M O Balogun
Obafemi Awolowo University, Medicine, Faculty Member
- I am Prof M. O. Balogun Bsc; MBChB; FMCP; FWACP; FSM; FNCS; FRCP (Glasg); FESC. Professor of Medicine and Consultant... moreI am Prof M. O. Balogun Bsc; MBChB; FMCP; FWACP; FSM; FNCS; FRCP (Glasg); FESC. Professor of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist. Former Provost, College of Health Sciences (2003-2007) Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Retired December 2019. Main research interests include Heart failure, Exercise testing, Echocardiography and Cardiovascular risk and epidemiology.edit
Background Pregnancy is a physiological process associated with an increased hemodynamic load and cardiac structural remodeling. Limited echocardiographic information exists on cardiac chambers, left ventricular (LV) systolic and... more
Background Pregnancy is a physiological process associated with an increased hemodynamic load and cardiac structural remodeling. Limited echocardiographic information exists on cardiac chambers, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions, and LV mass during trimesters of normal pregnancy among African women. Materials and Methods Echocardiography was done at the beginning of the second trimester, beginning of the third trimester, and middle of the third trimester for 100 normal pregnant women and at one visit for age-matched 100 nonpregnant women. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 software. Analysis of variance was used to compare within trimesters, and a P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean (SD) ages of the patients and controls were 28.20 (±5.91) and 28.35 (±6.06) years, respectively (age range = 19-44 years, P = 0.86). Cardiac chambers, LV systolic function, and LV mass and its index ...
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Research Interests:
There are very limited published studies in Nigeria on the use of 24 hour Holter electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) in the arrhythmic evaluation of hypertensive and diabetic patients. To evaluate indications, arrhythmic pattern of Holter ECG,... more
There are very limited published studies in Nigeria on the use of 24 hour Holter electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) in the arrhythmic evaluation of hypertensive and diabetic patients. To evaluate indications, arrhythmic pattern of Holter ECG, and heart rate variability (HRV) among patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) with or without heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seen in our cardiac care unit. Seventy-nine patients (32 males and 47 females) were studied consecutively over a year using Schiller type (MT-101) Holter ECG machine. Out of the 79 patients, 17 (21.5%) had HHD without heart failure, 33 (41.8%) had HHD with hypertensive heart failure (HHF), while 29 (36.7%) were T2DM patients. The mean (standard deviation) ages of HHD without heart failure, HHF and T2DM patients were 59.65 (±14.38), 65.15 (±14.30), and 54.66 (±8.88) respectively. The commonest indication for Holter ECG was palpitation (38%), followed by syncope (20.3%). Premature ventricular contract...
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Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise were studied using the Bruce protocol in 40 patients with essential hypertension (20 males; 20 females) and 36 normotensive controls (20 males; 16 females) with similar age, level of habitual... more
Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise were studied using the Bruce protocol in 40 patients with essential hypertension (20 males; 20 females) and 36 normotensive controls (20 males; 16 females) with similar age, level of habitual physical activity, smoking and alcohol habits. Maximal heart rate (MHR) was significantly lower in hypertensives than normotensives but there was no significant difference when treated were compared with untreated male hypertensives. Rest -maximal change in heart rate (delta HR) was lower in hypertensives than normotensives (males P less than 0.02). The blood pressure (BP) response was significantly higher in hypertensives than normotensives and in untreated than treated hypertensive males. The delta SBP was not significantly different in hypertensives and normotensives. The mean PRP max was significantly higher in male hypertensives than normotensives, lower in treated vs untreated male hypertensives; similar in treated hypertensives and normotens...
