OFFSET
0,9
COMMENTS
Triangle T(n,k), 0 <= k <= n, read by rows, given by [0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1, 1, ...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.
Aerated version gives A165408. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 22 2009
T(n,k) is the number of length n left factors of Dyck paths having k up steps. Example: T(5,4)=4 because we have UDUUU, UUDUU, UUUDU, and UUUUD, where U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1). - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 19 2011
With zeros omitted: 1,1,1,1,2,1,2,3,1,5,4,1,... = A008313. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 02 2011
LINKS
Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..200, flattened
FORMULA
G.f.: G(t,z) = 4*z/((2*z-1+sqrt(1-4*t*z^2))*(1+sqrt(1-4*t*z^2))). - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 19 2011
Sum_{k=0..n} x^k*T(n,n-k) = A001405(n), A126087(n), A128386(n), A121724(n), A128387(n), A132373(n), A132374(n), A132375(n), A121725(n) for x=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 respectively. [corrected by Philippe Deléham, Oct 16 2008]
From Philippe Deléham, Oct 18 2008: (Start)
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)^3 = A003161(n).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)^4 = A129123(n). (End)
Sum_{k=0..n}, T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A001405(n), A151281(n), A151162(n), A151254(n), A156195(n), A156361(n), A156362(n), A156566(n), A156577(n) for x=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 10 2009
From G. C. Greubel, Nov 07 2022: (Start)
T(n, k) = 0 if n > 2*k, otherwise binomial(n, k)*(2*k-n+1)/(k+1).
Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*T(n,k) = A105523(n).
Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*T(n,k)^2 = -A132889(n), n >= 1.
Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} T(n-k, k) = A357654(n).
T(n, n-1) = A001477(n).
T(n, n-2) = [n=2] + A000096(n-3), n >= 2.
T(n, n-3) = 2*[n<5] + A005586(n-5), n >= 3.
T(n, n-4) = 5*[n<7] - 2*[n=4] + A005587(n-7), n >= 4.
T(2*n+1, n+1) = A000108(n+1), n >= 0.
T(2*n-1, n+1) = A099376(n-1), n >= 1. (End)
EXAMPLE
As a triangle, this begins:
1;
0, 1;
0, 1, 1;
0, 0, 2, 1;
0, 0, 2, 3, 1;
0, 0, 0, 5, 4, 1;
0, 0, 0, 5, 9, 5, 1;
0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 14, 6, 1;
...
MAPLE
G := 4*z/((2*z-1+sqrt(1-4*z^2*t))*(1+sqrt(1-4*z^2*t))): Gser := simplify(series(G, z = 0, 13)): for n from 0 to 12 do P[n] := sort(coeff(Gser, z, n)) end do: for n from 0 to 12 do seq(coeff(P[n], t, k), k = 0 .. n) end do; # yields sequence in triangular form # Emeric Deutsch, Jun 19 2011
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(x, y) option remember; `if`(y<0 or y>x, 0,
`if`(x=0, 1, add(b(x-1, y+j), j=[-1, 1])))
end:
T:= (n, k)-> b(n, 2*k-n):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..14); # Alois P. Heinz, Oct 13 2022
MATHEMATICA
b[x_, y_]:= b[x, y]= If[y<0 || y>x, 0, If[x==0, 1, Sum[b[x-1, y+j], {j, {-1, 1}}] ]];
T[n_, k_] := b[n, 2 k - n];
Table[Table[T[n, k], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 14}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 21 2022, after Alois P. Heinz *)
T[n_, k_]:= If[n>2*k, 0, Binomial[n, k]*(2*k-n+1)/(k+1)];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 13}, {k, 0, n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Nov 07 2022 *)
PROG
(Magma)
A120730:= func< n, k | n gt 2*k select 0 else Binomial(n, k)*(2*k-n+1)/(k+1) >;
[A120730(n, k): k in [0..n], n in [0..13]]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 07 2022
(SageMath)
def A120730(n, k): return 0 if (n>2*k) else binomial(n, k)*(2*k-n+1)/(k+1)
flatten([[A120730(n, k) for k in range(n+1)] for n in range(14)]) # G. C. Greubel, Nov 07 2022
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Philippe Deléham, Aug 17 2006, corrected Sep 15 2006
STATUS
approved