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No, by the uniqueness part of Fermat's two-squares theorem, at most one duplicate of a^2 + b^4 can exist. Namely, when a is a square, say a = B^2, then a^2 + b^4 = A^2 + B^4 where A = b^2. (This also proves Marcus's comment, since a^2 + b^4 = b^4 + B^4.) - Jonathan Sondow, Oct 03 2015
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John Friedlander and Henryk Iwaniec, <a href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/94/4/1054">Using a parity-sensitive sieve to count prime values of a polynomial</a>, PNAS, vol. 94 no. 4, pp. 1054-1058.
Marek Wolf, <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.4015">Continued fractions constructed from prime numbers</a>, arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1003.4015, [math.NT], 2010, p. 8.
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