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Heart failure is a major public health concern. Prediction models in heart failure have employed echo-cardiography and other advanced laboratory parameters in predicting the risk of mortality. However, most of the patients in the resource... more
Heart failure is a major public health concern. Prediction models in heart failure have employed echo-cardiography and other advanced laboratory parameters in predicting the risk of mortality. However, most of the patients in the resource poor economies still do not have easy access to these advanced technology. To determine the clinical and echocardiographic correlates of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in the presence or mild renal disease (MRD). One hundred CHF patients were categorized based on their estimated glomerular filtration rates into either normal renal function or MRD. The clinical and echocardiographic variables of both groups were compared. There were 38 females and 62 males with an overall mean age of 54 years. A significantly greater proportion of patients with mild renal disease presented in New York Heart Association classes 3 and 4 (82.9% vs 27.1%). Patients with MRD had echocardiographic findings of a significantly larger left atrial dimension, lower ...
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Left ventricular hypertrophy is independently associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all cause mortality. In a relatively healthy hypertensive adult population, type II diabetes is associated... more
Left ventricular hypertrophy is independently associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all cause mortality. In a relatively healthy hypertensive adult population, type II diabetes is associated with higher left ventricular mass, concentric left ventricular geometry and lower myocardial function independent of age, sex, body size, and arterial blood pressure. The study is to investigate left ventricular geometry in Nigerians with Type II Diabetes mellitus. The study design was cross-sectional and it comprised 75 consecutive patients with type II diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension. Using a structured pre-evaluated questionnaire, the demographic and clinical data were obtained. All subjects had two dimensional (2D) and 2D derived M-mode echocardiography using Sonoline G60s Ultrasound imaging system with 4.2 MHZ transducer equipped with simultaneous ECG tracing. A total of 75 consecutive type II diabetic patients with or without hyper...
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Formulae for predicting functional capacity during 6-minute walk are lacking and the accuracy of the existing formulae has been challenged in deferent populations. The purpose of this study was to develop an equation that would be useful... more
Formulae for predicting functional capacity during 6-minute walk are lacking and the accuracy of the existing formulae has been challenged in deferent populations. The purpose of this study was to develop an equation that would be useful in predicting functional capacity in form of maximum oxygen consumption) (V0 2 ) in Chronic Heart Failure Patients (CHF) during exercise. Sixty-five subjects were recruited for the study. The procedure required the subjects to walk on a self paced speed on a 20 meter marked level ground for 6 minutes. The distance covered in 6 minutes was measured and the speed calculated. The result showed that the distance covered was highly correlated with the VO2 (0.65, p< 0.01). The regression analysis revealed that a linear equation model developed was a good predictor of V0 2 for the group. The study concluded that in situation where sophisticated equipments are lacking, this equation might be useful during exercise supervision for patients with CHF. [VO2 ...
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The heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proposed as a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and death in apparently healthy populations, patients with myocardial infarction and diabetes... more
The heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proposed as a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and death in apparently healthy populations, patients with myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. However, data on the significance of QTc prolongation in heart failure are scarce. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of QTc prolongation in adult Nigerians with heart failure and its association with arrhythmias. Ninety consecutive patients with heart failure were recruited along with 90 age-and sex-matched controls. All the subjects had a 12-lead ECG and a rhythm strip (lead II). The latter was used to calculate the QTc using the Bazett's formula. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were assessed using a 2D guided m-mode and Doppler echocardiogram respectively. The mean age of the patients was 51.9 (16) years compared with 50.3 (15.2) years for the control group, p = 0.47. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was s...
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Hypertension is established as one of the major risk factors for congestive heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular accident and coronary artery disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive response to the increased... more
Hypertension is established as one of the major risk factors for congestive heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular accident and coronary artery disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive response to the increased afterload in hypertension, and therefore serves to normalize wall stress. However, LVH has been established as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and death in hypertension. For this reason, considerable attention has been directed towards a better understanding of LVH as a risk factor. As recognition of the risk associated with LVH has grown, investigators have increasingly focused attention on improving methods for the detection of LVH, assessing its effects on cardiac function, defining its relationship with myocardial ischaemia and sudden death, evaluating the role of antihypertensive treatment in the regression of LVH and assessing whether such regression is beneficial in the long term.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. These include a decline in the systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and cardiac contractility. Exposure to excess thyroid... more
Thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. These include a decline in the systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and cardiac contractility. Exposure to excess thyroid hormone, as occurs in thyrotoxicosis, can not only aggravate preexisting cardiac disease but also by itself lead to cardiac disease. More patients are being reported with thyrotoxicosis in Nigeria while the facilities for diagnosis and treatment are improving and becoming more available. There should therefore be a greater awareness of the cardiac problems associated with thyrotoxicosis, especially atrial fibrillation and cardiac failure. Initial management of heart disease in thyrotoxicosis should focus on the prompt alleviation of hyperthyroidism combined with judicious use of diuretics, digoxin and beta-blockers.
