OFFSET
0,6
COMMENTS
T(n,k) is the number of Sylvester classes of k-packed words of degree n.
LINKS
Seiichi Manyama, Antidiagonals n = 0..139, flattened
J.-C. Novelli and J.-Y. Thibon, Hopf Algebras of m-permutations,(m+1)-ary trees, and m-parking functions, arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.5962 [math.CO], 2014. See Eq. (185), p. 47 and Fig. 17.
FORMULA
G.f. A_k(x) of column k satisfies A_k(x) = 1 - x * A_k(x)^k * (1 - 2 * A_k(x)).
T(n,k) = ( (-1)^n / (k*n+1) ) * Sum_{j=0..n} (-2)^(n-j) * binomial(k*n+1,j) * binomial((k+1)*n-j,n-j).
T(n,k) = (-1)^n*(binomial(k*n+1, n)*hypergeom([-n, k*n+1], [(k-1)*n+2], 2))/(k*n+1)) for k >= 1. - Peter Luschny, Jul 26 2020
T(n,k) = (1/n) * Sum_{j=0..n-1} binomial(n,j) * binomial((k+1)*n-j,n-1-j) for n > 0. - Seiichi Manyama, Aug 08 2023
EXAMPLE
Square array begins:
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ...
4, 11, 21, 34, 50, 69, ...
8, 45, 126, 267, 484, 793, ...
16, 197, 818, 2279, 5105, 9946, ...
MAPLE
T := (n, k) -> `if`(k=0, `if`(n=0, 1, 2^(n-1)), (-1)^n*(binomial(k*n+1, n)* hypergeom([-n, k*n+1], [(k-1)*n+2], 2)) / (k*n+1)):
seq(lprint(seq(simplify(T(n, k)), k=0..9)), n=0..6); # Peter Luschny, Jul 26 2020
MATHEMATICA
T[n_, k_] := (-1)^n * Sum[(-2)^j * Binomial[n, j] * Binomial[k*n+j+1, n]/(k*n+j+1), {j, 0, n}]; Table[T[k, n-k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Amiram Eldar, May 01 2021 *)
PROG
(PARI) T(n, k) = (-1)^n*sum(j=0, n, (-2)^j*binomial(n, j)*binomial(k*n+j+1, n)/(k*n+j+1));
(PARI) T(n, k) = my(A=1+x*O(x^n)); for(i=0, n, A=1-x*A^k*(1-2*A)); polcoeff(A, n);
(PARI) T(n, k) = (-1)^n*sum(j=0, n, (-2)^(n-j)*binomial(k*n+1, j)*binomial((k+1)*n-j, n-j))/(k*n+1);
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Seiichi Manyama, Jul 26 2020
STATUS
approved