox and T. P. Hill, An exact value for Avogadro's number, American Scientist, 95 (No. 2, 2007), 104-107.

CROSSREFS

Cf. A087778 (experimental), A322578 (exact).

KEYWORD

nonn,cons,fini,full

AUTHOR

N. J. A. Sloane, May 26 2007

STATUS

approved

A163999

Decimal expansion of the Faraday constant according to the 2019 SI system.

+0
1

9, 6, 4, 8, 5, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1, 8, 4

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

5,1

COMMENTS

In C mol^-1. Some use C (mol e^-1)^-1 = C Eq^-1.

The Faraday constant is the magnitude of electric charge per mole of electrons.

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=5..22.

NIST, Faraday constant

Wikipedia, Faraday constant

FORMULA

Equals A322578 * A081823. [R. J. Mathar, Mar 23 2010, updated by Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019]

EXAMPLE

Equals 96485.3321233100184 C mol^(-1) (exact). -`Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019

CROSSREFS

Cf. A081823, A322578.

KEYWORD

cons,nonn,fini,full

AUTHOR

Omar E. Pol, Aug 09 2009

EXTENSIONS

Removed keywords fini and full - R. J. Mathar, Mar 23 2010

Updated by Natan Arie Consigli, Nov 09 2016

Updated to the May 20 2019 redefinition of the SI base units by Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019

STATUS

approved

A228163

Loschmidt constant n_0 in the 2019 SI system in unit m^(-3).

+0
1

2, 6, 8, 6, 7, 8, 0, 1, 1, 1, 7, 9, 8, 4, 4, 3, 8, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 1, 5, 3, 1, 5, 7, 4, 4, 7, 3, 6, 8, 1, 1, 8, 4, 8, 2, 4, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 5, 2, 3, 2, 5, 5, 3, 8, 3, 8, 9, 1, 9, 9, 6, 8, 7, 4, 3, 1, 8, 9, 4, 4, 2, 4, 8, 0, 3, 9, 4, 9, 2, 4, 4, 9, 0, 7, 5, 7, 5

(list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)

OFFSET

26,1

COMMENTS

The Loschmidt constant is exactly 1 amagat.

2006 CODATA value is 2.6867774(47) * 10^25 m^-3.

2010 CODATA value is 2.6867805(24) * 10^25 m^-3.

Measured at 0 degrees C and 1 atm (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa).

From Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019:

Equals (p_0)/(k*T_0), where p_0 = A213611 = 101325 Pa is the standard pressure, k = A070063 = 1.380649*10^(-23) J/K is the Boltzmann constant and T_0 = 273.15 K is the standard temperature. In the May 20 2019 redefinition of the SI base units k is fixed to an exact value, so n_0 is also fixed to an exact value.

Equals (p_0*N_A)/(R*T_0), where N_A = A322578 is the Avogadro constant, R = A070064 is the molar gas constant.

As this constant can also be represented as 6755/2514161829 * 10^32 (see below), this sequence is purely periodic with period 1910112. (End)

REFERENCES

Christian Iliadis, Nuclear Physics of Stars, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2007, p. 225.

LINKS

Table of n, a(n) for n=26..112.

Wikipedia, Amagat

Wikipedia, Loschmidt constant

FORMULA

Equals 101325/((1.380649*10^(-23))*273.15) (exact). - Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019

EXAMPLE

n_0 = 2.686780111... * 10^25 m^-3.

CROSSREFS

Cf. A070063, A070064, A213611, A322578.

KEYWORD

cons,easy,nonn

AUTHOR

Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Aug 14 2013

EXTENSIONS

Updated to the May 20 2019 redefinition of the SI base units by Jianing Song, Jul 06 2019

STATUS

approved