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Fifty-one native Nigerian patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension received Lisinopril ('Zestril') in doses of 10 mg to 40 mg once daily. All patients received an initial dose of 10 mg, which was titrated up to a... more
Fifty-one native Nigerian patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension received Lisinopril ('Zestril') in doses of 10 mg to 40 mg once daily. All patients received an initial dose of 10 mg, which was titrated up to a maximum of 40 mg if normotensive diastolic blood pressure had not been achieved. Reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure, when compared with baseline data, was significant (p < 0.001) following 16 weeks of treatment. Of the 46 evaluable patients, 32 (70%) had their blood pressure controlled (i.e. diastolic blood pressure < or = 90 Hg). Lisinopril ('Zestril') was well tolerated, with 27% of patients reporting adverse reactions of which cough was the most common. In conclusion, this study shows that Lisinopril ('Zestril"), when administered to Nigerian patients, is a clinically effective and well-tolerated for mild to Customer to supply Mss.
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Cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise testing with treadmill (TD) and bicycle ergometers (BE) were compared in 60 healthy male Nigerians aged 20-45 years. The duration of exercise (DOE), maximal heart rate (MHR), peak systolic... more
Cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise testing with treadmill (TD) and bicycle ergometers (BE) were compared in 60 healthy male Nigerians aged 20-45 years. The duration of exercise (DOE), maximal heart rate (MHR), peak systolic blood pressure (PSBP), and peak rate pressure product (PRPP) values were higher with TD than BE (P < 0.0001). The MHR correlated significantly with the DOE in both exercise modes (r = 0.5) but only with age in the TD mode (r = -0.4; P < 0.05). Twenty of these subjects (aged 20-26 years) were further randomized to commence with either TD or BE and afterwards to proceed with the second exercise. Haemodynamic responses were significantly higher as submaximal exercise on BE than TD, while during maximal exercise these responses were significantly higher on TD than BE. The rate of perceived exertion was different for two exercise modes. Seventeen subjects (85%) preferred the TD while 3 (15%) preferred the BE for their personal physical exercise program...
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A seasonal ataxic syndrome occurs annually, predominantly among the Ijeshas of Western Nigeria, characterized by intention tremors, cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, and varying levels of impaired consciousness. There are evidences for... more
A seasonal ataxic syndrome occurs annually, predominantly among the Ijeshas of Western Nigeria, characterized by intention tremors, cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, and varying levels of impaired consciousness. There are evidences for intraethnic variations in susceptibility to the ataxic syndrome among the Ijeshas. The reasons for such intraethnic variations in susceptibility are unclear. To test the notion that the protein nutritional status of individuals may presage susceptibility to disease, we have undertaken a controlled study of serum albumin levels as an index of protein nutriture in patients presenting with the disease. Our study shows that the mean serum albumin level in susceptible individuals on admission was significantly lower than at discharge (Mann-Whitney test: P = .0019), was significantly lower than in controls (P = .0004), and was in no single case higher than 34 g/L (laboratory reference value 35 to 50 g/L). These results imply that the protein nutriture of indivi...
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Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent cardiac risk factor in hypertensives and the structural classification of left ventricular (LV) geometry provides additional prognostic information. Ambulatory blood... more
Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent cardiac risk factor in hypertensives and the structural classification of left ventricular (LV) geometry provides additional prognostic information. Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring has been shown to be superior to office blood pressure (BP) in relation to hypertension LVH. We investigated ambulatory BP variables in relation to LV geometric patterns in Nigerian hypertensives. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 patients (males = 96, females = 34) with hypertension had their 24-hours ambulatory BP and trans-thoracic 2D/M- mode echocardiography. Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54.08±11.88 years. The prevalence rate of abnormal LV geometry was 48.4%. Mean ambulatory Systolic BP (day time, night time and 24-hour-average) was significantly higher in patients with LVH compared with those without LVH. Day-night systo...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prognostic survival studies for heart-rate corrected QT interval in patients with chronic heart failure are few; although these patients are known to have a high risk of sudden cardiac death. This study was aimed... more
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prognostic survival studies for heart-rate corrected QT interval in patients with chronic heart failure are few; although these patients are known to have a high risk of sudden cardiac death. This study was aimed at determining the mortality risk associated with prolonged QTc in Nigerians with heart failure. MATERIALS AND METHOD Ninety-six consecutive patients with heart failure were recruited with 90 age and sex-matched controls. All the subjects had a 12-lead electrocardiogram at a paper speed of 25 mm/sec and a rhythm strip (lead II) at 50 mm/sec. The latter was used to calculate the QTc using the Bazett's formula. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were assessed using 2D guided M-mode and Doppler echocardiogram respectively. They were followed-up for six months. RESULTS Ninety-one patients and 90 controls completed the study. Five patients were lost to follow-up. The mean age (51.9 +/- 16 years) of the patients was similar to that of ...
Research Interests: Nigeria, Medicine, Heart Failure, Humans, Chronic Disease, and 15 moreFemale, Male, Regression Analysis, Long QT syndrome, Risk factors, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Prognosis, Sudden Cardiac Death, Risk Factors, Heart Ventricles, Predictive value of tests, Case Control Studies, and Medical and Health Sciences
OLUBUNMI PATTERN OF ARRHYTHMIA AND CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH GOITER AT OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITALS COMPLEX, ILE-IFE, NIGERIA 2015 Prof M. O. Balogun Prof B.A. Kolawole SUMMARY Background Goiter is endemic in... more
OLUBUNMI PATTERN OF ARRHYTHMIA AND CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH GOITER AT OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITALS COMPLEX, ILE-IFE, NIGERIA 2015 Prof M. O. Balogun Prof B.A. Kolawole SUMMARY Background Goiter is endemic in iodine deficient areas of the world. Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorder in Nigeria. Cardiovascular changes are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in thyroid disease patients. Despite this, data are sparse on the pattern of arrhythmias and cardiac dysfunction among these patients.
BACKGROUND Formulae for predicting functional capacity during 6-minute walk are lacking and the accuracy of the existing formulae has been challenged in deferent populations. AIMS The purpose of this study was to develop an equation that... more
BACKGROUND Formulae for predicting functional capacity during 6-minute walk are lacking and the accuracy of the existing formulae has been challenged in deferent populations. AIMS The purpose of this study was to develop an equation that would be useful in predicting functional capacity in form of maximum oxygen consumption) (V0 2 ) in Chronic Heart Failure Patients (CHF) during exercise. METHODS Sixty-five subjects were recruited for the study. The procedure required the subjects to walk on a self paced speed on a 20 meter marked level ground for 6 minutes. The distance covered in 6 minutes was measured and the speed calculated. RESULTS The result showed that the distance covered was highly correlated with the VO2 (0.65, p< 0.01). The regression analysis revealed that a linear equation model developed was a good predictor of V0 2 for the group. CONCLUSION The study concluded that in situation where sophisticated equipments are lacking, this equation might be useful during exerci...
Research Interests:
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the commonest inherited haemoglobinopathy in Nigeria and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in early childhood in most of the affected population. The cardiac manifestations of SCA... more
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the commonest inherited haemoglobinopathy in Nigeria and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in early childhood in most of the affected population. The cardiac manifestations of SCA are a significant feature of the disease but there is a paucity of information on the cardiovascular involvement in SCA in Nigeria and Africa. The size of the sickle cell problem in the country is growing rapidly and there should therefore be a greater awareness of the cardiac problems associated with SCA. This review highlights the clinical features, changes in cardiac structure and function at rest and on exercise, cardiac pathology and associated heart diseases in SCA as well as the recent global progress made in the understanding of the cardiovascular changes in the disease. Emphasis is laid on data derived from Nigerian studies.
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... Titre du document / Document title. Exercise induced ventricular arrhythmias in Nigerian patients with hypertension. Auteur(s) / Author(s). BALOGUN MO ; ENIOLA A. ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). Obafemi... more
... Titre du document / Document title. Exercise induced ventricular arrhythmias in Nigerian patients with hypertension. Auteur(s) / Author(s). BALOGUN MO ; ENIOLA A. ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). Obafemi Awolowo univ., dep. medicine, Ile Ife, NIGERIA ...
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This study describes the result of free-running exercise performed on 40 asthmatic subjects and 40 age and sex matched controls. A percentage fall of more than 15% in PEFR was used for the diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). 77.5%... more
This study describes the result of free-running exercise performed on 40 asthmatic subjects and 40 age and sex matched controls. A percentage fall of more than 15% in PEFR was used for the diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). 77.5% of our asthmatic patients had exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) while none of the control subjects exhibited EIB. Twenty-seven patients gave positive history of EIA out of which 25 (92.59%) had positive exercise testing. Conversely, 13 patients with asthma did not give history of EIA but 6 of this (46.15%) were found to have EIB on exercise. History alone is therefore insufficient to diagnose patients with exercise-induced asthma.
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Most patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) show evidence of cardiac dysfunction. This study aimed at clinically and electrocardiographically assessing the exercise capacity of steady state SCA patients using self-paced walking exercise.... more
Most patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) show evidence of cardiac dysfunction. This study aimed at clinically and electrocardiographically assessing the exercise capacity of steady state SCA patients using self-paced walking exercise. Forty one (17 males and 24 females) steady state SCA patients between the ages of 15 and 37 years were prospectively studied with 41 age and sex-matched (17 males and 24 females) normal AA controls. All subjects had clinical evaluation, resting 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), 12 minutes self-paced walking exercise, and were tested for haematological and biochemical abnormalities. The clinical features of the patients reflected a hyperdynamic circulation which was evidenced by faster heart rates, wide pulse pressure, cardiomegaly, loud heart sounds and cardiac murmurs. Non-specific ECG findings were observed in this study. The mean QRS voltage (Sokolow-Lyon criteria) was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). The mea...
Research Interests: Sickle Cell Anemia, Adolescent, Probability, Electrocardiography, Prospective studies, and 15 moreHumans, Walking, Hemodynamics, Female, Male, Heart rate, Adult, Sex Factors, Age Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Reference Values, Exercise Test, Exercise Tolerance, Case Control Studies, and Severity of Illness Index
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Left ventricular hypertrophy is an ominous prognostic factor for all the cardiovascular complications of hypertension. Treatment has undoubtedly improved the outlook, particularly in patients with congestive cardiac failure. It has... more
Left ventricular hypertrophy is an ominous prognostic factor for all the cardiovascular complications of hypertension. Treatment has undoubtedly improved the outlook, particularly in patients with congestive cardiac failure. It has recently been shown that the hypertrophy process itself can be regressed by control of hypertension. The principal factor of importance in this regression process is the fall in blood pressure. Although experimental studies suggest that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) both play a role in regression, clinical studies in this regard are suggestive but not conclusive. Left ventricular function appears well preserved with the control of blood pressure and parallel reduction in pressure and left ventricular mass is likely to have no adverse effect on myocardial perfusion. The implications of regression of hypertrophy and the patient's long term prognosis have not yet been determined.
Angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors are now regarded as the cornerstone of congestive heart failure therapy owing to established reduction in mortality and the symptomatic amelioration following their use. Although the response to... more
Angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors are now regarded as the cornerstone of congestive heart failure therapy owing to established reduction in mortality and the symptomatic amelioration following their use. Although the response to converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may be influenced by race, we have reported a trend to reduce intra hospital mortality, the correction of hyponatremia and shortened hospitalization in Nigerians treated with converting enzyme inhibitors. We have now conducted an extended retrospective study, to evaluate the trends in the use of enalapril or captopril and its impact on prognosis in Nigerian patients with heart failure alone, admitted between January 1992 to December 1994. The proportion of heart failure treated with (captopril or enalapril) increased from 37pc in 1992, to 50pc in 1993, to 65pc in 1994. The demographic variables and cause of heart disease were similar in patients treated with converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 55) and those treated c...
Research Interests: Cardiology, Nigeria, Mortality, Cardiovascular disease, Heart Failure, and 15 moreHumans, Enalapril, Congestive Heart Failure, Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System, Hospitalization, Female, Male, Length of Stay, Clinical Cardiology, Prognosis, Hospital Mortality, ACE Inhibitors, Hyponatremia, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, and Captopril
BACKGROUND: Heart failure is a major public health concern. Prediction models in heart failure have employed echocardiography and other advanced laboratory parameters in predicting the risk of mortality.However, most of the patients in... more
BACKGROUND: Heart failure is a major public health concern. Prediction models in heart failure have employed echocardiography and other advanced laboratory parameters in predicting the risk of mortality.However, most of the patients in the resource poor economies still do not have easy access to these advanced technology. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and echocardiographic correlates of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in the presence or mild renal disease (MRD). METHODS: One hundred CHF patients were categorized based on their estimated glomerular filtration rates into either normal renal function or MRD. The clinical and echocardiographic variables of both groups were compared. RESULTS: There were 38 females and 62 males with an overall mean age of 54 years. A significantly greater proportion of patients with mild renal disease presented in New York Heart Association classes 3 and 4 (82.9% vs 27.1%). Patients with MRD had echocardiographic findings of a significant...
132 Nigerians with Non Insulin -dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were divided into two groups (NIDDM) patients with hypertension and those without) and their clinico-laboratory parameters were studied and analyzed. Their mean age (SD)... more
132 Nigerians with Non Insulin -dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were divided into two groups (NIDDM) patients with hypertension and those without) and their clinico-laboratory parameters were studied and analyzed. Their mean age (SD) was 59.5+/-9 years. Body mass index (BMI) was 25.2+/-3.5 kg/m2 and the duration of DM was 6.9+/-6 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 55(41.6%) No significant difference were observed in the age, sex ratio and BMI of both groups but the duration of DM showed a statistical difference between the two groups. However, laboratory parameters such as fasting blood glucose, serum urea, creatinine clearance and degree of proteinuria all showed statistically significant difference between the hypertensive and normotensive groups. Also the hypertensive diabetic group were observed to have more end organ damage i.e peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy than the normotensive diabetics. We conclude that, hypertension in NIDDM...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the commonest inherited haemoglobinopathy in Nigeria and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in early childhood in most of the affected population. The cardiac manifestations of SCA... more
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the commonest inherited haemoglobinopathy in Nigeria and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in early childhood in most of the affected population. The cardiac manifestations of SCA are a significant feature of the disease but there is a paucity of information on the cardiovascular involvement in SCA in Nigeria and Africa. The size of the sickle cell problem in the country is growing rapidly and there should therefore be a greater awareness of the cardiac problems associated with SCA. This review highlights the clinical features, changes in cardiac structure and function at rest and on exercise, cardiac pathology and associated heart diseases in SCA as well as the recent global progress made in the understanding of the cardiovascular changes in the disease. Emphasis is laid on data derived from Nigerian studies.
Research Interests:
This study investigated the predictability of physical activity (PA) and body weight status (BWS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with hypertension. A cross-sectional study involved 250 patients with hypertension... more
This study investigated the predictability of physical activity (PA) and body weight status (BWS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with hypertension. A cross-sectional study involved 250 patients with hypertension (≥140/90≤179/109 mmHg) selected from government hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. Socio-demographic characteristics and cardiovascular parameters were recorded. PA and HRQoL were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Short Form health survey questionnaire respectively. Sufficient PA equals ≥150 min/wk while BWS was defined using body mass index classification. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at P<0.05. Of all participants, 63.6% reported sufficient PA and 78.4% was either overweight or obese. The HRQoL of participants become poorer in all domains with higher body weight. The HRQoL including role limitation...
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Research Interests:
Research Interests: Biomarkers, Nigeria, Heart Failure, Prospective studies, Humans, and 15 moreHypertension, Female, Male, Atrial Fibrillation, Heart rate, Health Status, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Chi Square Distribution, Exercise Tolerance, Proportional Hazards Models, Logistic Models, and Predictive value of tests
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. These include a decline in the systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and cardiac contractility. Exposure to excess thyroid... more
Thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. These include a decline in the systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and cardiac contractility. Exposure to excess thyroid hormone, as occurs in thyrotoxicosis, can not only aggravate preexisting cardiac disease but also by itself lead to cardiac disease. More patients are being reported with thyrotoxicosis in Nigeria while the facilities for diagnosis and treatment are improving and becoming more available. There should therefore be a greater awareness of the cardiac problems associated with thyrotoxicosis, especially atrial fibrillation and cardiac failure. Initial management of heart disease in thyrotoxicosis should focus on the prompt alleviation of hyperthyroidism combined with judicious use of diuretics, digoxin and beta-blockers.
Research Interests:
Angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors are now regarded as the cornerstone of congestive heart failure therapy owing to established reduction in mortality and the symptomatic amelioration following their use. Although the response to... more
Angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors are now regarded as the cornerstone of congestive heart failure therapy owing to established reduction in mortality and the symptomatic amelioration following their use. Although the response to converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may be influenced by race, we have reported a trend to reduce intra hospital mortality, the correction of hyponatremia and shortened hospitalization in Nigerians treated with converting enzyme inhibitors. We have now conducted an extended retrospective study, to evaluate the trends in the use of enalapril or captopril and its impact on prognosis in Nigerian patients with heart failure alone, admitted between January 1992 to December 1994. The proportion of heart failure treated with (captopril or enalapril) increased from 37pc in 1992, to 50pc in 1993, to 65pc in 1994. The demographic variables and cause of heart disease were similar in patients treated with converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 55) and those treated c...
Research Interests:
Maximum treadmill exercise, using the Bruce protocol was performed on 124 healthy Nigerians (80 males and 44 females) aged 20-59 years. The mean duration of exercise (DOE) and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) decreased linearly... more
Maximum treadmill exercise, using the Bruce protocol was performed on 124 healthy Nigerians (80 males and 44 females) aged 20-59 years. The mean duration of exercise (DOE) and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) decreased linearly with increase in age with a high correlation between age and VO2 max (r = -0.82). Males and active subjects had significantly higher values than females and sedentary subjects respectively. From this study, average values of VO2 max in healthy Nigerian men and women can be predicted from the following regression equations for VO2 max (ml of O2 per kg of body weight per min): Sedentary men = 57.2 - 0.528 (years of age) (r = -0.85), Active men = 65.0 - 0.579 (years of age) (r = -0.82), Sedentary women = 34.6 - 0.236 (years of age) (r = -0.61). The regression equation for active women is not predictive as none above the age of 29 years volunteered to participate in this study. The mean maximal heart rate (MHR) was inversely related to age (r = -0.51) an...
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Blood pressure, heart rate and anthropometric parameters were measured in 807 Nigerian school-age children. There was no significant difference between the blood pressure and heart rate of boys and girls after adjusting for differences in... more
Blood pressure, heart rate and anthropometric parameters were measured in 807 Nigerian school-age children. There was no significant difference between the blood pressure and heart rate of boys and girls after adjusting for differences in age and anthropometric parameters. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the strong determinants of blood pressure levels were weight, Quetelet index and triceps skinfold thickness. Based on our findings, we recommend that body weight norms rather than age should be used in evaluating abnormal blood pressure levels in Nigerian children.
Research Interests: Anthropometry, Nigeria, Adolescent, Humans, Child, and 14 moreBlood Pressure, Female, Male, Regression Analysis, Heart rate, Body Mass Index, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Analysis of Variance, Body Weight, Skinfold Thickness, Statistics as Topic, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise were studied using the Bruce protocol in 40 patients with essential hypertension (20 males; 20 females) and 36 normotensive controls (20 males; 16 females) with similar age, level of habitual... more
Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise were studied using the Bruce protocol in 40 patients with essential hypertension (20 males; 20 females) and 36 normotensive controls (20 males; 16 females) with similar age, level of habitual physical activity, smoking and alcohol habits. Maximal heart rate (MHR) was significantly lower in hypertensives than normotensives but there was no significant difference when treated were compared with untreated male hypertensives. Rest -maximal change in heart rate (delta HR) was lower in hypertensives than normotensives (males P less than 0.02). The blood pressure (BP) response was significantly higher in hypertensives than normotensives and in untreated than treated hypertensive males. The delta SBP was not significantly different in hypertensives and normotensives. The mean PRP max was significantly higher in male hypertensives than normotensives, lower in treated vs untreated male hypertensives; similar in treated hypertensives and normotens...
Research Interests:
Left ventricular hypertrophy is an ominous prognostic factor for all the cardiovascular complications of hypertension. Treatment has undoubtedly improved the outlook, particularly in patients with congestive cardiac failure. It has... more
Left ventricular hypertrophy is an ominous prognostic factor for all the cardiovascular complications of hypertension. Treatment has undoubtedly improved the outlook, particularly in patients with congestive cardiac failure. It has recently been shown that the hypertrophy process itself can be regressed by control of hypertension. The principal factor of importance in this regression process is the fall in blood pressure. Although experimental studies suggest that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) both play a role in regression, clinical studies in this regard are suggestive but not conclusive. Left ventricular function appears well preserved with the control of blood pressure and parallel reduction in pressure and left ventricular mass is likely to have no adverse effect on myocardial perfusion. The implications of regression of hypertrophy and the patient's long term prognosis have not yet been determined.
Research Interests:
This study describes the result of free-running exercise performed on 40 asthmatic subjects and 40 age and sex matched controls. A percentage fall of more than 15% in PEFR was used for the diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). 77.5%... more
This study describes the result of free-running exercise performed on 40 asthmatic subjects and 40 age and sex matched controls. A percentage fall of more than 15% in PEFR was used for the diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). 77.5% of our asthmatic patients had exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) while none of the control subjects exhibited EIB. Twenty-seven patients gave positive history of EIA out of which 25 (92.59%) had positive exercise testing. Conversely, 13 patients with asthma did not give history of EIA but 6 of this (46.15%) were found to have EIB on exercise. History alone is therefore insufficient to diagnose patients with exercise-induced asthma.
Research Interests:
A seasonal ataxic syndrome occurs annually, predominantly among the Ijeshas of Western Nigeria, characterized by intention tremors, cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, and varying levels of impaired consciousness. There are evidences for... more
A seasonal ataxic syndrome occurs annually, predominantly among the Ijeshas of Western Nigeria, characterized by intention tremors, cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, and varying levels of impaired consciousness. There are evidences for intraethnic variations in susceptibility to the ataxic syndrome among the Ijeshas. The reasons for such intraethnic variations in susceptibility are unclear. To test the notion that the protein nutritional status of individuals may presage susceptibility to disease, we have undertaken a controlled study of serum albumin levels as an index of protein nutriture in patients presenting with the disease. Our study shows that the mean serum albumin level in susceptible individuals on admission was significantly lower than at discharge (Mann-Whitney test: P = .0019), was significantly lower than in controls (P = .0004), and was in no single case higher than 34 g/L (laboratory reference value 35 to 50 g/L). These results imply that the protein nutriture of indivi...